Central device and distribution device

Abstract

Provided is a central device constituting a base station, the central device comprising: a control unit configured to determine a type of system information to which a distribution device constituting the base station applies security protection; and a transmission unit configured to transmit, to the distribution device, first information indicating the determined type.

Description

Central unit, distributed unit

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a central unit and a distributed unit that constitute a base station.

[0002] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) is standardizing the 5th generation mobile communication system (also called 5G, New Radio (NR), or Next Generation (NG)). Furthermore, it is also proceeding with the standardization of the next-generation mobile communication system called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0003] The base station notifies system information to the terminals within the cell. The system information includes a master information block (MIB) and a plurality of system information blocks (SIBs) (Non-Patent Document 1). Since no security protection is applied to any of the system information, all terminals within the cell can recognize its content.

[0004] 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.3.0, 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; NR; Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification (Release 18), 3GPP, September 2024

[0005] Some of the system information also includes information that is assumed to be provided only to the terminals of specific users, not all terminals within the cell. For example, information such as high-precision time information and slice information corresponding to the cell is assumed to be provided only to users who have concluded a separate contract to obtain such information. Therefore, there is an increasing demand to apply security protection to some of the system information.

[0006] However, when base stations are divided into central and distributed devices according to their functions, applying security protection to system information presents the following problem: the central and distributed devices may attempt to apply security protection to the same system information, potentially leading to conflicts.

[0007] Therefore, this disclosure aims to provide central and distributed devices that can avoid conflicts that may arise when applying security protections to system information.

[0008] One aspect of the disclosure is a central device constituting a base station, comprising: a control unit (control unit 170) that determines the type of system information to which the distributed devices constituting the base station apply security protection; and a transmission unit (wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110) that transmits first information indicating the determined type to the distributed devices.

[0009] One aspect of the disclosure is a distributed device comprising a base station, the distributed device comprising: a receiving unit (wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 110) that receives first information indicating the type of system information from a central unit comprising the base station, and a control unit (control unit 170) that applies security protection to the system information of the said type based on the first information.

[0010] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall configuration of a wireless communication system. Figure 2 is a diagram showing the frequency range used in the wireless communication system. Figure 3 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of wireless frames, subframes, slots, and symbols used in the wireless communication system. Figure 4 is a functional block diagram of a base station. Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of the layer configuration of a base station. Figure 6 is a functional block diagram of a terminal. Figure 7 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for transmitting the type of system information to be protected by security. Figure 8 is a diagram showing an example of a sequence for requesting the type of system information to be protected by security. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a terminal. Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a vehicle.

[0011] The embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that identical or similar reference numerals are used to denote the same functions and components, and their descriptions will be omitted as appropriate.

[0012] (1) Wireless communication system configuration The wireless communication system 10 shown in Diagram 1 is a wireless communication system that follows a method called 5G. On the other hand, wireless communication system 10 may also be a wireless communication system that follows a method called Beyond 5G, 5G Evolution, or 6G.

[0013] The wireless communication system 10 can support Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (Massive MIMO), which generates a more directional beam by controlling the wireless signals transmitted from multiple antenna elements; carrier aggregation (CA), which uses multiple component carriers (CCs) bundled together; and dual connectivity (DC), which enables simultaneous communication with two base stations.

[0014] As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system 10 includes a base station 100 (hereinafter also referred to as BS100) that constitutes the Next Generation-Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) 20, and a terminal 200 (hereinafter also referred to as user equipment (UE) 200) that communicates wirelessly with the BS100. NG-RAN 20 may be read as BS100.

[0015] NG-RAN20 is connected to the core network (CN) 30. CN30 consists of multiple network functions (NFs). These NFs include, for example, the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 300 and the Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) 400. AMF300 performs, for example, the registration of UE200. NWDAF400 performs, for example, the optimization of CN30. Note that the specific configuration of the wireless communication system 10, such as the number of BS100 and UE200, is not limited to the example shown in Figure 1. Furthermore, NG-RAN20 and CN30 may simply be referred to as "the network (NW)".

[0016] The BS100 may be divided into a central unit (CU) connected to the network and controlling the connection with the UE200, and a distributed unit (DU) connected to the UE200 and transmitting and receiving wireless signals to and from the UE200. The CU may be divided into a CU-CP that controls the control plane (CP) and a CU-UP that controls the user plane (UP). In other words, the BS100 may be divided into a CU-CP, a CU-UP, and a DU.

[0017] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 10 may support multiple frequency ranges (FRs). That is, as shown in Figure 2, it may support the following FRs: • FR1: 410 MHz to 7.125 GHz • FR2-1: 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz • FR2-2: Over 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz

[0018] In FR1, a subcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15, 30, or 60 kHz and a bandwidth (BW) of 5 to 100 MHz may be used. In FR2-1, an SCS of 60 or 120 kHz (or 240 kHz) and a BW of 50 to 400 MHz may be used.

[0019] In FR2-2, to avoid an increase in phase noise, Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP-OFDM) or Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) with a larger SCS may be applied.

[0020] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 3, one slot in the wireless communication system 10 consists of 14 symbols. If this configuration is maintained, the larger (wider) the SCS becomes, the shorter the symbol period (and slot period). Note that the SCS is not limited to the frequencies shown in Figure 3, and may be other frequencies such as 480 kHz or 960 kHz.

[0021] Furthermore, the number of symbols constituting one slot does not necessarily have to be 14; for example, it could be 28 or 56 symbols. In addition, the number of slots per subframe may vary depending on the SCS.

[0022] (2) Functional block configuration of the wireless communication system (2.1) Functional block configuration of the base station As shown in Figure 4, the BS100 includes a wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110, an amplifier unit 120, a modulation / demodulation unit 130, a control signal / reference signal processing unit 140, an encoding / decoding unit 150, a data transmission / reception unit 160, and a control unit 170.

[0023] As described above, the BS100 of this embodiment may include a distributed unit (DU) provided on the UE200 side and a central unit (CU) provided on the network side. The distributed unit may consist of a physical (PHY) layer (specifically, a High-PHY layer), a MAC layer, and an RLC layer, and the control unit may consist of a PDCP layer and an RRC layer.

[0024] On the other hand, the layer configuration between the distributed device and the control unit is not limited to this. As shown in Figure 5, the boundary between the layers of the distributed device (DU in the figure) and the control unit (CU in the figure) is Option 2, but the distributed device and the control unit may be separated in other options as shown in Figure 6. For example, if separated in Option 4, the distributed device may consist of a High-PHY layer and a MAC layer, and the control unit may consist of an RLC layer, a PDCP layer, and an RRC layer. Note that in Figure 6, the distributed device and the wireless device (RU in the figure) are separated in Option 7, but other options may be selected for this boundary as well.

[0025] Furthermore, each of the BS100 configurations described below may be understood as either a DU configuration or a CU configuration.

[0026] The wireless signal transceiver 110 transmits and receives wireless signals to and from the UE 200. The wireless signal transceiver 110 may consist of a transmitting unit that transmits wireless signals to the UE 200 and a receiving unit that receives wireless signals from the UE 200. The wireless signal may include data, or may be interpreted as data. Transmission may be interpreted as setting, instruction, notification, etc. Reception may be interpreted as reporting, notifying, etc. Settings may be implemented by setting information (information elements (IE)) of the Wireless Resource Control (RRC) layer, and instructions may be implemented by control elements (CE) or downlink control information (DCI) of the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0027] In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110 of the CU constituting the BS100 can transmit first information indicating the type of system information to the DU constituting the BS100. As will be described later, the type of system information indicated by the first information can be determined by the control unit 170.

[0028] In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110 of the CU constituting the BS100 can receive second information from the DU constituting the BS100 indicating whether or not security protection can be applied to the type of system information determined by the control unit 170.

[0029] In one embodiment, the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110 of the CU constituting the BS100 can transmit a security key (including a key stream) and a security algorithm for applying security protection to system information of a type determined by the control unit 170.

[0030] In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the DU constituting the BS100 can receive first information indicating the type of system information from the CU constituting the BS100.

[0031] In one embodiment, the wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the DU constituting BS100 can transmit third information to the CU constituting BS100 requesting the type of system information to which security protection should be applied. This allows the wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 of the DU constituting BS100 to notify the CU constituting BS100 of the type of system information to which it wishes to apply security protection.

[0032] In this embodiment, the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110 of the DU constituting the BS100 can receive a security key (including a key stream) and a security algorithm for applying security protection to system information of the type indicated by the first information.

[0033] System information may include Master Information Blocks (MIBs) and System Information Blocks (SIBs, specifically SIB1, etc.). System information may also be called broadcast information. Specific examples of system information are described below based on the description in 3GPP TS38.331 V18.3.0. Note that terms such as MIB and SIB (SIB1, etc.) may be replaced with other terms that mean the same thing.

[0034] ・MIB: MIB contains system information transmitted on the broadcast channel (BCH). ・SIB1: SIB1 contains information relevant when a UE evaluates whether or not it is permitted to access a cell and determines the scheduling of other system information. SIB1 also contains radio resource configuration information common to all UEs and burring information applied to Unified Access Control (UAC). ・SIB2: SIB2 contains cell reselection information common to intra-frequency / inter-frequency / inter-RAT cell reselection and intra-frequency cell reselection information other than the relevant adjacent cells. ・SIB3: SIB3 contains adjacent cell-related information relevant only to intra-frequency cell reselection. SIB3 includes cells with specific cell reselection parameters and cells in the exclusion list. ・SIB4: SIB4 contains adjacent cell-related information relevant to inter-frequency cell reselection. SIB4 includes cell reselection parameters common to a certain frequency and cell-specific reselection parameters. ・SIB5: SIB5 contains information relevant only to inter-RAT cell reselection. SIB5 contains cell reselection parameters common to a certain frequency. SIB6: SIB6 contains Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification. SIB7: SIB7 contains ETWS secondary notification. SIB8: SIB8 contains Commercial Mobile Alert System (CMAS) notification. SIB9: SIB9 contains information related to GPS time and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). SIB10: SIB10 contains the Human Readable Network Name (HRNN) of Non-Public Network (NPN) in addition to SIB1. SIB11: SIB11 contains information related to idle / inactive measurements. SIB12: SIB12 contains NR sidelink communication / discovery settings. SIB13: SIB13 contains V2X sidelink communication settings as defined in 3GPP TS36.331.• SIB14: SIB14 contains V2X sidelink communication settings as defined in 3GPP TS36.331, which can be used in combination with the settings included in SIB13. • SIB15: SIB15 contains disaster roaming information. • SIB16: SIB16 contains slice-based cell reselection information settings. • SIB17: SIB17 contains TRS resource settings for idle / inactive UEs. • SIB17bis: SIB17bis is selectively scheduled when SIB17 is not scheduled and contains TRS resource settings for idle / inactive UEs. • SIB18: SIB18 contains network selection group identifiers (GINs) that support access using credentials from a Credential Holder or support UE onboarding. • SIB19: SIB19 contains satellite assistance information for Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) access. • SIB20: SIB20 contains information required to obtain the MBS Control Channel (MCCH) / MBS Traffic Channel (MTCH) settings for Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) broadcast. • SIB21: SIB21 contains the mapping of current and / or adjacent carrier frequencies to MBS Frequency Selection Area Identities (FSAI). • SIB22: SIB22 contains ATG assistance information for Air-To-Ground (ATG) access. • SIB23: SIB23 contains NR sidelink positioning settings for dedicated SL-PRS resource pools. • SIB24: SIB24 contains information required to obtain the multicast MCCH / MTCH settings for MBS multicast reception in RRC_INACTIVE. • SIB25: SIB25 contains TN coverage information to assist in adjacent cell measurements for UEs of NTN cells.

[0035] System information may be classified into multiple categories. For example, MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17 (including SIB17bis, the same applies hereinafter), SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, and SIB24 may be classified as first-category system information. Similarly, SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, and SIB25 may be classified as second-category system information.

[0036] The type of system information may be determined by the entity encoding the system information. For example, the type of system information encoded by a distributed device (DU) located on the UE200 side, which is part of the BS100, may be defined as the first type. Similarly, the type of system information encoded by a central device (CU) located on the network side, which is part of the BS100, may be defined as the second type.

[0037] Furthermore, the system information encoded by the distributed device may be MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24, and the system information encoded by the central device may be SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, SIB25.

[0038] The type of system information may be determined by whether or not it is system information necessary for initial access to BS100. For example, system information necessary for initial access (e.g., MIB and SIB1) may be designated as Type 1 system information, and other system information may be designated as Type 2 system information. In this case, Type 1 system information (e.g., MIB and SIB1) may be protected by security measures applied by the distributed device. Similarly, Type 2 system information may be protected by security measures applied by the central device.

[0039] The amplifier section 120 consists of a Power Amplifier (PA) and a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), among other components. The amplifier section 120 amplifies the wireless signal output from the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 110. The amplifier section 120 also amplifies the wireless signal output from the modulation / demodulation unit 130.

[0040] The modulation / demodulation unit 130 performs data modulation / demodulation, transmit power setting, and resource block allocation for each predetermined communication destination (UE200 or other UE200). CP-OFDM / DFT-S-OFDM may be applied in the modulation / demodulation unit 130. Furthermore, DFT-S-OFDM may be used not only for the uplink (UL) but also for the downlink (DL).

[0041] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 140 performs processing related to control signals transmitted to and from the UE200, such as radio resource control (RRC) signaling.

[0042] The control signal / reference signal processing unit 140 performs processing related to reference signals transmitted to and from the UE200, such as the Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and Positioning Reference Signal (PRS).

[0043] Channels include control channels and data channels. Control channels include physical uplink control channels (PUCCH), physical downlink control channels (PDCCH), physical random access channels (PRACH), and physical broadcast channels (PBCH). Data channels include physical uplink sharing channels (PUSCH) and physical downlink sharing channels (PDSCH).

[0044] The symbolization / decoding unit 150 performs operations such as division / concatenation and coding / decoding of data included in a radio signal for each predetermined communication destination (UE200 or another UE200).

[0045] Specifically, the symbolization / decoding unit 150 decodes the data output from the modulation / demodulation unit 130 and concatenates the decoded data. Also, the symbolization / decoding unit 150 divides the data output from the data transmission / reception unit 160 into a predetermined size and performs coding on the divided data.

[0046] The data transmission / reception unit 160 performs operations such as assembly / disassembly of data units (Protocol Data Unit (PDU) / Service Data Unit (SDU)) that constitute data between each layer. The plurality of layers include a Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, a Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, etc. Also, the data transmission / reception unit 160 performs error correction and retransmission control of data based on Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ).

[0047] The control unit 170 controls the gNB1 **00**. The control unit 170 controls, for example, the transmission / reception of radio signals by the radio signal transmission / reception unit 110, the amplification by the amplifier unit 120, the data modulation / demodulation by the modulation / demodulation unit 130, the signal processing by the control signal / reference signal processing unit 140, the coding / decoding by the symbolization / decoding unit 150, and the assembly / disassembly of data units by the data transmission / reception unit 160.

[0048] The control unit 170 of the embodiment can apply security protection to the system information. The control unit 170 of the embodiment can change the layer to which security protection is applied according to the type of the system information described above. For example, the control unit 170 of the embodiment can apply security protection at the MAC layer to the system information of the first type, and can apply security protection at the PDCP layer to the system information of the second type. In this case, the control unit 170 that applies security protection at the MAC layer may be understood as the control unit 170 of the DU, and the control unit 170 that applies security protection at the PDCP layer may be understood as the control unit 170 of the CU.

[0049] Further, for example, the control unit 170 of the embodiment can perform encoding at the MAC layer for the system information of the first type, and can perform encoding at the PDCP layer for the system information of the second type. In this case, the control unit 170 that performs encoding at the MAC layer may be understood as the control unit 170 of the DU, and the control unit 170 that performs encoding at the PDCP layer may be understood as the control unit 170 of the CU.

[0050] In the embodiment, the control unit 170 of the CU constituting the BS100 can determine the type of system information to which the DU constituting the BS100 applies security protection. Further, the control unit 170 of the CU constituting the BS100 can also determine the type of system information to which it applies security protection. Note that the security protection is realized by the security key and the security algorithm described above.

[0051] In the embodiment, the control unit 170 of the DU constituting the BS100 can apply security protection to the system information of the type indicated by the first information based on the first information indicating the type of the system information. Note that the security protection is realized by the security key and the security algorithm described above.

[0052] (2.2) Functional Block Configuration of Terminal As shown in FIG. 6, the UE2**0** includes a radio signal transceiver unit 210 and a control unit 220.

[0053] The wireless signal transceiver 210 transmits and receives wireless signals to and from BS100. The wireless signal transceiver 210 may consist of a transmitting unit that transmits wireless signals to BS100 and a receiving unit that receives wireless signals from BS100. The wireless signals may include control signals (reference signals) or data, or may be interpreted as control signals (reference signals) or data. Transmission may be interpreted as reporting, notification, etc. Reception may be interpreted as setting, instructing, notification, etc. Setting may be implemented by setting information (information elements (IE)) of the wireless resource control (RRC) layer. Instructions may be implemented by control elements (CE) of the media access control (MAC) layer, or by downlink control information (DCI).

[0054] The wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 can receive the information transmitted by the wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 described above. Furthermore, the wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 210 can transmit the information received by the wireless signal transmitting / receiving unit 110 described above.

[0055] The wireless signal transmission / reception unit 210 of this embodiment can receive system information with security protection applied from BS100.

[0056] The control unit 220 controls the UE200. The control unit 220 controls, for example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals by the wireless signal transmission / reception unit 210.

[0057] The control unit 220 of the embodiment can select a layer to remove security protection applied to system information, depending on the type of system information. The control unit 220 of the embodiment can remove security protection at the selected layer. The removal of security protection may be achieved by a security key (including a key stream) and a security algorithm.

[0058] For example, the control unit 220 of the embodiment can select the MAC layer as the layer for removing security protection from system information of a first type, depending on the system information. The control unit 220 of the embodiment can remove the security protection applied to the first type of system information at the MAC layer. Similarly, the control unit 220 of the embodiment can select the PDCP layer as the layer for removing security protection from system information of a second type, depending on the system information. The control unit 220 of the embodiment can remove the security protection applied to the second type of system information at the PDCP layer.

[0059] The control unit 220 of the embodiment can decode (read the contents of) the system information after removing the security protection applied to the system information.

[0060] (3) Operation of the wireless communication system (3.1) Problem When a base station is divided into a central device and distributed devices according to its function, there was the following problem in applying security protection to system information. That is, the central device and the distributed devices each tried to apply security protection to the same system information, which could lead to a conflict.

[0061] (3.2) Operation Examples The operation examples will be explained with reference to Figures 7 and 8. First, as Operation Example 1, the operation in which the CU determines the entity to which security protection should be applied to the system information will be explained. Next, as Operation Example 2, the operation in which the DU notifies the CU of the type of system information to which the DU wishes to apply security protection will be explained. Finally, as Operation Example 3, the operation in which the entity to which security protection should be applied to the system information is defined in the 3GPP standard will be explained.

[0062] (3.2.1) Operation Example 1 In Operation Example 1, the CU constituting BS100 determines the entity that applies security protection to system information. Specifically, the CU determines the entity that applies security protection according to the type of system information. For example, the CU may decide that the DU is the entity that applies security protection to the first type of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24). Similarly, the CU may decide that the CU is the entity that applies security protection to the second type of system information (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, SIB25).

[0063] As shown in Figure 7, the CU may transmit information (first information) to the DU requesting that the DU apply security protection to the system information. The first information may include the system information (e.g., SIB10) or its type (first type) to which the DU applies security protection. The first information may also include the security key (including the key stream) and security algorithm used for security protection.

[0064] If the DU receives the first information, it may send information (second information) indicating whether or not security protection can be applied. The second information may be an Ack or a Nack. If the DU replies with a Nack, it may also reply with the reason (e.g., security protection cannot be applied).

[0065] (3.2.2) Operation Example 2 In Operation Example 2, the DU that constitutes BS100 requests the CU that constitutes BS100 to specify the type of system information to which it wants to apply security protection. For example, the DU may request the CU to apply security protection to the first type of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24).

[0066] As shown in Figure 8, the DU may send to the CU information indicating the type of system information to which it wishes to apply security protection (third information). The third information may include the system information to which the DU wishes to apply security protection (e.g., SIB10) or its type (first type). Upon receiving a request from the DU, the CU may reply with an Ack or Nack to the DU's request.

[0067] Furthermore, the third piece of information may include requests for security keys (including key streams) and security algorithms used for security protection. In this case, the Ack or Nack to the DU's request may include the security keys (including key streams) and security algorithms requested by the DU.

[0068] Upon receiving a request from a DU, the CU may grant all or part of the DU's request. For example, if a DU requests that security protection be applied to Type 1 system information (e.g., MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24), the CU may grant the DU to apply security protection to only some of the Type 1 system information (e.g., MIB, SIB1). Furthermore, if a DU requests both the type of system information to which it wishes to apply security protection, and the security key (including key stream) and security algorithm to be used for that security information, the CU may grant the DU to apply security protection to the type of system information requested by the DU, but may not grant the DU's request regarding the security key (including key stream) and security algorithm, instead returning the CU's own decision.

[0069] (3.2.3) Operation Example 3 In Operation Example 3, the entity applying security protection to system information is determined in accordance with the operation defined in the 3GPP standard. For example, if the 3GPP standard defines that the DU applies security protection to Type 1 system information (e.g., MIB, SIB1, SIB10, SIB12, SIB13, SIB14, SIB15, SIB17, SIB18, SIB20, SIB22, SIB23, SIB24) and the CU applies security protection to Type 2 system information (e.g., SIB2, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9, SIB11, SIB16, SIB19, SIB21, SIB25), then the CU and DU may operate accordingly. In this case, the security key (including the key stream) and security algorithm used for security protection may be transmitted from the CU to the DU.

[0070] (4) Effects and Effects According to the embodiments described above, the CU and DU constituting BS100 have the application of security protection determined by the CU according to the type of system information, so it is possible to avoid conflicts in which both the CU and DU attempt to apply security protection to the same system information.

[0071] According to the embodiment described above, if the DU is instructed by the CU to apply security protection to system information, but there are circumstances preventing it from doing so, the DU can notify the CU of that fact.

[0072] According to the embodiment described above, the DU can request the CU to specify the types of system information to which it wishes to apply security protection. This allows the DU's intentions, which are more readily aware of the UE200's status than the CU's, to be reflected in the determination of who should apply security protection.

[0073] (5) Other Embodiments Although the contents of the present invention have been described above in accordance with the embodiments, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to these descriptions and that various modifications and improvements are possible.

[0074] The UE may report the following capability information to the BS: • Capability information for each operational example • Capability information for options in the operational example, or for combinations of options • Capability information for variations in the operational example, or for combinations of variations

[0075] UE can report the above capability information for each frequency. Specifically, it can report the above capability information for each UE, each FR1, each FR2, each FR2-1, each FR2-2, each FR3, each SCS, each band, each BC, each FC, and each FSPC.

[0076] The UE can report the above capability information for each cell. Specifically, it can report the above capability information for each UE, each cell, and each TDD and FDD.

[0077] In this disclosure, whether or not to apply an example of operation, which example of operation to apply, and / or which option or variation to use may be any of the following: • Set by a higher-layer parameter. • Determined by the relevant higher-layer parameter. • Indicated by MAC CE or DCI. • Determined based on UE capability. • As described in the specification. • Based on conditions described in the specification. • Determined by the setting of a higher-layer parameter / MAC CE / DCI and the reported UE capability (a combination of the above determinations).

[0078] In this disclosure, multiple options and variations may be combined as a single option / variation.

[0079] In this disclosure, the measurement RS may be a QCL resource RS in an active TCI state or a specified TCI state.

[0080] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network in the following types (in this disclosure, the network may be referred to as the gNB): • Information via upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, LPP messages) • MAC CE • MAC CE with a new LCID in the subheader • Extensions to existing MAC CEs (e.g., introduction of a new ocset) • DCI • DCI field: existing / newly introduced DCI field • RNTI: DCI with a CRC scrambled by an existing / newly introduced RNTI • DCI format: existing / newly introduced DCI format • Combinations of these

[0081] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network in the following periodic types: • Periodic • Semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB) • Aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB)

[0082] In this disclosure, the UE may receive information from the network using the following QCL rules: • QCL type A • QCL type B • QCL type C • QCL type D

[0083] In this disclosure, the QCL resource RS for each QCL type may be as follows: • SSB • CSI-RS with / without repetition • TRS • PDCCH / PDSCH DMRS

[0084] In this disclosure, information from the network may be configured / instructed as follows: • UE common / UE dedicated • Cell specific / Cell common • Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per CG

[0085] In this disclosure, the UE may report information to the network in the following types (in this disclosure, the network may be referred to as the gNB): • Information via upper-layer signaling (e.g., RRC messages, LPP messages) • MAC CE • MAC CE with a new LCID in the subheader • Extensions to existing MAC CEs (e.g., introduction of a new ocset) • UCI • UCI on PUCCH or PUSCH • A combination of these

[0086] In this disclosure, the UE may report information to the network in the following periodic types: • Periodic • Semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB) • Aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB)

[0087] The examples of operation described above may be combined and applied in combination, as long as no inconsistencies arise.

[0088] The block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments show functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining software with the one or more of the above devices.

[0089] Functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, judgment, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, assumption, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission is called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0090] For example, the base station 100 and terminal 200 in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as computers that process the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 9 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the base station 100 and terminal 200 according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The above-mentioned base station 100 and terminal 200 may be physically configured as computer devices including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0091] In the following explanation, the term "device" can be replaced with "circuit," "device," "unit," etc. The hardware configuration of the base station 100 and terminal 200 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured to omit some of the devices.

[0092] Each function in the base station 100 and terminal 200 is realized by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication by the communication device 1004, and control at least one of the reading and writing of data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0093] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may consist of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control units, arithmetic units, registers, and so on.

[0094] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. Furthermore, although it has been explained that the above processes are executed by one processor 1001, they may be executed simultaneously or sequentially by two or more processors 1001. The processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips. The program may also be transmitted from a network via a telecommunications line.

[0095] Memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), etc. Memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, main memory, etc. Memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0096] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: an optical disc such as a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM), a hard disk drive, a flexible disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., Compact Disc, Digital Multipurpose Disc, Blu-ray® Disc), a smart card, flash memory (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a floppy® disk, a magnetic strip, etc. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device. The above-mentioned storage medium may be, for example, a database, server, or other suitable medium including at least one of memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0097] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transceiver / receiver device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

[0098] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, LED lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0099] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0100] Furthermore, the base station 100 and terminal 200 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be realized by such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0101] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), upper layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), other signals, or combinations thereof. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, and may be, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc.

[0102] Each aspect / embodiment described herein may apply to systems utilizing Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG) (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal), Future Radio Access (FRA), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), W-CDMA®, GSM®, CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, and other appropriate systems, as well as at least one of the next-generation systems that are extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of at least one of LTE and LTE-A with 5G).

[0103] The processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be reordered, provided they do not contradict each other. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0104] The specific operations described in this disclosure as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network consisting of one or more network nodes having a base station, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station and at least one other network node (for example, an MME or S-GW, but not limited to these). Although the above example illustrates the case where there is one other network node besides the base station, it may also be a combination of multiple other network nodes (for example, an MME and an S-GW).

[0105] Information and signals (such as data) can be output from a higher layer (or lower layer) to a lower layer (or higher layer). Input and output may occur via multiple network nodes.

[0106] Input and output information may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information may be deleted. Input information may be transmitted to other devices.

[0107] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value (true or false), or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0108] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during implementation. Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., notification that "X is") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be implicit (e.g., by not providing such notification).

[0109] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0110] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or digital subscriber line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0111] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different technologies. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0112] In addition, terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, at least one of the channel and symbol may be a signal (signaling). Also, a signal may be a message. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may be called a carrier frequency, cell, frequency carrier, etc.

[0113] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable.

[0114] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a given value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by an index.

[0115] The names used for the parameters described above are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, the formulas and other expressions using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (e.g., PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0116] In this disclosure, terms such as "Base Station (BS)", "wireless base station", "fixed station", "NodeB", "eNodeB (eNB)", "gNodeB (gNB)", "access point", "transmission point", "reception point", "transmission / reception point", "cell", "sector", "cell group", "carrier", and "component carrier" may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0117] A base station can house one or more (e.g., three) cells (also called sectors). If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which may be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a Remote Radio Head, RRH). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems providing communication services in that coverage.

[0118] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform control or operation based on the information.

[0119] In this disclosure, terms such as “terminal,” “user terminal,” “Mobile Station (MS),” and “User Equipment (UE)” may be used interchangeably.

[0120] A mobile station may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or several other appropriate terms.

[0121] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a mobile body, the mobile body itself, etc. The mobile body refers to a movable object, and its speed of movement is arbitrary. This also includes the case when the mobile body is stationary. The mobile body includes, but is not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones (registered trademark), multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items mounted on them. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operation commands. It may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile body (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Furthermore, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0122] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a terminal is replaced with communication between multiple terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the terminal 200 may have the functions that the base station 100 has. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "side"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as side channel.

[0123] Similarly, the term "terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 100 may be configured to have the same functions as the terminal 200 described above.

[0124] Figure 10 shows an example of the configuration of vehicle 2001. As shown in Figure 10, vehicle 2001 includes a drive unit 2002, a steering unit 2003, an accelerator pedal 2004, a brake pedal 2005, a shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, an axle 2009, an electronic control unit 2010, various sensors 2021 to 2029, an information service unit 2012, and a communication module 2013.

[0125] The drive unit 2002 is composed of, for example, an engine, a motor, or a hybrid of an engine and a motor.

[0126] The steering unit 2003 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels and the rear wheels based on the operation of the steering wheel, which is operated by the user.

[0127] The electronic control unit 2010 consists of a microprocessor 2031, memory (ROM, RAM) 2032, and communication ports (IO ports) 2033. Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2027 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 2010. The electronic control unit 2010 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0128] Signals from various sensors 2021 to 2029 include current signals from the current sensor 2021 that senses motor current, front and rear wheel rotation speed signals obtained by the rotation speed sensor 2022, front and rear wheel air pressure signals obtained by the air pressure sensor 2023, vehicle speed signals obtained by the vehicle speed sensor 2024, acceleration signals obtained by the acceleration sensor 2025, accelerator pedal depression signals obtained by the accelerator pedal sensor 2029, brake pedal depression signals obtained by the brake pedal sensor 2026, shift lever operation signals obtained by the shift lever sensor 2027, and detection signals obtained by the object detection sensor 2028 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0129] The Information Services Unit 2012 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including car navigation systems, audio systems, speakers, televisions, and radios, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The Information Services Unit 2012 uses information acquired from external devices via communication modules 2013, etc., to provide various multimedia information and multimedia services to the occupants of the vehicle 2001.

[0130] The Information Services Unit 2012 may include input devices that accept input from external sources (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) and output devices that output to external sources (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.).

[0131] The driver assistance system unit 2030 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., GNSS), map information (e.g., high-definition (HD) maps, autonomous vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), Artificial Intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 2030 also sends and receives various information via the communication module 2013 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0132] The communication module 2013 can communicate with the microprocessor 2031 and components of the vehicle 2001 via its communication port. For example, the communication module 2013 sends and receives data via the communication port 2033 between the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axle 2009, the microprocessor 2031 and memory (ROM, RAM) 2032 in the electronic control unit 2010, and sensors 2021 to 2029 provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0133] The communication module 2013 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 2031 of the electronic control unit 2010 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 2013 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 2010. The external device may be, for example, a base station or a mobile station.

[0134] The communication module 2013 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 2021 to 2029 input to the electronic control unit 2010, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 2012. The electronic control unit 2010, the various sensors 2021 to 2029, the information service unit 2012, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 2013 may include information based on the above input.

[0135] The communication module 2013 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, vehicle-to-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from external devices and displays it on the information service unit 2012 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 2012 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 2013).

[0136] Furthermore, the communication module 2013 stores various information received from external devices in memory 2032, which is available to the microprocessor 2031. Based on the information stored in memory 2032, the microprocessor 2031 may control the drive unit 2002, steering unit 2003, accelerator pedal 2004, brake pedal 2005, shift lever 2006, left and right front wheels 2007, left and right rear wheels 2008, axles 2009, sensors 2021 to 2029, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 2001.

[0137] As used in this disclosure, the terms “determining” and “determining” may encompass a wide variety of actions. “Determining” may include, for example, judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, searching, or inquiring (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), or ascertaining. “Determining” may also include receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, or accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory). Furthermore, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing. In other words, "judgment" and "decision" can include considering that some action has been "judged" or "decided." Also, "judgment (decision)" can be reinterpreted as "assuming," "expecting," or "considering."

[0138] The terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be reinterpreted as “access.” As used in this disclosure, two elements may be considered to be “connected” or “coupled” with each other using at least one of one or more wires, cables, and printed electrical connections, and, in some non-limiting and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0139] The reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS and may be called Pilot depending on the applicable standard.

[0140] In this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least on."

[0141] Any reference to elements using the designations “first,” “second,” etc., as used in this disclosure does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Accordingly, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be employed, or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0142] In the configuration of each of the above devices, "means" may be replaced with "part," "circuit," "device," etc.

[0143] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0144] A wireless frame may consist of one or more frames in the time domain. Each of these frames in the time domain may be called a subframe. A subframe may further consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0145] Numerology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. Numerology may include, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0146] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). A slot may also be a time unit based on neurology.

[0147] A slot may include multiple mini-slots. Each mini-slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Mini-slots may also be called sub-slots. Mini-slots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a mini-slot may be called a PDSCH (or PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0148] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Different names may be used for each of these terms.

[0149] For example, one subframe may be called a transmission time interval (TTI), multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1 to 13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0150] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each terminal to allocate radio resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0151] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. Note that when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the given TTI.

[0152] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute the minimum time unit of scheduling may be controlled.

[0153] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may also be called a normal TTI (TTI in LTE Rel. 8-12), a long TTI, a normal subframe, a long subframe, or a slot. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may also be called a shortened TTI, a short TTI, a partial or fractional TTI, a shortened subframe, a short subframe, a mini slot, a subslot, or a slot.

[0154] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0155] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0156] Furthermore, the time domain of RB may contain one or more symbols and may be the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0157] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0158] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area of ​​one subcarrier and one symbol. A bandwidth part (BWP) (also called a partial bandwidth, etc.) may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. Here, the common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to the common reference point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within that BWP.

[0159] A BWP may include BWPs for UL (UL BWP) and BWPs for DL ​​(DL BWP). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0160] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will send or receive a given signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0161] The structures described above, such as wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within a TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0162] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0163] In this disclosure, if articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0164] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0165] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The present disclosure can be implemented in modified and altered forms without departing from the intent and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the claims. Therefore, the descriptions in the present disclosure are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way.

[0166] (Note) The disclosure described above may also be expressed as follows:

[0167] The first feature is that the central device constituting the base station may include a control unit that determines the type of system information to which the distributed devices constituting the base station apply security protection, and a transmission unit that transmits first information indicating the determined type to the distributed devices.

[0168] The second feature is that, in the first feature, the central device may include a receiving unit that receives second information from the distributed device indicating whether or not the security protection can be applied to the determined type of system information.

[0169] A third feature is that, in the first or second feature, the transmitting unit may be a central device that transmits a security key and a security algorithm for applying the security protection to the determined type of system information.

[0170] A fourth feature is that the distributed device constituting the base station may include a receiving unit that receives first information indicating the type of system information from a central device constituting the base station, and a control unit that applies security protection to the system information of the said type based on the first information.

[0171] A fifth feature is that, in the fourth feature, the distributed device may include a transmission unit that transmits third information to the central device requesting the type of system information to which the security protection is to be applied.

[0172] A sixth feature is that, in the fourth or fifth feature, the receiving unit may be a distributed device that receives a security key and a security algorithm for applying the security protection to the system information of the specified type.

[0173] 10 Wireless communication system 20 NG-RAN 30 CN 100 Base station 110 Wireless signal transmission / reception unit 120 Amplifier unit 130 Modulation / demodulation unit 140 Control signal / reference signal processing unit 150 Encoding / decoding unit 160 Data transmission / reception unit 170 Control unit 200 Terminal 210 Wireless signal transmission / reception unit 220 Control unit 300 AMF 400 NWDAF 1001 Processor 1002 Memory 1003 Storage 1004 Communication device 1005 Input device 1006 Output device 1007 Bus 2001 Vehicle 2002 Drive unit 2003 Steering unit 2004 Accelerator pedal 2005 Brake pedal 2006 Shift lever 2007 Left and right front wheels 2008 Left and right rear wheels 2009 Axle 2010 Electronic Control Unit 2012 Information Services Unit 2013 Communication Module 2021 Current Sensor 2022 Rotation Speed ​​Sensor 2023 Air Pressure Sensor 2024 Vehicle Speed ​​Sensor 2025 Acceleration Sensor 2026 Brake Pedal Sensor 2027 Shift Lever Sensor 2028 Object Detection Sensor 2029 Accelerator Pedal Sensor 2030 Driving Assistance System Unit 2031 Microprocessor 2032 Memory (ROM, RAM) 2033 Communication Port (IO Port)

Claims

1. A central device comprising a base station, the central device comprising: a control unit that determines the type of system information to which the distributed devices comprising the base station apply security protection; and a transmission unit that transmits first information indicating the determined type to the distributed devices.

2. The central device according to claim 1, further comprising a receiving unit that receives second information from the distributed device indicating whether or not the security protection can be applied to the determined type of system information.

3. The central device according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting unit transmits a security key and a security algorithm for applying the security protection to the determined type of system information.

4. A distributed device comprising a base station, the distributed device comprising: a receiving unit that receives first information indicating the type of system information from a central device comprising the base station, and a control unit that applies security protection to the system information of the said type based on the first information.

5. The distributed device according to claim 4, wherein the central device comprises a transmitting unit that transmits third information requesting the type of system information to which the security protection applies.

6. The distributed device according to claim 4, wherein the receiving unit receives a security key and a security algorithm for applying the security protection to the system information of the type.

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