Method, apparatus, and medium for point cloud coding
By offsetting spherical coordinates and generating a virtual reference frame, the method improves inter prediction in point cloud coding, addressing inefficiencies and enhancing coding efficiency and accuracy.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- DOUYIN VISION CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Existing point cloud coding techniques face inefficiencies in inter prediction, particularly when using multiple reference frames, including issues with offset values, signaling of global motion parameters, and utilization of reference frames, which affect coding efficiency and accuracy.
Implement methods to offset spherical coordinates of multiple reference PC samples and current PC samples using a shared offset value, signal global motion compensation parameters only when needed, and generate a virtual reference frame from multiple frames for improved inter prediction.
Enhances coding efficiency and accuracy by optimizing inter prediction processes, allowing for more effective utilization of reference frames and reducing unnecessary parameter signaling.
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Figure CN2025128035_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, AND MEDIUM FOR POINT CLOUD CODINGFIELDS
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate generally to point cloud coding techniques, and more particularly, to multi-reference inter prediction in point cloud compression.BACKGROUND
[0002] A point cloud is a collection of individual data points in a three-dimensional (3D) plane with each point having a set coordinate on the X, Y, and Z axes. Thus, a point cloud may be used to represent the physical content of the three-dimensional space. Point clouds have shown to be a promising way to represent 3D visual data for a wide range of immersive applications, from augmented reality to autonomous cars.
[0003] Point cloud coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of the well-known MPEG organization. MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard. The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC or VPCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points. Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC or GPCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions. However, coding efficiency of conventional point cloud coding techniques is generally expected to be further improved.SUMMARY
[0004] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for point cloud coding.
[0005] In a first aspect, a method for point cloud coding is proposed. The method comprises: determining, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a plurality of reference PC samples; in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; and performing the conversion based on the updated spherical coordinates. The method in accordance with the first aspect of the present disclosure updates the spherical coordinates of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on a same offset value.
[0006] In a second aspect, another method for point cloud coding is proposed. The method comprises: determining, for a conversion between a current PC sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, at least one reference PC sample for the current PC sample; determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; and performing the conversion based on the global motion compensation, where at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream. The method in accordance with the second aspect of the present disclosure enables signaling the parameters for the global motion compensation for each reference PC sample, when the global motion compensation is used for the reference PC sample.
[0007] In a third aspect, another method for point cloud coding is proposed. The method comprises: generating, for a conversion between a current PC sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a reference PC sample from a virtual reference frame; and performing the conversion based on the reference PC sample. The method in accordance with the third aspect of the present disclosure enables generating the reference PC sample from the virtual reference frame.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, an apparatus for point cloud coding is proposed. The apparatus comprises a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon. The instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with the first, second, or third aspect of the present disclosure.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with the first, second, or third aspect of the present disclosure.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, another non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: determining a plurality of reference PC samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; and generating the bitstream based on the updated spherical coordinates.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, another non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: determining at least one reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; and generating the bitstream based on the global motion compensation, wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, another non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is proposed. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. The method comprises: generating a reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence from a virtual reference frame; and generating the bitstream based on the reference PC sample.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, a method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence is proposed. The method comprises: determining a plurality of reference PC samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; generating the bitstream based on the updated spherical coordinates; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, a method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence is proposed. The method comprises: determining at least one reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; generating the bitstream based on the global motion compensation; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, a method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence is proposed. The method comprises: generating a reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence from a virtual reference frame; generating the bitstream based on the reference PC sample; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0016] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Through the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings, the above and other objectives, features, and advantages of example embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent. In the example embodiments of the present disclosure, the same reference numerals usually refer to the same components.
[0018] Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of an example point cloud coding system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] Fig. 2 illustrates a block diagram of an example GPCC encoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] Fig. 3 illustrates a block diagram of an example GPCC decoder in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of inter prediction for predictive geometry coding;
[0022] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of generating the reference slice when multiple reference frames are used for inter prediction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0026] Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.
[0027] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals usually refer to the same or similar elements.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0029] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0030] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an example embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0031] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0032] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. Example Environment
[0033] Fig. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates an example point cloud coding system 100 that may utilize the techniques of the present disclosure. As shown, the point cloud coding system 100 may include a source device 110 and a destination device 120. The source device 110 can be also referred to as a point cloud encoding device, and the destination device 120 can be also referred to as a point cloud decoding device. In operation, the source device 110 can be configured to generate encoded point cloud data and the destination device 120 can be configured to decode the encoded point cloud data generated by the source device 110. The techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure are generally directed to coding (encoding and / or decoding) point cloud data, i.e., to support point cloud compression. The coding may be effective in compressing and / or decompressing point cloud data.
[0034] Source device 110 and destination device 120 may comprise any of a wide range of devices, including desktop computers, notebook (i.e., laptop) computers, tablet computers, set-top boxes, telephone handsets such as smartphones and mobile phones, televisions, cameras, display devices, digital media players, video gaming consoles, video streaming devices, vehicles (e.g., terrestrial or marine vehicles, spacecraft, aircraft, etc. ) , robots, LIDAR devices, satellites, extended reality devices, or the like. In some cases, source device 110 and destination device 120 may be equipped for wireless communication.
[0035] The source device 110 may include a data source 112, a memory 114, a GPCC encoder 116, and an input / output (I / O) interface 118. The destination device 120 may include an input / output (I / O) interface 128, a GPCC decoder 126, a memory 124, and a data consumer 122. In accordance with some example embodiments of this disclosure, GPCC encoder 116 of source device 110 and GPCC decoder 126 of destination device 120 may be configured to apply the techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure related to point cloud coding. Thus, source device 110 represents an example of an encoding device, while destination device 120 represents an example of a decoding device. In other examples, source device 110 and destination device 120 may include other components or arrangements. For example, source device 110 may receive data (e.g., point cloud data) from an internal or external source. Likewise, destination device 120 may interface with an external data consumer, rather than include a data consumer in the same device.
[0036] In general, data source 112 represents a source of point cloud data (i.e., raw, unencoded point cloud data) and may provide a sequential series of “frames” of the point cloud data to GPCC encoder 116, which encodes point cloud data for the frames. In some examples, data source 112 generates the point cloud data. Data source 112 of source device 110 may include a point cloud capture device, such as any of a variety of cameras or sensors, e.g., one or more video cameras, an archive containing previously captured point cloud data, a 3D scanner or a light detection and ranging (LIDAR) device, and / or a data feed interface to receive point cloud data from a data content provider. Thus, in some examples, data source 112 may generate the point cloud data based on signals from a LIDAR apparatus. Alternatively or additionally, point cloud data may be computer-generated from scanner, camera, sensor or other data. For example, data source 112 may generate the point cloud data, or produce a combination of live point cloud data, archived point cloud data, and computer-generated point cloud data. In each case, GPCC encoder 116 encodes the captured, pre-captured, or computer-generated point cloud data. GPCC encoder 116 may rearrange frames of the point cloud data from the received order (sometimes referred to as “display order” ) into a coding order for coding. GPCC encoder 116 may generate one or more bitstreams including encoded point cloud data. Source device 110 may then output the encoded point cloud data via I / O interface 118 for reception and / or retrieval by, e.g., I / O interface 128 of destination device 120. The encoded point cloud data may be transmitted directly to destination device 120 via the I / O interface 118 through the network 130A. The encoded point cloud data may also be stored onto a storage medium / server 130B for access by destination device 120.
[0037] Memory 114 of source device 110 and memory 124 of destination device 120 may represent general purpose memories. In some examples, memory 114 and memory 124 may store raw point cloud data, e.g., raw point cloud data from data source 112 and raw, decoded point cloud data from GPCC decoder 126. Additionally or alternatively, memory 114 and memory 124 may store software instructions executable by, e.g., GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126, respectively. Although memory 114 and memory 124 are shown separately from GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 in this example, it should be understood that GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may also include internal memories for functionally similar or equivalent purposes. Furthermore, memory 114 and memory 124 may store encoded point cloud data, e.g., output from GPCC encoder 116 and input to GPCC decoder 126. In some examples, portions of memory 114 and memory 124 may be allocated as one or more buffers, e.g., to store raw, decoded, and / or encoded point cloud data. For instance, memory 114 and memory 124 may store point cloud data.
[0038] I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may represent wireless transmitters / receivers, modems, wired networking components (e.g., Ethernet cards) , wireless communication components that operate according to any of a variety of IEEE 802.11 standards, or other physical components. In examples where I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 comprise wireless components, I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded point cloud data, according to a cellular communication standard, such as 4G, 4G-LTE (Long-Term Evolution) , LTE Advanced, 5G, or the like. In some examples where I / O interface 118 comprises a wireless transmitter, I / O interface 118 and I / O interface 128 may be configured to transfer data, such as encoded point cloud data, according to other wireless standards, such as an IEEE 802.11 specification. In some examples, source device 110 and / or destination device 120 may include respective system-on-a-chip (SoC) devices. For example, source device 110 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to GPCC encoder 116 and / or I / O interface 118, and destination device 120 may include an SoC device to perform the functionality attributed to GPCC decoder 126 and / or I / O interface 128.
[0039] The techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to encoding and decoding in support of any of a variety of applications, such as communication between autonomous vehicles, communication between scanners, cameras, sensors and processing devices such as local or remote servers, geographic mapping, or other applications.
[0040] I / O interface 128 of destination device 120 receives an encoded bitstream from source device 110. The encoded bitstream may include signaling information defined by GPCC encoder 116, which is also used by GPCC decoder 126, such as syntax elements having values that represent a point cloud. Data consumer 122 uses the decoded data. For example, data consumer 122 may use the decoded point cloud data to determine the locations of physical objects. In some examples, data consumer 122 may comprise a display to present imagery based on the point cloud data.
[0041] GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 each may be implemented as any of a variety of suitable encoder and / or decoder circuitry, such as one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , discrete logic, software, hardware, firmware or any combinations thereof. When the techniques are implemented partially in software, a device may store instructions for the software in a suitable, non-transitory computer-readable medium and execute the instructions in hardware using one or more processors to perform the techniques of some example embodiments of this disclosure. Each of GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may be included in one or more encoders or decoders, either of which may be integrated as part of a combined encoder / decoder (CODEC) in a respective device. A device including GPCC encoder 116 and / or GPCC decoder 126 may comprise one or more integrated circuits, microprocessors, and / or other types of devices.
[0042] GPCC encoder 116 and GPCC decoder 126 may operate according to a coding standard, such as video point cloud compression (VPCC) standard or a geometry point cloud compression (GPCC) standard. This disclosure may generally refer to coding (e.g., encoding and decoding) of frames to include the process of encoding or decoding data. An encoded bitstream generally includes a series of values for syntax elements representative of coding decisions (e.g., coding modes) .
[0043] A point cloud may contain a set of points in a 3D space, and may have attributes associated with the point. The attributes may be color information such as R, G, B or Y, Cb, Cr, or reflectance information, or other attributes. Point clouds may be captured by a variety of cameras or sensors such as LIDAR sensors and 3D scanners and may also be computer-generated. Point cloud data are used in a variety of applications including, but not limited to, construction (modeling) , graphics (3D models for visualizing and animation) , and the automotive industry (LIDAR sensors used to help in navigation) .
[0044] Fig. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a GPCC encoder 200, which may be an example of the GPCC encoder 116 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a GPCC decoder 300, which may be an example of the GPCC decoder 126 in the system 100 illustrated in Fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0045] In both GPCC encoder 200 and GPCC decoder 300, point cloud positions are coded first. Attribute coding depends on the decoded geometry. In Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the region adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) unit 218, surface approximation analysis unit 212, RAHT unit 314 and surface approximation synthesis unit 310 are options typically used for Category 1 data. The level-of-detail (LOD) generation unit 220, lifting unit 222, LOD generation unit 316 and inverse lifting unit 318 are options typically used for Category 3 data. All the other units are common between Categories 1 and 3.
[0046] For Category 3 data, the compressed geometry is typically represented as an octree from the root all the way down to a leaf level of individual voxels. For Category 1 data, the compressed geometry is typically represented by a pruned octree (i.e., an octree from the root down to a leaf level of blocks larger than voxels) plus a model that approximates the surface within each leaf of the pruned octree. In this way, both Category 1 and 3 data share the octree coding mechanism, while Category 1 data may in addition approximate the voxels within each leaf with a surface model. The surface model used is a triangulation comprising 1-10 triangles per block, resulting in a triangle soup. The Category 1 geometry codec is therefore known as the Trisoup geometry codec, while the Category 3 geometry codec is known as the Octree geometry codec.
[0047] In the example of Fig. 2, GPCC encoder 200 may include a coordinate transform unit 202, a color transform unit 204, a voxelization unit 206, an attribute transfer unit 208, an octree analysis unit 210, a surface approximation analysis unit 212, an arithmetic encoding unit 214, a geometry reconstruction unit 216, an RAHT unit 218, a LOD generation unit 220, a lifting unit 222, a coefficient quantization unit 224, and an arithmetic encoding unit 226.
[0048] As shown in the example of Fig. 2, GPCC encoder 200 may receive a set of positions and a set of attributes. The positions may include coordinates of points in a point cloud. The attributes may include information about points in the point cloud, such as colors associated with points in the point cloud.
[0049] Coordinate transform unit 202 may apply a transform to the coordinates of the points to transform the coordinates from an initial domain to a transform domain. This disclosure may refer to the transformed coordinates as transform coordinates. Color transform unit 204 may apply a transform to convert color information of the attributes to a different domain. For example, color transform unit 204 may convert color information from an RGB color space to a YCbCr color space.
[0050] Furthermore, in the example of Fig. 2, voxelization unit 206 may voxelize the transform coordinates. Voxelization of the transform coordinates may include quantizing and removing some points of the point cloud. In other words, multiple points of the point cloud may be subsumed within a single “voxel, ” which may thereafter be treated in some respects as one point. Furthermore, octree analysis unit 210 may generate an octree based on the voxelized transform coordinates. Additionally, in the example of Fig. 2, surface approximation analysis unit 212 may analyze the points to potentially determine a surface representation of sets of the points. Arithmetic encoding unit 214 may perform arithmetic encoding on syntax elements representing the information of the octree and / or surfaces determined by surface approximation analysis unit 212. GPCC encoder 200 may output these syntax elements in a geometry bitstream.
[0051] Geometry reconstruction unit 216 may reconstruct transform coordinates of points in the point cloud based on the octree, data indicating the surfaces determined by surface approximation analysis unit 212, and / or other information. The number of transform coordinates reconstructed by geometry reconstruction unit 216 may be different from the original number of points of the point cloud because of voxelization and surface approximation. This disclosure may refer to the resulting points as reconstructed points. Attribute transfer unit 208 may transfer attributes of the original points of the point cloud to reconstructed points of the point cloud data.
[0052] Furthermore, RAHT unit 218 may apply RAHT coding to the attributes of the reconstructed points. Alternatively or additionally, LOD generation unit 220 and lifting unit 222 may apply LOD processing and lifting, respectively, to the attributes of the reconstructed points. RAHT unit 218 and lifting unit 222 may generate coefficients based on the attributes. Coefficient quantization unit 224 may quantize the coefficients generated by RAHT unit 218 or lifting unit 222. Arithmetic encoding unit 226 may apply arithmetic coding to syntax elements representing the quantized coefficients. GPCC encoder 200 may output these syntax elements in an attribute bitstream.
[0053] In the example of Fig. 3, GPCC decoder 300 may include a geometry arithmetic decoding unit 302, an attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304, an octree synthesis unit 306, an inverse quantization unit 308, a surface approximation synthesis unit 310, a geometry reconstruction unit 312, a RAHT unit 314, a LOD generation unit 316, an inverse lifting unit 318, a coordinate inverse transform unit 320, and a color inverse transform unit 322.
[0054] GPCC decoder 300 may obtain a geometry bitstream and an attribute bitstream. Geometry arithmetic decoding unit 302 of decoder 300 may apply arithmetic decoding (e.g., CABAC or other type of arithmetic decoding) to syntax elements in the geometry bitstream. Similarly, attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304 may apply arithmetic decoding to syntax elements in attribute bitstream.
[0055] Octree synthesis unit 306 may synthesize an octree based on syntax elements parsed from geometry bitstream. In instances where surface approximation is used in geometry bitstream, surface approximation synthesis unit 310 may determine a surface model based on syntax elements parsed from geometry bitstream and based on the octree.
[0056] Furthermore, geometry reconstruction unit 312 may perform a reconstruction to determine coordinates of points in a point cloud. Coordinate inverse transform unit 320 may apply an inverse transform to the reconstructed coordinates to convert the reconstructed coordinates (positions) of the points in the point cloud from a transform domain back into an initial domain.
[0057] Additionally, in the example of Fig. 3, inverse quantization unit 308 may inverse quantize attribute values. The attribute values may be based on syntax elements obtained from attribute bitstream (e.g., including syntax elements decoded by attribute arithmetic decoding unit 304) .
[0058] Depending on how the attribute values are encoded, RAHT unit 314 may perform RAHT coding to determine, based on the inverse quantized attribute values, color values for points of the point cloud. Alternatively, LOD generation unit 316 and inverse lifting unit 318 may determine color values for points of the point cloud using a level of detail-based technique.
[0059] Furthermore, in the example of Fig. 3, color inverse transform unit 322 may apply an inverse color transform to the color values. The inverse color transform may be an inverse of a color transform applied by color transform unit 204 of encoder 200. For example, color transform unit 204 may transform color information from an RGB color space to a YCbCr color space. Accordingly, color inverse transform unit 322 may transform color information from the YCbCr color space to the RGB color space.
[0060] The various units of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are illustrated to assist with understanding the operations performed by encoder 200 and decoder 300. The units may be implemented as fixed-function circuits, programmable circuits, or a combination thereof. Fixed-function circuits refer to circuits that provide particular functionality and are preset on the operations that can be performed. Programmable circuits refer to circuits that can be programmed to perform various tasks and provide flexible functionality in the operations that can be performed. For instance, programmable circuits may execute software or firmware that cause the programmable circuits to operate in the manner defined by instructions of the software or firmware. Fixed-function circuits may execute software instructions (e.g., to receive parameters or output parameters) , but the types of operations that the fixed-function circuits perform are generally immutable. In some examples, one or more of the units may be distinct circuit blocks (fixed-function or programmable) , and in some examples, one or more of the units may be integrated circuits.
[0061] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detailed hereinafter. It should be understood that section headings are used in the present document to facilitate ease of understanding and do not limit the embodiments disclosed in a section to only that section. Furthermore, while certain embodiments are described with reference to GPCC or other specific point cloud codecs, the disclosed techniques are applicable to other point cloud coding technologies also. Furthermore, while some embodiments describe point cloud coding steps in detail, it will be understood that corresponding steps decoding that undo the coding will be implemented by a decoder. 1. Brief Summary
[0062] This disclosure is related to point cloud coding technologies. Specifically, it is about multi-reference inter prediction in point cloud compression. The ideas may be applied individually or in various combination, to any point cloud coding standard or non-standard point cloud codec, e.g., the being-developed Geometry based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) . 2. Abbreviations
[0063] G-PCC Geometry based Point Cloud Compression
[0064] MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
[0065] 3DG 3D Graphics Coding Group
[0066] CFP Call for Proposal
[0067] V-PCC Video-based Point Cloud Compression
[0068] CE Core Experiment
[0069] EE Exploration Experiment
[0070] inter-EM inter Exploration Model
[0071] GOF Group of Frame
[0072] RDO Rate Distortion Optimization
[0073] GM Global Motion
[0074] QP Quantization Parameter
[0075] RA Random Access
[0076] FIFO First In First Out
[0077] OC Occupancy Code
[0078] POC Picture Order Count
[0079] PC Point Cloud. 3. Introduction
[0080] Point cloud coding standards have evolved primarily through the development of the well-known MPEG organization. MPEG, short for Moving Picture Experts Group, is one of the main standardization groups dealing with multimedia. In 2017, the MPEG 3D Graphics Coding group (3DG) published a call for proposals (CFP) document to start to develop point cloud coding standard. The final standard will consist in two classes of solutions. Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) is appropriate for point sets with a relatively uniform distribution of points. Geometry-based Point Cloud Compression (G-PCC) is appropriate for more sparse distributions.
[0081] To explore the future point cloud coding technologies in G-PCC, Core Experiment (CE) 13.5 and Exploration Experiment (EE) 13.2 were formed to develop inter prediction technologies in G-PCC. Since then, many new inter prediction methods have been adopted by MPEG and put into the reference software named inter Exploration Model (inter-EM) .
[0082] In one point cloud frame, there are many data points to describe the 3D objects or scenes. For each data point, there may be corresponding geometry information and attribute information. Geometry information is used to record the spatial location of the data point. Attribute information is used to record more details of the data point, such as texture, normal vector and reflection. In inter-EM, there are some optional tools to support the inter prediction coding and decoding of geometry information and attribute information respectively.
[0083] For attribute information, the codec uses the attribute information of the reference points to perform the inter prediction for each point in current frame. The reference points are selected from the data points in current frame and reference frame based on the geometric distance of points. Each reference point corresponds to one weight value which is based on the geometric distance from the current point. The predicted attribute value can be the weighted average value of or one of the attribute values of the reference points. The decision on predicted attribute value is based on Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) methods.
[0084] For geometry information, there are two main methods to perform the inter prediction coding, which are octree based method and predictive tree based method.
[0085] In the first method, the geometry information is represented by octree structures and the occupancy code (OC) of each node. For each node in the octree of the current frame, the codec will decide whether to perform octagonal division or not based on the number of points in the current node. The same division will be performed on the corresponding reference node in the reference frame. At the same time, the occupancy codes of the current node and the reference node will be calculated. The codec will use the occupancy code of the reference node to perform the prediction coding for the occupancy code of the current node.
[0086] In the second method, the points in the point cloud are sorted to form a predictive tree. Fig. 4 illustrates an example of inter prediction for predictive geometry coding. As shown in Fig. 4, in a current frame 420, for each point, the previous decoded point will be chosen as point A. Then the point in a reference frame 410 with the same scaled azimuth and laser ID as point A will be selected as point B. At last, the point in the reference frame 410 which is the first point that has scaled azimuth greater than that of point B will be chosen as point C. The codec will use the geometry information of the point C to perform the prediction coding for the geometry information of the current point.
[0087] In current G-PCC, when the attribute inter prediction is enabled and the coordinates for attribute coding are in the spherical coordinate system, the coordinates of the current frame and the coordinates of the reference frame are shift with one same offset value. The offset value is the minimum value between the minimum coordinate of the current frame and the offset value used for previously used offset value. 4. Problems
[0088] The existing designs for inter prediction with multiple reference frames have the following problems: 1. In current design, when the attribute inter prediction is enabled and the coordinates for attribute coding are in the spherical coordinate system, the coordinates of the current PC sample and the coordinates of one reference PC sample are using one same offset value. The offset value is the minimum value be-tween the minimum coordinate of the current PC sample and the previously used offset value. However, when bi-prediction is enabled, the previously used offset value may be not the offset value used for the reference frame. And the second reference frame is not offset. 2. In current design, when bi-prediction is enabled and the global motion information for predictive ge-ometry coding is not used, the parameters to indicate the global motion information are always signaled. However, there is no need to signal the parameters when the global motion information is not used. 3. In current design, when bi-prediction is enabled and the attribute inter prediction is enabled, the refer-ence PC sample for attribute inter prediction is cut from the first reference frame. The reference infor-mation from the second reference frame is not used. 5. Detailed Solutions
[0089] To solve the above problems and some other problems not mentioned, methods as summarized below are disclosed. The embodiments should be considered as examples to explain the general concepts and should not be interpreted in a narrow way. Furthermore, these embodiments may be applied individually or combined in any manner.
[0090] In the following discussions, the term “PC sample” refer to the unit that performs prediction coding in the point cloud sequence coding, such as frame / picture / slice / tile / subpicture / node / point / other units that contains one or more nodes or points. 1) It is proposed to offset the spherical coordinates of multiple reference PC sample and current PC sample by one same offset value when the attribute inter prediction is enabled and in the spherical coordinate system. a. In one example, the offset value may be determined as the minimum value between the minimum spherical coordinate of the current PC sample and the offset values used for coding the multiple reference PC samples. i. For each PC sample, there may be one offset value when code the PC sample. ii. For each PC sample, the offset value of each PC sample may be recorded. iii. In one example, for each reference PC sample, the difference between the determined off-set value and the used offset value of the reference PC sample may be calculated. iv. In one example, for each reference PC sample, the coordinates may be offset by the differ-ence. b. In one example, the coordinates of multiple reference PC samples after offset may be merged to generate the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample, which are used for attribute inter pre-diction. c. In one example, the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample, which is merged from multiple reference PC samples, may be offset and then used for attribute inter prediction. 2) It is proposed to signal the parameters for the global motion compensation for each reference PC sample, when the global motion compensation is used for the reference PC sample. a. In one example, there may be at least one indicator to indicate whether the global motion compen-sation is used for one reference PC sample. b. In one example, there may be at least one indicator to derive whether the global motion compensa-tion is used for one reference PC sample. c. In one example, for each reference PC sample, there may be multiple parameters which are used to derive the global motion compensation. i. In one example, there may be some parameters to indicate the global motion information. ii. In one example, there may be some parameters to derive which points are applied with global motion compensation. iii. In one example, the above parameters may be signalled only when the global motion is used for the reference PC sample. 1. In one example, the parameters may be coded with fixed-length coding, unary coding, truncated unary coding, etc. al. 2. In one example, the parameters may be coding in a predictive way. 3) It is proposed to generate the reference PC sample from the virtual reference frame. a. In one example, the multiple reference frames for attribute coding may be merged into one virtual reference frame when the inter prediction with multiple reference frames is enabled. b. In one example, the reference PC sample may be generated from the virtual reference frame based on the geometry information of the current PC sample. i. In one example, the bounding box of the current PC sample may be calculated. ii. In one example, if one point in the virtual reference frame is in the bounding box of the current PC sample, the point is included in the reference PC sample. 4) Whether to and / or how to apply a method disclosed above may be signaled from encoder to decoder in a bitstream / frame / tile / slice / octree / etc. 5) Whether to and / or how to apply the disclosed methods above may be dependent on coded information, such as dimensions, colour format, colour component, slice / picture type. 6. Embodiments
[0091] This embodiment describes an example of how to generate the reference slice from the virtual reference frame. Fig. 5 illustrates an example flowchart showing an example process 500 of generating the reference slice when multiple reference frames are used for inter prediction in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may be implemented by an electronic device or a computing device such as a point cloud coding device.
[0092] As shown, at block 510, multiple reference frames are merged into one virtual reference frame. At block 520, for each slice in the current frame of a point cloud sequence, the bounding box of the current slice is calculated. At block 530, for each point in the virtual reference frame, whether the point is in the bounding box of the current slice is determined. If the point is in the bounding box, at block 540, the point is included in the reference slice. Otherwise, if the point is not in the bounding box, at block 550, no process may be performed on the point. For example, the point may not be included in the reference slice.
[0093] Further embodiments will be described with reference to Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 below.
[0094] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 600 is implemented during a conversion between a video unit of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence.
[0095] At block 610, for a conversion between a current PC sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a plurality of reference PC samples are determined. As used herein, the term “PC sample” may refer to a unit that performs prediction coding in the point cloud sequence coding. Examples of the PC sample may include but not be limited to a frame, a slice, a picture, a tile, a subpicture, a node, a point, or a unit containing one or more nodes or points.
[0096] At block 620, if an attribute inter prediction is enabled for example for the current PC sample, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample are updated in a spherical coordinate system based on an offset value. For example, a same offset value may be applied to the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample. The spherical coordinates may include angular coordinates, and the like. It is to be understood that some embodiments will be applied to other coordinate systems than the spherical coordinate system in a similar way.
[0097] At block 630, the conversion is performed based on the updated spherical coordinates. In some embodiments, the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0098] The method 600 enables offsetting coordinates the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample by a same offset value when attribute inter prediction is enabled. In an example, a PC sample may include a frame of the point cloud sequence. When bi-prediction is enabled, both reference frames may be updated or offset by a same offset value. Some embodiments will be described with reference to the PC sample being a frame, but these embodiments will be also applied to other types of PC samples.
[0099] In some embodiments, the offset value may be determined as a minimum value between a minimum spherical coordinate of the current PC sample and at least one offset value used for coding the plurality of reference PC samples.
[0100] In some embodiments, a plurality of respective offset values are used for coding a plurality of PC samples of the point cloud sequence. For each PC sample, there may be one offset value when coding the PC sample.
[0101] In some embodiments, a plurality of respective offset values for coding a plurality of PC samples of the point cloud sequence are recorded. The offset value of each PC sample may be recorded.
[0102] In some embodiments, updating the spherical coordinates comprises: determining, for a reference PC sample of the plurality of reference PC samples, a difference between the offset value and a further offset value for coding the reference PC sample; and updating the spherical coordinates of the reference PC sample based on the difference. For example, for each reference PC sample, the difference between the determined offset value and the used offset value of the reference PC sample may be calculated. For each reference PC sample, the coordinates may be offset by the difference.
[0103] By way example, assuming the PC sample being a slice and the minimum angular coordinates of the current slice being denoted by MinCurAng [k] , then the point’s angular coordinates may be offset by MinAng [k] and then may be scaled. In some embodiments, the negative coordinate after conversion may be clipped to 0.
[0104] In an example, if geom_tree_type is equal to 1 and a syntax element such as slice_attr_inter_prediction is equal to 1, the point’s angular coordinates may be offset by the minimum value between MinCurAng [k] and previously applied offset value MinRefAng [k] .
[0105] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: generating coordinates of a virtual reference PC sample by merging the updated spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples; and performing the attribute inter prediction for the current PC sample based on the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample. For example, the coordinates of multiple reference PC samples after offset may be merged to generate the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample, which are used for attribute inter prediction.
[0106] In some embodiments, the method 600 further comprises: generating coordinates of a virtual reference PC sample by merging the spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples; updating the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample based on the offset value; and performing the attribute inter prediction for the current PC sample based on the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample. For example, the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample, which is merged from multiple reference PC samples, may be offset and then used for attribute inter prediction.
[0107] According to further embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. In the method, a plurality of reference PC samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence are determined. If an attribute inter prediction is enabled, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample are updated in a spherical coordinate system based on an offset value. The bitstream is generated based on the updated spherical coordinates.
[0108] According to still further embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for storing bitstream of a point cloud sequence is provided. In the method, a plurality of reference PC samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence are determined. If an attribute inter prediction is enabled, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample are updated in a spherical coordinate system based on an offset value. The bitstream is generated based on the updated spherical coordinates. The bitstream is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0109] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 700 is implemented during a conversion between a video unit of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence.
[0110] At block 710, for a conversion between a current PC sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, at least one reference PC sample for the current PC sample is determined.
[0111] At block 720, it is determined that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample. At least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0112] At block 730, the conversion is performed based on the global motion compensation. In some embodiments, the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0113] The method 700 enables signaling the parameters for the global motion compensation for each reference PC sample, when the global motion compensation is used for the reference PC sample.
[0114] In some embodiments, the at least one parameter may include at least one indicator indicating whether the global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample. For example, the at least one indicator comprises an indicator such as slice_inter_Frame_Ref_gmc indicating whether an inter prediction global motion compensation (GMC) reference frame is to be applied to a geometry data unit (GDU) unit associated with a GDU header. The indicator slice_inter_frame_ref_gmc [idx ] specifies whether (when 1) or not (when 0) the inter prediction GMC reference frame to be applied to the GDU unit associated with the GDU header. When slice_inter_frame_ref_gmc [idx ] is not present, it may be inferred to be 0.
[0115] In some embodiments, the at least one parameter may include at least one indicator, and whether the global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample is derived from the at least one indicator. For each reference PC sample, there may be multiple parameters which are used to derive the global motion compensation.
[0116] In some embodiments, for a reference PC sample of the at least one reference PC sample, the at least one parameter comprises a plurality of parameter for deriving the global motion compensation.
[0117] In an example, the plurality of parameters include at least one first parameter indicating global motion information. For example, the at least one first parameter includes a motion compensation matrix (denoted as gm_matrix) , and / or a motion compensation offset (denoted as gm_trans) . The syntax element gm_matrix [idx ] [i ] [j ] and gm_trans [idx ] [i ] specify the motion compensation parameters in the form of a matrix and an offset that is to be applied when global motion is enabled. When gm_matrix [idx ] [i ] [j ] is not present, it is inferred to be 0. When gm_trans [idx ] [i ] is not present, it is inferred to be 0. The global motion matrix is specified by the expression GMMatrix [idx ] [i ] [j ] .
[0118] In some embodiments, the plurality of parameters include at least one second parameter indicating a set of points to which the global motion compensation is applied.
[0119] By way of example, the at least one second parameter includes one or more of the following: at least one threshold for determining the set of points (such as gm_thres_top and / or gm_thres_bot) , a motion partition type (denoted as motion_partition_type) for determining the set of points, an original position (denoted as motion_zero_origin) used in the global motion compensation, or a partition block size (denoted as motion_block_size) used in the global motion compensation. The syntax element gm_thres_top [idx ] and gm_thres_bot [idx ] specify the two thresholds used to determine the points to which motion compensation is applied. motion_partition_type equal to 0 specifies that road and object partitioning shall be used to determine the points for which global motion compensation is to be applied. motion_partition_type equal to 1 specifies that cuboid partitioning shall be used to determine the points for which global motion compensation is to be applied. The variable MotionPartitionType is set equal to -1 when motion_partition_type is not present and set equal to motion_partition_type when present. motion_zero_origin equal to 1 specifies that the origin position {0, 0, 0} shall be used in global motion compensation using cuboid partitioning. motion_zero_origin equal to 0 specifies that the origin position seq_origin_xyz shall be used in global motion compensation using cuboid partitioning. motion_block_size [k] specifies the partition block size that is to be used in global motion compensation using cuboid partitioning. When motion_block_size [k] is equal to 0, the block size in the k-th dimension is equal to the size the k-th dimension of the slice bounding box.
[0120] In some embodiments, the at least one parameter is included in the bitstream in response to global motion is used for the at least one reference PC sample. For example, the above parameters may be signalled only when the global motion is used for the reference PC sample. In an example, if slice_inter_frame_ref_gmc is equal to 1, the above parameters may be included in the bistream. In this manner, if the global motion compensation is disabled or if the global motion information is not used, the one or more above parameters may not be included or signalled in the bitstream. The signaling overhead or bitstream overhead can thus be reduced.
[0121] In some embodiments, the at least one parameter is coded with at least one of: a fixed-length coding, a unary coding, or a truncated unary coding. In some embodiments, the at least one parameter is coded in a predictive manner.
[0122] According to further embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. In the method, at least one reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence is determined. It is determined that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample. The bitstream is generated based on the global motion compensation. At least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0123] According to still further embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for storing bitstream of a point cloud sequence is provided. In the method, at least one reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence is determined. It is determined that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample. The bitstream is generated based on the global motion compensation. At least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream. The bitstream is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0124] Fig. 8 illustrates a flowchart of a method 800 for point cloud coding in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 800 is implemented during a conversion between a video unit of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence.
[0125] At block 810, for a conversion between a current PC sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a reference PC sample is generated from a virtual reference frame.
[0126] At block 820, the conversion is performed based on the reference PC sample. In some embodiments, the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0127] The method 800 enables generating the reference PC sample from the virtual reference frame.
[0128] In some embodiments, the method 800 further comprises: in response to an inter prediction with multiple reference frames is enabled, generating the virtual reference frame by merging the multiple reference frames. For example, multiple reference frames for attribute coding may be merged into one virtual reference frame when the inter prediction with multiple reference frames is enabled. In this manner, when bi-prediction is enabled and the attribute inter prediction is enabled, the reference PC sample for attribute inter prediction is generated from the virtual reference frame instead of cutting from the first reference frame without using the second reference frame. The coding effectiveness may thus be improved.
[0129] In some embodiments, the multiple reference frames comprise a first reference frame and a second reference frame, and the virtual reference frame may be generated by merging geometry coordinates for attribute coding of the first and second reference frames and merging reconstructed attributes of the first and second reference frames.
[0130] In an example embodiment, when biprediction_enabled is 1 or 2, the geometry coordinates for attribute coding CloudAttrPos and the reconstructed attributes RecCloudAttr are indicated by the notional frame counter to be used as the reference frame for subsequent point cloud frames.
[0131] The geometry coordinates for attribute coding of the first original reference frame are stored in the array RefCloudAttrPosFirst [ptIdx] [k] . The attributes of the first original reference original frame are stored in the array RefCloudAttrFirst [ptIdx] [k] . The number of points in the first original reference frame is specified by the variable refCloudPointCntFirst. The geometry coordinates for attribute coding of the second original reference frame are stored in the array RefCloudAttrPosSecond [ptIdx] [k] . The attributes of the second original reference frame are stored in the array RefCloudAttrSecond [ptIdx] [k] . The number of points in the second original reference frame is specifies by the variable refCloudPointCntSecond.
[0132] RefCloudAttrPos and RefCloudAttr are determined as follows: · when slice_biprediction is 1, slice_attr_inter_prediction2 is 1 and slice_attr_inter_prediction is 0, RefCloudAttrPos is set equal to RefCloudAttrPosSecond, and RefCloudAttr is set equal to RefCloudAttrSecond; · when slice_biprediction is 1, slice_attr_inter_prediction2 is 1 and slice_attr_inter_prediction is 1, the reference frame is set equal to the fusion of the two original reference frames: · otherwise, RefCloudAttrPos is set equal to RefCloudAttrPosFirst, and RefCloudAttr is set equal to RefCloudAttrFirst.
[0133] In some embodiments, the reference PC sample may be generated based on geometry information of the current PC sample. For example, the reference PC sample may be generated by obtaining a bounding box of the current PC sample based on the geometry information of the current PC sample; and in response to a candidate point in the virtual reference frame being in the bounding box, including the candidate point in the reference PC sample. Details of the generation of the reference PC sample is similar to the process 500 in Fig. 5, and will not be repeated here.
[0134] In some embodiments, the reference PC sample includes a reference slice, the current PC sample includes a current slice. Attribute values and coordinates of the reference slice are derived based on the bounding box of coordinates of the current slice.
[0135] In an example embodiment, the attribute values and coordinates of the reference slice may be derived based on the bounding box of the coordinates of the current slice. The number of points in the reference slice is specified by the variable refPointCnt. By way of example, the derivation of the attributes and coordinates of the reference slice is illustrated as below:
[0136] According to further embodiments of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus. In the method, a reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence is generated from a virtual reference frame. The bitstream is generated based on the reference PC sample.
[0137] According to still further embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for storing bitstream of a point cloud sequence is provided. In the method, a reference PC sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence is generated from a virtual reference frame. The bitstream is generated based on the reference PC sample. The bitstream is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0138] It is to be understood that the method 600 and / or the method 700 and / or the method 800 may be applied separately, or in any combination. For example, the plurality of reference PC samples used in the method 600 may be generated by using the method 800. The method 700 may be used for the reference PC sample generated by the method 800. Embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited here.
[0139] In some embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply the method 600 and / or the method 700 and / or the method 800 may be indicated in one or more of the following: the bitstream, or a frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree in the bitstream.
[0140] In some embodiments, whether to and / or how to apply the method 600 and / or the method 700 and / or the method 800 may be based on coded information. For example, the coded information may include one or more of the following: dimension information, a color format, a color component, a slice type or a picture type.
[0141] Implementations of the present disclosure can be described in view of the following clauses, the features of which can be combined in any reasonable manner.
[0142] Clause 1. A method for point cloud coding, comprising: determining, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a plurality of reference PC samples; in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; and performing the conversion based on the updated spherical coordinates.
[0143] Clause 2. The method of clause 1, wherein the offset value is determined as a minimum value between a minimum spherical coordinate of the current PC sample and at least one offset value used for coding the plurality of reference PC samples.
[0144] Clause 3. The method of clause 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of respective offset values are used for coding a plurality of PC samples of the point cloud sequence.
[0145] Clause 4. The method of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of respective offset values for coding a plurality of PC samples of the point cloud sequence are recorded.
[0146] Clause 5. The method of any of clauses 1 to 4, wherein updating the spherical coordinates comprises: determining, for a reference PC sample of the plurality of reference PC samples, a difference between the offset value and a further offset value for coding the reference PC sample; and updating the spherical coordinates of the reference PC sample based on the difference.
[0147] Clause 6. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, further comprising: generating coordinates of a virtual reference PC sample by merging the updated spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples; and performing the attribute inter prediction for the current PC sample based on the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample.
[0148] Clause 7. The method of any of clauses 1 to 5, further comprising: generating coordinates of a virtual reference PC sample by merging the spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples; updating the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample based on the offset value; and performing the attribute inter prediction for the current PC sample based on the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample.
[0149] Clause 8. A method for point cloud coding, comprising: determining, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, at least one reference PC sample for the current PC sample; determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; and performing the conversion based on the global motion compensation, wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0150] Clause 9. The method of clause 8, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one indicator indicating whether the global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample.
[0151] Clause 10. The method of clause 9, wherein the at least one indicator comprises an indicator indicating whether an inter prediction global motion compensation (GMC) reference frame is to be applied to a geometry data unit (GDU) unit associated with a GDU header.
[0152] Clause 11. The method of clause 8, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one indicator, and whether the global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample is derived from the at least one indicator.
[0153] Clause 12. The method of any of clauses 8 to 11, wherein for a reference PC sample of the at least one reference PC sample, the at least one parameter comprises a plurality of parameter for deriving the global motion compensation.
[0154] Clause 13. The method of clause 12, wherein the plurality of parameters comprise at least one first parameter indicating global motion information.
[0155] Clause 14. The method of clause 13, wherein the at least one first parameter comprises at least one of:a motion compensation matrix, or a motion compensation offset.
[0156] Clause 15. The method of clause 12, wherein the plurality of parameters comprise at least one second parameter indicating a set of points to which the global motion compensation is applied.
[0157] Clause 16. The method of clause 15, wherein the at least one second parameter comprises at least one of: at least one threshold for determining the set of points, a motion partition type for determining the set of points, an original position used in the global motion compensation, or a partition block size used in the global motion compensation.
[0158] Clause 17. The method of any of clauses 8 to 16, wherein the at least one parameter is included in the bitstream in response to global motion is used for the at least one reference PC sample.
[0159] Clause 18. The method of any of clauses 8 to 17, wherein the at least one parameter is coded with at least one of: a fixed-length coding, a unary coding, or a truncated unary coding.
[0160] Clause 19. The method of any of clauses 8 to 17, wherein the at least one parameter is coded in a predictive manner.
[0161] Clause 20. A method for point cloud coding, comprising: generating, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a reference PC sample from a virtual reference frame; and performing the conversion based on the reference PC sample.
[0162] Clause 21. The method of clause 20, further comprising: in response to an inter prediction with multiple reference frames is enabled, generating the virtual reference frame by merging the multiple reference frames.
[0163] Clause 22. The method of clause 21, wherein the multiple reference frames comprise a first reference frame and a second reference frame, and the virtual reference frame is generated by merging geometry coordinates for attribute coding of the first and second reference frames and merging reconstructed attributes of the first and second reference frames.
[0164] Clause 23. The method of any of clauses 20 to 22, wherein the reference PC sample is generated based on geometry information of the current PC sample.
[0165] Clause 24. The method of clause 23, wherein generating the reference PC sample comprises: obtaining a bounding box of the current PC sample based on the geometry information of the current PC sample; and in response to a candidate point in the virtual reference frame being in the bounding box, including the candidate point in the reference PC sample.
[0166] Clause 25. The method of clause 24, wherein the reference PC sample comprises a reference slice, the current PC sample comprises a current slice, and attribute values and coordinates of the reference slice are derived based on the bounding box of coordinates of the current slice.
[0167] Clause 26. The method of any of clauses 1 to 25, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in at least one of: the bitstream, or a frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree in the bitstream.
[0168] Clause 27. The method of any of clauses 1 to 26, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is based on coded information, the coded information comprising at least one of: dimension information, a color format, a color component, a slice type or a picture type.
[0169] Clause 28. The method of any of clauses 1 to 27, wherein a PC sample comprises one of: a frame, a slice, a picture, a tile, a subpicture, a node, a point, or a unit containing one or more nodes or points.
[0170] Clause 29. The method of any of clauses 1-28, wherein the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream.
[0171] Clause 30. The method of any of clauses 1-28, wherein the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.
[0172] Clause 31. An apparatus for processing point cloud data comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-30.
[0173] Clause 32. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of clauses 1-30.
[0174] Clause 33. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining a plurality of reference point cloud (PC) samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; and generating the bitstream based on the updated spherical coordinates.
[0175] Clause 34. A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising: determining a plurality of reference point cloud (PC) samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; generating the bitstream based on the updated spherical coordinates; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.
[0176] Clause 35. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: determining at least one reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; and generating the bitstream based on the global motion compensation, wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0177] Clause 36. A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising: determining at least one reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence; determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; generating the bitstream based on the global motion compensation; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium, wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.
[0178] Clause 37. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises: generating a reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence from a virtual reference frame; and generating the bitstream based on the reference PC sample.
[0179] Clause 38. A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising: generating a reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence from a virtual reference frame; generating the bitstream based on the reference PC sample; and storing the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. Example Device
[0180] Fig. 9 illustrates a block diagram of a computing device 900 in which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The computing device 900 may be implemented as or included in the source device 110 (or the GPCC encoder 116 or 200) or the destination device 120 (or the GPCC decoder 126 or 300) .
[0181] It would be appreciated that the computing device 900 shown in Fig. 9 is merely for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation to the functions and scopes of the embodiments of the present disclosure in any manner.
[0182] As shown in Fig. 9, the computing device 900 includes a general-purpose computing device 900. The computing device 900 may at least comprise one or more processors or processing units 910, a memory 920, a storage unit 930, one or more communication units 940, one or more input devices 950, and one or more output devices 960.
[0183] In some embodiments, the computing device 900 may be implemented as any user terminal or server terminal having the computing capability. The server terminal may be a server, a large-scale computing device or the like that is provided by a service provider. The user terminal may for example be any type of mobile terminal, fixed terminal, or portable terminal, including a mobile phone, station, unit, device, multimedia computer, multimedia tablet, Internet node, communicator, desktop computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, personal communication system (PCS) device, personal navigation device, personal digital assistant (PDA) , audio / video player, digital camera / video camera, positioning device, television receiver, radio broadcast receiver, E-book device, gaming device, or any combination thereof, including the accessories and peripherals of these devices, or any combination thereof. It would be contemplated that the computing device 900 can support any type of interface to a user (such as “wearable” circuitry and the like) .
[0184] The processing unit 910 may be a physical or virtual processor and can implement various processes based on programs stored in the memory 920. In a multi-processor system, multiple processing units execute computer executable instructions in parallel so as to improve the parallel processing capability of the computing device 900. The processing unit 910 may also be referred to as a central processing unit (CPU) , a microprocessor, a controller or a microcontroller.
[0185] The computing device 900 typically includes various computer storage medium. Such medium can be any medium accessible by the computing device 900, including, but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile medium, or detachable and non-detachable medium. The memory 920 can be a volatile memory (for example, a register, cache, Random Access Memory (RAM) ) , a non-volatile memory (such as a Read-Only Memory (ROM) , Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM) , or a flash memory) , or any combination thereof. The storage unit 930 may be any detachable or non-detachable medium and may include a machine-readable medium such as a memory, flash memory drive, magnetic disk or another other media, which can be used for storing information and / or data and can be accessed in the computing device 900.
[0186] The computing device 900 may further include additional detachable / non-detachable, volatile / non-volatile memory medium. Although not shown in Fig. 9, it is possible to provide a magnetic disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable and non-volatile magnetic disk and an optical disk drive for reading from and / or writing into a detachable non-volatile optical disk. In such cases, each drive may be connected to a bus (not shown) via one or more data medium interfaces.
[0187] The communication unit 940 communicates with a further computing device via the communication medium. In addition, the functions of the components in the computing device 900 can be implemented by a single computing cluster or multiple computing machines that can communicate via communication connections. Therefore, the computing device 900 can operate in a networked environment using a logical connection with one or more other servers, networked personal computers (PCs) or further general network nodes.
[0188] The input device 950 may be one or more of a variety of input devices, such as a mouse, keyboard, tracking ball, voice-input device, and the like. The output device 960 may be one or more of a variety of output devices, such as a display, loudspeaker, printer, and the like. By means of the communication unit 940, the computing device 900 can further communicate with one or more external devices (not shown) such as the storage devices and display device, with one or more devices enabling the user to interact with the computing device 900, or any devices (such as a network card, a modem and the like) enabling the computing device 900 to communicate with one or more other computing devices, if required. Such communication can be performed via input / output (I / O) interfaces (not shown) .
[0189] In some embodiments, instead of being integrated in a single device, some or all components of the computing device 900 may also be arranged in cloud computing architecture. In the cloud computing architecture, the components may be provided remotely and work together to implement the functionalities described in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, cloud computing provides computing, software, data access and storage service, which will not require end users to be aware of the physical locations or configurations of the systems or hardware providing these services. In various embodiments, the cloud computing provides the services via a wide area network (such as Internet) using suitable protocols. For example, a cloud computing provider provides applications over the wide area network, which can be accessed through a web browser or any other computing components. The software or components of the cloud computing architecture and corresponding data may be stored on a server at a remote position. The computing resources in the cloud computing environment may be merged or distributed at locations in a remote data center. Cloud computing infrastructures may provide the services through a shared data center, though they behave as a single access point for the users. Therefore, the cloud computing architectures may be used to provide the components and functionalities described herein from a service provider at a remote location. Alternatively, they may be provided from a conventional server or installed directly or otherwise on a client device.
[0190] The computing device 900 may be used to implement point cloud encoding / decoding in embodiments of the present disclosure. The memory 920 may include one or more point cloud coding modules 925 having one or more program instructions. These modules are accessible and executable by the processing unit 910 to perform the functionalities of the various embodiments described herein.
[0191] In the example embodiments of performing point cloud encoding, the input device 950 may receive point cloud data as an input 970 to be encoded. The point cloud data may be processed, for example, by the point cloud coding module 925, to generate an encoded bitstream. The encoded bitstream may be provided via the output device 960 as an output 980.
[0192] In the example embodiments of performing point cloud decoding, the input device 950 may receive an encoded bitstream as the input 970. The encoded bitstream may be processed, for example, by the point cloud coding module 925, to generate decoded point cloud data. The decoded point cloud data may be provided via the output device 960 as the output 980.
[0193] While this disclosure has been particularly shown and described with references to example embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application as defined by the appended claims. Such variations are intended to be covered by the scope of this present application. As such, the foregoing description of embodiments of the present application is not intended to be limiting.
Claims
1.A method for point cloud coding, comprising:determining, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a plurality of reference PC samples;in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; andperforming the conversion based on the updated spherical coordinates.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the offset value is determined as a minimum value between a minimum spherical coordinate of the current PC sample and at least one offset value used for coding the plurality of reference PC samples.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein a plurality of respective offset values are used for coding a plurality of PC samples of the point cloud sequence.4.The method of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of respective offset values for coding a plurality of PC samples of the point cloud sequence are recorded.5.The method of any of claims 1 to 4, wherein updating the spherical coordinates comprises:determining, for a reference PC sample of the plurality of reference PC samples, a difference between the offset value and a further offset value for coding the reference PC sample; andupdating the spherical coordinates of the reference PC sample based on the difference.6.The method of any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:generating coordinates of a virtual reference PC sample by merging the updated spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples; andperforming the attribute inter prediction for the current PC sample based on the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample.7.The method of any of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:generating coordinates of a virtual reference PC sample by merging the spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples;updating the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample based on the offset value; andperforming the attribute inter prediction for the current PC sample based on the coordinates of the virtual reference PC sample.8.A method for point cloud coding, comprising:determining, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, at least one reference PC sample for the current PC sample;determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; andperforming the conversion based on the global motion compensation,wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one indicator indicating whether the global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample.10.The method of claim 9, wherein the at least one indicator comprises an indicator indicating whether an inter prediction global motion compensation (GMC) reference frame is to be applied to a geometry data unit (GDU) unit associated with a GDU header.11.The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one indicator, and whether the global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample is derived from the at least one indicator.12.The method of any of claims 8 to 11, wherein for a reference PC sample of the at least one reference PC sample, the at least one parameter comprises a plurality of parameter for deriving the global motion compensation.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of parameters comprise at least one first parameter indicating global motion information.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one first parameter comprises at least one of:a motion compensation matrix, ora motion compensation offset.15.The method of claim 12, wherein the plurality of parameters comprise at least one second parameter indicating a set of points to which the global motion compensation is applied.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the at least one second parameter comprises at least one of:at least one threshold for determining the set of points,a motion partition type for determining the set of points,an original position used in the global motion compensation, ora partition block size used in the global motion compensation.17.The method of any of claims 8 to 16, wherein the at least one parameter is included in the bitstream in response to global motion is used for the at least one reference PC sample.18.The method of any of claims 8 to 17, wherein the at least one parameter is coded with at least one of: a fixed-length coding, a unary coding, or a truncated unary coding.19.The method of any of claims 8 to 17, wherein the at least one parameter is coded in a predictive manner.20.A method for point cloud coding, comprising:generating, for a conversion between a current point cloud (PC) sample of a point cloud sequence and a bitstream of the point cloud sequence, a reference PC sample from a virtual reference frame; andperforming the conversion based on the reference PC sample.21.The method of claim 20, further comprising:in response to an inter prediction with multiple reference frames is enabled, generating the virtual reference frame by merging the multiple reference frames.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the multiple reference frames comprise a first reference frame and a second reference frame, and the virtual reference frame is generated by merging geometry coordinates for attribute coding of the first and second reference frames and merging reconstructed attributes of the first and second reference frames.23.The method of any of claims 20 to 22, wherein the reference PC sample is generated based on geometry information of the current PC sample.24.The method of claim 23, wherein generating the reference PC sample comprises:obtaining a bounding box of the current PC sample based on the geometry information of the current PC sample; andin response to a candidate point in the virtual reference frame being in the bounding box, including the candidate point in the reference PC sample.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the reference PC sample comprises a reference slice, the current PC sample comprises a current slice, and attribute values and coordinates of the reference slice are derived based on the bounding box of coordinates of the current slice.26.The method of any of claims 1 to 25, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is indicated in at least one of: the bitstream, or a frame, a tile, a slice, or an octree in the bitstream.27.The method of any of claims 1 to 26, wherein whether to and / or how to apply the method is based on coded information, the coded information comprising at least one of: dimension information, a color format, a color component, a slice type or a picture type.28.The method of any of claims 1 to 27, wherein a PC sample comprises one of: a frame, a slice, a picture, a tile, a subpicture, a node, a point, or a unit containing one or more nodes or points.29.The method of any of claims 1-28, wherein the conversion includes encoding the current PC sample into the bitstream.30.The method of any of claims 1-28, wherein the conversion includes decoding the current PC sample from the bitstream.31.An apparatus for point cloud coding comprising a processor and a non-transitory memory with instructions thereon, wherein the instructions upon execution by the processor, cause the processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-30.32.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that cause a processor to perform a method in accordance with any of claims 1-30.33.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises:determining a plurality of reference point cloud (PC) samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence;in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value; andgenerating the bitstream based on the updated spherical coordinates.34.A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising:determining a plurality of reference point cloud (PC) samples for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence;in response to an attribute inter prediction being enabled, updating, in a spherical coordinate system, spherical coordinates of the plurality of reference PC samples and the current PC sample based on an offset value;generating the bitstream based on the updated spherical coordinates; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.35.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises:determining at least one reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence;determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample; andgenerating the bitstream based on the global motion compensation,wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.36.A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising:determining at least one reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence;determining that a global motion compensation is used for the at least one reference PC sample;generating the bitstream based on the global motion compensation; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium,wherein at least one parameter associated with the global motion compensation for the at least one reference sample is included in the bitstream.37.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence which is generated by a method performed by a point cloud processing apparatus, wherein the method comprises:generating a reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence from a virtual reference frame; andgenerating the bitstream based on the reference PC sample.38.A method for storing a bitstream of a point cloud sequence, comprising:generating a reference point cloud (PC) sample for a current PC sample of the point cloud sequence from a virtual reference frame;generating the bitstream based on the reference PC sample; andstoring the bitstream in a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium.