Silicon-containing compounds as antivirals and use thereof
Novel silicon-containing compounds address the limitations of existing 3CL protease inhibitors by providing potent and less toxic antiviral therapy for viral infections, particularly targeting SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, with improved pharmacokinetic profiles and broad applicability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- YUANYI WISE TECH (NINGBO) LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-16
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-23
AI Technical Summary
Current small molecule therapeutics for viral infections, particularly targeting 3CL protease, face limitations such as high CYP inhibition, serious side effects, and poor pharmacokinetic profiles, necessitating the development of more potent and less toxic inhibitors.
Development of novel silicon-containing compounds that act as 3CL protease inhibitors, which are designed to target the highly conserved drug binding pocket of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, with improved pharmacokinetic properties and reduced off-target effects.
The silicon-containing compounds demonstrate potent inhibition of 3CL protease, offering a promising therapeutic option for viral infections with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects, potentially applicable to a broad array of viruses including SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV.
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Figure CN2025128057_23042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SILICON-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS AS ANTIVIRALS AND USE THEREOF
[0001] CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0002] This application claims priority from PCT international application PCT / CN2024 / 125274 filed October 16, 2024, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present invention relates to novel silicon-containing compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, which are useful as antivirals, and particularly 3CL protease inhibitors. The present invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising one or more of such compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as an active ingredient, and use of such compounds or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof in the treatment of viral infectious disease or conditions, particularly 3CL protease-associated viral infectious diseases or conditions, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., COVID-19) , MERS-CoV infection, etc.BACKGROUND
[0004] Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that have been closely observed by scientists since the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 around 20 years ago. Additionally, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) has also emerged within the last 10 years, and SARS-CoV-2 emerging in late 2019 has caused a global pandemic and multiple mutant strains of the virus. COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has spread globally with over 400 million cases and 5 million deaths (see, DOI: 10.1016 / S1473-3099 (20) 30120-1) . Although vaccines have been developed, and small molecule therapeutics are starting to reach the final stages of approval, but existing therapeutics such as PF-07321332 have limitations. Consequently, there is still room for improvement for small molecule therapeutics. Currently, drug repurposing efforts starting in 2020 have also proved unsuccessful.
[0005] The SARS-CoV-2 genome encodes several proteins that have been studied in other similar virus species. First is the Main Protease (3CL Protease) which cleaves SARS-CoV-2 proteins to yield shorter non-structural proteins for replication and plays a key role for viral replication (see, DOI: 10.1126 / science. abl4784) . Another is the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) which aids in RNA replication and has an essential role in the RNA virus life cycle (see, DOI: 10.1177 / 2472555220942123) . RDRP has no host cell homologs, preventing off-target effects. As a result, a RDRP inhibitor emergency use authorization issued drug, Molnupiravir, is developed by Merck. However, the RDRP in coronavirus lacks proofreading functions and there has been some evidence that this small molecule induced mutagenesis during in vitro testing, which can be the major reason contributing to its poor efficacy and in vivo toxicity.
[0006] On the other hand, 3CL Proteases of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 have a similarity of 96%, differing in only 12 of 306 residues (see, DOI: 10.17605 / OSF. IO / FD243) and no mutation was found at the catalytic domain that serves as the drug binding pocket. It also shows no homology with host protease. The highly conserved drug binding pocket sequence makes it an ideal and better target compared to other viral targets.
[0007] Coronaviruses contain a 3CL protease which plays a key function for viral replication. Furthermore, proteases are a key component of many different species of viruses. 3CL proteases are found in Rhinoviruses and Noroviruses in addition to other coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Other proteases are found in HIV-1 and HCV viruses, showing that a protease inhibitor can cover a broad array of viruses and not only cover SARS-CoV-2, thereby increasing its potential impact. As a result, identifying a potent 3CL protease inhibitor would be a promising therapeutic method for not only SARS-CoV-2 but other viruses as well.
[0008] As of February 2022, PF-07321332 (Nirmatrelvir) is FDA approved with an emergency use authorization in the form of a co-packaged combination (PaxlovidTM) with Ritonavir (see, https: / / www. fda. gov / media / 155049 / download) . This is the only 3CL protease inhibitor currently available on the market. PF-07321332 demonstrated potent inhibition in assays from all coronavirus types (see, DOI: 10.1126 / science. abl4784) . However, high CYP inhibition resulted the final formulation being paired with Ritonavir blocking CYP P450 isoforms 3A4 and 2D6 binding to PF-07321332. Ritonavir is an antiretroviral medication mainly used for management of HIV / AIDS; there are several serious side effects that can be associated with its usage. In addition, the PK of PF-07321332 is relatively weak resulting in a short half-life thus requiring a high antiviral therapeutic dose to achieve its intended effect (see, DOI: 10.1126 / science. abl4784) . Due to its combined formulation and poor PK, a high dose of Paxlovid is impractical, and further improvements and optimizations can be made for more potent 3CL protease inhibitors with less off-target effects. Therefore, targeting 3CL protease with small molecules provides new opportunities for therapy.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] Disclosed herein are novel silicon-containing compounds, which are useful as antivirals, and particularly 3CL protease inhibitors.
[0010] In one aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of Formula (I)
[0011] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein n, R1, R2, and ring A are described herein.
[0012] In another aspect, the present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition which comprises the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0013] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of treating a viral infectious disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein.
[0014] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein for use in the treatment of a viral infectious disease or condition.
[0015] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to use of the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infectious disease or condition.
[0016] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a kit for treating a viral infectious disease or condition which comprises the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein, a container, and optionally a package insert or label indicating treatment of said disease or condition.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The summary, as well as the following detailed description, is further understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. However, the invention is not limited to the specific disclosure of the drawings. In the drawings:
[0018] Fig. 1 shows a comparison of beta coronaviruses;
[0019] Fig. 2 shows PDB 7vh8 binding co-crystal structure with PF-07321332.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying detailed description. While enumerated embodiments will be described, it shall be understood that they are not intended to limit the present invention to those embodiments. On the contrary, the present invention is intended to cover all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, which may be included within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims. Those skilled in the art will recognize many methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein, which could be used in the practice of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to the methods and materials as described. In the event that one or more of the incorporated literatures and similar materials differs from or contradicts this disclosure, including but not limited to defined terms, term usage, described techniques, or the like, this disclosure controls.
[0021] It is appreciated that certain features of the present invention, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate embodiments, can also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features of the present invention, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, can also be provided separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0022] Accordingly, the followings are provided herein.
[0023] Item 1. A compound of Formula (I)
[0024] or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, wherein
[0025] n is 0 or 1;
[0026] R1 is -Z (RX) (RY) (RZ) , in which Z is C or Si, and RX, RY, and RZ are each independently C1-6 alkyl;
[0027] R2 is -C (O) -C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) O-C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) NH-C1-6 alkyl, or -S (O) 2-C1-6 alkyl, in which said C1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to more halogen atoms; and
[0028] ring A is an optionally substituted 6-to 13-membered bicyclic ring system containing 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, which is bound to the carbonyl groups at position a and position b respectively by two adjacent ring atoms, and which optionally has a carbon ring atom replaced by Si;
[0029] with the proviso that, when Z is C, ring A has a carbon ring atom replaced by Si.
[0030] Item 2. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 1, wherein ring A is a bicyclic ring system selected from the group consisting of
[0031] which is bound to the carbonyl groups at position a and position b respectively by two adjacent ring atoms, and which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halo, oxo (=O) , and imino (=N) .
[0032] Item 3. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 2, wherein ring A is
[0033] Item 4. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (Ia)
[0034] Item 5. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 1, wherein ring A is
[0035] Item 6. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein n is 1.
[0036] Item 7. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein R1 is -Z (RX) (RY) (RZ) , in which Z is Si, and RX, RY, and RZ are each independently C1-6 alkyl.
[0037] Item 8. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein R1 is
[0038] Item 9. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein R2 is -C (O) -C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) O-C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) NH-C1-6 alkyl, or -S (O) 2-C1-6 alkyl, in which said C1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to five fluoride atoms.
[0039] Item 10. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein R2 is -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CF3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) OCH2CF3, -C (O) OCF2CF3, -C (O) OC (CH3) 3, -C (O) NHC (CH3) 3, -S (O) 2CH3, or -S (O) 2CF3.
[0040] Item 11. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein R2 is -C (O) CF3, -C (O) OC (CH3) 3, -C (O) NHC (CH3) 3, or -S (O) 2CH3.
[0041] Item 12. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding Items, wherein R2 is -C (O) CF3.
[0042] Item 13. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 1, wherein the compound is
[0043] Item 14. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 1, wherein the compound is
[0044] Item 15. A pharmaceutical composition which comprises the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 14, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0045] Item 16. The pharmaceutical composition according to Item 15, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.
[0046] Item 17. A method of treating a viral infectious disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 14.
[0047] Item 18. The method according to Item 17, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.
[0048] Item 19. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 14 for use in the treatment of a viral infectious disease or condition.
[0049] Item 20. The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to Item 19, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.
[0050] Item 21. Use of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 14 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infectious disease or condition.
[0051] Item 22. The use according to Item 21, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.
[0052] Item 23. A kit for treating a viral infectious disease or condition, which comprises a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of Items 1 to 14, a container, and optionally a package insert or label indicating treatment of said disease or condition.
[0053] Item 24. The kit according to Item 23, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.
[0054] DEFINITIONS
[0055] The terms used but not defined herein have their ordinary meaning and the meaning of such terms is independent at each occurrence thereof. Nevertheless, unless otherwise stated, the following definitions apply throughout the specification and claims.
[0056] As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” , and “the” include plural referents unless expressly stated to the contrary.
[0057] As used herein, the terms “comprise” and “include” are intended to specify the presence of stated features, integers, components, or steps, but they do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, components, steps, or groups thereof.
[0058] Definitions of specific functional groups and chemical terms are described in more detail below. For purpose of this invention, the chemical elements are identified in accordance with the Periodic Table of the Elements, CAS version, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 75th Edition, inside cover, and specific functional groups are generally defined as described therein. Additionally, general principles of organic chemistry, as well as specific functional moieties and reactivity, are described in Organic Chemistry, Thomas Sorrell, University Science Books, Sausalito, 1999; Smith and March, March’s Advanced Organic Chemistry, 5th Edition, John Wiley &Sons, Inc., New York, 2001; Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations, VCH Publishers, Inc., New York, 1989; Carruthers, Some Modem Methods of Organic Synthesis, 3rd Edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987.
[0059] All ranges cited herein are inclusive, unless expressly stated to the contrary.
[0060] When a range of values is listed, it is intended to encompass each value and sub-range within the range. For example, “C1-6” is intended to encompass, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C1-6, C1-5, C1-4, C1-3, C1-2, C2-6, C2-5, C2-4, C2-3, C3-6, C3-5, C3-4, C4-6, C4-5, and C5-6.
[0061] When any variable occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formula (I) or in any other formula depicting and describing the compounds of the present invention, its definition at each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and / or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
[0062] As used herein, the term “bicyclic ring system” refers to a ring system having two fused, bridged, or spiro rings, each of which may be saturated or unsaturated, aromatic or non-aromatic. Bicyclic ring systems may contain no heteroatoms as ring forming atoms, or contain one, two, three, or four heteroatoms as ring forming atoms, in which said heteroatoms are independently selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, unless otherwise stated. In certain embodiments, bicyclic ring systems may be 6-to 13-membered, such as 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, 11-, 12-, 13-membered. In certain embodiments, bicyclic ring systems may be 6-to 11-membered. Non-limiting examples of bicyclic ring systems may include:
[0063] etc. Bicyclic ring systems may be optionally substituted (i.e., unsubstituted or substituted) , as valency permits, with one or more of substituents. Unless expressly stated to the contrary, substitution by a named substituent is permitted on any atom in the ring provided that such ring substitution is chemically allowed and results in a stable compound. Non-limiting examples of optional substituents on the bicyclic ring systems may include C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halo, oxo (=O) , imino (=N) , etc.
[0064] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a straight or branched chain, saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having a number of carbon atoms in the specified range. In certain embodiments, alkyl groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms (C1-6) , such as, 1 to 5 carbon atoms (C1-5) , 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C1-4) , 1 to 3 carbon atoms (C1-3) , or 1 to 2 carbon atoms (C1-2) . Non-limiting examples of alkyl groups may include methyl, ethyl, n-and iso-propyl, n-, sec-, iso-, and tert-butyl, neopentyl, etc.
[0065] As used herein, the term “cycloalkyl” refers to a non-aromatic, saturated monocyclic ring, in which all the ring atoms are carbon atoms and which contains at least three ring forming carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, cycloalkyl groups may contain 3 to 6 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 to 4 ring forming carbon atoms, 3 ring forming carbon atoms, 4 ring forming carbon atoms, 5 ring forming carbon atoms, 6 ring forming carbon atoms, etc. In certain embodiments, cycloalkyl groups may include cyclopropyl and cyclobutyl.
[0066] As used herein, the term “alkoxy” an alkyl group, as defined herein, attached to the parent molecule through an oxygen atom. In certain embodiment, alkoxy groups contain 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkoxy groups may include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy (including n-propoxy and isopropoxy) , butoxy (including n-butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy and tert-butoxy) , pentoxy, hexoxy, etc.
[0067] As used herein, the term “heteroatom” refers to nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur, and may include any oxidized form of nitrogen and sulfur, and any quaternized form of a basic nitrogen.
[0068] As used herein, the term “oxo” refers to a divalent oxygen atom and the structure of oxo may be shown as =O.
[0069] As used herein, the term “imino” refers to a divalent nitrogen atom and the structure of imino may be shown as =N.
[0070] As used herein, the term “C (O) ” refers to carbonyl.
[0071] As used herein, the term “S (O) 2” refers to sulfonyl.
[0072] As used herein, the term “halogen” (or “halo” ) refers to fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide. In certain embodiments, non-limiting examples of halogen include fluoride, chloride, and bromide. In certain embodiments, halogen is chloride or bromide. In certain embodiments, halogen is fluoride.
[0073] As used herein, the term “substituted” , when refers to a chemical group, means that the chemical group has one or more hydrogen atoms that is / are removed and replaced by substituents. The term “substituent” as used herein has the ordinary meaning known in the art and refers to a chemical moiety that is covalently attached to, or if appropriate, fused to, a parent group. It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency. It is understood that the substituent can be further substituted.
[0074] As used herein, the term “optionally substituted” means that the chemical group may have no substituents (i.e., unsubstituted) or may have one or more substituents (i.e., substituted) . It is to be understood that substitution at a given atom is limited by valency.
[0075] As used herein, the term “3CL Protease” refers to 3C-like protease, formally known as C30 endopeptidase or 3-chymotrypsin-like protease. 3CL Protease is the main protease found in various coronaviruses. 3CL protease is also found in Rhinoviruses, Noroviruses, etc., in addition to coronaviruses. The compounds provided herein are described with reference to both generic formulas and specific compounds. In addition, the compounds of the present invention may exist in a number of different forms or derivatives, all within the scope of the invention. These include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, tautomers, stereoisomers, racemic mixtures, regioisomers, prodrugs, solvated forms (solvates) , different crystal forms or polymorphs, and active metabolites, etc.
[0076] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” , unless otherwise stated, includes salts that retain the biological effectiveness of the free acid / base form of the specified compound and that are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Contemplated pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms include, but are not limited to, mono, bis, tris, tetrakis, and so on. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are non-toxic in the amounts and concentrations at which they are administered. The preparation of such salts can facilitate the pharmacological use by altering the physical characteristics of a compound without preventing it from exerting its physiological effect. Useful alterations in physical properties may include, for example, increasing the solubility to facilitate administering higher concentrations of the drug.
[0077] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula (I) include acid addition and base salts. Suitable acid addition salts can be formed from acids which form non-toxic salts. Non-limiting examples may include the acetate, adipate, aspartate, benzoate, besylate, bicarbonate / carbonate, bisulfate / sulfate, borate, camsylate, citrate, cyclamate, edisylate, esylate, formate, fumarate, gluceptate, gluconate, glucuronate, hexafluorophosphate, hibenzate, hydrochloride / chloride, hydrobromide / bromide, hydroiodide / iodide, isethionate, lactate, malate, maleate, malonate, mesylate, methylsulfate, naphthylate, 2-napsylate, nicotinate, nitrate, orotate, oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, phosphate / hydrogen phosphate / dihydrogen phosphate, pyroglutamate, saccharate, stearate, succinate, tannate, tartrate, tosylate, trifluoroacetate, 1, 5-naphathalenedisulfonic acid and xinafoate salts. Suitable base salts are formed from bases which form non-toxic salts. Non-limiting examples may include the aluminium, arginine, benzathine, calcium, choline, diethylamine, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) amine (diolamine) , glycine, lysine, magnesium, meglumine, 2-aminoethanol (olamine) , potassium, sodium, 2-Amino-2- (hydroxymethyl) propane-1, 3-diol (tris or tromethamine) and zinc salts. Hemisalts of acids and bases may also be formed, for example, hemisulfate and hemicalcium salts. For a review on suitable salts, see, Stahl and Wermuth, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use (Wiley-VCH, 2002) .
[0078] Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compound of Formula (I) may be prepared by one or more of three methods: (i) by reacting the compound of Formula (I) with the desired acid or base; (ii) by removing an acid-or base-labile protecting group from a suitable precursor of the compound of Formula (I) or by ring-opening a suitable cyclic precursor, for example, a lactone or lactam, using the desired acid or base; or (iii) by converting one salt of the compound of Formula (I) to another by a reaction with an appropriate acid or base or by means of a suitable ion exchange column. The three reactions may be typically carried out in solution. The resulting salt may precipitate out and be collected by filtration or may be recovered by evaporation of the solvent. The degree of ionization in the resulting salt may vary from completely ionized to almost non-ionized.
[0079] The compound of Formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof may exist in unsolvated and solvated forms. As used herein, the term “solvate” refers to a molecular complex comprising the compound of Formula (I) , or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable solvent molecules. For example, the term “hydrate” is employed when said solvent is water.
[0080] The compounds of Formula (I) may have one or more chiral (asymmetric) centers. The present invention encompasses all stereoisomeric forms of the compounds of Formula (I) . Centers of asymmetry that are present in the compounds of Formula (I) can all independently of one another have (R) or (S) configuration. When bonds to a chiral carbon are depicted as straight lines in the structural formulas of the present invention, or when a compound name is recited without an (R) or (S) chiral designation for a chiral carbon, it is understood that both the (R) and (S) configurations of each such chiral carbon and hence each enantiomer or diastereomer and mixtures thereof are embraced within the formula or by the name. The production of specific stereoisomers or mixtures thereof may be identified in the Examples where such stereoisomers or mixtures were obtained, but this in no way limits the inclusion of all stereoisomers and mixtures thereof from being within the scope of the invention.
[0081] The present invention includes all possible enantiomers and diastereomers and mixtures of two or more stereoisomers, for example mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers, in all ratios. Thus, enantiomers are a subject of the present invention in enantiomerically pure form, both as levorotatory and as dextrorotatory antipodes, in the form of racemates and in the form of mixtures of the two enantiomers in all ratios. In the case of a cis / trans isomerism, the present invention includes both the cis form and the trans form as well as mixtures of these forms in all ratios. The preparation of individual stereoisomers can be carried out, if desired, by separation of a mixture by customary methods, for example by chromatography or crystallization, by use of stereochemically uniform starting materials for the synthesis or by stereoselective synthesis. Optionally, a derivatization can be carried out before separation of stereoisomers. The separation of a mixture of stereoisomers can be carried out in an intermediate step during the synthesis of a compound of Formula (I) , or it can be done on a final racemic product. Absolute stereochemistry may be determined by X-ray crystallography of crystalline products or crystalline intermediates which are derivatized, if necessary, with a reagent containing a stereogenic center of known configuration. Alternatively, absolute stereochemistry may be determined by Vibrational Circular Dichroism (VCD) spectroscopy analysis.
[0082] Unless otherwise stated, the structures depicted herein are also meant to include the compounds that differ only in the presence of one or more isotopically enriched atoms, in other words, the compounds wherein one or more atoms are replaced by atoms having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number which predominates in nature. Such compounds are referred to as a “isotopic variant” . The present invention is intended to include all pharmaceutically acceptable isotopic variants of the compounds of Formula (I) . Examples of isotopes suitable for inclusion in the compounds of the present invention include, but not limited to, isotopes of hydrogen, such as 2H and 3H; carbon, such as 11C, 13C and 14C; chlorine, such as 36Cl; fluorine, such as 18F; iodine, such as 123I and 125I; nitrogen, such as 13N and 15N; oxygen, such as 15O, 17O and 18O; phosphorus, such as 32P; and sulfur, such as 35S. Certain isotopic variants of the compounds of Formula (I) , for example those incorporating a radioactive isotope, may be useful in drug and / or substrate tissue distribution studies. Particularly, compounds having the depicted structures that differ only in the replacement with heavier isotopes, such as the replacement of hydrogen by deuterium (2H) , can afford certain therapeutic advantages, for example, resulting from greater metabolic stability, increased in vivo half-life, or reduced dosage requirements and, hence, may be utilized in some particular circumstances. Isotopic variants of compounds of Formula (I) can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to one skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the accompanying examples and synthesis using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed. In certain embodiments, isotopic variants of compounds of the present invention are deuterated variants.
[0083] Pharmaceutically acceptable solvates in accordance with the present invention may include those wherein the solvent of crystallization may be isotopically substituted, e.g., D2O, d6-acetone, d6-DMSO.
[0084] One way of carrying out the present invention is to administer a compound of Formula (I) in the form of a prodrug. Thus, certain derivatives of a compound of Formula (I) which may have little or no pharmacological activity themselves can, when administered into or onto the body, be converted into a compound of Formula (I) having the desired activity, for example by hydrolytic cleavage, particularly hydrolytic cleavage promoted by an esterase or peptidase enzyme. Such derivatives are referred to as “prodrugs” . Further information on the use of prodrugs may be found in, e.g., T. Higuchi and W. Stella, “Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems” , Vol. 14, ACS Symposium Series, and E. B. Roche (Ed. ) , “Bioreversible Carriers in Drug Design” , Pergamon Press, 1987, American Pharmaceutical Association. Reference can also be made to Nature Reviews / Drug Discovery, 2008, 7, 355, and Current Opinion in Drug Discovery and Development, 2007, 10, 550.
[0085] Prodrugs in accordance with the present invention can, for example, be produced by replacing appropriate functionalities present in the compounds of Formula (I) with certain moieties known to those skilled in the art as “pro-moieties” as described, for example, in H. Bundgaard, “Design of Prodrugs” , Elsevier, 1985, and Y. M. Choi-Sledeski and C. G. Wermuth, “Designing Prodrugs and Bioprecursors” , Practice of Medicinal Chemistry, 4th Edition, Chapter 28, 657-696, Elsevier, 2015. Thus, a prodrug in accordance with the present invention may include, but not limited to, (a) an ester or amide derivative of a carboxylic acid in a compound of Formula (I) , if any; (b) an amide, imine, carbamate or amine derivative of an amino group in a compound of Formula (I) ; (c) an oxime or imine derivative of a carbonyl group in a compound of Formula (I) , if any; or (d) a methyl, primary alcohol or aldehyde group that can be metabolically oxidized to a carboxylic acid in a compound of Formula (I) , if any.
[0086] References to compounds of Formula (I) are taken to include the compounds themselves and prodrugs thereof. The present invention includes such compounds of Formula (I) as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts of such compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable solvates of said compounds and salts.
[0087] ADMINISTRATION AND DOSING
[0088] The compounds of the present invention may be administered in an amount effective to treat the diseases or conditions as described herein. The compounds of the present invention can be administered as compound per se, or alternatively, as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate. For administration and dosing purposes, the compound of the present invention per se or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, stereoisomer, or isotopic variant thereof will simply be referred to as the compounds of the invention.
[0089] The compounds of the invention may be administered by any suitable route in the form of a pharmaceutical composition adapted to such a route, and in a dose effective for the treatment intended. The compounds of the invention may be administered in various routes, including, e.g., orally, rectally, vaginally, parenterally, topically, etc. In certain embodiments, the compounds of the invention may be administered orally.
[0090] As used herein, the terms “administration” and “administer” refer to absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, implanting, or otherwise introducing the compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof. The terms “treatment” and “treat” refer to reversing, alleviating, delaying the onset of, or inhibiting the progress of a “pathological condition” (e.g., a disease, disorder, or condition, or one or more signs or symptoms thereof) described herein. In certain embodiments, treatment may be administered after one or more signs or symptoms of a disease or condition have developed or have been observed. In other embodiments, treatment may be administered in the absence of signs or symptoms of the disease or condition. For example, treatment may be administered to a susceptible individual prior to the onset of symptoms (e.g., in light of a history of symptoms and / or in light of genetic or other susceptibility factors) . Treatment may also be continued after symptoms have resolved, for example, to delay or prevent recurrence. As used herein, the terms “disease” , “disorder” , “condition” , and “pathological condition” may be used interchangeably.
[0091] Dosage levels for administration can be determined by those skilled in the art by routine experimentation. The dosage regimen for the compounds of the invention and / or compositions comprising said compounds is based on a variety of factors, including the type, age, weight, sex, and medical condition of the patient; the severity of the condition; the route of administration; and the activity of the particular compound employed. Thus, the dosage regimen may vary widely. For example, dosage levels for the compounds of the invention may be from about 0.01 to about 100 mg / kg (i.e., mg per kilogram of body weight) per day. In certain embodiments, the total daily dose of a compound of the invention, administered in single or divided doses, may be from about 0.01 to about 100 mg / kg, such as from about 0.1 to about 50 mg / kg, from about 0.5 to about 30 mg / kg, from 0.1 to 10 mg / kg, etc. It is not uncommon that the administration of the compounds of the invention might be repeated a plurality of times in a day.
[0092] In certain embodiments, the compound of the invention may be used in combination with one or more of additional therapeutical agents. In certain embodiments, non-limiting examples of the additional therapeutical agent may include an antiviral agent. In certain embodiments, non-limiting examples of the additional therapeutical agents may include an additional 3CL protease inhibitor. The additional therapeutical agent can be administered before, after, or at the same time when the compound of the invention is administered.
[0093] PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS
[0094] In some aspect, the present invention is directed to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein, and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0095] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient” refers to a carrier or excipient which is useful for preparing a pharmaceutical composition that is generally safe, non-toxic, and neither biologically nor otherwise undesirable, and includes carrier or excipient that is acceptable for veterinary use as well as human pharmaceutical use. A pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient as used herein includes both one and more than one such carrier or excipient. The particular carrier or excipient used will depend upon the means and purpose for which the compounds of the invention is being applied. Suitable carriers and excipients are well known to those skilled in the art and are described in detail in, e.g., Ansel, Howard C, et al., Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, 2004; Gennaro, Alfonso R., et al., Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams &Wilkins, 2000; and Rowe, Raymond C. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. Chicago, Pharmaceutical Press, 2005. The formulations may also include one or more of buffers, stabilizing agents, surfactants, wetting agents, lubricating agents, emulsifiers, suspending agents, preservatives, antioxidants, opaquing agents, glidants, processing aids, colorants, sweeteners, perfuming agents, flavoring agents, diluents, and other known additives to provide an elegant presentation of the drug (i.e., the compound or pharmaceutical composition as provided herein) or aid in the manufacturing of the pharmaceutical product (i.e., medicament) .
[0096] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be in a variety of forms. These include, for example, liquid, semi-solid and solid dosage forms, such as liquid solutions (e.g., injectable and infusible solutions) , dispersions or suspensions, tablets, pills, powders, liposomes, suppositories, etc. The form depends on the intended mode of administration and therapeutic application. In certain embodiments, the compositions are formulated in tablets suitable for oral administration.
[0097] The pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention may be prepared according to common techniques of pharmacy, such as effective formulation and administration procedures. The above considerations in regard to effective formulations and administration procedures are well known in the art, and are described in standard textbooks. Formulation of pharmaceutical products is discussed in, e.g., Hoover, John E., Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, Pennsylvania, 1975; Liberman, et al., Eds., Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms, Marcel Decker, New York, N. Y., 1980; and Kibbe, et al., Eds., Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3rd Edition, American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington, 1999.
[0098] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a kit for treating a viral infectious disease or condition, particularly 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection, which comprises a compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein, a container, and optionally a package insert or label indicating treatment of said disease or condition.
[0099] METHODS OF TREATMENT
[0100] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to a method of treating a viral infectious disease or condition, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein. Non-limiting examples of the viral infectious disease or condition to be treated may include virus infection caused by a coronavirus (such as SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV) , Norovirus, Rhinovirus, HCV, HIV-1, influenza virus. In certain embodiments, the present invention is directed to a method of treating a 3CL protease-associated disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection (e.g., COVID-19) , and MERS-CoV infection, in a subject in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein, owning to the 3CL protease inhibitory activity of the compound of the present invention.
[0101] As used herein, the term “subject in need thereof” is a subject having the disease or condition as described herein, or a subject having an increased risk of developing the disease or condition as described herein relative to the population at large. In certain embodiments, the subject is a warm-blooded animal. In certain embodiments, the warm-blooded animal is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the warm-blooded animal is a human.
[0102] The method of treating a viral infectious disease or condition as described herein may be used as a monotherapy. As used herein, the term “monotherapy” refers to the administration of a single active or therapeutic compound to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, monotherapy will involve administration of a therapeutically effective amount of one of the compounds of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, to a subject in need of such treatment.
[0103] Depending upon the particular disease or condition to be treated, the method of treating a viral infectious disease or condition described herein may involve, in addition to administration of the compound of Formula (I) , combination therapy of one or more additional therapeutic agent (s) , for example, a second therapeutic agent which is an anti-viral agent. In certain embodiments, non-limiting examples of the additional therapeutical agents may include an additional 3CL protease inhibitor.
[0104] As used herein, the term “combination therapy” refers to the administration of a combination of multiple active therapeutic agents. In certain embodiments, the compound of the present invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof may be administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially to treatment with the one or more additional therapeutic agent (s) . For example, the additional therapeutic agent (s) may be administered separately from the compound of the present invention, as part of a multiple dosage regimen. Alternatively, the additional therapeutic agent (s) may be part of a single dosage form, mixed with the compound of the present invention in a single composition.
[0105] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein for use in the treatment of a viral infectious disease or condition, particularly, 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition.
[0106] In a further aspect, the present invention is directed to use of the compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof as provided herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infectious disease or condition, particularly, a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition.
[0107] SYNTHESIS
[0108] The compounds of the present invention may be prepared by the general and specific methods described below, using the common general knowledge of those skilled in the art of synthetic organic chemistry. Such common general knowledge can be found in standard reference books, e.g., Barton and Ollis (Ed. ) , Comprehensive Organic Chemistry, Elsevier; Richard Larock, Comprehensive Organic Transformations: A Guide to Functional Group Preparations, John Wiley and Sons; and Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods, Vol. I-XII, Wiley-Interscience. The starting materials used herein are commercially available or may be prepared by routine methods known in the art.
[0109] The Schemes described hereinafter are intended to provide a general description of the methodology employed in the preparation of the compounds of the present invention. Some of the compounds of the present invention may contain single or multiple chiral centers with the stereochemical designation (R) or (S) . It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that all of the synthetic transformations can be conducted in a similar manner no whether the materials are enantioenriched or racemic. Moreover, the resolution to the desired optically active material may take place at any desired point in the procedure using well known methods such as those described herein and in the chemistry literature.
[0110] EXAMPLES
[0111] In order that the invention may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The examples described herein are offered to illustrate the compounds, methods and compositions provided herein and are not to be construed in any way as limiting the scope of the invention.
[0112] During synthetic procedures, it may be necessary and / or desirable to protect sensitive or reactive groups on any of the molecules concerned. This may be achieved by means of conventional protecting groups, such as those described in T.W. Greene and P.G.M. Wutts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 4th Edition, John Wiley and Sons. The protective groups are optionally removed at a convenient subsequent stage using methods well known in the art.
[0113] The compounds of the present invention can be readily prepared according to the following reaction schemes and examples, or modifications thereof, using readily available starting materials, reagents, and conventional synthesis procedures. In these reactions, it is also possible to make use of variants which are themselves known to those skilled in the art, but are not mentioned in greater detail. Furthermore, other methods for preparing the compounds of the invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the reaction schemes and examples as described herein. Unless otherwise indicated, all variables are as defined above.
[0114] In general chemical procedures, all reagents and materials may be purchased from commercial vendors or may be readily prepared by those skilled in the art.
[0115] In previous work, PDB structures have been released using either homology models at first, and later co-crystal structures. Fig. 1 shows a highly conserved target structure across coronaviruses generated from known PDB structures (see, DOI: 10.1093 / nar / gkaa1038) . Amongst SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, the binding pocket is the exact same, and the catalytic residues are highly conserved. Compared to MERS-CoV, the residues are different, but the overall backbone structure is also conserved.
[0116] The co-crystal structure of PF-07321332 has been released through PDB (PDB 7vh8) (see, DOI: 10.1093 / nar / gkaa1038) . In this structure as shown in Fig. 2, the binding motifs are visibly displayed. In this structure, there are several important protein-ligand interactions (see, DOI: 10.1007 / s13238-021-00883-2) . In particular, C145 is an important catalytic site in the binding pocket since it is observed to form a covalent bond with PF-07321332. In addition, E166 and Q192 also form interactions with several substructures in PF-07321332 (see, DOI: 10.1007 / s13238-021-00883-2) .
[0117] Silicon-containing amino acids are particularly attractive, specifically in view of their incorporation into bioactive compounds, including peptides, to modify their structure and increase their lipophilicity. These compounds are not recognized by proteolytic enzymes, resulting in improved resistance of the peptides in which they are incorporated toward biodegradation.
[0118] Therefore, it is feasible to perform additional chemical enumeration and perform in silico molecular generation, also known as scaffold hopping, to optimize the chemical properties for this protein-ligand interaction. Due to the interactions of the residues in the binding pocket, there are several sites where optimization can occur. The trimethyl group near L167 and P168 do not form any major interactions, and the azabicyclohexane ring also do not form interactions with the protein. More importantly, as seen in the crystal structure in Fig. 2, the trimethyl group is shown to be at the outside of the binding pocket making this an ideal place for optimization. As a result, these two groups can be used as a template for scaffold hopping optimization. In the first round, the trimethyl group replacements were sent for in vitro testing, but additional compounds have been computer generated as a backup.
[0119] The compound PF-07321332 was used as a starting reference for a small molecule inhibitor. Likewise, the PDB 7vh8 structure was used as the primary structure for calculating binding scores. First, points of optimization were identified for the reference small molecule. These substructures were labeled and sent to an enumeration system to generate additional compounds. The inventors’ enumeration consisted of replacement substructures onto the two areas of interest.
[0120] Once the novel compounds were automatically generated, they were then given to a machine learning based scoring function. This scoring function consists of several ADMET property datasets that have been curated in the open domain (see, https: / / doi. org / 10.7910 / DVN / 21LKWG) . Additionally, a structure-based scoring function was curated by looking through the PDB database (see, DOI: 10.1093 / nar / gkaa1038) for protein-ligand co-crystal structures. This model is an AI model comparable to more complex traditional docking procedures such as with AutoDock Vina. All the machine learning models were trained using random forest binary classification with features such as Morgan Fingerprints and molecular properties, and their probability score was directly used to score the novel compounds. Specifically, CYP3A4 inhibition and a mixed Half-life and Hepatic Clearance model was generated to investigate ADMET properties.
[0121] Using computational workflows, millions of compounds were generated and ranked by target based virtual screening and different ADMET properties, the top 21 were selected as optimized candidates for further analysis in downstream wet lab assays.
[0122] The complete list of these compounds is available in Table 1 below, along with the reference compound. Several compounds demonstrated potential for potent inhibition while fitting the requirements for PK and CYP inhibition. The 21 compounds were ranked for predicted potency in Table 2.
[0123] Table 1: 21 Compounds selected by ADMET properties and Structure-based score
[0124] Table 2: Rank of compounds by binding affinity
[0125] Table 3 shows several top ranked compounds with novel scaffolds that may have potential to be synthesized and show optimized results in downstream wet lab applications. Using these replacement scaffolds with the silicon-containing group further optimizes the molecules for its desired properties.
[0126] Table 3: Structures of potential scaffolds through a second-round replacement.
[0127] In coronaviruses, commonly targeted proteins are the 3CL protease and RDRP for small molecule inhibitors. This study chose 3CL protease because there is less risk of drug induced mutations of the virus. Another advantage of choosing the 3CL protease is that this small molecule can not only target 3CL protease, but also have the potential to become a broad-spectrum antiviral. The 3CL protease found in SARS-CoV-2 is highly similar to SARS-CoV-1, and the general structure is highly conserved with MERS-CoV. Viral proteases have also been in drug development pipelines for several decades, with several drugs targeting proteases already approved for HIV and HCV (see, DOI: 10. 1021 / acsptsci. 0c00108) . During the early stages of the pandemic, many efforts have been made to repurpose existing antiviral drugs for targeting SARS-CoV-2, but none have been successful. Therefore, a next generation broad-spectrum antiviral that targets SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease as well as other proteases will be valuable.
[0128] To screen for a broad-spectrum antiviral, the same model for screening SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease can be applied for other viruses with known crystal structures. A list of structures and virus species was gathered by performing a keyword search of “protease” on an updated version of PDB (see, DOI: 10.1093 / nar / gkaa1038) . Afterwards, the results were filtered, and Table 4 below shows the 6 other virus protease structures were collected. These 7 proteases in total were used as input data for the structure-based model, and scores were output for each of compound / protease combination in Table 5. By analyzing this data with the PF-07321332 reference compound, several interesting observations were made. First, when analyzing the 7 proteases, there were 3 compounds that were predicted to be significantly better in 4 different virus species. These 3 compounds were AI-mc07, AI-mc09, and AI-mc11, each of which share different predicted ADMET properties. Next, as a further validation, the compounds were compared to the original ligand of the co-crystal structure in PDB (see, DOI: 10.1093 / nar / gkaa1038) with the same structure-based model prediction. It was observed that in all the reference ligands, the scores were either significantly worse or within the scoring confidence interval for each virus structure compared to PF-07321332, so this compound serves as a good reference compound for benchmarking a broad spectrum of viral proteases instead of the reference ligands found in PDB.
[0129] Table 4 -Proteases collected from PDB
[0130] Table 5: Structure based model results for broad spectrum
[0131] There are many advantages to using a computational-driven approach to drug discovery. For this overall workflow, a computational-driven approach provides rapid identification for virtual screening after an in silico molecular generation run.
[0132] In this case, after a generation of thousands of compounds, scoring function are used to rank and choose the final candidates. Many endpoints such as ADMET, PK, and Binding Affinity are prioritized into an AI-based scoring function. This flexible scoring function allows end-users to perform a weighted multi-objective optimization on necessary endpoints. Using a weighted optimization on multiple parameters helps score each sample with certain endpoints becoming prioritized or de-prioritized. In this case, for the initial SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease inhibitor, three endpoints were scored together, and the final scores were calculated and successfully identified potential compounds. Furthermore, for the broad-spectrum analysis, multiple viral proteases were compared to a reference and the predicted most active compounds were identified. During this workflow, there are many areas where there is significant time and resources conserved. In a traditional drug-discovery project, compounds may have to be enumerated by scientists, and this step may miss or exclude important scaffolds that have yet to be tested due to limited wet lab resources. The computational-driven workflow aims to prevent this by first scoring all generated compounds. Thousands of compounds are generated and scored in an hour using this system, and several compounds can easily be cherrypicked for further wet lab or computational analysis. Alternative compounds are also easily accessible and readily available for further analysis.
[0133] Next, as a further validation, the compounds were compared to the original ligand of the co-crystal structure in PDB (see, DOI: 10.1093 / nar / gkaa1038) with the same structure-based model prediction. Additionally, an additional virus species was identified in Neuraminidase as the target for Oseltamivir (PDB 2hu4) as an out-of-domain sample. It was observed that in all the reference ligands, the scores were either significantly worse or within the scoring confidence interval for each virus structure compared to PF-07321332, so this compound serves as a good reference compound for benchmarking a broad spectrum of viral proteases instead of the reference ligands found in PDB. For Neuraminidase, it was observed that all compounds in the AI series was significantly better in predicted binding compared to the original reference ligand of Oseltamivir in its original PDB co-crystal structure as shown in the full results listed in Table 6 in the supplemental section. This means that the AI series of compounds shows great potential for not only proteases, but also as a general broad-spectrum antiviral for different viral protein targets.
[0134] Table 6: Comparison of reference ligands for broad spectrum binding test.
[0135] Example 1
[0136] Synthesis of Compound AI-mc09
[0137] The title compound was synthesized according to the following synthetic procedure.
[0138] Preparation of Compound mc09-2’
[0139] To a solution of Compound mc09-1’ (6 g, 23.50 mmol, 1 eq) in MeCN (100 mL) was added K2CO3 (6.50 g, 47.00 mmol, 2 eq) . MeI (4.00 g, 28.20 mmol, 1.76 mL, 1.2 eq) was added dropwise at 0 ℃. The reaction was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 h. The volatiles were removed under reduced pressure. To the mixture was added water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (30 mL) . The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL) , dried, filtered and concentrated to give Compound mc09-2’ (5.2 g, crude) as a yellow solid.
[0140] Preparation of Compound mc09-3’
[0141] To a solution of Compound mc09-2’ (5.2 g, 19.31 mmol, 1 eq) in EtOAc (30 mL) was added HCl / EtOAc (4 M, 14.48 mL, 3 eq) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 0.5 h. The suspension was filtered and the filter cake was washed with EtOAc (30 mL) . The collected filter cake was dried under reduced pressure to give Compound mc09-3’ (3.98 g, crude, HCl) as a yellow solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (EC6065-5-P1A) δ = 10.00 (s, 2H) , 4.13 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.79 (s, 3H) , 3.59 (dd, J = 12.4, 6.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.04 (dd, J = 12.4, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.89 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.80 -1.72 (m, 1H) , 1.08 (s, 3H) , 1.04 (s, 3H) .
[0142] Preparation of Compound mc09-13’
[0143] To a solution of Compound mc09-12’ (10 g, 54.28 mmol, 9.71 mL, 1 eq) in THF (150 mL) was added n-BuLi (2.5 M, 21.71 mL, 1 eq) dropwise at -78 ℃. Chloromethyl (trimethyl) silane (14.98 g, 122.13 mmol, 17.04 mL, 2.25 eq) was added dropwise. The reaction was allowed to warm to 20 ℃ and stirred for 14 h. The reaction was quenched by adding to a stirred solution of aq. NaHCO3 (300 mL) then the layers were separated. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL × 2) , the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (300 mL) , dried, filtered and concentrated to give Compound mc09-13’ (10.68 g, 39.49 mmol, 72.76%yield) was obtained as a light yellow oil. LCMS: EC5782-17-P1A, MS (ESI) Retention time: 0.548 min, [M+1] + = 271.3. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (EC5782-17-P1D) δ = 4.06 -4.01 (m, 1H) , 3.93 (t, J = 3.2 Hz, 1 H) , 3.60 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 6 H) , 2.22 -2.16 (m, 1 H) , 1.18 (dd, J = 8.4, 4.4 Hz, 1 H) , 1.00 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H) , 0.82 -0.76 (m, 1 H) , 0.62 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 3 H) , 0.067 (s, 1 H) , 0.026 (s, 9 H) .
[0144] Preparation of Compound mc09-14’
[0145] To a solution of Compound mc09-13’ (1 g, 3.73 mmol, 1 eq) in MeOH (10 mL) was added HCl (3.37 g, 9.23 mmol, 3.3 mL, 10%purity, 2.48 eq) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 0 ℃ for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under the reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in DCM (30 mL) and sodium carbonate solution (30 mL, 2.0 M) . And then extracted with DCM (30mL × 2) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated to give Compound mc09-14’ (700 mg, crude) was obtained as a yellow liquid.
[0146] Preparation of Compound mc09-15’
[0147] To a solution of Compound mc09-14’ (600 mg, 3.42 mmol, 1 eq) in DCM (6 mL) was added Boc2O (746.99 mg, 3.42 mmol, 786.31 uL, 1 eq) and Et3N (692.68 mg, 6.85 mmol, 2 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under the reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by flash silica gel chromatography (Silica Flash Column, Eluent of 0~10%Ethyl acetate / Petroleum ether gradient @50 mL / min) to give Compound mc09-15’ (770 mg, 2.80 mmol, 81.68%yield) as a colorless liquid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (EC6065-3-P1A) δ = 7.25 -7.11 (m, 1H) , 4.02 (m, 1H) , 3.60 (s, 3H) , 1.37 (s, 9H) , 0.86 (dd, J = 6.4, 4.0 Hz, 2H) , 0.10 --0.12 (m, 9H) .
[0148] Preparation of Compound mc09-4’
[0149] To a solution of Compound mc09-15’ (300 mg, 1.09 mmol, 1 eq) in THF (2 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added LiOH. H2O (91.42 mg, 2.18 mmol, 2 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition citric acid (10 mL) , and extracted with DCM (10 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give Compound mc09-4’ (280 mg, crude) as a colorless liquid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (EC6065-6-P1A) δ = 12.32 (s, 1H) , 6.97 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.60 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H) , 1.37 (s, 9H) , 0.86 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 2H) , 0.00 (s, 9H) . [α] = -7.22° (C=1 g / 100 mL, DCM, 25 ℃) .
[0150] Preparation of Compound mc09-5’
[0151] To a solution of Compound mc09-3’ (250 mg, 956.43 umol, 1 eq) and Compound mc09-4’ (196.72 mg, 956.43 umol, 1 eq, HCl) in DCM (3 mL) was added HATU (545.49 mg, 1.43 mmol, 1.5 eq) and DIEA (370.83 mg, 2.87 mmol, 499.78 uL, 3 eq) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition citric acid (10 mL) , and extracted with DCM (10 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give Compound mc09-5’ (200 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. LCMS: EC6065-P1C, MS (ESI) Retention time: 0.541 min, [M+1] + = 413.4.
[0152] Preparation of Compound mc09-6’
[0153] To a solution of Compound mc09-5’ (200 mg, 484.74 umol, 1 eq) in MeOH (2 mL) and H2O (1 mL) was added LiOH·H2O (40.68 mg, 969.48 umol, 2 eq) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 30 min. The reaction mixture was quenched by addition citric acid (10 mL) , and extracted with DCM (10 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give Compound mc09-6’ (360 mg, crude) as a colorless liquid. LCMS: EC6065-8-P1A, MS (ESI) Retention time: 0.509 min, [M+1] + = 399.1.
[0154] Preparation of Compound mc09-7’
[0155] To a solution of Compound mc09-6’ (360 mg, 903.23 umol, 1 eq) in DCM (3 mL) was added HCl / dioxane (4 M, 677.43 uL, 3 eq) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃for 1 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under the reduced pressure to give Compound mc09-7’ (140 mg, crude, HCl) as a white solid. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (EC6065-9-P1A) δ = 13.41 -12.24 (m, 1H) , 8.12 (s, 3H) , 4.17 (s, 1H) , 4.03 (dd, J = 8.8, 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.72 -3.66 (m, 2H) , 1.59 (dd, J = 7.6, 4.8 Hz, 1H) , 1.47 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 1.14 -1.06 (m, 1H) , 1.05 -1.01 (m, 3H) , 1.01 -0.95 (m, 1H) , 0.94 (s, 3H) , 0.11 (s, 9H) .
[0156] Preparation of Compound mc09-9’
[0157] To a solution of Compound mc09-7’ (100 mg, 298.58 umol, 1 eq, HCl) and Compound mc09-8’ (84.84 mg, 597.17 umol, 2 eq) in MeOH (1 mL) was added DIEA (154.36 mg, 1.19 mmol, 4 eq) . The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated under the reduced pressure to give Compound mc09-9’ (140 mg, crude) as a yellow oil. LCMS: EC6065-13-P1D, MS (ESI) Retention time: 0.483 min, [M+1] + = 395.1.
[0158] Preparation of Compound mc09-11’
[0159] To a solution of Compound mc09-9’ (130 mg, 329.56 umol, 1 eq) and Compound mc09-10’ (88.97 mg, 428.43 umol, 1.3 eq, HCl) in DCM (1.5 mL) was added HOBt (44.53 mg, 329.56 umol, 1 eq) , EDCI (94.77 mg, 494.35 umol, 1.5 eq) and DIEA (149.08 mg, 1.15 mmol, 3.5 eq) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 2 h. To the mixture was added brine (10 mL) and DCM (10 mL) and the layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (10 mL) . The combined organic extracts were dried, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC (30%-60%MeCN in water (FA) , 10 min) , to give Compound mc09-11’ (40 mg, 64.49 umol, 19.57%yield, 88.3%purity) as a white solid. LCMS: EC6065-15-P1T, MS (ESI) Retention time: 2.792 min, [M+1] + = 548.1. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) (EC6065-15-P1A) δ = 9.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 8.73 (d, J =5.2 Hz, 1H) , 7.17 -6.94 (m, 2H) , 6.22 (s, 1H) , 4.71 (dd, J = 10.4, 8.4Hz, 1H) , 4.23 (m, 1H) , 4.06 (dd, J =10.0, 5.2Hz, 1H) , 3.88 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.66 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H) , 3.39 -3.25 (m, 2H) , 2.47 -2.33 (m, 2H) , 2.13 (dd, J = 14.0, 4.4 Hz, 1H) , 1.84 -1.64 (m, 2H) , 1.43 (s, 1H) , 1.26 -1.18 (m, 2H) , 1.04 -0.95 (m, 4H) , 0.89 (s, 3H) , 0.00 (s, 9H) .
[0160] Preparation of Compound AI-mc09
[0161] To a solution of Compound mc09-11’ (35 mg, 63.91 umol, 1 eq) in DCM (1 mL) was added methoxycarbonyl- (triethylammonio) sulfonyl-azanide (76.15 mg, 319.55 umol, 5 eq) at 20 ℃. The mixture was stirred at 20 ℃ for 1 h. The reaction mixture was washed with H2O (5 mL) , and extracted with EtOAc (5 mL × 3) . The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a residue. The residue was purified by Prep-HPLC (40%-70%MeCN in water (FA) , 10 min) to give Compound AI-mc09 (7 mg, 13.22 umol, 20.68%yield) as a white solid. LCMS: EC6065-20-P1F, MS (ESI) Retention time: 0.644 min, [M+1] + = 530.3. 1H NMR: (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) (EC6065-20-P1A) δ = 9.74 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 8.92 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.70 (s, 1H) , 4.97 -4.86 (m, 1H) , 4.51 -4.41 (m, 1H) , 4.14 (s, 1H) , 3.80 (dd, J = 10.4, 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 3.62 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 3.18 -3.07 (m, 2H) , 2.37 -2.32 (m, 1H) , 2.16 -2.06 (m, 2H) , 1.78 -1.65 (m, 2H) , 1.58 (dd, J = 7.6, 5.6 Hz, 1H) , 1.31 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H) , 1.09 (s, 1H) , 1.03 (s, 3H) , 0.95 (dd, J = 14.8, 3.2 Hz, 1H) , 0.89 (s, 3H) , 0.02 (s, 9H) .
[0162] Cellular Antiviral Activity and Toxicity Evaluation
[0163] Compounds were tested in 10-point dose response in duplicate in the SARS-CoV-2 CPE assay with parallel cytotoxicity evaluation in single 10-point dose response; each will be run with and without 2 μM Pgp inhibitor result in two (2) different conditions. Variant is Delta (BEI #NR-55674) . Top final concentration was set as 30 μM with a 3-fold dilution.
[0164] Testing is conducted in a high-throughput, 384-well plate format with a 10-point dose response curve assayed in duplicate with parallel cytotoxicity evaluation. Compounds can be supplied as pre-weighed powders or pre-solubilized DMSO stocks at 333X the top testing concentration.
[0165] Compound stock solutions (10 mM) were prepared in DMSO and tested at 10 concentrations in serial 3-fold dilutions in duplicate.
[0166] The same conditions will be tested for cytotoxic effect on host Vero E6 cells. Compounds will be tested at the same 10 concentrations used for the antiviral assay. Cell viability will be measured using Promega Cell Titer Glo. A data report will be generated in Excel showing the concentration response curves and EC50 and CC50 values calculated from a four-parameter logistic fit of the data (Table 7) .
[0167] Table 7: In vitro parameter in identifying oral SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (3CL protease) inhibitor
[0168] Metabolic Stability in Liver Microsome (LM)
[0169] Stock solution of substrate (10 mM) were prepared in DMSO and diluted to 100-times the incubation concentration in 20%water 80%acetonitrile for a working solution. Substrate (1 μM) was incubated in mouse, rat, dog, monkey and human liver microsome (0.5 mg / ml) diluted in potassium phosphate buffer (100 mM, pH 7.4) supplemented with MgCl2 (3.0 mM) and NADPH (1.0 mM) in a final volume of 300 μl. Incubations were conducted at 37 ℃ open to ambient air. A no-NADPH control was carried out in parallel. Incubations were conducted in duplicate. At various time points (typically 5, 15, 30 and 60 min) , a 40 μl aliquot of incubate was removed and quenched in 240 μl of acetonitrile 64 containing internal standard. Samples were vortexed, centrifuged (5 min, 2300 x g) and clean supernatant was diluted with an equal volume of water containing 0.2%formic acid. Samples were directly analyzed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) . Analyst software (Sciex, Framingham, MA) was used to measure peak areas. Peak area ratios of analyte to internal standard were calculated. Substrate depletion half-life (t1 / 2) and intrinsic clearance (CLint) were calculated using E-WorkBook v10 (ID Business Solutions, Guildford, Surrey, UK) . The natural log of peak area ratios versus time were fitted using linear regression, the slope of which (k) was converted to t1 / 2 values, where t1 / 2 = -0.693 / k. To estimate in vitro CLint in human liver microsome (human LM; HLM) , the t1 / 2 for substrate depletion was scaled using the following equation:
[0170] The incubation volume was 0.3 ml and the protein density was typically 1 mg liver microsomes / ml.
[0171] Table 8: Metabolic stability in human, monkey, dog, rat and mouse liver microsome
[0172] Impact of the selective Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 inhibitor Ketoconazole on the compounds in HLM
[0173] Incubations were conducted in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing MgCl2 (3.0 mM) , NADPH (1.0 mM) , HLM (1 mg / ml) , and PF-07321332 (0.1 μM) at 37 ℃ for 0 and 60 min in the absence or presence of selective CYP3A inhibitor ketoconazole (1 μM) . Incubations in the absence of NADPH were incubated for 0 and 60 min. The incubation volume was 0.2 ml. Reactions were terminated by transferring 200 μl of the incubation mixture to a 600 μL solution of acetonitrile containing internal standard. Quenched samples were centrifuged (5500 x g) for 10 min, followed by the transfer of supernatant (150 μl) to 96-well plates with 150 μl of H2O added to the samples. Incubations in the presence of NADPH were conducted in duplicate. Incubations in the absence of NADPH were conducted in duplicate. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS / MS for remaining Compound AI-mc09 and remaining percentage was estimated as described above.
[0174] Table 9: Involvement of CYP3A4 in the metabolic elimination of compounds in human liver microsomal incubation
[0175] LC-MS / MS Analysis
[0176] LC-MS / MS analysis was performed using a Sciex Triple Quad 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer (Sciex, Framingham, MA) , equipped with electrospray sources and liquid chromatography LC-30AD. Aqueous mobile phase (A) was comprised of 0.1%formic acid in water and organic mobile phase (B) consisted of acetonitrile. Samples (0.5 μl) from various in vitro incubations were injected onto a XB-C18 (2.1 x 50 mm, 5 μm) column at room temperature with a flow rate of 0.6 ml / min. The gradient program typically began with 10%initial mobile phase B held for 0.8 min, followed by a linear gradient to 95%B over 0.7 min, then held at 95%B for 0.8 min followed by re-equilibration to initial conditions for 0.7 min. The mass spectrometer was operated in multiple reaction monitoring mode, in positive detection mode, with the following mass transitions (Q1 / Q3) and collision energies (CEs) : Compound AI-mc09 530.3 / 110.2 (CE 40) .
[0177] The foregoing description is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the present invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the present invention to the exact construction and process shown as described above. Accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be considered to fall within the scope of the present invention as defined by the claims that follow.
[0178] All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety into the disclosure.
Claims
1.A compound of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, whereinn is 0 or 1;R1 is -Z (RX) (RY) (RZ) , in which Z is C or Si, and RX, RY, and RZ are each independently C1-6 alkyl;R2 is -C (O) -C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) O-C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) NH-C1-6 alkyl, or -S (O) 2-C1-6 alkyl, in which said C1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to more halogen atoms; andring A is an optionally substituted 6-to 13-membered bicyclic ring system containing 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, which is bound to the carbonyl groups at position a and position b respectively by two adjacent ring atoms, and which optionally has a carbon ring atom replaced by Si;with the proviso that, when Z is C, ring A has a carbon ring atom replaced by Si.2.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein ring A is a bicyclic ring system selected from the group consisting of which is bound to the carbonyl groups at position a and position b respectively by two adjacent ring atoms, and which is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of C1-6 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, C1-6 alkoxy, halo, oxo (=O) , and imino (=N) .3.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 2, wherein ring A is 4.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the compound has the structure of Formula (Ia) 5.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein ring A is 6.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein n is 1.7.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1 is -Z (RX) (RY) (RZ) , in which Z is Si, and RX, RY, and RZ are each independently C1-6 alkyl.8.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1 is 9.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R2 is -C (O) -C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) O-C1-6 alkyl, -C (O) NH-C1-6 alkyl, or -S (O) 2-C1-6 alkyl, in which said C1-6 alkyl is optionally substituted with one to five fluoride atoms.10.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R2 is -C (O) CH3, -C (O) CF3, -C (O) OCH2CH3, -C (O) OCH2CF3, -C (O) OCF2CF3, -C (O) OC (CH3) 3, -C (O) NHC (CH3) 3, -S (O) 2CH3, or -S (O) 2CF3.11.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R2 is -C (O) CF3, -C (O) OC (CH3) 3, -C (O) NHC (CH3) 3, or -S (O) 2CH3.12.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R2 is -C (O) CF3.13.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the compound is 14.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 1, wherein the compound is 15.A pharmaceutical composition which comprises the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 14, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.16.The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 15, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.17.A method of treating a viral infectious disease or condition in a subject in need thereof, which comprises administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 14.18.The method according to claim 17, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.19.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 14 for use in the treatment of a viral infectious disease or condition.20.The compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to claim 19, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.21.Use of a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 14 in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a viral infectious disease or condition.22.The use according to claim 21, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.23.A kit for treating a viral infectious disease or condition, which comprises a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof according to any one of claims 1 to 14, a container, and optionally a package insert or label indicating treatment of said disease or condition.24.The kit according to claim 23, wherein the viral infectious disease or condition is a 3CL protease-associated viral infectious disease or condition, such as SARS-CoV-1 infection, SARS-CoV-2 infection, MERS-CoV infection.
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