Earth retaining structure, program for calculating stability and stress level of earth retaining structure, and construction method for same

Abstract

This earth retaining structure (10) includes a retaining wall installed in a stepped terrain. In the earth retaining structure (10), a plurality of blocks (12) are arranged in the horizontal direction, and the blocks (12) are stacked to be at a plurality of heights. The blocks (12) are cured products of concrete. The blocks (12) each comprise a front flange (30), a back flange (32), and a web. Between the front flange (30) and the back flange (32) of the block (12), portions other than the web constitute a space (46). A first inorganic substance (48) and a second inorganic substance (50) are put into the space (46). The present invention includes a foundation (14) below the lowest block (12) and leveling concrete (16) below the foundation (14), and the foundation (14) and the leveling concrete (16) having increased sliding resistance due to the presence of recesses and projections.

Description

Earth retaining structures, stability calculation and stress calculation programs for earth retaining structures, and construction methods thereof.

[0001] This invention relates to earth retaining structures, stability calculation and stress calculation programs for earth retaining structures, and construction methods therefor.

[0002] To address resource depletion and reduce CO2 emissions, there is a need to reduce the amount of concrete used. Patent Document 1 below describes a method of filling and laminating bottomed sidewall concrete segments with a backing material. The backing material used includes ferronickel slag and fly ash.

[0003] However, Patent Document 1 requires reinforcing steel, which does not simplify construction work. Depending on the contents of the filling material, the amount of concrete may increase. It also describes the use of hazardous substances as filling material, which would increase the number of steps required for the disposal of these hazardous substances.

[0004] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2012-241481

[0005] The objective of the present invention is to provide a retaining wall structure that can be installed using a simple construction method while reducing the amount of concrete used, a stability calculation and stress calculation program for the retaining wall structure, and a construction method therefor.

[0006] The earth-retaining structure of the present invention is composed of a front flange and a back flange made of concrete and a web connecting the flanges, and includes blocks with spaces on both sides of the web, a first inorganic material (approximately 80% by weight) containing at least one of concrete rubble from industrial waste and rocks such as pebbles generated on site, and a second inorganic material (approximately 20% by weight) containing soil with a smaller particle size than the first inorganic material, filling the spaces between the first inorganic materials. Multiple such blocks are stacked on top of each other with irregularities provided on the upper and lower surfaces and both sides of the front and back flanges, and the first and second inorganic materials placed in the spaces are compacted by rolling. In stacking the upper and lower blocks, the irregularities may be provided on the web instead of on the flange portion.

[0007] The present invention's stability and stress calculation program for earth retaining structures utilizes a computer as follows: a first calculation unit that calculates the weight of the flange and web; a second calculation unit that calculates the total weight of the first and second inorganic materials entering the space; a third calculation unit that determines the total weight of the earth retaining structure and calculates the sectional forces due to external forces such as earth pressure, water pressure, and superimposed loads; a fourth calculation unit that calculates the cross-sectional area, section modulus, and second moment of area; and a fifth calculation unit that calculates stability and stress. Furthermore, the computer is configured to minimize the difference in moments by adjusting the self-weight related to the resistance moment, the slope of the structure, and the external forces related to the overturning moment.

[0008] The present invention provides a method for constructing an earth-retaining structure, comprising: preparing a concrete cross-section in an I-shape or H-shape at a factory, and a web connecting a back flange in contact with the soil and a front flange, wherein irregularities are provided on both sides, the top, and the bottom of the flange. The irregularities may also be on the top and bottom surfaces of the web. The method includes the steps of: manufacturing a block that includes a space formed in a position other than the concrete; transporting the precast concrete to the site, lifting it with a crane or the like, and integrating a plurality of the blocks in the horizontal and vertical directions; filling the space with a first inorganic material containing at least one of concrete shells and rocks such as pebbles generated at the site, and a second inorganic material containing soil with a particle size smaller than the first inorganic material, filling the spaces between the first inorganic materials; and compacting the first and second inorganic materials with a compactor such as a damper.

[0009] According to this invention, the retaining wall structure is constructed by compacting a first inorganic material and a second inorganic material on both sides of the web, so the weight difference compared to a concrete-only structure is minimal, and there are no problems in stability calculations. It is economical as it allows for the effective use of industrial waste and shortens the construction period through the structural form. Furthermore, it reduces the amount of concrete used, thus reducing CO2 emissions. ２ This invention is environmentally friendly as it can suppress the occurrence of [unclear / unclear].

[0010] This is a diagram showing a retaining wall structure. Figure 1A is a front view taken along line A-A. Figure 2B is a horizontal cross-sectional view taken along line B-B. This is a perspective view showing the foundation. This is a perspective view showing a block in which the flange sides can be joined only from the horizontal direction. (a) is a horizontal cross-sectional view of the block used in this application, and (b) is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a conventional block. This is a perspective view showing a block in which the flange sides can be joined from both the horizontal and vertical directions. This is a diagram showing a plate depicting birds, fish, insects, and plants that inhabit the region, installed on the top of the retaining wall structure. This is a diagram showing the retaining wall structure of this application used in stability calculations, where (a) is a side cross-sectional view and (b) is a horizontal cross-sectional view. This is a side cross-sectional view showing a conventional retaining wall structure used in stability calculations.

[0011] The earth retaining structure, the stability and stress calculation program for earth retaining structures, and the construction method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawings are schematic for illustrative purposes.

[0012] [Embodiment 1] The earth-retaining structure 10 of the present invention shown in Figures 1 to 3 includes retaining walls installed on stepped terrain. Retaining walls include sediment control dams and riverbanks, etc. The height of conventional earth-retaining structures 10 is approximately 8.0 m to 10.0 m, but the earth-retaining structure 10 of the present invention is not limited to that height. By increasing the front slope 1:N or the width of the structure, the difference between the resistance moment and the overturning moment can be minimized, making it possible to increase the height of the retaining wall. The earth-retaining structure 10 may be installed at an incline towards the rear side or installed vertically.

[0013] The retaining wall structure 10 is constructed by arranging multiple blocks 12 horizontally and stacking them vertically in multiple layers. A foundation 14 is installed beneath the blocks 12. Leveling concrete 16 and foundation crushed stone may be laid beneath the foundation 14.

[0014] The foundation 14 shown in Figure 4 is made of precast concrete. The top surface of the foundation 14 is perpendicular to the stacking direction of the blocks 12. When the foundations 14 are lined up, the first side surface 18 and the second side surface 20 of adjacent foundations 14 come into contact. A first protrusion 24 is formed on the first side surface 18, and a first recess 22 is formed on the second side surface 20. When the foundations 14 are lined up, the first protrusion 24 and the first recess 22 fit together.

[0015] The bottom surface of the foundation 14 may be roughened. The top surface of the leveling concrete 16 may also be roughened in the same way as in the previous stage. 26 and 28 shall have irregular shapes and irregularities, for example, irregularities with a height (or depth) and spacing of about 3 to 5 mm. The foundation 14 shall have the irregularities 26 formed when it is manufactured in the factory. The sliding resistance of the earth retaining structure can be strengthened by roughening the top surface of the leveling concrete 16 with a trowel or brush before the concrete hardens to form the irregularities 28.

[0016] Block 12 is a hardened concrete structure. In this embodiment, no reinforcing bars are used in the block. Block 12 comprises a front flange 30, a back flange 32, and a web 34 (Figure 5). The front flange 30 and back flange 32 are flat plates with increased thickness. The length of block 12 is approximately 1.0 m to 3.0 m, taking into consideration ease of construction. The height is standardized at 1.0 m, taking into consideration ease of compaction. The height of block 12 is adjusted at the top. The back flange 32 is the side that contacts soil 36 such as a sediment control dam or revetment. External forces such as earth pressure, water pressure, and superimposed loads act from the back flange 32 toward the front flange 30.

[0017] The web 34 is the part that connects the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. The web 34 is flat and has a thickened structure. The height of the web 34 is the same as the height of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32, with a standard height of 1.0 m. H, t1, and t2 of the block 12 shown in Figure 6 greatly affect the stress calculation. The horizontal cross section of the block 12 is I-shaped or H-shaped. Against external forces such as earth pressure, water pressure, and superimposed loads, the length of the web 34 (distance from the front flange 30 to the rear flange 32) h1 and the thicknesses t1 and t2 of the front flange 30, rear flange 32, and web 34 affect the stress calculation, thereby increasing the strength of the block 12 shown in Figure 6.

[0018] A second recess 38 is provided on the upper surfaces of the front flange 30 and rear flange 32 of the block 12. A second protrusion 40 is provided on the lower surfaces of the front flange 30 and rear flange 32 of the block 12. When the blocks 12 are stacked, the second protrusion 40 fits into the second recess 38, thereby integrating the blocks 12 in the stacking direction. The second recess 38 may be formed in one location on the upper surface of the web 34. The second protrusion 40 may be formed in one location on the lower surface of the web 34.

[0019] A second recess 38 is formed on the upper surface of the foundation 14. When the block 12 is placed on the foundation 14, the second protrusion 40 of the block 12 is placed into the second recess 38 of the foundation 14.

[0020] When the block 12 is viewed from the front flange 30, a third recess 42 is provided on the right side of the front flange 30 and rear flange 32 of the block 12. A third protrusion 44 is provided on the left side of the front flange 30 and rear flange 32 of the block 12. When the blocks 12 are arranged horizontally, the third protrusion 44 fits into the third recess 42, thereby integrating the horizontally aligned blocks 12.

[0021] The connection between the second recess 38 and the second protrusion 40, and the connection between the third recess 42 and the third protrusion 44, integrates all the blocks 12 into one unit. This improves the structural stability and durability of the earth retaining structure 10.

[0022] In the stacking direction of the blocks 12, the shape and dimensions of the upper and lower blocks 12 are the same. Conventional sediment control dams and the like have thicker concrete at the bottom to satisfy stability and stress calculations, but this invention does not make it the same. The weight of the earth retaining structure 10 can be increased, thereby improving stability.

[0023] This study compares the section modulus of the block 12 of this application and a conventional rectangular block (a block without space) 100. In Figure 6, B represents the width and H represents the thickness of the structure for block 12 and block 100, where H is determined by stability and stress calculations. The cross-sectional area of ​​block 12 of this application is A = B × t² × 2 + h¹ × t¹. The cross-sectional area of ​​block 100 is A = B × H. The section modulus of block 12 of this application is Z = (B × H ３ - (B - t1) × h1 ３ ) / (6 x H) (mm ３ ) and the section modulus of block 100 is Z = B × H ２ / 6 (mm) ３ ) This is because the section modulus is affected by the square of the thickness H of the structure, so increasing the thickness H of the structure will greatly affect the stress calculation.

[0024] Between the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 of block 12, the area other than the web 34 is a space 46. By arranging multiple blocks 12 horizontally, the space 46 is enclosed by the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34. The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are placed in the space 46 and compacted.

[0025] The first inorganic material 48 includes at least one of concrete debris and rocks such as boulders generated on-site. The concrete debris may be waste generated when a building or civil engineering structure is crushed. The rocks such as boulders may be materials that can be collected at the site where the retaining wall structure is installed.

[0026] The first inorganic material 48 may include waste materials such as mortar and roof tiles in addition to concrete shells and rocks such as pebbles. The total proportion of concrete shells, rocks such as pebbles, or both in the first inorganic material 48 is approximately 80%, and the second inorganic material 50 fills the remaining voids. The weight ratio of the conventional structural cross section and the weight of the above type are very similar. The weight of the earth retaining structure 10 is increased by the concrete shells or pebbles, etc., improving stability and the thickness H of the structure is increased, improving stress. The first inorganic material 48 may include material that has been crushed to a fine particle size.

[0027] The second inorganic material 50 includes soil and sand. Preferably, the particle size of the second inorganic material 50 is smaller than that of the first inorganic material 48. Since voids are created with only the first inorganic material 48, these voids are filled with the second inorganic material 50. The type of soil and sand includes at least one of clay, silt, and sand with a particle size of less than approximately 2 mm. The particle size of the second inorganic material 50 is not limited as long as the voids between the first inorganic materials 48 are filled. If the second inorganic material 50 includes gravel with a particle size of approximately 2 mm or larger, it is preferable to also include sand with a particle size smaller than gravel.

[0028] The proportion of the first inorganic substance 48 to the total of the second inorganic substance 50 is 70-90%. By increasing the proportion of the first inorganic substance 48 compared to the second inorganic substance 50, the proportion of concrete shells and other materials used in the retaining wall structure 10 is increased. This increases the weight of the retaining wall structure 10 and improves its stability.

[0029] The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 placed in the space 46 are compacted. Compaction removes air from the space 46, increasing the filling rate of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 in the space 46. This increases the weight of the retaining structure 10 and improves its stability. The air void ratio is 0 to 15%, preferably 0 to 10%, and more preferably 0 to 5%. The degree of compaction is 85 to 100%, preferably 90 to 100%, and more preferably 95 to 100%.

[0030] The block 12 of the present application is lighter in self-weight than the rectangular parallelepiped block 100 by the amount of the space 46. As described above, the present application fills the space 46 with the first inorganic substance 48 and the second inorganic substance 50 including a concrete shell or the like. For example, for the retaining structure 10 of the present application, when the rectangular parallelepiped block 100 uses 100% of concrete, and when the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34 are made of concrete and 80% of the first inorganic substance 48 and 20% of the second inorganic substance 50 are introduced into the space 46 by weight ratio, the cross-sectional area ratio of the concrete part can be reduced to about 50%. By appropriately changing the thicknesses of the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34, the retaining structure 10 can be safely designed.

[0031] The thicknesses of the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, and the web 34 may be changed according to the design conditions. Since the sectional force due to earth pressure, water pressure, superimposed load, etc. becomes smaller as the retaining structure 10 goes upward, the horizontal cross-section of the block 12 can be reduced. However, in the present application, in consideration of the manufacturing, constructability, construction period, etc. of the block 12, blocks 12 of the same shape are stacked. In the stacking direction of the blocks 12, the horizontal cross-section of the block 12 is constant. Note that the uppermost block 12 may have a different shape from the other blocks 12 depending on the terrain where the retaining structure 10 is installed. For example, in the case of FIG. 1, the uppermost block 12 is configured such that the upper parts of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 are on the same horizontal plane.

[0032] In FIG. 6(a), for example, let H = 1500 mm, B = 1000 mm, t1 = 200 mm, h1 = 1100 mm, and h2 = 200 mm. Also, when the height of the block 12 is 1000 mm, the volume of the space 46 of the block 12 is 0.40 × 1.10 × 2 × 1.00 = 0.88 m ３ becomes.

[0033] The weight per unit volume of concrete is about ３ 2.3 t / m ３ and the weight per unit volume of earth and sand is about ３ 1.3 - 2.0 t / m ３ For calculation, the weight of earth and sand is ３ 1.7 t / m ３Assume that the space 46 is filled with 80% concrete shell and 20% earth and sand. Assume that the weight of the concrete shell entering the space 46 of one block 12 is 0.88 × 0.80 × 2.3 t / m ３ = 1.62 t, and the weight of the earth and sand is 0.88 × 0.20 × 1.7 t / m ３ = 0.30 t. The total weight of the concrete shell and the earth and sand entering the space 46 is 1.92 t. In the case of this application, the total of the concrete shell and the earth and sand entering one block 12 and the space 46 is 1.92 + (1.00 × 0.20 × 2 + 0.20 × 1.10) × 1.00 × 2.3 t / m ３ = 3.35 t.

[0034] In the case of the conventional block 100 shown in Fig. 6(b), the weight of one block 100 is 1.00 × 1.50 × 1.00 × 2.3 t / m ３ = 3.45 t. Even if there are slight variations, the difference in weight between the block 100 and this application is small. By making the horizontal cross-section of the block 12 constant without changing it in the stacking direction of the block 12, the self-weight of the earth retaining structure 10 can be increased. The self-weight of the earth retaining structure 10 is advantageous for the stability against sliding and overturning of the earth retaining structure 10.

[0035] This application may include a stability calculation (overturning, sliding, bearing capacity) and stress calculation program for an earth retaining structure that functions a computer as a first calculation unit for calculating the cross-sectional area, section coefficient, moment of inertia, weight, and resistance moment of the front flange 30, rear flange 32, and web 34, a second calculation unit for calculating the total weight and resistance moment of the first inorganic substance 48 and the second inorganic substance 50 entering the space from the capacity of the space 46, a third calculation unit for calculating the weight and overturning moment due to the rear earth and sand, superimposed load, inertial force, etc., and a fourth calculation unit for automatically calculating so that the resistance moment and the overturning moment are balanced. It may also include means for inputting the dimensions of the front flange 30, rear flange 32, and web 34, the ratio of the first inorganic substance 48 and the second inorganic substance 50, and the overall size of the earth retaining structure 10. The capacity of the space 46 is calculated from the input dimensions. Calculate the stability and stress of the earth retaining structure 10 by computer so that the desired earth retaining structure 10 can be easily optimized.

[0036] A cap 52 is disposed on the upper part of the retaining structure 10. The cap 52 is placed on the upper part of the uppermost block 12. The cap 52 has a flat shape with an increased thickness. A second convex portion 40 is provided on the cap 52, and the second convex portion 40 is inserted into the second concave portion 38 of the uppermost block 12. The first inorganic matter 48 and the second inorganic matter 50 in the space 46 of the block 12 are kept in a compressed state.

[0037] The block 12, the foundation 14 and the cap 52 are integrated by fitting the first convex portion 24 and the first concave portion 22, the second concave portion 38 and the second convex portion 40, and the third concave portion 42 and the third convex portion 44. Further, in the internal space 46 of the block 12, the first inorganic matter 48 and the second inorganic matter 50 are compressed and contained. It is possible to maintain a quality equal to or higher than that of a conventional sand control dam or a revetment retaining wall composed only of concrete.

[0038] Next, a construction method of the retaining structure 10 will be described. (1) The block 12 is manufactured in a factory. Concavities and convexities 26 of about 3 to 5 mm are formed on the lower surface of the foundation 14 in a precast manufacturing process to strengthen the sliding resistance and provided to the construction site. A second concave portion 38 for inserting the second convex portion 40 of the block 12 is formed in the foundation 14. An inclination is formed on the upper surface of the foundation 14 at a right angle to the gradient of the block 12 in accordance with the stacking direction of the blocks 12.

[0039] (2) Foundation crushed stones and leveling concrete 16 are laid. The upper surface of the leveling concrete 16 is roughened with a trowel or a brush before the concrete hardens to form grooves or concavities and convexities 28 to strengthen the sliding resistance.

[0040] (3) The foundation 14 is installed on the laid foundation crushed stones and leveling concrete 16. The foundations 14 are arranged side by side in the horizontal direction. The foundation 14 may be arranged using machines such as an excavator or a crane. The first convex portion 24 of the foundation 14 is inserted into the second concave portion 22 of the foundation 14. The blocks 12 are horizontally arranged and installed on the foundation 14 using machines such as an excavator or a crane. Concavities and convexities 26 and 28 are formed in the foundation 14 and the leveling concrete 16 respectively, and the concavities and convexities 26 and 28 strengthen the sliding resistance when the foundation 14 is installed.

[0041] (4) Place the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 into the space 46 of the block 12 using a backhoe or the like. Mix the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 together before placing them in. When placing them in, it is preferable to prepare a balance that can measure the weight of the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 and weigh them at the construction site.

[0042] (5) The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are compressed using a compressor such as a damper. The first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are compacted by the compression, and air is removed from the space 46 of the block 12.

[0043] Repeat steps (4) and (5) until no more first inorganic material 48 and second inorganic material 50 can fit into the space of block 12. Alternatively, the first inorganic material 48 and second inorganic material 50 may be placed in the space 46 of block 12 such that the combined volume of the first inorganic material 48 and second inorganic material 50 is less than the volume of the space 46 of block 12. This will increase the number of times steps (4) and (5) are repeated, but it will make it easier to remove air.

[0044] (6) After the space 46 of block 12 is filled with the compressed first inorganic material 48 and second inorganic material 50, another block 12 is stacked on top of that block 12. The stacking method is the same as in (3) above, so that the second protrusion 40 is placed in the second recess 38 and the third protrusion 44 is placed in the third recess 42.

[0045] (7) As described in (4) and (5) above, the first inorganic material 48 and the second inorganic material 50 are placed in the space 46 of block 12 and compressed.

[0046] The blocks 12 are stacked, and inorganic materials 48 and 50 are placed in the space 46 and compressed repeatedly until a retaining wall structure 10 of a predetermined height is formed.

[0047] (8) Place the cap 52 on the upper end of the top block 12. Insert the second protrusion 40 of the cap 52 into the second recess 38 of the block 12.

[0048] As described above, when constructing the earth retaining structure 10, precast products are manufactured in a factory and transported to the site, eliminating the need for formwork. The construction of the earth retaining structure 10 is easier compared to conventional sediment control dams and revetment structures. Compared to conventional sediment control dams and revetment structures, the earth retaining structure 10 is superior in terms of economy, safety, shorter construction time, and environmental friendliness. Comparing the block 12 with conventional blocks 100, it is possible to halve the amount of cement used. By utilizing discarded concrete rubble, it is sustainable and CO2-free. ２ This earth-retaining structure 10 also allows for reductions in materials.

[0049] [Embodiment 2] The number of webs 34 in a single block 12 is not limited to one. A block may have multiple webs 34.

[0050] [Embodiment 3] Block 12 may be made of chemical concrete obtained by mixing cement with a polymer admixture. The polymer admixture includes at least one of natural rubber latex (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), methylbutadiene methacrylate (MBR), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (MBR), polyacrylic acid ester (PAE), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), styrene acrylic acid ester (SAE), polypropionic acid ester (PVP), polypropylene (PP), asphalt, rubber asphalt, paraffin, mixed larex, mixed emulsion, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate (VAVeoVa), styrene acrylic acid ester (SAE), methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), calcium acrylate, magnesium acrylate, unsaturated polyester resin (UP), and epoxy resin (EP). The strength of block 12 may be increased by mixing the polymer admixture with cement. By increasing the strength of block 12, the thickness of the front flange 30, the back flange 32, and the web 34 can be reduced, further decreasing the amount of concrete used.

[0051] [Embodiment 4] The second protrusion 40 of block 12 may be provided on the lower surfaces of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32, and the second recess 38 may be provided on the upper surfaces of the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. The second protrusion 40 may be provided on the lower surface of the web 34 and the second recess 38 on the upper surface. The second recess 38 and the second protrusion 40 may be provided at least one location on the front flange 30, the rear flange 32, or the web 34. The third protrusion 44 may be provided on the left side of block 12 and the third recess 42 may be provided on the right side. The position, shape, and dimensions are not limited as long as the recesses 38, 42 and protrusions 40, 44 of adjacent blocks 12 can be fitted together and integrated.

[0052] On the right and left sides of the front flange 30 and rear flange 32 of block 54 in Figure 7, a third protrusion 56 and a third recess 58 may be provided in a straight line from the top to the bottom of block 12. Block 12 can be installed by sliding it from top to bottom while fitting the third protrusion 56 and the third recess 58 together.

[0053] [Embodiment 5] Drainage holes are provided in the block 12. This is to reduce the water pressure on the earth retaining structure 10. The drainage holes penetrate the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32. Water that has seeped into the back soil flows from the rear flange 32 to the front flange 30. Holes may also be provided in the front flange 30 and the rear flange 32 to drain water that has entered the space 46 of the block 12.

[0054] [Embodiment 6] If the height of the retaining wall increases and the stress on the concrete cannot be satisfied due to the strong influence of inertial forces caused by earthquakes, an aramid fiber sheet may be attached to the surface of the block 12. The block 12 is reinforced with the aramid fiber sheet. The aramid fiber sheet may be attached to each block 12, or the aramid fiber sheet may be attached to the tension side of the stacked blocks 12.

[0055] [Embodiment 7] As shown in Figure 8, a plate 60 may be installed on top of the retaining wall structure 10. The plate 60 is attached to the retaining wall structure 10 with double-sided mesh fiber tape. Locally endemic flora and fauna can be depicted on the plate 60 to raise awareness among local residents and tourists about the importance of the natural environment and enhance the attractiveness of the region. In addition, the surface of the front flange 30 may be decorated with an uneven surface.

[0056] [Example] To confirm the stability of the present invention, a stability calculation was performed. Figure 9 shows the earth retaining structure 10 of the present invention used in the stability calculation. The web 34 described above is fixed to the center of the front flange 30 and the back flange 32. Although not shown in Figure 9, it was assumed that the space 46 was filled with concrete shell at a ratio of 80% and soil at a ratio of 20%. Figure 10 shows a conventional earth retaining structure 110 used as a comparative example. All dimensions shown in Figures 9 and 10 are in mm. The depth direction in Figures 9(a) and 10 was set to 1000 mm.

[0057] The volume of the block 12 portion of the earth retaining structure 10 of this application is 12.80 m³. ３ The volume of the conventional earth-retaining structure 110 is 33.60 m³. ３ The amount of concrete used in the earth retention structure 10 of this invention was approximately 38% of the amount of concrete used in the conventional earth retention structure 110. It was confirmed that this invention can reduce the amount of concrete used.

[0058] Stability calculations were performed using the Forestry and Civil Engineering Consultants Foundation's erosion control dam and earth retention structure cross-section table. Table 1 shows the calculation results of vertical force components, etc., for the earth retention structure 10 of this application shown in Figure 9 and the conventional earth retention structure 110 shown in Figure 10.

[0059]

[0060] Furthermore, the stability of the earth retaining structure 10 against overturning was 1.067 m, which was greater than the eccentricity distance of 1.056 m. The stability of the earth retaining structure 10 against sliding was 1.85, which was greater than the sliding coefficient of 1.5. The stability of the earth retaining structure 10 against the bearing capacity of the ground was 700 kN / m ２ Therefore, 351.38 kN / m ２It was significantly more stable than the previous one. The stability against overturning of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 was 3389.34 kN / m ２ Therefore, it is 1217.68 kN / m ２ It was significantly more stable than the conventional structure. The stability against sliding of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 was 0.7, which was significantly more stable than 0.45. The stability against soil bearing capacity of the conventional earth retaining structure 110 was 700 kN / m2, which was significantly more stable than 287.57 kN / m2. It was confirmed that the present invention is as stable as the conventional structure, and furthermore, the amount of concrete used can be reduced.

[0061] Furthermore, the present invention can be implemented in various forms with improvements, modifications, and changes based on the knowledge of those skilled in the art, without departing from its spirit.

[0062] 10: Retaining wall structure 12, 54: Block 14: Foundation 16: Leveling concrete 18: First side of foundation 20: Second side of foundation 22: First recess 24: First protrusion 26: Irregularities on the bottom surface of the foundation 28: Irregularities on the top surface of the leveling concrete 30: Front flange 32: Back flange 34: Web 36: Soil and sand 38: Second recess 40: Second protrusion 42, 58: Third recess 44, 56: Third protrusion 46: Space 48: First inorganic material 50: Second inorganic material 52: Cap 60: Plate

Claims

1. A retaining wall structure comprising: a block including a front flange made of concrete, a back flange positioned opposite to the front flange at a distance and in contact with soil, a web made of concrete positioned between the front flange and the back flange, and a space formed between the front flange and the back flange at a position other than the web; a first inorganic material containing at least one of concrete shells or rocks placed in the space; and a second inorganic material containing soil with a particle size smaller than the first inorganic material and filling the spaces between the first inorganic materials, wherein a plurality of the blocks are stacked by overlapping the front flanges, back flanges, and webs, the first and second inorganic materials placed in the space are compacted, and the structure includes a foundation below the lowest block and leveling concrete below the foundation, wherein the foundation and leveling concrete have enhanced sliding resistance due to their uneven surfaces.

2. The earth retaining structure according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal cross-section of the blocks is constant in the stacking direction of the blocks.

3. The earth retaining structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the block includes recesses and protrusions for integrating with adjacent blocks.

4. The earth-retaining structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the block is made of chemical concrete.

5. A stability and stress calculation program for an earth retaining structure, comprising: a first calculation unit that calculates the cross-sectional area, section modulus, second moment of area, weight, and resisting moment of the front flange, back flange, and web described in claim 1; a second calculation unit that calculates the total weight and resisting moment of the first and second inorganic materials entering the space based on the volume of the space; a third calculation unit that calculates the weight and overturning moment due to at least two of the backfill soil, superimposed load, and inertial force; and a fourth calculation unit that automatically calculates so that the position of application of the external force is closer to the center of the foundation.

6. A method for constructing an earth retaining structure, comprising the steps of: laying leveling concrete; installing a foundation on the leveling concrete; preparing a block including a front flange made of concrete, a back flange positioned opposite the front flange at a distance and in contact with soil, a web made of concrete positioned between the front flange and the back flange, and a space formed between the front flange and the back flange other than the web; installing a plurality of the blocks horizontally on the foundation; filling the space with a first inorganic material including at least one of concrete shells and rock, and a second inorganic material including soil with a particle size smaller than the first inorganic material, filling the spaces between the first inorganic materials; and compacting the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material, wherein the step of installing the foundation includes a step of fitting the foundation and the leveling concrete together by their interlocking features.

7. A method for constructing an earth retaining structure according to claim 6, comprising the steps of: stacking the blocks; filling the space between the stacked blocks with a first inorganic material and a second inorganic material; and compacting the first inorganic material and the second inorganic material, wherein the horizontal cross-section of the blocks is constant in the direction in which the blocks are stacked.

8. A method for constructing an earth retaining structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the block includes recesses and protrusions for integrating with adjacent blocks, and the method includes a step of fitting the recesses and protrusions together when arranging the block.

9. A method for constructing the earth-retaining structure according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the block is made of chemical concrete.

Images