Freeze protection valve
A thermally activated freeze protection valve automatically opens and resets without tools, addressing the issue of coolant freezing in engines and equipment, ensuring effective freeze protection and quick rearming for continued use.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- AMOT CONTROLS LLC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-01
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-07
AI Technical Summary
Engines and equipment using water coolant are prone to freezing when operating in sub-freezing temperatures, necessitating manual draining and refilling of coolant to prevent damage.
A thermally activated freeze protection valve that automatically opens when temperatures drop below a threshold, allowing coolant to drain and can be easily reset without tools, using a thermal actuator element that expands and contracts with temperature changes.
Provides automatic freeze protection and quick reset capability, preventing coolant freezing and facilitating easy reuse of the valve for future cold weather operations.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024129291_07052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FREEZE PROTECTION VALVEBACKGROUND
[0001] Engines are often subjected to a variety of different operating conditions. For example, engines may be used in very hot conditions (e.g., temperatures of 100° Celsius (C) or higher) , as well as temperatures well below zero (e.g., temperatures of -20℃ or lower) . When an engine is no longer running in sub-freezing temperature ranges, the fluid used to cool the engine when the engine was running may possibly freeze. For example, in some scenarios, water is used as the engine coolant, as opposed to some type of anti-freeze. In such cases, the water may freeze or begin to freeze during freezing / near-freezing temperatures when the engine is not operating.
[0002] To avoid this possible problem, personnel associated with maintaining the engine in sub-freezing conditions may manually drain the coolant from the engine when the engine is not operating. The coolant may then be refilled at a later time prior to operating the engine. This process may be repeated as necessary.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0003] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a freeze protection valve in accordance with an exemplary embodiment;
[0004] Fig. 2 is an exploded diagram illustrating components of the freeze protection valve of Fig. 1 in accordance with an exemplary implementation;
[0005] Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating processing associated with use of the freeze protection valve of Figs. 1 and 2;
[0006] Figs. 4A and 4B are cross-sectional diagrams associated with setting / re-setting the freeze protection valve in accordance with an exemplary implementation;
[0007] Fig. 4C is an exploded view of a portion of the cross-sectional diagram of Fig. 4B illustrating the latching mechanism for resetting the valve in accordance with an exemplary implementation;
[0008] Fig. 4D is a cross-sectional diagram of the freeze protection valve when the engine is operating; and
[0009] Fig. 4E is a cross-sectional diagram of the freeze protection valve in an open or released state in accordance with an exemplary implementation.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0010] The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0011] Implementations described herein provide freeze protection for an engine or other equipment when the temperature falls below a predetermined level. In one implementation, a thermally activated freeze protection valve automatically opens or releases when the temperature falls below a predetermined level. The thermally activated valve includes an element that contracts in size during freezing or near freezing temperatures. When the element contracts, a portion of the valve assembly releases or falls away from the valve body, enabling the engine coolant to drain out through the open valve under the force of gravity. The thermally activated valve also includes a reset mechanism to enable the valve to be reset after the engine coolant has drained. In one implementation, a reset handle may be pushed or pulled to initiate a latching procedure with a portion of the valve body to enable the valve to be re-armed for another cold weather event. The reset procedure may be implemented without the use of any tool (i.e., by hand) and allows an operator to easily reset the valve for further use. In this manner, the freeze protection valve may provide for automatic freeze protection as well as facilitate quick resetting of the valve for use in any conditions.
[0012] Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of a freeze protection valve 100 (also referred to herein as valve 100) in accordance with an exemplary embodiment and Fig. 2 is an exploded diagram illustrating components of the freeze protection valve 100 of Fig. 1 in accordance with an exemplary implementation. Referring to Fig. 1, valve 100 includes a valve body assembly 110 (also referred to as valve body 110 or switch body 110) and nut assembly 150. Valve body assembly 110 includes handle 160 and extends from the upper portion of valve 100 adjacent nut assembly 150 to handle 160. The positioning shown in Fig. 1 is associated with valve body assembly 110 being engaged with nut assembly 150 and valve 100 being in the closed position. In this configuration, portions of valve body assembly 110, such as balls 133 (Fig. 2) , extend radially from valve body assembly 110 and engage with nut assembly 150 to keep valve 100 in the closed position. When the temperature falls below a predetermined level (e.g., 35° Fahrenheit (F) , 40° F or another temperature) , thermal actuator element 129 (Fig. 2) within valve body assembly 110 contracts. This contraction causes valve body assembly 110 (e.g., balls 133) to no longer engage with nut assembly 150 and drop out to open valve 100. For example, when the temperature falls below the predetermined value, balls 133 move inwardly with respect to housing 128 (Fig. 2) and away from nut assembly 150. Spring 122 (Fig. 2) then unseats from nut assembly 150 and provides a force to push valve body assembly 110 clear from contacting nut assembly 150. When valve body assembly 110 is pushed clear from nut assembly 150 based on the force / bias from spring 122, valve body assembly 110 falls away from nut assembly 150 and valve 100 is open. When valve 100 is open, the cooling fluid used to cool the engine (not shown) in which valve 100 is installed drains out of the engine, thereby avoid freezing, as described in more detail below.
[0013] Referring to Fig. 2, nut assembly 150 includes nut 121, spring 122, shoulder ring 123, O-ring 124 and spacer 125. Components 121-124 aid in nut 121 being able to be properly secured within nut assembly 150 when valve 100 is in the closed position. In one implementation, nut 121 includes features on its inner diameter to engage with valve body assembly 110 (e.g., balls 133) and components 122-125 aid in retaining and sealing valve body assembly 110 to nut assembly 150, as described in more detail below.
[0014] Valve body assembly 110 also includes valve cartridge 126, O-ring 127, housing 128, thermal actuator element 129 (also referred to herein as actuator 129 or element 129) , plunger 130, valve body cover 131, plunger spring 132, balls 133, ball blocking element 134, override pin 135, override pin spring 136, retaining ring 137, handle pin 138 and handle 160. Components 128, 129 130 and 133 allow nut 121 to automatically drop / open valve 100 based on the temperature. Components 135-138 and 160 form part of a valve reset mechanism and allow valve 100 to be reset by hand and without any special tools, as described in detail below.
[0015] In accordance with an exemplary implementation, at least a portion of thermal actuator element 129 is made from a material that expands and contracts based on the temperature. For example, a portion of thermal actuator element 129 may include material that is formulated to expand and contract within a relatively small, defined temperature range. In one implementation, thermal actuator element 129 may include a wax-based material, oil-based material or another material that expands / contracts a desired amount based on the temperature. Such a material may be similar to and / or operate in a similar manner as a wax-based material typically used in a thermostat for an automobile. As shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, thermal actuator element 129 includes a piston 129a configured to move based on the temperature of the temperature sensitive material included within thermal actuator element 129, as described in more detail below.
[0016] In one implementation, when the ambient temperature in which valve 100 is operating is greater than about 40° F to about 44° F, the temperature sensitive material within thermal actuator element 129 expands in size and drives piston 129a downward and away from nut 121. In some implementations, piston 129a may contact a compressible diagraph located in the lower portion of the open area or well area below piston 129a when piston 129a is in the expanded state. In each case, the movement of thermal actuator element 129 causes plunger 130 to move relative to housing 128 of switch body 110. As shown in Fig. 4B, this movement urges plunger 130 downward within housing 128 and causes a collar portion 130b of plunger 130 to engage balls 133. This engagement of balls 133 with respect to nut assembly 150 allows switch body 110 to be retained or held in place, as shown in Fig. 4B, and effectively close valve 100.
[0017] In addition, in an exemplary implementation, an inner surface of nut 121 may include helical or angled grooves 152 (Fig. 4A) . Balls 133 may mate with these helical or angled grooves 152 when valve body assembly 110 is inserted into nut assembly 150. These helical / angled grooves 152 aid in balls 133 and valve body assembly 110 remaining in the desired location when valve 100 is in the closed position.
[0018] When the temperature falls below a predetermined level (e.g., below 35° F) , the temperature sensitive material included within thermal actuator element 129 will begin to contract / shrink in size. The contraction causes piston 129a to retract within thermal actuator element 129. Without the pressure from piston 129a, the bias of plunger spring 132 urges plunger 130 upward within housing 128, thus moving collar portion 130b away from balls 133. This action allows balls 133 to move radially in an inward direction with respect to housing 128 and away from nut assembly 150. The movement of balls 133 radially inward allows valve body 110 to disengage and drop from nut assembly 150 under the force of spring 122 and gravity, thereby effectively opening valve 100, as described in more detail below.
[0019] As described above, thermal actuator element 129 expands and contracts, resulting in movement or displacement of thermal actuator element 129 within switch body 110. For example, in one implementation, as the temperature of thermal actuator element 129 increases to a predetermined temperature (e.g., ranging from about 40° F to about 50° F) , thermal actuator element 129 expands and the displacement of piston 129a within switch body 110 increases from zero millimeters (mm) to some predetermined length (e.g., about 2-5 mm) . In addition, as the temperature decreases from about 50° F to about 40° F, thermal actuator element 129 contacts and the displacement of piston 129a within switch body 110 decreases from about 2-5 mm to about 0 mm. It should be understood that the above temperatures and displacement values are exemplary and in other implementations, thermal actuator element 129 may be designed to expand and contract at other temperature values, and cause displacement of piston 129a of different lengths.
[0020] In each case, the displacement of piston 129a may be used to cause plunger 130 to move in a downward direction within housing 128 and retain valve body assembly 110 to nut assembly 150 when the temperature is above a threshold temperature. Contraction of thermal actuator element 129a and the corresponding movement of piston 129a also causes plunger 130 to move in an upward direction with respect to valve body assembly 110 when the temperature decreases to below the threshold temperature (e.g., freezing or near freezing temperatures) . This displacement at freezing / near freezing temperatures moves collar portion 130b of plunger 130 away from balls 133, and allows switch body assembly 110 to release from nut assembly 150 and open valve 100, as described in detail below.
[0021] Valve 100 may also be reset after the cooling fluid is drained. For example, when the temperature is below the threshold temperature, override pin 135, spring 136, retaining ring 137, handle 138 and pin 139 allow valve 100 to be latched and reset for a future cold weather event without the use of any external tool, as described in more detail below. Lanyard 140 and clamp 141 hold nut assembly 150 to other components of valve 100 to ensure that valve 100 does not get lost and is available for reuse when needed.
[0022] The exemplary configurations illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 are provided for simplicity. It should be understood that valve 100 may include more or fewer devices than illustrated in Fig. 1. Further, various functions are described below as being performed by particular components in valve 100. In other implementations, various functions described as being performed by one component / element may be performed by another component or element or multiple other components / elements, and / or various functions described as being performed by multiple components / elements may be combined and performed by a single component / element.
[0023] As described above, valve 100 may be used to provide freeze protection with respect to an engine that may be used in freezing conditions. Fig. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating processing associated with use of freeze protection valve 100 in accordance with an exemplary implementation, and Figs. 4A-4E illustrate various states of freeze protection valve 100 associated with the processing of Fig. 3.
[0024] In accordance with an exemplary implementation, a user associated with operating an engine or other equipment that uses cooling fluid in cold weather conditions may elect to use valve 100 to protect the engine or other equipment from freezing in cold weather conditions. In such implementations, the engine may be configured to receive valve 100 in a lower portion of the engine block. In one implementation, the portion of the engine block that includes valve 100 is the lowest point in the engine block, such that all fluids within the engine block flow to valve 100 under the force of gravity. Processing may begin with inserting valve body assembly 110 into nut assembly 150 (block 310) . For example, referring to Fig. 4A, valve 100 is shown in the open or released position prior to operation of the engine in which valve 100 is to be used. That is, valve body assembly 110 is not located within the upper portion of valve 100 and does not contact nut assembly 150. A user may then insert valve body assembly 110 into the upper portion of valve 100, as illustrated in Fig. 4B. Moving valve body assembly 110 into the upper portion of valve 100 may be performed in a number of ways, such as grasping valve body 110 by hand and simply pushing and / or turning valve body 110 upward into nut assembly 150, pushing handle 160 to move valve body 110 into nut assembly 150, etc.
[0025] In scenarios in which the temperature is below the predetermined threshold temperature, and valve body assembly 110 is located in the position illustrated in Fig. 4B, a user may then pull and / or push handle 160 to set and / or reset valve 100 for cold weather operations (block 320) . For example, in one implementation, a user may pull and / push handle 160 until an annular groove 430 included in plunger 130 is on a same lateral plane as override pin 135. The user may then push override pin 135 until override pin 135 engages with annular groove 430 of plunger 130, as shown in area 410 in Fig. 4B (block 320) . Referring to Fig. 4B, when override pin 135 engages with the annular groove 430 of plunger 130, valve 100 is closed and the thermal actuator element 129 is essentially overridden. That is, regardless of the state of thermal actuator element 129 and piston 129a, balls 133 engage nut assembly 150 such that valve body assembly 110 is engaged with nut assembly 150, as shown in Fig. 4B.
[0026] In an alternative implementation, resetting valve body assembly 110 for a cold weather event may be performed prior to valve body assembly 110 being inserted to engage with nut assembly 150. For example, valve 100 may be armed / reset using handle 160 as described above prior to inserting valve body assembly 110 to engage with nut assembly 150 in the position shown in Fig. 4B. In addition, in situations in which the ambient temperature is greater than the threshold temperature, valve 100 may not need to be reset as described above. For example, valve body assembly 110 may be inserted to nut assembly 150 without performing any reset operation and valve 100 may be set for automatic operation mode.
[0027] Fig. 4C is an exploded view of area 410 when the valve is reset for a cold weather event. Referring to Fig. 4C, area 410 illustrates plunger 130 and override 135 pin being latched. For example, plunger 130 includes annular groove 430 with a latch groove 432 that receives an end portion 442 of override pin 135. As illustrated, end portion 442 of override pin 135 mates with latch groove 432 of plunger 130 under the bias of plunger spring 132. In this configuration, switch body 110 is engaged with nut assembly 150 and valve 100 is locked / closed, even when thermal actuator 129 is not expanded (e.g., piston 129a is retracted) . The engine in which valve 100 is installed may then be filled with cooling fluid (e.g., water) (block 330) .
[0028] Assume that the engine begins operating (block 330) . When the engine is operating, the temperature of the engine and the temperature of valve 100 increase (block 330) . For example, the temperature of the cooling fluid and the temperature of valve 100 may increase to greater than a predetermined threshold (e.g., 40° F) . In this scenario, the temperature sensitive material in thermal actuator element 129 expands causing movement of plunger 130 in a downward direction toward handle 160 (block 340) . As a result of the movement of plunger 130 caused by actuation of thermal actuator element 129 (e.g., piston 129a) , override pin 135 disengages with the groove 432 of plunger 130 based in part on the preload force imparted on plunger 130 by spring 136 (block 340) . Valve 100 illustrated in Fig. 4D is then locked into an operational position in which valve 100 is closed and override pin 135 is disengaged.
[0029] For example, referring to Fig. 4D, portion 442 of override pin 135 disengages with plunger 130 and the valve 100 is in the closed position and configured for the automatic mode of operation. In the automatic mode, when the engine and coolant temperatures are above, for example, 35-40° F, valve body 110 remains closed as shown in Fig. 4D. That is, ifthe temperature is not less than the threshold (block 350 -no) , valve 100 may remain in the closed position with element 129 being in an expanded state and balls 133 engaged with nut assembly 150 to allow valve body 110 to remain coupled to nut assembly 150. If, however, the temperature of valve 100 falls below the threshold (block 350 -yes) , thermal actuator element 129 may contract (block 360) . In this case, as described above, the balls 133 may move radially in an inward direction with respect to valve body 128 and no longer contact nut assembly 150. In this scenario, valve body assembly 110 disengages or drops from nut assembly 110 and valve 100 is open (block 360) .
[0030] For example, ifthe engine stops operating and the temperature is less than the threshold temperature, valve body assembly 110 automatically disengages / drops out of contact with nut assembly 150, as illustrated in Fig. 4E. The cooling fluid may then drain from the engine, thereby avoiding freezing.
[0031] In this manner, valve 100 provides freeze protection for an engine or other equipment that uses cooling fluid, such as water, that may freeze in near freezing or sub-freezing temperatures.
[0032] Implementations described herein provide freeze protection for an engine or system when the temperature falls below a predetermined level by using a valve that automatically opens based on the particular ambient temperature. In addition, the valve may be easily reset without the use of any tool to facilitate quick reuse when an engine is restarted.
[0033] The foregoing description of exemplary implementations provides illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the embodiments.
[0034] For example, aspects have been described above with respect to use of valve 100 within an engine or system that may operate in cold weather conditions, such as a locomotive engine, an engine used in drilling or mining operations, etc. In other implementation, valve 100 may be used with other equipment and / or systems operating in cold weather conditions. For example, valve 100 may be used in a device or system that include a pipe (e.g., a pipeline) that uses cooling fluid that may freeze.
[0035] In addition, aspects have been described above with respect to using an expandable element 129 to actuate or initiate the opening of valve 100. In other implementations, other types of temperature-based sensors may be used to actuate the opening of valve 100. For example, in some implementations, an electrical sensor or an electro-mechanical sensor may detect the temperature and provide an appropriate action to initiate the opening of valve 100. In this scenario, a battery may power the electrical / electro-mechanical sensor and / or actuator to open valve 100.
[0036] Further, aspects have been described above with respect to a reset mechanism including handle 160. In other implementations, the reset mechanism may not be needed. For example, in some implementations, valve body 110 may be placed in warm water after the engine has drained. Valve body assembly 110 may then be moved into place adjacent nut assembly 150. In this implementation, the warm water may heat element 129 and cause balls 133 to engage with nut assembly 150 without the need for a reset mechanism as described above.
[0037] Further, while series of acts have been described with respect to Fig. 3, the order of the acts may be different in other implementations. Moreover, non-dependent acts may be implemented in parallel.
[0038] It will be apparent that various features described above may be implemented in many different forms of software, firmware, and hardware in the implementations illustrated in the figures. The actual software code or specialized control hardware used to implement the various features is not limiting. Thus, the operation and behavior of the features were described without reference to the specific software code -it being understood that one of ordinary skill in the art would be able to design software and control hardware to implement the various features based on the description herein.
[0039] Further, certain portions of the invention may be implemented as “logic” that performs one or more functions. This logic may include hardware, such as one or more processors, microprocessor, application specific integrated circuits, field programmable gate arrays or other processing logic, software, or a combination of hardware and software.
[0040] In the preceding specification, various preferred embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereto, and additional embodiments may be implemented, without departing from the broader scope of the invention as set forth in the claims that follow. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than restrictive sense.
[0041] No element, act, or instruction used in the description of the present application should be construed as critical or essential to the invention unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the article “a” is intended to include one or more items. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based, at least in part, on” unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Claims
1.A device configured to act as a valve for a system including cooling fluid, the device comprising:a nut assembly configured to be coupled to the system;a valve body configured to be coupled to the nut assembly, the valve body comprising:a thermal actuator element;a first component configured to contact the nut assembly when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is greater than a threshold, and to allow the valve body to de-couple from the nut assembly when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is less than the threshold; anda reset mechanism configured to reset the device after the valve body has de-coupled from the nut assembly, wherein the reset mechanism comprises a handle.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the reset mechanism further comprises:a retaining device configured to override the thermal actuator element such that the first component contacts the nut assembly when the device is reset.3.The device of claim 2, wherein the retaining device includes a pin configured to automatically disengage with a portion of the valve body when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is greater than the threshold, andwherein when the pin disengages with the portion of the valve body, the device is configured for an automatic operating mode.4.The device of claim 1, wherein the first component comprises balls configured to contact the nut assembly when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is greater than the threshold and maintain the valve in the closed position.5.The device of claim 4, wherein the nut assembly comprise a nut and a nut spring, wherein the balls are configured to move inwardly with respect to the valve body when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is less than the threshold temperature, andwherein when the balls move inwardly, the nut spring exerts a force on the valve body to decouple the valve body from the nut assembly.6.The device of claim 1, wherein the thermal actuator element comprises a wax-based or oil-based component.7.The device of claim 1, wherein the reset mechanism is configured to allow a user to reset the device by hand and without the use of a tool.8.The device of claim 1, wherein the system includes an engine and the cooling fluid is water.9.The device of claim 1, wherein the system comprises a pipe configured to transport fluid.10.A device, comprising:a nut assembly configured to be coupled to a system including fluid;a valve body configured to be coupled to the nut assembly, the valve body comprising a sensor component configured to control a state of the device based on the temperature; anda reset mechanism configured to reset the device after the valve body has de-coupled from the nut assembly, wherein the reset mechanism is operated without the use of a tool.11.The device of claim 10, wherein the sensor component comprises:a thermal actuator element, andwherein the valve body further comprises elements configured to contact the nut assembly when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is greater than a threshold, and to not contact the nut assembly and allow the valve body to de-couple from the nut assembly when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is less than the threshold.12.The device of claim 11, wherein the reset mechanism comprises:a retaining device configured to override the thermal actuator element such that balls included in the valve body contact the nut assembly when the device is reset.13.The device of claim 12, wherein the retaining device includes a pin configured to automatically disengage with a portion of the valve body when the temperature of the thermal actuator element is greater than the threshold, andwherein when the pin disengages with the portion of the valve body, the device is configured for an automatic operating mode.14.The device of claim 13, wherein the reset mechanism further comprises a handle configured to be pushed or pulled to engage the pin with the portion of the valve body,wherein when the temperature of the valve body is greater than the threshold, the device is configured for the automatic operating mode.15.The device of claim 13, wherein the portion of the valve body includes a plunger configured to engage with the pin to reset the device and override the sensor component.16.The device of claim 10, wherein when the valve body disengages from the nut, the state of the device corresponds to an open position.17.The device of claim 10, wherein the sensor component comprise a wax-based or oil-based component that expands when the temperature increases.18.The device of claim 10, wherein the system includes an engine or a pipe.19.A method to provide freeze protection to a system using a device comprising a body portion and a nut assembly, the method comprising:using the device as a valve configured to open when the temperature of the body portion is less than a threshold, wherein using the device as a valve comprises:engaging, by the body portion, the nut assembly when the temperature of the body portion is greater than the threshold, wherein the engaging closes the valve, anddisengaging the body portion from the nut assembly when the temperature of the body portion is less than the threshold, wherein the disengaging opens the valve; andresetting the valve using a reset mechanism comprising a handle configured to reset the device and without the use of a tool.20.The method of claim 19, wherein the resetting further comprises:engaging a reset mechanism such that the body portion engages with the nut assembly independent of a temperature of the body portion; andautomatically disengaging the reset mechanism when the temperature of the body portion is greater than the threshold.
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