Antenna structure, circuit board assembly, and electronic device

Abstract

Embodiments of the present application relate to the technical field of antennas, provide an antenna structure, a circuit board assembly and an electronic device, and are used for solving the problem of miniaturization of electronic devices in the context of continuous elevation of communication specifications. The antenna structure provided in the embodiments of the present application comprises: a waveguide structure, a feed stub, and at least two radiation slots. The waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide, and a waveguide cavity is provided along a first direction. Radiation slots extending in the same direction are provided on the waveguide structure. The waveguide structure comprises a first end and a second end opposite to each other, and the feed stub comprises a third end and a fourth end opposite to each other. At least a part of the feed stub is located within the waveguide cavity, the third end is electrically connected to the waveguide structure, and the fourth end serves as a feed point. With respect to the second end of the waveguide structure, the position of the feed stub electrically connected to the waveguide structure is close to the first end of the waveguide structure. In this case, the antenna structure is used for generating a first resonance of a first communication frequency band, a second resonance of a second communication frequency band, and a third resonance of a third communication frequency band.

Description

An antenna structure, a circuit board assembly, and an electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411545245.2, filed with the State Intellectual Property Office of China on October 31, 2024, entitled “An Antenna Structure, Circuit Board Assembly and Electronic Equipment”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna structure, circuit board assembly, and electronic device. Background Technology

[0003] With the development of wireless communication, various application scenarios place increasingly higher demands on the performance of wireless communication networks. To adapt to these increasingly stringent communication specifications, the number of antennas integrated into electronic devices is also increasing. Increasing the antenna spacing is a direct and effective way to ensure isolation between multiple antennas, but this approach conflicts with the need for improved communication specifications and miniaturization of electronic devices. If prioritizing the size of the electronic device, the distance between antennas needs to be reduced, leading to enhanced coupling effects between multiple antennas and affecting signal purity and radiation efficiency. If prioritizing communication specifications, the number of antennas needs to be increased, and the structure of the electronic device needs to be adapted to the antenna layout, thus increasing the size of the electronic device. Therefore, there is a contradiction between improving communication specifications and miniaturizing electronic devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna structure, a circuit board assembly, and an electronic device, which solves the problem of miniaturization of electronic devices in the context of continuously improving communication specifications.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of this application provides an antenna structure, including: a waveguide structure, a feed stub, and at least two radiating slots. The waveguide structure has a waveguide cavity along a first direction, the cross-section of which has a rectangular opening shape and is perpendicular to the first direction. The radiating slots are formed on the waveguide structure and extend in the same direction. At least a portion of the feed stub is located within the waveguide cavity. The waveguide structure includes opposing first and second ends, and the feed stub includes opposing third and fourth ends. The third end of the feed stub is electrically connected to the waveguide structure, and the fourth end of the feed stub serves as a feed point. The position where the feed stub is electrically connected to the waveguide structure is closer to the first end of the waveguide structure than to the second end. The antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance in a first communication frequency band, a second resonance in a second communication frequency band, and a third resonance in a third communication frequency band.

[0007] The antenna structure provided in this application embodiment is electrically connected to and fed by a feed source at the fourth end (i.e., the feed point) of the feed stub. In this case, when the antenna structure operates within the first communication frequency band and generates a first resonance, the antenna structure has a first operating mode. Similarly, when the antenna structure operates within the first communication frequency band and generates a second resonance, the antenna structure has a second operating mode. When the antenna structure operates within the first communication frequency band and generates a third resonance, the antenna structure has a third operating mode. Thus, the first, second, and third resonances generated by the antenna structure can correspond to the first, second, and third operating modes of the antenna structure, respectively. Based on this, the antenna structure can transmit and receive signals in the first communication frequency band in the first operating mode, transmit and receive signals in the second communication frequency band in the second operating mode, and transmit and receive signals in the third communication frequency band in the third operating mode, thereby achieving an antenna structure operating frequency band coverage of the first, second, and third communication frequency bands. This allows multiple operating modes to be integrated into a single antenna structure, without increasing the number of antennas while maintaining communication specifications. This avoids the impact of an increased number of antennas on the size of electronic devices, and thus solves the problem of miniaturization of electronic devices in the context of continuously improving communication specifications.

[0008] Furthermore, the rectangular shape of the waveguide cavity opening indicates that the waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide. Rectangular waveguides have low attenuation, simple structure, are easy to manufacture, and have no radiation loss. Compared to other shapes, rectangular waveguides can be stacked more compactly, improving space utilization. Using rectangular waveguides also helps in the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the waveguide structure includes a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall. These sidewalls are sequentially connected to enclose a waveguide cavity. The third end of the feed stub is located on the side of the second sidewall, and the fourth end of the feed stub extends out of the fourth sidewall. Radiation slots are formed on the first, second, or third sidewall. Given that the waveguide cavity opening is rectangular, the first and third sidewalls are opposite each other and equal in size, as are the second and fourth sidewalls. The fourth end of the feed stub extending out of the fourth sidewall means that the fourth sidewall is the feed sidewall. The first, second, and third sidewalls are non-feed sidewalls. The radiation slots are located on the non-feed sidewalls, not directly on the feed path, which reduces electromagnetic coupling between adjacent radiation slots and helps ensure the antenna structure's feed efficiency and radiation performance.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the rectangle has two long sides and two short sides. The first and third sidewalls are located on the two short sides, and the second and fourth sidewalls are located on the two long sides. A radiating slot is formed on either the first or third sidewall. This way, when the rectangular waveguide is stacked with other structures (e.g., a PCB board), one sidewall will be in contact with another structure. Since the fourth sidewall is the feed sidewall, choosing to have it in contact with other structures facilitates connection to the feed point and external feed source. In this case, the radiating slot is located on either the first or third sidewall to prevent interference from other structures on the signal radiated by the antenna structure.

[0011] In one possible implementation, multiple radiating slots extending in parallel directions and of the same length form a slot array. In this way, each radiating slot in the slot array can be regarded as a radiation source, and the radiation fields of multiple radiating slots are superimposed in space to form a stronger radiation field, thereby improving the antenna gain and directivity.

[0012] One possible implementation includes at least three radial slots, with equal spacing between any two adjacent slots. This is because, in addition to having parallel extension directions and the same length, the array of slots consisting of three or more radial slots must also have equal spacing between adjacent slots.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the extension directions of multiple radiating slots overlap, and these extension directions are parallel to a first direction. This ensures that the direction of the radiating slots is parallel to the waveguide extension direction. This design simplifies and standardizes the fabrication of the antenna structure, facilitates achieving equal spacing between slots, and guarantees the performance of the slot array. This design also helps the antenna structure generate a first, second, and third resonance.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure further includes a ridge structure. The ridge structure is located within the waveguide cavity and extends along a first direction. Along the extension direction of the feed stub, the ridge structure includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is electrically connected to a fourth sidewall, and a gap exists between the second surface and the second sidewall. Thus, a ridge structure is contained within a rectangular waveguide, referred to as a rectangular ridge waveguide. In a rectangular ridge waveguide, the waveguide ridge affects the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields, resulting in a longer cutoff wavelength for the dominant mode compared to a typical rectangular waveguide. With the same cross-sectional dimensions, the rectangular ridge waveguide has a wider single-mode operating bandwidth. In other words, with the same bandwidth, the ridge waveguide has a smaller cross-sectional dimension. That is, the ridge waveguide has better transmission characteristics and a wider operating bandwidth compared to a rectangular waveguide. The application of ridge waveguides is beneficial for the miniaturization of antenna structures.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the ridge structure includes: a first part and a second part. The surface of the first part facing the fourth sidewall is a first surface. The second part is located on the side of the first part facing away from the fourth sidewall. The second part is connected to the first part. The surface of the second part facing the second sidewall is a second surface. The first cross-section of the first part and the second cross-section of the second part form a T-shape. The vertical projection of the first part onto the fourth sidewall is within the range of the vertical projection of the second part onto the fourth sidewall. The first and second cross-sections are perpendicular to a first direction. Thus, since the first cross-section of the first part and the second cross-section of the second part form a T-shape, the ridge is T-shaped. The T-shaped ridge can compress the electric field and make the electric field distribution between the ridges more uniform, resulting in better miniaturization.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the feed stub is located on the side of the ridge structure facing the first end. A first gap H1, less than 10 mm, exists between the feed stub and the ridge structure. This allows the feed point to more directly excite electromagnetic waves within the waveguide, as the waveguide ridge is a high-electric-field region inside the waveguide, resulting in higher efficiency in energy conversion to radiation and improving the overall radiation performance of the antenna.

[0017] In one possible implementation, the radiating slot generates half-wavelength closed-slot radiation modes in the first, second, and third communication frequency bands. This results in a radiating slot length close to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band, and the radiating slot's radiation characteristics are similar to a small dipole antenna, exhibiting good directivity. This allows the antenna structure to reduce interference with other systems and improve the system's anti-interference capability.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the first communication frequency band is 5.04GHz-5.36GHz, the second communication frequency band is 5.36GHz-6.08GHz, and the third communication frequency band is 6.08GHz-6.42GHz. Along the first direction, the physical length of the radiating slot is 28–34 mm. Thus, when the physical length of the radiating slot is 28–34 mm, the electrical length of the radiating slot is half the waveguide wavelength of the current operating frequency band. That is, when the physical length is 28–34 mm, the slot has high impedance characteristics, which can be well matched with the impedance of the waveguide structure, thereby ensuring the effective transmission of energy radiated by the antenna structure. This results in the antenna structure having the advantages of high radiation efficiency and low feed loss.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes two adjacent radiating slots, designated as a first radiating slot and a second radiating slot. A second spacing H2 exists between the first and second radiating slots. When the antenna structure generates a first resonance in a first communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the first communication band. When the antenna structure generates a second resonance in a second communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the second communication band. When the antenna structure generates a third resonance in a third communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the third communication band. Thus, when the spacing between the first and second radiating slots is one operating wavelength, the first and second radiating slots have the same phase and radiated energy direction. The radiated energy of the first and second radiating slots is superimposed in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure, thereby improving the antenna gain.

[0020] In another possible implementation, the antenna structure includes two adjacent radiating slots, designated as a first radiating slot and a second radiating slot, respectively. A second spacing H2 exists between the first and second radiating slots. When the antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the first communication frequency band. When the antenna structure is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the second communication frequency band. When the antenna structure is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the third communication frequency band.

[0021] In another possible implementation, the antenna structure includes two adjacent radiating slots, designated as a first radiating slot and a second radiating slot, respectively. A second spacing H2 exists between the first and second radiating slots. When the antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the first communication frequency band. When the antenna structure is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the second communication frequency band. When the antenna structure is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the third communication frequency band.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes two adjacent radiating slots, designated as a first radiating slot and a second radiating slot. The first communication frequency band is 5.04 GHz–5.36 GHz. The second communication frequency band is 5.36 GHz–6.08 GHz; and the third communication frequency band is 6.08 GHz–6.42 GHz. A second spacing H2 exists between the first and second radiating slots; the physical length of the second spacing H2 along a first direction is 50–60 mm. Thus, when the physical length of the second spacing H2 is 50–60 mm, the first and second radiating slots are in phase and have the same radiated energy direction. The radiated energy of the first and second radiating slots is superimposed in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna structure, thereby improving the gain of the antenna structure.

[0023] In one possible implementation, when the antenna structure generates a first resonance in the first communication frequency band, along the first direction, from the position where the waveguide structure is electrically connected to the feed branch to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end, the current distributed on the waveguide structure is 3.5 current cycles; the current in the waveguide cavity is distributed as a standing wave; and the electric field directions on the first radiation slot and the second radiation slot are the same.

[0024] In one possible implementation, when the antenna structure generates a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, along the first direction, from the position where the waveguide structure is electrically connected to the feed branch to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end, the current distributed on the waveguide structure is 4 current cycles; the current in the waveguide cavity is distributed in a traveling wave pattern; and the electric field directions on the first radiation slot and the second radiation slot are the same.

[0025] In one possible implementation, when the antenna structure generates a third resonance in the third communication band, along the first direction, from the position where the waveguide structure is electrically connected to the feed branch to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end, the current distributed on the waveguide structure is 4.5 current cycles; the current in the waveguide cavity is distributed as a standing wave; and the electric field directions on the first radiation slot and the second radiation slot are the same.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the first radiating slot is the radiating slot closest to the second end in the slot array. A third spacing H3 exists between the side of the first radiating slot facing the second end and the second end, wherein the range of the third spacing H3 is... Where n is a natural number. In this way, when the waveguide end is open and the antenna structure generates a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, the current in the lower waveguide cavity will exhibit a traveling wave distribution.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the waveguide structure includes a fifth sidewall disposed at the second end; the fifth sidewall is electrically connected to the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls; the first radiating slot is the radiating slot closest to the second end in the slot array; the side of the first radiating slot facing the second end has a third spacing H3 between it and the second end, wherein the range of the third spacing H3 is... Where n is a natural number. In this way, when the waveguide end is short-circuited and the antenna structure generates a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, the current in the lower waveguide cavity will exhibit a traveling wave distribution.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes at least one antenna body. The at least one antenna body includes a first antenna body and a second antenna body. The first and second antenna bodies are arranged along a second direction. The third sidewall of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body is connected to the first sidewall of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body. Radiation slots are formed on the first or fourth sidewall of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body, and radiation slots are formed on the third or fourth sidewall of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body. In this way, since both the waveguide structures of the first and second antenna bodies are rectangular waveguides, multiple antenna bodies can be compactly arranged, improving space utilization and facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna structure.

[0029] A second aspect of this application provides a circuit board assembly, including: a circuit board, a chip, a feed source, and an antenna structure provided in the first aspect of this application. The chip is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit board. The feed source is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit board. The antenna structure is disposed on the circuit board, and the second end of a feed stub in the antenna structure is electrically connected to the feed source. The waveguide cavity of the antenna structure is multiplexed as a heat dissipation cavity for cooling the chip.

[0030] In circuit board assembly design, heat dissipation structures are typically cavity structures or sheet structures with thermal conductivity. In the circuit board assembly provided in this application embodiment, since the antenna structure has a waveguide structure and a waveguide cavity, and the waveguide structure is usually made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, the waveguide cavity of the antenna structure can be reused as the heat dissipation cavity of the heat dissipation structure. The antenna structure can be reused as a heat dissipation structure, thus eliminating the need to set up a separate heat dissipation structure in the circuit board assembly, thereby reducing the number of components in the electronic device and reducing the size of the electronic device.

[0031] In one possible implementation, the antenna structure includes at least one antenna body. The at least one antenna body includes a first antenna body and a second antenna body. The first and second antenna bodies are arranged along a second direction. The waveguide cavities of the first and second antenna bodies are multiplexed as a heat dissipation cavity for cooling the chip. In this way, the circuit board assembly can include multiple antenna structures, and the waveguide cavities of the multiple antenna structures can all be multiplexed as a heat dissipation cavity for cooling the chip, thereby further improving the heat dissipation and transmission performance of the circuit board assembly.

[0032] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device, a housing, and a circuit board assembly as provided in the second aspect of this application. The circuit board assembly is located within the housing. This electronic device has the same technical effects as the antenna structure provided in the foregoing embodiments, and will not be described again here. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the working scenario of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, with the slot opened on the third sidewall;

[0036] Figure 3B is a view of Figure 3A along the y-direction in one implementation, where the third end is directly connected to the waveguide structure;

[0037] Figure 3C is a view along the y-direction of Figure 3A in another implementation, with the third end coupled to the waveguide structure;

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, with the slot opened in the second sidewall;

[0039] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the slot array is a linear array;

[0040] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the slot array is a triangular grid array;

[0041] Figure 7A is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, wherein the waveguide is a ridge waveguide;

[0042] Figure 7B is a view of Figure 7A in the opposite direction along the z-direction;

[0043] Figure 7C is a cross-sectional view of Figure 7A parallel to the xz plane;

[0044] Figure 8A is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application, where the ridge is T-shaped;

[0045] Figure 8B is a view of Figure 8A along the y-direction;

[0046] Figure 8C is a cross-sectional view of Figure 8A parallel to the xy plane;

[0047] Figure 8D is a view of Figure 8A in the opposite direction along the x-direction;

[0048] Figure 9A shows the current distribution of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it is operating in the first communication frequency band.

[0049] Figure 9B shows the electric field distribution of the antenna structure in Figure 8A operating in the first communication frequency band;

[0050] Figure 9C is a cross-sectional view of the electric field intensity when the antenna structure in Figure 8A is operating in the first communication frequency band.

[0051] Figure 9D shows the radiation pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it is operating in the first communication frequency band.

[0052] Figure 10A shows the current distribution of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it operates in the second communication frequency band.

[0053] Figure 10B shows the electric field distribution of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it operates in the second communication frequency band.

[0054] Figure 10C is a cross-sectional view of the electric field intensity when the antenna structure in Figure 8A is operating in the second communication frequency band.

[0055] Figure 10D shows the radiation pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it operates in the second communication frequency band;

[0056] Figure 11A shows the current distribution of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it operates in the third communication frequency band.

[0057] Figure 11B shows the electric field distribution of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it operates in the third communication frequency band.

[0058] Figure 11C is a cross-sectional view of the electric field intensity when the antenna structure in Figure 8A is operating in the third communication frequency band;

[0059] Figure 11D shows the radiation pattern of the antenna structure in Figure 8A when it operates in the third communication frequency band;

[0060] Figure 12 shows the return loss diagram of the antenna structure in Figure 8A;

[0061] Figure 13 shows the system efficiency of the antenna structure in Figure 8A;

[0062] Figure 14A is a schematic diagram of another antenna structure provided in an embodiment of this application. The antenna structure includes two antenna bodies.

[0063] Figure 14B is a view of Figure 14A along the y-direction;

[0064] Figure 15 shows a circuit board assembly provided in an embodiment of this application, including two antenna bodies as shown in Figure 9A, namely a first antenna body and a second antenna body;

[0065] Figure 16 shows the return loss diagram of the first antenna body in Figure 15;

[0066] Figure 17 shows the system efficiency of the first antenna body in Figure 15;

[0067] Figure 18 shows the antenna radiation patterns of the first antenna body in Figure 15 operating in different frequency bands.

[0068] Reference numerals: 01-Electronic device; 011-Housing; 02-Circuit board assembly; 021-Circuit board; 03-Antenna structure; 0301-First end; 0302-Second end; 031-Waveguide structure; 0311-First sidewall; 0312-Second sidewall; 0313-Third sidewall; 0314-Fourth sidewall; 032-Waveguide cavity; 033-Feed stub; 0331-Third end; 0332-Fourth end; 034-Radiating slot; 0341-First radiating slot; 0342-Second radiating slot; 0343-Third radiating slot; 036-Ridge structure; 03A-First antenna body; 03B-Second antenna body; F1-First communication band; F2-Second communication band; F3-Third communication band. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the application will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0071] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "upper" and "lower" are defined relative to the orientation in which the components are schematically placed in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation in which the components are placed in the accompanying drawings.

[0072] In the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application, components are represented by guide lines with arrows, parts are represented by guide lines only, and dummy structures such as cavities and openings are represented by guide lines with wavy lines at the ends.

[0073] This application provides an electronic device. This electronic device can transmit and receive signals via an antenna. The electronic device can employ one or more of the following communication technologies: Bluetooth (BT), Global Positioning System (GPS), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, and other future communication technologies.

[0074] The electronic devices in this application embodiment may include devices that directly interface with the operator's network, including but not limited to: Customer Premise Equipment (CPE), telephones, wireless routers, firewalls, computers, optical modems, and 4G-to-WiFi wireless routers. Electronic devices may also include mobile phones, tablets, laptops, smart home devices, smart bracelets, smartwatches, smart helmets, and smart glasses. Furthermore, electronic devices may include: handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to a wireless modem, in-vehicle devices, electronic devices in 5G networks, or electronic devices in future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs), etc., but this application embodiment is not limited in this regard.

[0075] For ease of explanation, the following explanation will use WiFi as the communication technology and CPE as the electronic device.

[0076] WiFi communication technology is a wireless network transmission technology that converts wired network signals into wireless signals for reception by compatible terminal devices. WiFi can also be referred to as "Wi-Fi," "WiFi," "WIfI," or simply "wifi." Terminal devices capable of WiFi connections need to be equipped with WiFi antennas for transmitting and receiving signals. WiFi antennas operate in the following frequency bands: 2.4 GHz (2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz), where antennas can be called WiFi 2.4 GHz or 2.4 GHz WiFi; and 5 GHz (5.15 GHz to 5.85 GHz), where antennas can be called WiFi 5 GHz or 5 GHz WiFi.

[0077] As shown in Figure 1, the function of a CPE is a signal repeater. WiFi routers have limited range for spreading network signals; the signal is weakened when encountering obstacles such as walls. A signal repeater can then relay the WiFi signal, expanding the WiFi coverage area. Compared to other WiFi signal amplifiers, CPEs not only relay WiFi signals but can also relay 4G or 5G network signals emitted by carrier base stations via a built-in Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) card, converting the 4G or 5G signals into WiFi signals for other devices to connect to. CPE devices typically support multiple mobile terminals simultaneously and are widely applicable in homes, hospitals, factories, shopping malls, offices, and other locations. Compared to wired networks, their application scenarios are more flexible, and network setup is more convenient.

[0078] As shown in Figure 2, an electronic device such as a CPE (Content Provider Equipment) includes a housing 011 and a circuit board assembly 02. The circuit board assembly 02 is located within the cavity enclosed by the housing 011. The electronic device 01 may also include an antenna structure 03 (also called an "antenna"). This application embodiment does not limit the form and arrangement of the antenna structure 03 in the electronic device 01. The antenna 03 can be a printed circuit board (PCB) antenna, a bracket antenna, a wall-mounted antenna, etc. Figure 2 illustrates an example where the antenna structure 03 is a PCB printed antenna, arranged on the circuit board assembly 02. Since antenna (also called an "antenna structure") signal transmission cannot penetrate metal, in the design of the electronic device 03, an area free of other conductive materials or electromagnetic interference bodies needs to be reserved around the antenna structure 03 to keep it away from various metal components, thus ensuring the omnidirectional communication effect of the antenna. This area is called the "clearance".

[0079] With the development of communication technology, Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) technology has been widely applied to terminal products, resulting in an increasing number of antennas in electronic devices such as CPE equipment. This increase in antenna numbers presents new challenges for electronic devices using various antenna types. For example, PCB-printed antennas face significant clearance issues, bracket antennas face increased assembly complexity due to increased materials, and wall-mounted small board antennas face complex cable management. Solving these problems requires providing more internal space for electronic devices, posing a challenge to miniaturization. Therefore, maintaining miniaturization of electronic devices while continuously improving communication standards is a key issue in electronic device antenna design.

[0080] To address the aforementioned problems, this application provides an antenna structure that can solve the miniaturization problem of electronic devices in the context of continuously improving communication specifications. For ease of description, xyz coordinate axes are established in the accompanying drawings. The y-direction is referred to as the first direction y, the x-direction as the second direction x, and the z-direction as the third direction z.

[0081] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the antenna structure 03 includes: a waveguide structure 031, a feed stub 033, and at least two radiation slots 034, such as a first radiation slot 0341 and a second radiation slot 0342. The waveguide structure 031 has a waveguide cavity 032 formed along a first direction y. The cross-section of the waveguide cavity 032 has a rectangular opening shape and is perpendicular to the first direction y. The first radiation slot 0341 and the second radiation slot 0342 are formed on the waveguide structure 031 and extend in the same direction. At least a portion of the feed stub 033 is located within the waveguide cavity 032. The waveguide structure 031 includes a first end 0301 and a second end 0302 opposite to each other. As shown in FIG3B, which is a schematic diagram along the first direction y in FIG3A, the feed stub 033 includes a third end 0331 and a fourth end 0332 opposite to each other. The third end 0331 of the feed stub 033 is electrically connected to the waveguide structure 031, and the fourth end 0332 of the feed stub 033 serves as a feed point (used for electrically connecting the feed source). The position where the feed stub 033 and the waveguide structure 031 are electrically connected is closer to the first end 0301 of the waveguide structure 031 than to the second end 0302. The antenna structure 03 is used to generate a first resonance in a first communication band, a second resonance in a second communication band, and a third resonance in a third communication band.

[0082] It is understood that the extension direction of the radial slot 034 is the extension direction of the opening direction of the radial slot 034. Optionally, the shape of the radial slot is linear. The extension direction of the radial slot refers to the extension direction of the straight line containing the radial slot. Optionally, the shape of the radial slot is rectangular. The extension direction of the radial slot refers to the extension direction along the straight line containing the wide side of the rectangle.

[0083] It is understandable that resonance refers to an antenna (also called an "antenna structure") reaching an optimized electromagnetic energy conversion state at a specific frequency, at which point the antenna can transmit or receive electromagnetic waves with maximum efficiency. The frequency at which resonance occurs is called the resonant frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, called the antenna's bandwidth. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance is called the center frequency. In this embodiment, the resonant frequency range is defined as the frequency range with a return loss of less than -6dB.

[0084] It is understood that an antenna can resonate within more than one frequency range, each frequency range being called a "mode". Each mode has a corresponding center frequency. If the frequency range of all modes can cover a continuous wide frequency range, the antenna is a broadband antenna. If the frequency range of all modes cannot cover a continuous wide frequency range, the antenna is a multi-band antenna. The antenna structure provided in this application corresponds to either a broadband antenna or a multi-band antenna. That is, the first communication band, the second communication band F2, and the third communication band F3 can be either continuous or discontinuous frequency bands.

[0085] For example, the return loss diagram of antenna structure 03 can be shown in Figure 12. The first communication frequency band F1 can be 5.04GHz-5.36GHz; the second communication frequency band F2 can be 5.36GHz-6.08GHz; and the third communication frequency band F3 can be 6.08GHz-6.42GHz. The first communication frequency band F1, the second communication frequency band F2, and the third communication frequency band F3 are three continuously covered frequency bands, and antenna structure 03 is a broadband antenna.

[0086] In operation, the fourth terminal 0332 (i.e., the feed point) of the feed branch 033 of antenna structure 03 is electrically connected to the feed source and fed. In this case, when antenna structure 03 operates within the first communication frequency band and generates a first resonance, antenna structure 03 has a first operating mode. Similarly, when antenna structure 03 operates within the first communication frequency band and generates a second resonance, antenna structure 03 has a second operating mode. When antenna structure 03 operates within the first communication frequency band and generates a third resonance, antenna structure 03 has a third operating mode. Thus, the first, second, and third resonances generated by antenna structure 03 correspond to the first, second, and third operating modes of antenna structure 03, respectively. Based on this, antenna structure 03 can transmit and receive signals in the first communication frequency band in the first operating mode, transmit and receive signals in the second communication frequency band in the second operating mode, and transmit and receive signals in the third communication frequency band in the third operating mode, thereby achieving operating frequency band coverage of the first, second, and third communication frequency bands. This allows multiple operating modes to be integrated into a single antenna structure 03, without increasing the number of antennas while maintaining communication specifications. This avoids the impact of increasing the number of antennas on the size of electronic devices, and thus solves the problem of miniaturization of electronic devices in the context of continuously improving communication specifications.

[0087] Furthermore, the rectangular opening shape of waveguide cavity 032 indicates that waveguide structure 031 is a rectangular waveguide. Rectangular waveguides have lower attenuation, simpler structure, are easier to manufacture, and have no radiation loss. Compared to other shapes, rectangular waveguides can also be stacked more compactly, improving space utilization. Using rectangular waveguides also helps in the miniaturization of electronic devices.

[0088] The number of radial slits 034 is not limited in the embodiments of this application; there can be two or more radial slits 034. Figure 3A illustrates the case with two radial slits 034 (i.e., the first radial slit 0341 and the second radial slit 0342). When there are multiple radial slits 034, it should be understood that the first radial slit 0341 and the second radial slit 0342 refer to two adjacent radial slits 034.

[0089] The embodiment of this application does not limit the direction of the radial slit 034. The radial slit 034 can be parallel to the first direction y, or it can have a certain angle with the first direction y. For ease of explanation, the following description assumes that the radial slit 034 is parallel to the first direction y.

[0090] The embodiments of this application do not limit the way the third end 0331 of the feed branch 033 and the waveguide structure 031 are electrically connected. The third end 0331 and the waveguide structure 031 can be directly connected or coupled.

[0091] As shown in Figure 3B, the third terminal 0331 is directly connected to the waveguide structure 031.

[0092] For example, as shown in Figure 3C, the third terminal 0331 is coupled to the waveguide structure 031. In one possible implementation, the feed stub 033 may include a first stub and a second stub, the first stub including the third terminal 0331 and a fourth terminal 0332. The third terminal 0331 and the second stub are connected. The second stub is parallel to the xy plane. In this way, the second stub and the third terminal 0331 can form a new coupling surface, increasing the coupling area between the third stub 0331 and the waveguide structure 031, and improving the feed efficiency.

[0093] For ease of explanation, the following description assumes a direct connection between the third terminal 0331 and the waveguide structure 031.

[0094] This application does not limit the form of the feed source electrically connected to the fourth terminal 0332 (i.e., the feed point) of the feed stub 033. In one possible implementation, the feed source can be a broadband feed source, capable of transmitting and receiving signals over a wide frequency range. This allows the antenna structure 03 to operate over a wider frequency range.

[0095] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the waveguide structure 031 includes a first sidewall 0311, a second sidewall 0312, a third sidewall 0313, and a fourth sidewall 0314. The first sidewall 0311, second sidewall 0312, third sidewall 0313, and fourth sidewall 0314 are sequentially connected to form a waveguide cavity 032. The third end 0331 of the feed stub 033 is located on the side where the second sidewall 0312 is located. The fourth end 0332 of the feed stub 033 extends out of the fourth sidewall 0314. Radiation slots 034 are formed on the first sidewall 0311, second sidewall 0312, or third sidewall 0313.

[0096] Given that the opening shape of the waveguide cavity 032 is rectangular, it can be inferred that the first sidewall 0311 and the third sidewall 0313 are opposite each other and of equal size, while the second sidewall 0312 and the fourth sidewall 0314 are opposite each other and of equal size. The fourth end 0332 of the feed stub 033 extends out of the fourth sidewall 0314, meaning that the fourth sidewall 0314 is the feed sidewall. The first sidewall 0311, the second sidewall 0312, and the third sidewall 0313 are non-feed sidewalls.

[0097] This application embodiment does not limit the manner in which the fourth end 0332 of the feed branch 033 extends out of the fourth sidewall 0314 and is electrically connected to the feed source. The fourth end 0332 and the feed source can be directly connected or coupled. It is understood that this application embodiment does not limit the shape of the notch penetrating the fourth sidewall 0314 when the fourth end 0332 extends out of the fourth sidewall 0314. For ease of explanation, the notches on the feed source and the fourth sidewall 0314 are omitted in the following drawings.

[0098] This application does not limit the sidewall where the radiating slot 034 is located. If the radiating slot 034 is located on the feed sidewall, it may disrupt the antenna's resonant state, leading to a decrease in radiation efficiency and affecting the overall antenna performance. Therefore, when the fourth sidewall 0314 serves as the feed sidewall, the radiating slot 034 can be located on the first sidewall 0311, the second sidewall 0312, or the third sidewall 0313. If the radiating slot 034 is located on a non-feed sidewall, and is not directly on the feed path, it can reduce electromagnetic coupling between adjacent radiating slots 034, helping to ensure the feed efficiency and radiation performance of the antenna structure 03.

[0099] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4, the rectangular opening of the antenna structure 03 has two long sides and two short sides. The first sidewall 0311 and the third sidewall 0313 are located on the two short sides, and the second sidewall 0312 and the fourth sidewall 0314 are located on the two long sides. A radiation slot is provided on the second sidewall 0312.

[0100] It is understood that the terms "long side" and "short side" in the embodiments of this application are defined based on length. Among the four sides of a rectangle, the two longer parallel sides are called long sides, and the two shorter parallel sides are called short sides.

[0101] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG3A, the rectangular opening of the antenna structure 03 has two long sides and two short sides. The first sidewall 0311 and the third sidewall 0313 are located on the two short sides, and the second sidewall 0312 and the fourth sidewall 0314 are located on the two long sides. A radiation slot 034 is provided on the third sidewall 0313.

[0102] In this way, when the rectangular waveguide structure 031 is stacked with other structures, one sidewall will contact the other structures. Since the third sidewall 0313 corresponds to the short side of the rectangular opening of the waveguide cavity 032, and the second and fourth sidewalls 0312 and 0314 correspond to the long side, the area of ​​the third sidewall 0313 is smaller than the areas of the second and fourth sidewalls 0312 and 0314. The radiation slot 034 is located on the third sidewall 0313, allowing the second and fourth sidewalls 0312 and 0314 to be stacked with other components in the electronic device, saving internal space. Because the fourth sidewall 0314 is the feed sidewall, choosing it to contact other structures facilitates the connection between the second end 0322 (i.e., the feed point) and the external feed source. In this case, the radiation slot 034 being located on the third sidewall 0313 prevents interference from other structures with the signals radiated from the antenna structure 03.

[0103] It is understandable that, since the first sidewall 0311 also corresponds to the short side of the rectangular opening of the waveguide cavity 032, the radiation slot 034 opened on the first sidewall 0311 has the same technical effect.

[0104] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 3A, the antenna structure 03 includes a first radiating slot 0341 and a second radiating slot 0342. The first radiating slot 0341 and the second radiating slot 0342 extend in parallel directions and have the same length, thus forming a slot array.

[0105] It is understandable that the length of the radiation slot 034 refers to the length of the radiation slot 034 in its extension direction.

[0106] In this way, each radiating slot 034 in the slot array can be regarded as a radiation source. The radiation fields of multiple radiating slots 034 are superimposed in space to form a stronger radiation field, thereby improving the antenna gain and directivity.

[0107] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 5, the antenna structure 03 includes a first radiating slot 0341, a second radiating slot 0342, and a third radiating slot 0343. The first radiating slot 0341, the second radiating slot 0342, and the third radiating slot 0343 extend in parallel directions and have the same length. Furthermore, the spacing between any two adjacent radiating slots 034 is equal; that is, the spacing h1 between the first radiating slot 0341 and the second radiating slot 0342, and the spacing h2 between the second radiating slot 0342 and the third radiating slot 0343 are equal. Therefore, the first radiating slot 0341, the second radiating slot 0342, and the third radiating slot 0343 can form a slot array. In this way, the more radiating slots in the slot array, the better the antenna gain and directivity.

[0108] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 5, the antenna structure 03 includes a plurality of radiation slots 034, namely a first radiation slot 0341, a second radiation slot 0342, and a third radiation slot 0343. The extension directions of the first radiation slot 0341, the second radiation slot 0342, and the third radiation slot 0343 overlap, and the extension direction of the radiation slots 034 is parallel to the first direction y.

[0109] At this point, the first, second, and third radiating slots form a slot array, all extending along the first direction y. Thus, the slot array composed of the first radiating slot 0341, the second radiating slot 0342, and the third radiating slot 0343 is a linear array. Linear arrays possess high gain and good directivity, while also exhibiting broadband performance.

[0110] In this way, the direction of the radiating slot 034 is parallel to the waveguide extension direction. This design makes the manufacture of antenna structure 03 simpler and more standardized, and makes it easier to achieve equal spacing between slots, ensuring the performance of the slot array. This design also helps antenna structure 03 generate the first, second, and third resonances.

[0111] It is understandable that multiple radiating slots 034 arranged according to a certain pattern can form a slot array. Based on the arrangement of the slots, slot arrays can be divided into linear arrays and planar arrays. A linear array refers to two or more radiating slots 034 arranged along a straight line; this array is single-row, with all radiating slots 034 evenly spaced along the straight line. A planar array refers to multiple radiating slots 034 arranged in a specific layout on a two-dimensional plane; this array forms a matrix with rows and columns, not just arranged along a straight line. Common planar arrays include rectangular grid arrays and triangular grid arrays. A triangular grid array refers to radiating slots arranged in a triangular pattern.

[0112] This application does not limit the number of radiating slots 034 in the slot array; the number of radiating slots can be two or more. Figure 5 illustrates an example with three radiating slots 034. It should be understood that two or more radiating slots 034 arranged in the array configuration provided in this application embodiment are still within the protection scope of this application embodiment. This application does not limit the form in which multiple radiating slots 034 form a slot array. In addition to linear arrays, multiple radiating slots 034 can also form planar arrays.

[0113] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG6, the antenna structure 03 includes a first radiating slot 0341, a second radiating slot 0342, and a third radiating slot 0343. The first radiating slot 0341, the second radiating slot 0342, and the third radiating slot 0343 form a triangular grid array. The arrangement of triangles in the triangular grid array allows for a more compact distribution of the radiating slots, resulting in higher gain, and also allows for a denser arrangement of the radiating slots.

[0114] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG7A, the antenna structure 03 includes a ridge structure 036. FIG7B, a schematic diagram along the third direction z in FIG7A, shows the ridge structure 036 located within the waveguide cavity 032 and extending along the first direction y. FIG7C, a schematic diagram along the first direction y in FIG7A, shows the ridge structure 036 including a first surface 036A and a second surface 036B along the extension direction of the feed stub 033. The first surface 036A is electrically connected to the fourth sidewall 0314, and the second surface 036B has a gap with the second sidewall 0312.

[0115] This results in a rectangular waveguide containing a ridge structure, known as a rectangular ridge waveguide. In a rectangular ridge waveguide, the ridge structure (036) influences the distribution of the electric and magnetic fields, making the cutoff wavelength of the dominant mode longer than that of a typical rectangular waveguide. With the same cross-sectional dimensions, the rectangular ridge waveguide has a wider single-mode operating bandwidth. In other words, with the same bandwidth, the cross-sectional dimensions of the ridge waveguide are smaller. Therefore, ridge waveguides have better transmission characteristics and a wider operating bandwidth compared to rectangular waveguides. The application of ridge waveguides is beneficial for the miniaturization of antenna structures (03).

[0116] The shape of the ridge structure 036 is not limited in the embodiments of this application. The following is an example of the ridge structure 036.

[0117] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG8A, the antenna structure 03 includes a ridge structure 036. FIG8B, a schematic diagram along the first direction y in FIG8A, shows the ridge structure 036 including a first portion 0361 and a second portion 0362. The surface of the first portion 0361 facing the fourth sidewall 0314 is the first surface 036A. The second portion 0362 is located on the side of the first portion 0361 facing away from the fourth sidewall 0314. The second portion 0362 is connected to the first portion 0361. The surface of the second portion 0362 facing the second sidewall 0312 is the second surface 036B. The first cross-section of the first portion 0361 and the second cross-section of the second portion 0362 form a T-shape. The first and second cross-sections are perpendicular to the first direction y. FIG8C, a schematic diagram along the third direction z in FIG8A, shows the vertical projection of the first portion 0361 onto the fourth sidewall 0314 within the range of the vertical projection of the second portion 0362 onto the fourth sidewall 0314.

[0118] In this way, since the first cross-section of the first part and the second cross-section of the second part form a T-shape, the ridge shape is T-shaped. The T-shaped ridge can compress the electric field and make the electric field distribution between the ridges more uniform, resulting in better miniaturization.

[0119] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 8C, the power supply stub 033 is located on the side of the ridge structure 036 facing the first end 0301. A first distance H1, less than 10 mm, exists between the power supply stub 033 and the ridge structure 036.

[0120] In this way, since the waveguide ridge is a high electric field region inside the waveguide, the feed point can more directly excite electromagnetic waves in the waveguide, making the energy conversion into radiation energy more efficient and helping to improve the overall radiation performance of the antenna.

[0121] Understandably, within the limits of technological capabilities, a smaller first spacing H1 results in better overall antenna radiation performance. In one possible implementation, the electrical length of the first spacing H1 is less than 0.16λ, where λ is the operating wavelength of the antenna structure in the current mode.

[0122] In one possible implementation, the radiation slit 034 generates half-wavelength closed-slit radiation modes for the first communication band, the second communication band, and the third communication band.

[0123] It is understood that a half-wavelength closed slot refers to a radiating slot whose length is approximately half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium. In the embodiments of this application, the medium is a "waveguide structure," and half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium is the half-waveguide wavelength. A radiation mode refers to the mode in which the antenna structure emits electromagnetic waves in space, including the directionality, intensity distribution, and polarization characteristics of the electromagnetic wave. The half-wavelength closed slot radiation mode refers to the antenna's radiation mode when the length of the radiating slot is approximately half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in the medium. In this mode, the electric field within the radiating slot forms voltage nodes at both ends of the radiating slot and a current node in the middle of the radiating slot, causing the electromagnetic field at the radiating slot to oscillate, thereby radiating electromagnetic waves.

[0124] In this way, the length of the radiating slot 034 is close to half the wavelength of the operating frequency band. The radiation characteristics of the radiating slot 034 are similar to those of a small dipole antenna, which has good directivity. This allows the antenna structure 03 to reduce mutual interference with other systems and improve the system's anti-interference capability.

[0125] In one possible implementation, the first communication frequency band is 5.04 GHz–5.36 GHz, the second communication frequency band is 5.36 GHz–6.08 GHz, and the third communication frequency band is 6.08 GHz–6.42 GHz. In this case, as shown in Figure 8D, the physical length L of the radiating slit 034 along the first direction y is 28–34 mm, for example, 29 mm, 30 mm, 31 mm, 32 mm, or 33 mm.

[0126] Since the operating frequency directly affects the waveguide wavelength, under the current operating frequency band, when the physical length of the radiating slot 034 is between 28 and 34 mm, its electrical length is half the waveguide wavelength of the current operating frequency band. In other words, when the physical length is between 28 and 34 mm, the slot has high impedance characteristics, allowing for good impedance matching with the waveguide structure 031. This ensures effective transmission of the energy radiated by the antenna structure 03, giving it the advantages of high radiation efficiency and low feed loss. For example, the physical length L of the radiating slot 034 is 31 mm.

[0127] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 8D, the antenna structure 03 includes two adjacent radiating slots 034, which are a first radiating slot 0341 and a second radiating slot 0342, respectively. A second spacing H2 exists between the first radiating slot 0341 and the second radiating slot 0342.

[0128] In some embodiments, the electrical length of the antenna can be equal to one wavelength of the second communication band. In this case, when the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the first communication band. When the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the second communication band. When the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the third communication band.

[0129] In other embodiments, the electrical length of the antenna may be equal to one wavelength of the third communication band. In this case, when the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the first communication band. When the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the second communication band. When the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the third communication band.

[0130] In other embodiments, the electrical length of the antenna may be equal to one wavelength of the first communication frequency band. In this case, when the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the first communication frequency band. When the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the second communication frequency band. When the antenna structure 03 is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the third communication frequency band.

[0131] In this way, when the distance between the first radiation slot 0341 and the second radiation slot 0342 is or approximately one time the operating wavelength, the first radiation slot 0341 and the second radiation slot 0342 have the same phase and the same direction of radiated energy. The radiated energy of the first radiation slot 0341 and the second radiation slot 0342 is superimposed in the direction of maximum radiation of the antenna structure 03, thereby improving the gain of the antenna structure 03.

[0132] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 8D, the antenna structure 03 includes two adjacent radiating slots 034, which are designated as a first radiating slot 0341 and a second radiating slot 0342. The first communication frequency band is 5.04 GHz to 5.36 GHz. The second communication frequency band is 5.36 GHz to 6.08 GHz; and the third communication frequency band is 6.08 GHz to 6.42 GHz. A second spacing H2 exists between the first radiating slot 0341 and the second radiating slot 0342; in this case, along the first direction y, the physical length of the second spacing H2 is 50–60 mm, for example, 51 mm, 52 mm, 53 mm, 54 mm, 55 mm, 56 mm, 57 mm, 58 mm, or 59 mm.

[0133] In this way, when the physical length of the second spacing H2 is 50-60 mm, the first radiating slot 0341 and the second radiating slot 0342 are in phase and have the same radiated energy direction. The radiated energy of the first radiating slot 0341 and the second radiating slot 0342 is superimposed in the maximum radiation direction of the antenna structure 03, thereby improving the gain of the antenna structure 03. When the physical length of the second spacing H2 is less than 50 mm or greater than 60 mm, the superposition effect of the radiating slots in the maximum radiation direction is not good. For example, the physical length of the second spacing H2 is 55 mm.

[0134] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 9A, the current distribution of antenna structure 03 operating in the first communication frequency band F1 is illustrated. When antenna structure 03 generates the first resonance in the first communication frequency band F1, the current distributed along the first direction y, from the second end of the feed stub (i.e., the location of point B14 in Figure 9A) to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end (i.e., the location of point A11 in Figure 9A), is 3.5 current cycles. Points A11, A12, A13, and A14 are current zero points, and points B11, B12, B13, and B14 are current strong points. The current distributed between points A11 and A12 is or approximately one current cycle, the current distributed between points A12 and A13 is or approximately one current cycle, the current distributed between points A13 and A14 is or approximately one current cycle, and the current distributed between points A14 and B14 is or approximately half a current cycle.

[0135] At this point, the current within the waveguide cavity exhibits a standing wave distribution. Figure 9B shows the electric field distribution of the antenna structure operating in the first communication frequency band F1. Region C11 represents the electric field on the first radiating slot, and region C12 represents the electric field on the second radiating slot. The electric field directions on the first and second radiating slots are the same (indicated by upward arrows in Figure 9B). Figure 9C shows the electric field intensity cross-section of the electric field distribution diagram in Figure 9B. The electric field intensities on the first and second radiating slots are approximately the same. Figure 9D shows the gain pattern of antenna structure 03 operating in the first communication frequency band F1.

[0136] As can be understood, a traveling wave refers to a wave whose energy propagates along a medium in the form of a wave, whose waveform moves in space over time, and whose phase changes uniformly in space. In a traveling wave, the amplitude remains relatively constant at any given moment, but the wavefront advances forward over time. The corresponding standing wave is not a true propagation of a wave in space, but rather a waveform formed when two waves with the same frequency and amplitude but opposite directions of propagation meet. In a standing wave, the displacement of some points is always zero; these are called nodes, while the displacement of two adjacent points is the greatest; these are called antinodes. A key characteristic of standing waves is that their position does not change over time.

[0137] It should be noted that, for a wave, the period refers to the time required for the waveform to completely repeat once. In a waveguide, the current distribution is not a simple sine wave, especially when multiple modes or non-uniform propagation exist; the current period needs to be accurately calculated using electromagnetic simulation software. In the embodiments of this application, a current period refers to the current flowing from a weak point through a strong point and back to a weak point, or vice versa. In one possible implementation, the weak point is the zero point of the current.

[0138] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 10A, the current distribution of the antenna structure operating in the second communication frequency band F2 is illustrated. When the antenna structure generates a second resonance in the second communication frequency band F2, along the first direction y, from the second end of the feed stub (i.e., the location of point A25 in Figure 10A) to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end (i.e., the location of point A21 in Figure 10A), the current distributed on the waveguide structure is for four current cycles. Points A21, A22, A23, A24, and A25 are current zero points, and points B11, B12, B13, and B14 are current strong points. The current distributed between points A21 and A22 is or approximately one current cycle; the current distributed between points A22 and A23 is or approximately one current cycle; the current distributed between points A23 and A24 is or approximately one current cycle; and the current distributed between points A24 and A25 is or approximately one current cycle.

[0139] At this point, the current within the waveguide cavity exhibits a traveling wave distribution. Figure 10B shows the electric field distribution of the antenna structure operating in the second communication frequency band F2. Region C21 represents the electric field on the first radiating slot, and region C22 represents the electric field on the second radiating slot. The electric field directions on the first and second radiating slots are the same (indicated by upward arrows in Figure 10B). Figure 10C shows the electric field intensity cross-section of the electric field distribution diagram in Figure 10B. The electric field intensities on the first and second radiating slots are approximately the same. Figure 10D shows the gain pattern of antenna structure 03 operating in the second communication frequency band F2.

[0140] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 11A, the current distribution of the antenna structure operating in the third communication band F3 is illustrated. When the antenna structure generates the third resonance of the third communication band F3, along the first direction y, from the second end of the feed stub (i.e., point B35 in Figure 11A) to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end (i.e., point A31 in Figure 11A), the current distributed on the waveguide structure is for 4.5 current cycles. Points A31, A32, A33, A34, and A35 are zero-current points, while points B11, B12, B13, and B14 are high-current points. The current distributed between points A31 and A32 is or approximately one current cycle; the current distributed between points A32 and A33 is or approximately one current cycle; the current distributed between points A33 and A34 is or approximately one current cycle; the current distributed between points A34 and A35 is or approximately one current cycle; and the current distributed between points A35 and B35 is or approximately half a current cycle.

[0141] At this time, the current in the waveguide cavity exhibits a standing wave distribution. Figure 11B shows the electric field distribution of the antenna structure operating in the third communication frequency band F3. Region C31 represents the electric field on the first radiating slot, and region C32 represents the electric field on the second radiating slot. The electric field directions on the first and second radiating slots are the same (indicated by arrows in Figure 11B). Figure 11C shows the electric field intensity cross-section of the electric field distribution diagram in Figure 11B. The electric field intensities on the first and second radiating slots are approximately the same. Figure 11D shows the gain pattern of antenna structure 03 operating in the third communication frequency band F3. Comparing Figures 9D, 10D, and 11D, the antenna structure 03 provided in this embodiment exhibits stable electrical performance and good gain pattern fidelity across the frequency band.

[0142] It should be noted that the current within the waveguide cavity exhibits a standing wave distribution, meaning the antenna structure is in standing wave mode. However, standing wave mode does not mean that all the current within the waveguide cavity is a standing wave, but rather that standing waves constitute a significant proportion of all electromagnetic waves. Conversely, the current within the waveguide cavity exhibits a traveling wave distribution, meaning the antenna is in traveling wave mode. Traveling wave mode also does not mean that all the current within the waveguide cavity is a traveling wave, but rather that traveling waves constitute a significant proportion of all electromagnetic waves. The generation of traveling wave mode requires certain special conditions.

[0143] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 8D, the first radial slot 0341 is the radial slot 034 closest to the second end 0302 in the slot array. The side of the first radial slot 0341 facing the second end 0302 has a third spacing H3 with the second end 0302, wherein the range of the third spacing H3 is... Where n is a natural number.

[0144] For example, n = 0, the range of the third spacing H3 is

[0145] In this way, when the antenna structure 03 generates the second resonance of the second communication frequency band when the waveguide end is open, the current in the lower waveguide cavity 032 will be distributed in a traveling wave pattern.

[0146] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 8D, the waveguide structure 031 includes a fifth sidewall (not shown in Figure 8D), which is disposed at the second end 0302 and electrically connected to the first, second, third, and fourth sidewalls. The first radiating slot 0341 is the radiating slot 034 closest to the second end 0302 in the slot array. The side of the first radiating slot 0341 facing the second end 0302 has a third spacing H3 with respect to the second end 0302, wherein the range of the third spacing H3 is... Where n is a natural number.

[0147] For example, n = 0, the range of the third spacing H3 is

[0148] In this way, when the waveguide end is short-circuited and the antenna structure 03 generates the second resonance of the second communication frequency band, the current in the lower waveguide cavity 032 will exhibit a traveling wave distribution.

[0149] In one possible implementation, as shown in Figure 12, is the return loss diagram of the antenna structure. Return loss is a parameter that measures the degree of reflection in a signal transmission system, defined as the ratio of incident power to reflected power, and is generally expressed in decibels (dB). Return loss can be calculated using S11. When S11 = 0 dB, it indicates that the energy is completely reflected, and the return loss is at its maximum. When S11 = -∞ dB, it indicates that the energy is not reflected, and the return loss is at its minimum. In engineering, it is desirable for the value of S11 to be as small as possible; in this embodiment, S11 is required to be less than -6 dB. Therefore, from Figure 12, it can be concluded that the first communication frequency band F1 is 5.04 GHz - 5.36 GHz. The second communication frequency band F2 is 5.36 GHz - 6.08 GHz. The third communication frequency band F3 is 6.08 GHz - 6.42 GHz.

[0150] It is understandable that S11 here refers to the scattering parameter, also known as the S-parameter. The S-parameter is an important parameter in microwave transmission, including: input return loss S11, output return loss S22, forward transmission coefficient S21, and reverse transmission coefficient S12. Sij represents the energy input from port j and measured at port i. For example, S11 is the reflection coefficient of port 1 when port 2 is matched, S22 is the reflection coefficient of port 2 when port 1 is matched, S21 is the transmission coefficient from port 1 to port 2 when 2 ports are matched, and S12 is the transmission coefficient from port 2 to port 1 when 1 port is matched. The values ​​of the S-parameters are generally expressed in decibels (dB), ranging from 0 dB to negative infinity.

[0151] In this way, the antenna structure can cover a communication bandwidth of 5.04GHz-6.42GHz, and the antenna's operating frequency range is 25% of its center frequency. The antenna's relative bandwidth meets the ultra-wideband standard, allowing it to operate over a wide frequency range and function as a high-gain WiFi antenna. Simulations of the antenna system efficiency within this communication band, as shown in Figure 13, demonstrate that the antenna efficiency is within -1dB within the bandwidth, exhibiting good performance.

[0152] As can be understood, radiation efficiency refers to the ratio of the power radiated by an antenna into space (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. The active power input to the antenna equals the antenna's input power minus the power loss. Power loss mainly includes return loss power, ohmic loss power of the metal, and / or dielectric loss power. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability; metal loss and dielectric loss are both factors affecting radiation efficiency. Efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, and there is a corresponding conversion relationship between it and dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the antenna's efficiency.

[0153] dB, or decibel, is a logarithmic concept with base 10. Decibels are used to evaluate the proportional relationship between two physical quantities; they themselves have no physical dimensions. For every 10-fold increase in the ratio between two quantities, their difference can be expressed as 10 dB. For example: A = 100, B = 10, C = 5, D = 1, then A / D = 20 dB; B / D = 10 dB; C / D = 7 dB; B / C = 3 dB. That is, a difference of 10 dB between two quantities is a 10-fold difference, a difference of 20 dB is a 100-fold difference, and so on; a difference of 3 dB means a difference of 2 times between the two quantities.

[0154] In one possible implementation, as shown in FIG14A, the antenna structure 03 includes at least one antenna body. The at least one antenna body includes a first antenna body 03A and a second antenna body 03B. The first antenna body 03A and the second antenna body 03B are arranged along a second direction. As shown in FIG14B (a schematic diagram obtained along the first direction y in FIG14A), the third sidewall 0313A of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body 03A is connected to the first sidewall 0311B of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body 03B. A radiation slot 034 is formed on either the first sidewall 0311A or the fourth sidewall 0314A of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body 03A, and a radiation slot 034 is formed on either the third sidewall 0313B or the fourth sidewall 0314B of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body 03B.

[0155] This application does not limit the connection method of the third sidewall 0313A of the first antenna body 03A and the first sidewall 0311B of the second antenna body 03B. For example, the third sidewall 0313A of the first antenna body 03A and the first sidewall 0311B of the second antenna body 03B can be fixedly connected. For example, the third sidewall 0313A of the first antenna body 03A and the first sidewall 0311B of the second antenna body 03B can also share the same sidewall.

[0156] This application embodiment does not limit the sidewalls on which the radiation slot 034 is formed in the first antenna body 03A and the second antenna body 03B. To ensure antenna radiation performance, the radiation slot 034 is not formed on the sidewall connected to other antenna bodies. For example, the third sidewall 0313A of the first antenna body 03A and the first sidewall of the second antenna body 03B are connected to each other by 0311B. The radiation slot 034 is formed on the first sidewall 0311A or the fourth sidewall 0314A of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body 03A, and the radiation slot 034 is formed on the third sidewall 0313B or the fourth sidewall 0314B of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body 03B.

[0157] In this way, since the waveguide structure of the first antenna body 03A and the waveguide structure of the second antenna body 03B are both rectangular waveguides, multiple antenna bodies can be arranged compactly, improving space utilization and facilitating the miniaturization of antenna structures.

[0158] This application embodiment also provides a circuit board assembly, and any of the above-described antenna structures can be applied to this circuit board assembly. As shown in FIG15, the circuit board assembly 02 includes: a circuit board 021, a chip (not shown in FIG15), a feed source (not shown in FIG15), and any of the above-described antenna structures 03 provided in this application embodiment. The chip is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit board 021. The feed source is disposed on and electrically connected to the circuit board 021. The antenna structure 03 is disposed on the circuit board, and the fourth end of the feed stub in the antenna structure 03 extends out of the fourth sidewall and is electrically connected to the feed source. The waveguide cavity of the antenna structure 03 is multiplexed as a heat dissipation cavity for cooling the chip.

[0159] In the design of circuit board assembly 02, the heat dissipation structure is typically a cavity structure or a sheet structure with thermal conductivity. In the circuit board assembly 02 provided in this application embodiment, since the antenna structure 03 has a waveguide structure and a waveguide cavity, and the waveguide structure is typically made of a metal material with good thermal conductivity, the waveguide cavity of the antenna structure 03 can be reused as a heat dissipation cavity for the heat dissipation structure. The antenna structure can be reused as a heat dissipation structure, thus eliminating the need to set up a separate heat dissipation structure in the circuit board assembly, thereby reducing the number of components in the electronic device and reducing the size of the electronic device.

[0160] This application does not limit the heat source in the circuit board assembly. For example, the heat source in the circuit board assembly is a chip. Optionally, the heat source is placed on top of the heat dissipation cavity or near the exhaust port, and heat is dissipated through convection or heat pipe conduction.

[0161] In one possible implementation, continuing as shown in FIG15, the antenna structure 03 of the circuit board assembly 02 includes at least one antenna body. For example, the antenna structure 03 includes a first antenna body 03A and a second antenna body 03B. The first antenna body 03A and the second antenna body 03B are arranged along a second direction x. The waveguide cavity of the first antenna body 03A and the waveguide cavity of the second antenna body 03B are multiplexed into a heat dissipation cavity for cooling the chip.

[0162] The embodiments of this application do not limit the positional relationship between the first antenna body 03A and the second antenna body 03B. For example, as shown in FIG15, other heat dissipation cavities may be spaced between the first antenna body 03A and the second antenna body 03B. For example, as shown in FIG14A and FIG14B, the third sidewall 0313A of the first antenna body 03A and the first sidewall 0311B of the second antenna body 03B are connected.

[0163] In this way, the circuit board assembly 02 can include multiple antenna structures 03, and the waveguide cavities of the multiple antenna structures 03 can be reused as heat dissipation cavities for cooling the chip, thereby further improving the heat dissipation performance and transmission performance of the circuit board assembly.

[0164] For the first antenna body 03A in the circuit board assembly shown in Figure 15, as shown in Figure 16, the antenna return loss is simulated. The results show that the antenna S11 is less than -6dB in the 5-6.5GHz frequency range, the antenna bandwidth is 5-6.5GHz, and the isolation between the first and second antenna bodies within this bandwidth is good. As shown in Figure 17, the antenna system efficiency is simulated within the 5-6.5GHz antenna bandwidth range. The antenna system efficiency is greater than -1dB, showing good performance. As shown in Figure 18, the antenna radiation pattern is simulated. Figure 18(a) shows the antenna radiation pattern when the antenna operates in the first communication frequency band F1, with an antenna gain of 8.87dBi. Figure 18(b) shows the antenna radiation pattern when the antenna operates in the second communication frequency band F2, with an antenna gain of 9.01dBi. Figure 18(c) shows the antenna radiation pattern when the antenna operates in the third communication frequency band F3, with an antenna gain of 8.25dBi. It can be seen that within the antenna bandwidth range of 5-6.5GHz, the antenna peak directivity is greater than 9dBi, and the in-band radiation pattern fidelity is good, making it suitable as a high-gain WiFi antenna in products.

[0165] In this context, the gain unit dBi is usually mentioned together with dBd. dBi and dBd are units of power gain, both relative values, but with different reference points. dBi's reference point is an omnidirectional antenna; dBd's reference point is a dipole. dBi is often used to describe the gain of high-gain antennas because its reference point is higher. dBd is often used to describe the gain of low-gain antennas because its reference point is lower. When dBi and dBd represent the same gain, the value expressed in dBi is 2.15 dBi larger than the value expressed in dBd. For example, for an antenna with a gain of 16 dBd, its gain converted to dBi is 18.15 dBi, generally ignoring the decimal places, hence 18 dBi.

[0166] As can be understood, isolation refers to the ratio of the signal received by one antenna through another to the signal received by the transmitting antenna. Isolation is a physical quantity used to measure the degree of mutual coupling between antennas. Assuming two antennas form a two-port network, the isolation between the two antennas can be represented by the parameters S21 and S12. In this case, S21 and S12 are usually negative, and the smaller the parameters S21 and S12 are, the greater the isolation between the antennas and the smaller the mutual coupling between them.

[0167] This application also provides an electronic device, which includes a housing and a circuit board assembly provided in this application. The circuit board assembly is located inside the housing.

[0168] The electronic device provided in this application includes a circuit board assembly comprising an antenna structure. The antenna structure integrates multiple operating modes, allowing for compliance with communication standards without increasing the number of antennas. The antenna structure can also be reused as a heat dissipation structure to further reduce the number of components in the electronic device. This addresses the issue of miniaturization in electronic devices in the context of continuously improving communication standards.

[0169] It is understandable that when an antenna structure is reused as a heat dissipation structure, any heat source in the electronic device can be dissipated through a reasonable component layout.

[0170] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0171] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna structure, characterized in that, include: A waveguide structure having a waveguide cavity along a first direction; The waveguide cavity has a rectangular opening shape in its cross-section, and the cross-section is perpendicular to the first direction; The waveguide structure includes a first end and a second end opposite to each other; At least two radiating slots are formed on the waveguide structure; the at least two radiating slots extend in the same direction; A feed stub, at least a portion of which is located within the waveguide cavity; the feed stub includes a third end and a fourth end opposite to each other, the third end being electrically connected to the waveguide structure, and the fourth end serving as a feed point; the feed stub is located close to the first end of the waveguide structure relative to the second end of the waveguide structure. The antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication frequency band, a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, and a third resonance in the third communication frequency band.

2. The antenna structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waveguide structure includes a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall, and a fourth sidewall; wherein the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall, and the fourth sidewall are sequentially connected to form the waveguide cavity; The third end of the power supply stub is located on the side where the second sidewall is located, and the fourth end of the power supply stub extends out of the fourth sidewall; the radiation slot is provided on the first sidewall, the second sidewall, or the third sidewall.

3. The antenna structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The rectangle has two long sides and two short sides; the first sidewall and the third sidewall are located on the two short sides respectively, and the second sidewall and the fourth sidewall are located on the two long sides respectively; The radiation slit is provided on the first sidewall or the third sidewall.

4. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Multiple radial slits extending in parallel directions and of the same length constitute a slit array.

5. The antenna structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, It includes at least three of the aforementioned radiation slots; the spacing between any two adjacent radiation slots is equal.

6. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The extension directions of the plurality of said radial slits overlap; the extension directions of the radial slits are parallel to the first direction.

7. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 2-6, characterized in that, The antenna structure also includes: A ridge-like structure extends along the first direction and is located within the waveguide cavity; along the extension direction of the feed stub, the ridge-like structure includes a first surface and a second surface; The first surface is electrically connected to the fourth sidewall, and there is a gap between the second surface and the second sidewall.

8. The antenna structure according to claim 7, characterized in that, The ridge-like structure includes: The first part, the surface of the first part facing the fourth sidewall, is the first surface; The second part is located on the side of the first part that is away from the fourth sidewall, and the second part is connected to the first part; the surface of the second part facing the second sidewall is the second surface; Wherein, the first cross-section of the first part and the second cross-section of the second part form a T-shape; the vertical projection of the first part on the fourth sidewall is within the range of the vertical projection of the second part on the fourth sidewall; the first cross-section and the second cross-section are perpendicular to the first direction.

9. The antenna structure according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The power supply stub is located on the side of the ridge structure facing the first end; There is a first spacing H1 between the power supply branch and the ridge structure; the first spacing H1 is less than 10 mm.

10. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The radiation slit generates a half-wavelength closed-slit radiation mode for the first communication band, the second communication band, and the third communication band.

11. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The first communication frequency band is 5.04GHz-5.36GHz; the second communication frequency band is 5.36GHz-6.08GHz; and the third communication frequency band is 6.08GHz-6.42GHz. Wherein, along the first direction, the physical length of the radiation slit is 28 to 34 millimeters.

12. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes two adjacent radiating slots, which are a first radiating slot and a second radiating slot, respectively. A second spacing H2 exists between the first radial slit and the second radial slit; Wherein, when the antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance of the first communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the first communication frequency band; when the antenna structure is used to generate a second resonance of the second communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the second communication frequency band; when the antenna structure is used to generate a third resonance of the third communication frequency band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the third communication frequency band. Alternatively, when the antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the first communication band; when the antenna structure is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is less than one wavelength of the second communication band; when the antenna structure is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the third communication band. Alternatively, when the antenna structure is used to generate a first resonance in the first communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is one wavelength of the first communication band; when the antenna structure is used to generate a second resonance in the second communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the second communication band; when the antenna structure is used to generate a third resonance in the third communication band, the electrical length of the second spacing H2 is greater than one wavelength of the third communication band.

13. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 4-12, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes two adjacent radiating slots, which are a first radiating slot and a second radiating slot, respectively. The first communication frequency band is 5.04GHz-5.36GHz; the second communication frequency band is 5.36GHz-6.08GHz; and the third communication frequency band is 6.08GHz-6.42GHz. There is a second spacing H2 between the first radial slit and the second radial slit; the physical length of the second spacing H2 along the first direction is 50-60 mm.

14. The antenna structure according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, When the antenna structure generates the first resonance of the first communication frequency band, along the first direction, from the position where the waveguide structure is electrically connected to the feed branch to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end, the current distributed on the waveguide structure is 3.5 current cycles; the current in the waveguide cavity is distributed as a standing wave; the electric field directions on the first radiation slot and the second radiation slot are the same.

15. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 12-14, characterized in that, When the antenna structure generates a second resonance in the second communication frequency band, along the first direction, from the position where the waveguide structure is electrically connected to the feed branch to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end, the current distributed on the waveguide structure is 4 current cycles. The current inside the waveguide cavity is distributed in a traveling wave pattern; the electric field directions on the first and second radiation slits are the same.

16. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 12-15, characterized in that, When the antenna structure generates the third resonance of the third communication frequency band, along the first direction, from the position where the waveguide structure is electrically connected to the feed branch to the end of the waveguide structure away from the second end, the current distributed on the waveguide structure is 4.5 current cycles; the current in the waveguide cavity is distributed as a standing wave; the electric field directions on the first radiation slot and the second radiation slot are the same.

17. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The first radiating slot is the radiating slot closest to the second end in the slot array; The side of the first radial slit facing the second end has a third spacing H3 between it and the second end, wherein the range of the third spacing H3 is... Where n is a natural number.

18. The antenna structure according to claim 15, characterized in that, The waveguide structure includes a fifth sidewall, which is disposed at the second end; the fifth sidewall is electrically connected to the first sidewall, the second sidewall, the third sidewall, and the fourth sidewall; The first radiating slot is the radiating slot closest to the second end in the slot array; The side of the first radial slit facing the second end has a third spacing H3 between it and the second end, wherein the range of the third spacing H3 is... Where n is a natural number.

19. The antenna structure according to any one of claims 2-18, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes at least one antenna body; The at least one antenna body includes a first antenna body and a second antenna body; the first antenna body and the second antenna body are arranged along a second direction; The third sidewall of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body is connected to the first sidewall of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body; The radiation slot is provided on the first sidewall or the fourth sidewall of the waveguide structure of the first antenna body. The radiation slot is provided on the third or fourth sidewall of the waveguide structure of the second antenna body.

20. A circuit board assembly, characterized in that, include: Circuit board; The chip is disposed on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; The feed source is disposed on the circuit board and electrically connected to the circuit board; The antenna structure as described in any one of claims 1-19; The second end of the feed stub in the antenna structure is electrically connected to the feed source; the waveguide cavity of the antenna structure is multiplexed as a heat dissipation cavity for cooling the chip.

21. The circuit board assembly according to claim 20, characterized in that, The antenna structure includes at least one antenna body; The at least one antenna body includes a first antenna body and a second antenna body; the first antenna body and the second antenna body are arranged along a second direction; The waveguide cavity of the first antenna body and the waveguide cavity of the second antenna body are multiplexed to form a heat dissipation cavity for dissipating heat from the chip.

22. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: case; The circuit board assembly as claimed in claim 20 or 21, wherein the circuit board assembly is located within the housing.

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