Portable energy-saving power supply and operation control method therefor

Abstract

Provided in the present invention are a portable energy-saving power supply and an operation control method therefor, which achieve the aims of energy saving, environmental protection and noise reduction of a portable energy-saving power supply device. An internal combustion engine is coaxially connected to a permanent magnet synchronous generator, drives the generator to output a three-phase alternating current, and converts the three-phase alternating current into a direct-current voltage by means of a rectification and filtering module, so as to realize stable voltage output. On the basis of an output load capacity of a power supply, a microprocessor chip controls a stepping motor to control the opening / closing and the degree of opening of a throttle and a choke, so as to control the rotation speed of the internal combustion engine and the rotation speed of the generator, thus realizing the stable output of a suitable voltage and power. When an output voltage has met requirements, a rechargeable battery is disconnected by means of a relay, and power supply is switched to a DC‑DC power supply module, thereby reducing the electric energy consumption of the rechargeable storage battery. If it is detected that the voltage of the rechargeable storage battery is insufficient when power is supplied by a generator power supply, a generator output circuit can also be switched and connected to a battery charging circuit, thereby realizing the automatic charging of the rechargeable battery.

Description

A portable energy-saving power supply and its operation control method Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of energy-saving power supply technology, specifically relating to a portable energy-saving power supply and its operation control method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, there are many types of field power equipment, most of which provide power through internal combustion engines or batteries.

[0003] Power supply devices based on internal combustion engines drive a generator to output three-phase AC voltage, which is then rectified by a rectifier circuit to output DC voltage for user use. These devices are large, noisy, inconvenient to carry, and have extremely low utilization rates. Portable power supplies based on batteries, on the other hand, have a lifespan dependent on the battery's lifespan. Batteries are heavy and bulky, and discarded batteries are hazardous waste, resulting in high recycling costs and posing a significant challenge to environmental protection.

[0004] In addition, the outdoor environment is usually quite harsh, so the portability of the power supply is very important when traveling alone or in a group. At the same time, the power supply also needs to take into account the functions that outdoor travel should have, such as practicality, durability and environmental protection. Therefore, outdoor power supplies that are suitable for a wide range of people and have fewer restrictions on the conditions of use have received widespread attention from the industry. Technical issues

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of current field power supplies and to provide a portable energy-saving power supply and its operation control method, suitable for use in harsh field environments. It aims to achieve power generation according to load demand, thereby saving energy, reducing noise, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions. Technical solutions

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the specific technical solution provided by this invention is as follows:

[0007] A portable energy-saving power supply, characterized in that it includes a housing, a microprocessor control board located inside the housing, an internal combustion engine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a rectifier and filter module, a DC-DC power module, and a rechargeable battery;

[0008] The microprocessor control board integrates a microprocessor chip, as well as an internal combustion engine control interface circuit, a power switching circuit and a battery charging circuit, a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, a fault alarm circuit, a DC / DC power supply voltage acquisition circuit, and a battery voltage acquisition circuit that are electrically connected to it.

[0009] The outer casing is equipped with a control panel that is electrically connected to the microprocessor chip; the control panel is equipped with a first switch integrating "start / run / stop", a second switch integrating "power on / stop", a waterproof power supply connector, a fault indicator light, and a power operation indicator light; the first switch and the second switch are both waterproof rocker switches and can be distinguished by different colors;

[0010] The internal combustion engine is coaxially connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator, which is used to drive the permanent magnet synchronous generator to output three-phase AC power; wherein, the pull rope of the recoil starter in the internal combustion engine extends out of the outer casing.

[0011] The rectifier and filter module is used to convert the three-phase AC power output from the permanent magnet synchronous generator into a wide range of DC power.

[0012] The DC-DC power supply module is used to stabilize the wide range of DC power output from the rectifier and filter module within the 18-32 V voltage range required by the load.

[0013] The rechargeable battery is used to store electrical energy and provide initial power to the microprocessor control board;

[0014] The "Start" switch in the first switch is used to connect the rechargeable battery and the microprocessor control board, the "Run" switch is used to connect the DC-DC power module and the waterproof power supply connector, and the "Stop" switch is used to disconnect the DC-DC power module and the waterproof power supply connector.

[0015] The two shutdown control lines of the internal combustion engine are electrically connected to the second switch through the internal combustion engine control interface circuit; pressing the second switch can disconnect the two shutdown control lines when the engine is "on" and short-circuit the two shutdown control lines when the engine is "off"; when the internal combustion engine is in the "on" state, the permanent magnet synchronous generator is started by manually pulling the pull rope of the recoil starter; when the internal combustion engine is in the "off" state, the permanent magnet synchronous generator is shut down and stops running.

[0016] The microprocessor chip collects the output current of the DC-DC power module, the internal combustion engine casing temperature, the load operating current, and the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in real time through a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit to monitor the working status of the portable energy-saving power supply. When the value of any acquired signal exceeds the corresponding threshold, a high level is output. The output signal is then output as a low level through an OR gate, which cuts off the power output of the control panel via a normally closed relay circuit to perform overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage protection.

[0017] The microprocessor chip controls the fault indicator light to power on via the fault alarm circuit based on overcurrent, overtemperature and / or overvoltage signals.

[0018] The microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine throttle through the first stepper motor drive circuit and the first stepper motor according to the magnitude of the output current of the DC-DC power module.

[0019] The microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the initial choke of the internal combustion engine through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor, based on the initial temperature of the internal combustion engine casing.

[0020] The microprocessor chip acquires the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the output voltage of the DC-DC power module through the battery voltage acquisition circuit and the DC / DC power supply voltage acquisition circuit, respectively, and makes reasonable use of the rechargeable battery through the power switching circuit and the battery charging circuit according to the magnitude of the output voltage of the DC-DC power module.

[0021] Furthermore, the microprocessor control board also integrates a generator speed acquisition circuit that is electrically connected to the microprocessor chip; the microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine throttle and choke according to the acquired permanent magnet synchronous generator speed.

[0022] Furthermore, to ensure that portable energy-saving power supplies can still be used when the internal combustion engine runs out of fuel and there is no refueling, DC motors are also included;

[0023] The DC motor is powered by a rechargeable battery or an external power source (such as an available clean energy source), and its output shaft is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator. For the DC motor to function, it needs to be manually connected to an external clean energy supply or a battery power source; its operating circuit is independent of the internal combustion engine.

[0024] Furthermore, to make the warning more noticeable when used in the field, it also includes three sets of buzzers with different frequencies;

[0025] The microprocessor chip controls the alarm buzzers to sound through a fault alarm circuit. Three sets of buzzers with different frequencies provide warnings for overcurrent faults, overtemperature faults, and overvoltage faults, respectively. The frequencies of the three alarm buzzers can be set to different frequencies so that users can quickly identify what kind of fault has occurred in low-light environments.

[0026] Furthermore, the power supply waterproof aviation connector includes two sets of 4-pin waterproof aviation connectors and two sets of USB 3.0 waterproof aviation connectors;

[0027] The fault indicator consists of three sets of LED alarm lights with different flashing frequencies, which respectively warn of overcurrent faults, overtemperature faults, and overvoltage faults; the flashing frequencies of the three sets of LED lights can be set to different frequencies so that users can quickly identify what kind of fault has occurred in a noisy environment;

[0028] The power indicator light is a set of LEDs that are always on when powered on.

[0029] Furthermore, the first stepper motor is connected to the throttle of the micro internal combustion engine via a throttle interface tooling;

[0030] The second stepper motor is connected to the choke of the micro internal combustion engine through a choke interface tooling.

[0031] Furthermore, the internal combustion engine is a micro internal combustion engine;

[0032] The permanent magnet synchronous generator is a high power density permanent magnet synchronous generator.

[0033] Meanwhile, the present invention also provides an operation control method for the above-mentioned portable energy-saving power supply, which is characterized by including the following steps:

[0034] 1) Start-up phase

[0035] Press the second switch "Power On" button and the first switch "Start" button on the control panel in sequence. The rechargeable battery provides initial power to the microprocessor control board. At this time, the microprocessor chip collects the internal combustion engine housing temperature in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, and adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine choke according to the internal combustion engine housing temperature through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor.

[0036] 2) Warm-up stage

[0037] Manually pull the starter cord of the internal combustion engine to ignite it and start the engine to idle. The temperature of the internal combustion engine casing gradually rises until it exceeds its minimum operating temperature. The microprocessor chip, through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor, fully opens the choke of the internal combustion engine. At this time, the internal combustion engine is working normally and is in the minimum no-load idle state until the internal combustion engine reaches its normal operating temperature, and the warm-up is completed.

[0038] 3) Operation phase (power output and engine speed control)

[0039] 3.1) Press the first switch "Run" button on the control panel to switch the power supply of the microprocessor control panel to DC-DC power module. At this time, the power indicator light will illuminate, indicating that the high power density permanent magnet synchronous generator is outputting normally. At the same time, the microprocessor chip also needs to obtain the internal combustion engine casing temperature in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit to determine whether it is greater than or equal to the threshold. If it is, it is overheating, the microprocessor chip cuts off the power output, and controls the fault indicator light to power on through the fault alarm circuit.

[0040] 3.2) The microprocessor chip obtains the output current of the DC-DC power module and the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, and determines whether the output current of the DC-DC power module, the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous generator calculated from the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator are all normal. If normal, the load is connected, and the microprocessor chip controls the opening angle of the micro internal combustion engine throttle through the first stepper motor drive circuit and the first stepper motor according to the magnitude of the output current of the DC-DC power module, so that the speed of the internal combustion engine is maintained at the speed value corresponding to the output current of the DC-DC power module. At this time, the permanent magnet synchronous generator works to meet the output power and is in the minimum power consumption state. Otherwise, the microprocessor chip cuts off the power output and controls the fault indicator light to power on through the fault alarm circuit.

[0041] During this process, as long as the microprocessor control board is powered on, the temperature, voltage, and current are constantly being monitored. Power will be cut off if any abnormality occurs, ensuring high safety.

[0042] 4) Shutdown phase

[0043] Determine whether the portable energy-saving power supply needs to stop working; if the load power consumption ends, the internal combustion engine continues to run at normal idling speed; first press the first switch "Stop" button on the control panel to disconnect the DC-DC power module from the waterproof power supply connector, the normally closed battery relay closes, the external battery power supply starts, and the microprocessor chip closes the choke of the internal combustion engine through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor, preparing for the next working cycle; then press the second switch "Stop" button to turn off the internal combustion engine ignition switch, the internal combustion engine shuts off, and the portable energy-saving power supply ends working; otherwise, return to step 3.2) to continue using power until the load power consumption ends.

[0044] Furthermore, the alarm also powers on and sounds simultaneously with the power-on of the fault indicator light.

[0045] The principle of this invention is:

[0046] This invention provides a portable energy-saving power supply and its operation control method, providing technical support for the safe and reliable application of power supply equipment in environments without power systems in the field; the design concept of this power supply provides design ideas and methods for the energy-saving, safe and reliable design of conventional power supply equipment based on internal combustion engine power generation; the alarm mechanism of this power supply provides an implementation method for the alarm mechanism of conventional electronic equipment. Its core design is to achieve the purpose of energy saving, environmental protection and noise reduction while ensuring normal output. Its key design lies in taking into account five major functions: stable voltage output, accurate speed acquisition, timely throttle adjustment, reasonable choke opening and closing, and reasonable energy switching.

[0047] The specific design principles are as follows:

[0048] First, the internal combustion engine damper control during initial startup.

[0049] The core innovation of this portable energy-saving power supply method lies in using a microprocessor chip to control the throttle opening of the internal combustion engine based on the load's power demand. This ensures the internal combustion engine operates at a constant speed required by the permanent magnet synchronous generator, guaranteeing power supply while saving energy and reducing noise. Because the DC-DC power module guarantees a stable output voltage within the 18-32V range, the throttle opening can be determined based on the load's power demand. This is achieved by fitting a mathematical relationship between the DC-DC power module's output current and the internal combustion engine's throttle opening based on the output characteristics of the internal combustion engine, the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the DC-DC power module. This allows for adjustment of the throttle opening based on the DC-DC power module's output current (also known as the load's power demand or output power).

[0050] Second, energy-saving and environmentally friendly power switching function

[0051] To control the throttle opening during the initial start-up of the internal combustion engine, this portable energy-saving power supply incorporates a rechargeable battery. To extend the battery's lifespan, reduce recycling costs, and uphold environmental principles, the power supply includes a power switching circuit and a battery charging circuit. This solves the power supply problem for the microprocessor control board and also allows for later charging of the rechargeable battery using a generator. The entire system can adjust the throttle opening via a first-step drive circuit and a first-step motor, according to the actual load requirements, enabling the permanent magnet synchronous generator to supply power according to the load demand.

[0052] Third, portable energy-saving power supplies are safe and reliable.

[0053] The microprocessor chip collects real-time data on the output current of the DC-DC power module, the internal combustion engine (or engine) casing temperature (temperature rise), the permanent magnet synchronous generator speed, or the DC-DC power supply output voltage. If the DC-DC power module output current exceeds the design threshold or design percentage of the rated current, the overcurrent fault indicator lights up, the alarm buzzer sounds, and the power output is cut off. If the internal combustion engine casing temperature exceeds the threshold, the overtemperature fault indicator lights up, the alarm buzzer sounds, and the power output is cut off. If the permanent magnet synchronous generator speed or the DC-DC power supply output voltage exceeds the threshold, the overvoltage fault indicator lights up, the alarm buzzer sounds, and the power output is cut off. The buzzer sounds and the alarm indicator flashing frequencies can differ for these three states, allowing users to quickly identify fault information.

[0054] Fourth, the power panel interface is user-friendly and easy to operate.

[0055] The control panel features multiple output interfaces, including two 5V / 5A USB fast charging ports and two 24V / 20A (or 24V / 18A) high-current output ports, which can be used to power mobile phones, laptops, and other electrical devices (such as lighting equipment). All output interfaces are waterproof, making them suitable for harsh environments without power supply, such as in the wild or outdoors. The control panel also includes a waterproof rocker switch for toggling start, stop, and run functions, as well as power-on and power-off functions. The interface is simple, intuitive, and easy to operate. The power supply's casing is designed with a backpack-like structure, based on the structure of a miniature internal combustion engine and portability requirements, making it suitable for carrying in dedicated backpacks or regular backpacks. Beneficial effects

[0056] This portable energy-saving power supply system is based on the optimal energy-saving design concept and the safest and most reliable design approach. Its advantages are mainly reflected in four aspects:

[0057] 1. Low-power startup

[0058] Conventional internal combustion engines typically do not monitor temperature during the initial startup phase. They directly close the choke and open the throttle, utilizing high-power-density fuel to start the engine. This results in high fuel consumption and severe pollution emissions. This portable energy-saving power supply is equipped with a rechargeable battery or clean energy (such as a solar cell) input interface, and adds a power switching circuit and a battery charging circuit. During the startup phase, the battery powers the microprocessor control board, and the microprocessor chip detects the ambient temperature of the internal combustion engine startup environment, confirms the choke opening status and degree, and controls the throttle opening degree, enabling the internal combustion engine to start under suitable fuel consumption conditions.

[0059] 2. Energy-saving operation

[0060] Previously, internal combustion engines operated directly at maximum idle speed and output power, or the throttle opening was manually adjusted according to the load. This portable energy-saving power supply incorporates energy-saving and environmentally friendly design concepts throughout the entire control process. This is reflected not only in the high-power-density permanent magnet synchronous generator, throttle control, choke control, power switching circuit, and battery charging switching circuit, but also in the control philosophy itself. It utilizes load feedback for closed-loop regulation, i.e., real-time acquisition of the DC-DC power module output current, internal combustion engine casing temperature, and permanent magnet synchronous generator output voltage (generator speed). Based on the load demand, it controls the opening and closing of the internal combustion engine choke and throttle, ensuring that the internal combustion engine outputs the appropriate speed to drive the generator to output the appropriate power, achieving noise reduction and emission reduction. In other words, the internal combustion engine always operates in a constant power mode according to the load conditions, generating power according to load demand, thus saving energy, reducing noise, and reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

[0061] 3. Security Applications

[0062] This portable energy-saving power supply collects and monitors the internal combustion engine's operating temperature, the DC-DC power module's output current, and the permanent magnet synchronous generator's output voltage and speed in real time. If over-temperature, over-current, over-voltage, or over-speed occurs, the microprocessor chip automatically switches the power output through the control relay circuit, cutting off the load power supply and keeping the engine at its lowest idle speed. It is also equipped with over-temperature, over-current, and over-voltage (over-speed) alarms, using different frequencies of alarm sounds and flashing lights for different alarm states. This ensures timely and accurate identification of alarm states in different operating environments, ensuring that the power supply operates in a safe and monitorable state.

[0063] 4. Intelligent control circuit

[0064] Based on actual application requirements, the system automatically switches the power supply status of the internal microprocessor control board by controlling normally open and normally closed relays, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the rechargeable battery. According to the power load conditions and power protection mechanism, the system automatically switches the output status of the DC-DC power module and provides early warning prompts, achieving the goals of energy saving, emission reduction, and safe and reliable operation. Attached Figure Description

[0065] Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the working principle of the portable energy-saving power supply of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 is a block diagram of the battery and generator power supply and switching circuit in the portable energy-saving power supply of the present invention.

[0067] Figure 3 is a general principle block diagram of the portable energy-saving power supply of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 is a control flowchart of the portable energy-saving power supply of the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention

[0069] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0070] As shown in Figures 1-3, a portable energy-saving power supply includes a housing, a microprocessor control board located within the housing, an internal combustion engine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a rectifier and filter module, a DC-DC power module, and a rechargeable battery. A suitable micro internal combustion engine and a small-volume, high-power-density permanent magnet synchronous generator can be selected based on the power supply's maximum output power, resulting in a reduction in the power supply's size and weight.

[0071] The microprocessor control board integrates a microprocessor chip, as well as an internal combustion engine control interface circuit, a power switching circuit and a battery charging circuit, a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit (internal combustion engine housing temperature, generator output voltage, DC / DC output load current), a fault alarm circuit, a DC / DC power supply voltage acquisition circuit, a battery voltage acquisition circuit, and a generator speed acquisition circuit.

[0072] The outer casing features a control panel electrically connected to the microprocessor chip. The control panel includes a first switch integrating "Start / Run / Stop," a second switch integrating "Power On / Stop," a waterproof power connector, a fault indicator light, and a power indicator light. The waterproof power connector includes two sets of 4-pin waterproof connectors and two sets of USB 3.0 waterproof connectors. The fault indicator light consists of three sets of flashing LEDs to warn of overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage faults. The flashing frequencies of the three sets of LEDs can be set to different frequencies for quick fault identification. Three alarm buzzers are also present to warn of overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage faults. The frequencies of the three alarm buzzers can be set to different frequencies for quick fault identification. The power indicator light is a single, constantly lit LED. Both the first and second switches are waterproof rocker switches and can be distinguished by different colors. Pressing the "Start" button on the first switch connects the rechargeable battery to the microprocessor control board; "Run" connects the DC-DC power module to the waterproof power connector; and "Stop" disconnects the DC-DC power module from the waterproof power connector.

[0073] The internal combustion engine is a power device that directly converts the heat energy released by the combustion of internal fuel into power. It is coaxially connected to a high-power-density permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the pull rope of the recoil starter in the micro internal combustion engine extends out of the outer shell.

[0074] The high-power-density permanent magnet synchronous generator is driven by a micro internal combustion engine to operate continuously. It uses magnetic field to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and outputs three-phase alternating current.

[0075] The rectifier and filter module is used to convert the three-phase AC power output from the permanent magnet synchronous generator into a wide range of DC power. In this embodiment, the rectifier and filter module consists of a rectifier circuit and a filter circuit, including six sets of high-voltage, high-current rectifier diodes, inductors, and capacitors, to convert the three-phase AC power output from the permanent magnet synchronous generator into DC power.

[0076] The DC-DC power module is used to stabilize the wide-range DC voltage output from the rectifier and filter module within the 18-32 V voltage range required by the load. The DC-DC power module integrates an input filter circuit, a boost circuit, a buck circuit, and an output filter circuit. Its input is the output voltage of the rectifier and filter module. In this embodiment, its output is one 24V, one 20V, and two 5V (the 24V voltage is used to power the device, the 20V voltage output cable is connected to a USB interface for charging laptops, industrial control laptops, and other work equipment, and the two 5V outputs are used for charging user mobile phones and other devices via USB 3.0 interfaces). Through the internal boost and buck circuits, the DC-DC power module can stably output a DC voltage of 18-32 V when the high-power-density permanent magnet synchronous generator outputs a certain wide range of voltage, thus meeting the load requirements.

[0077] Rechargeable batteries are used to store electrical energy and provide initial power to the microprocessor control board (i.e., powering the microprocessor control board before the internal combustion engine starts). In this way, the temperature of the micro internal combustion engine casing can be collected before the micro internal combustion engine or high-power-density permanent magnet synchronous generator starts. The microprocessor chip determines whether the micro internal combustion engine choke is open or closed and the opening angle based on the temperature, ensuring that the micro internal combustion engine starts in the most energy-efficient, environmentally friendly and noise-reducing state. Furthermore, the use of rechargeable batteries can also realize battery reuse, reduce the amount of waste batteries generated, and achieve energy-saving and environmental protection effects.

[0078] The main functions of the integrated circuits in the microprocessor control board are as follows:

[0079] ① Internal combustion engine control interface circuit

[0080] The two shutdown control lines of the internal combustion engine are electrically connected to the second switch through this circuit; pressing the second switch can disconnect the two shutdown control lines when the engine is "on" and short-circuit them when the engine is "off"; when the internal combustion engine is in the "on" state, the permanent magnet synchronous generator is started by manually pulling the pull rope of the recoil starter; when the internal combustion engine is in the "off" state, the permanent magnet synchronous generator shuts off and stops running. Of course, in order to avoid the internal combustion engine from shutting down automatically (for example, in the event of damage or lack of fuel), the portable energy-saving power supply is also equipped with a DC motor. This DC motor is powered by a rechargeable battery or an external power source (such as an external clean energy source), and its output shaft is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator, which can also drive the permanent magnet synchronous generator to run continuously.

[0081] ②Multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit

[0082] The microprocessor chip acquires the output current of the DC-DC power module, the internal combustion engine casing temperature, and the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in real time through a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit. This enables the portable energy-saving power supply to be protected and used safely. The internal combustion engine temperature acquisition can utilize an integrated chip, a PT100 resistor, a Huygens bridge, or a rail-to-rail operational amplifier to convert the temperature signal into a voltage signal, which is then input to the microprocessor chip's AD input. The permanent magnet synchronous generator output voltage is detected by dividing the voltage from the rectifier and filter module through resistors, followed by a first-stage follower filter, and then input to the microprocessor chip's AD input. The DC-DC power module output current (i.e., load current) acquisition can employ a current sensor or a current sampling resistor method. In this embodiment, a 20A current sensor with a first-stage follower circuit is sufficient. The temperature, voltage, and current signals obtained by the acquisition and conditioning circuit are output by comparators. When the value of any signal exceeds the corresponding threshold, a high level is output. The output signal is then output as a low level through an OR gate, which controls the MOSFET power switch (or a normally closed relay capable of handling large currents) to disconnect, cutting off the power output of the control panel and providing over-temperature, over-voltage, and over-current protection.

[0083] ③ Fault alarm circuit

[0084] In this embodiment, the portable power supply also includes an alarm buzzer. The microprocessor chip controls the fault indicator and alarm buzzer to power on via a fault alarm circuit based on overcurrent, overtemperature, and / or overvoltage signals. The aforementioned overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage comparison signals also control three NPN transistors, which are connected in series with the fault indicator and the buzzer, respectively. When a fault occurs, the fault indicator flashes, the alarm buzzer sounds, and the three fault indicator lights have different colors, flashing frequencies, and buzzer frequencies, facilitating timely and accurate identification of the cause of the fault.

[0085] ④ Generator speed acquisition circuit

[0086] Given the operating characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs), their speed and output voltage have a certain proportional relationship. To more accurately detect the output voltage and control power supply noise, this portable energy-saving power supply provides dual protection by acquiring the generator speed signal and integrating a generator speed acquisition circuit on the microprocessor control board. First, the three-phase AC signal output from the PMSG is isolated and level-converted via an optocoupler isolation circuit (this circuit not only provides signal isolation but also zero-crossing comparison, converting the PMSG output AC signal into a square wave signal for generator speed acquisition). This converts the sine wave signal into a square wave signal, and then into a 5V level signal. Next, a level conversion chip converts the 5V signal to 3.3V, and finally, it is input to the CAP signal capture terminal (level signal capture terminal) of the microprocessor chip. The microprocessor chip uses a periodic detection method or pulse counting method to detect the square wave signal frequency, thereby detecting the generator speed. Based on the detection results, it adjusts the opening angles of the internal combustion engine throttle and choke in real time to achieve energy saving and noise reduction.

[0087] ⑤ Power switching circuit and battery charging circuit

[0088] The microprocessor chip acquires the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the output voltage of the DC-DC power module through the battery voltage acquisition circuit and the DC / DC power supply voltage acquisition circuit, respectively, and makes reasonable use of the rechargeable battery through the power switching circuit and the battery charging circuit according to the magnitude of the output voltage of the DC-DC power module.

[0089] The power switching circuit and battery charging circuit are connected via a battery output interface, a DC-DC power module output interface, a first switch integrating "start / run / stop" functions, a PNP power transistor, an NPN power transistor, a microprocessor I / O control interface, and a microprocessor control board power interface. Specifically, the battery output interface is connected in series with the PNP power transistor and then to the 24V power input terminal of the microprocessor control board; the DC-DC power module output interface is connected in series with the NPN power transistor and then to the 24V power input terminal of the microprocessor control board; and a set of switching signals from the first switch is connected in series to the 24V power supply circuit of the microprocessor control board.

[0090] When the first switch is in the "Start" state, the switch is closed, connecting the rechargeable battery and powering the microprocessor control board. At this time, the PNP power transistor control signal IO1 is low by default, and the PNP transistor is on. The NPN power transistor control signal IO2 is low by default, and the NPN power transistor is off. When the battery voltage drops below 18V, the NPN power transistor control signal IO2 outputs a high-level control signal, turning on the NPN power transistor and connecting the DC-DC power module output interface to the battery output interface, thus starting the charging circuit. When the DC-DC power module output voltage is 24V and the rechargeable battery voltage is greater than 18V, the PNP power transistor control signal IO1 is high. At this time, the rechargeable battery is disconnected from the microprocessor control board, and the microprocessor control board switches to being powered by the DC-DC power module.

[0091] ⑥Throttle control circuit and choke control circuit

[0092] The microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine throttle through the first stepper motor drive circuit and the first stepper motor based on the output current of the DC-DC power module. This is the throttle control circuit. The first stepper motor is connected to the throttle of the internal combustion engine through the throttle interface fixture. The microprocessor chip's I / O interface realizes the output of control signals and level conversion. The first stepper motor drive circuit is composed of Darlington array circuits, which increases the driving capability of the first stepper motor control signal, realizes the driving of the first stepper motor, and achieves the purpose of controlling the opening and closing of the internal combustion engine throttle and the opening angle.

[0093] The microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine choke based on the temperature of the internal combustion engine casing via a second stepper motor drive circuit and a second stepper motor. This is the choke control circuit. The second stepper motor is connected to the internal combustion engine choke through a choke interface fixture. The microprocessor chip's I / O interface outputs control signals and performs level conversion. The second stepper motor drive circuit consists of a Darlington array circuit, which increases the driving capability of the second stepper motor control signal, thereby driving the second stepper motor to operate and controlling the opening and closing of the internal combustion engine choke and the size of its opening angle.

[0094] Because there are many ways to implement the above-mentioned circuit functions, it is not limited to the method provided in this embodiment. As long as the corresponding purpose can be achieved, other mature methods can be used.

[0095] In short, the working principle of portable energy-saving power supplies is:

[0096] An internal combustion engine is coaxially connected to a permanent magnet synchronous generator. The operation of the internal combustion engine drives the generator to output three-phase AC power, which is converted into DC voltage through a rectifier and filter module to achieve stable voltage output.

[0097] Based on the power output load capacity, the microprocessor chip controls the first and second stepper motors to control the opening and closing of the throttle and choke, as well as the opening angle, thereby controlling the internal combustion engine speed and generator speed, and achieving stable output of appropriate voltage and power. When the output voltage reaches the required level, the rechargeable battery is switched off via a relay to the DC-DC power module (i.e., the generator power supply), reducing the energy consumption of the rechargeable battery.

[0098] If the rechargeable battery voltage is detected to be insufficient during generator power supply, the generator output circuit can be switched to the battery charging circuit to achieve automatic charging of the rechargeable battery.

[0099] To achieve energy saving, environmental protection, and noise reduction in this portable energy-saving power supply device, the hardware design includes a rechargeable battery, a power switching circuit and a battery charging circuit, as well as a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit. The rechargeable battery allows the microprocessor to pre-collect the internal combustion engine casing temperature to determine the opening and closing degree of the choke (in the default closed state, fuel consumption is high and pollution is significant), thus achieving energy saving and environmental protection. The multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit design allows the portable energy-saving power supply to determine the throttle opening degree of the internal combustion engine based on the load output current characteristics, ensuring the internal combustion engine operates with appropriate output power while achieving low fuel consumption, reduced speed, and lower noise. During the engine shutdown phase, pressing the "Stop" button connects the internal combustion engine shutdown line, shutting off the engine and ending the power supply operation.

[0100] As shown in Figure 4, the core design principle of this portable energy-saving power supply is to ensure energy saving, environmental protection, and noise reduction while maintaining normal output. Its specific operation and control methods include the following steps:

[0101] 1) Start-up phase

[0102] Press the first "Start" button and the second "Power On" button on the control panel. The rechargeable battery provides initial power to the microprocessor control board. At this time, the microprocessor chip starts to work. It collects the internal combustion engine housing temperature in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit. Based on the temperature of the internal combustion engine housing, it determines whether the choke needs to be opened (it is closed by default). It then adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine choke through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor.

[0103] 2) Warm-up stage

[0104] Manually pull the starter cord of the internal combustion engine to start the engine and let it idle. The temperature of the internal combustion engine casing will gradually rise until it exceeds its minimum operating temperature (determined according to the engine model). The microprocessor chip will then fully open the engine choke through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor. At this time, the internal combustion engine will work normally and be in the minimum no-load idle state until the internal combustion engine reaches its normal operating temperature (determined according to the engine model). The warm-up process is then complete.

[0105] 3) Operation phase (power output and engine speed control)

[0106] 3.1) Press the "Run" button on the first switch of the control panel to switch the power supply of the microprocessor control panel to DC-DC power module (i.e., the generator power output relay is turned on). At this time, the power indicator light will illuminate, indicating that the high power density permanent magnet synchronous generator output is normal. At the same time, the microprocessor chip also needs to obtain the internal combustion engine casing temperature in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit to determine whether it is greater than or equal to the threshold. If it is, it is overheating. The microprocessor chip cuts off the power output and controls the fault indicator light to power on through the fault alarm circuit.

[0107] 3.2) The microprocessor chip collects the output current of the DC-DC power module and the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in real time through a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, and determines whether the output current of the DC-DC power module, the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous generator are all normal. If normal, the load is connected, and the microprocessor chip controls the opening and closing degree of the throttle of the micro internal combustion engine through the first stepper motor drive circuit and the first stepper motor according to the magnitude of the output current of the DC-DC power module, so that the speed of the internal combustion engine is maintained at the speed value corresponding to the output current of the DC-DC power module. At this time, the permanent magnet synchronous generator works to meet the output power and is in the minimum power consumption state (if no load is connected, the detected current is zero, and the internal combustion engine maintains normal idling speed). Otherwise, the microprocessor chip cuts off the power output and controls the fault indicator light and alarm buzzer to power on through the fault alarm circuit.

[0108] 4) Shutdown phase

[0109] Determine whether the portable energy-saving power supply needs to stop working. If the load power consumption ends, the internal combustion engine continues to run at normal idling speed. First, press the "Stop" button on the first switch of the control panel to disconnect the DC-DC power module from the waterproof power supply connector. The normally closed battery relay closes, the external battery power supply starts, and the microprocessor chip closes the choke of the internal combustion engine through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor, preparing for the next working cycle. Then, press the "Stop" button on the second switch to turn off the internal combustion engine ignition switch, the internal combustion engine shuts off, and the portable energy-saving power supply ends its operation. Otherwise, continue to use power until the load power consumption ends.

[0110] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, and such modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable energy-saving power supply, characterized in that: It includes an outer casing, a microprocessor control board located inside the outer casing, an internal combustion engine, a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a rectifier and filter module, a DC-DC power supply module, and a rechargeable battery; The microprocessor control board integrates a microprocessor chip, as well as an internal combustion engine control interface circuit, a power switching circuit and a battery charging circuit, a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, a fault alarm circuit, a DC / DC power supply voltage acquisition circuit, and a battery voltage acquisition circuit that are electrically connected to it. The outer casing is equipped with a control panel electrically connected to the microprocessor chip; the control panel is equipped with a first switch integrating "start / run / stop", a second switch integrating "power on / stop", a waterproof power supply connector, a fault indicator light, and a power operation indicator light; The internal combustion engine is coaxially connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator, which is used to drive the permanent magnet synchronous generator to output three-phase AC power; wherein, the pull rope of the recoil starter in the internal combustion engine extends out of the outer casing. The rectifier and filter module is used to convert the three-phase AC power output from the permanent magnet synchronous generator into a wide range of DC power. The DC-DC power supply module is used to stabilize the wide range of DC power output from the rectifier and filter module within the 18-32 V voltage range required by the load. The rechargeable battery is used to store electrical energy and provide initial power to the microprocessor control board; The "Start" switch in the first switch is used to connect the rechargeable battery and the microprocessor control board, the "Run" switch is used to connect the DC-DC power module and the waterproof power supply connector, and the "Stop" switch is used to disconnect the DC-DC power module and the waterproof power supply connector. The two shutdown control lines of the internal combustion engine are electrically connected to the second switch through the internal combustion engine control interface circuit; pressing the second switch can disconnect the two shutdown control lines when the engine is "on" and short-circuit the two shutdown control lines when the engine is "off"; when the internal combustion engine is in the "on" state, the permanent magnet synchronous generator is started by manually pulling the pull rope of the recoil starter; when the internal combustion engine is in the "off" state, the permanent magnet synchronous generator is shut down and stops running. The microprocessor chip obtains the output current of the DC-DC power module, the internal combustion engine casing temperature, the load operating current, and the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in real time through a multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, and monitors the working status of the portable energy-saving power supply. When the value of any acquired signal exceeds the corresponding threshold, a high level is output. The output signal is output as a low level through an OR gate, and the power output of the control panel is cut off by a normally closed relay circuit to perform overcurrent, overtemperature, and overvoltage protection. The microprocessor chip controls the fault indicator light to power on via the fault alarm circuit based on overcurrent, overtemperature and / or overvoltage signals. The microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine throttle through the first stepper motor drive circuit and the first stepper motor according to the magnitude of the output current of the DC-DC power module. The microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine choke through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor according to the initial temperature of the internal combustion engine casing. The microprocessor chip acquires the voltage of the rechargeable battery and the output voltage of the DC-DC power module through the battery voltage acquisition circuit and the DC / DC power supply voltage acquisition circuit, respectively, and makes reasonable use of the rechargeable battery through the power switching circuit and the battery charging circuit according to the magnitude of the output voltage of the DC-DC power module.

2. The portable energy-saving power supply according to claim 1, characterized in that: The microprocessor control board also integrates a generator speed acquisition circuit that is electrically connected to the microprocessor chip; the microprocessor chip adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine throttle in a timely manner according to the acquired permanent magnet synchronous generator speed.

3. The portable energy-saving power supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It also includes DC motors; The DC motor is powered by a rechargeable battery or an external power source, and its output shaft is connected to the permanent magnet synchronous generator.

4. The portable energy-saving power supply according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes three sets of buzzers with different frequency responses; The microprocessor chip controls the buzzer to sound through a fault alarm circuit.

5. The portable energy-saving power supply according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power supply waterproof aviation connector includes two sets of 4-pin waterproof aviation connectors and two sets of USB 3.0 waterproof aviation connectors; The fault indicator light consists of three sets of LED alarm lights with different flashing frequencies, which respectively warn of overcurrent faults, overtemperature faults, and overvoltage faults; The power indicator light is a set of LEDs that are always on when powered on.

6. The portable energy-saving power supply according to claim 5, characterized in that: The first stepper motor is connected to the throttle of the micro internal combustion engine via a throttle interface fixture; The second stepper motor is connected to the choke of the micro internal combustion engine through a choke interface tooling.

7. The portable energy-saving power supply according to claim 6, characterized in that: The internal combustion engine is a micro internal combustion engine; The permanent magnet synchronous generator is a high power density permanent magnet synchronous generator.

8. The operation control method of the portable energy-saving power supply according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: 1) Start-up phase Press the "Power On" button on the second switch and the "Start" button on the first switch on the control panel in sequence. The rechargeable battery provides initial power to the microprocessor control board. At this time, the microprocessor chip collects the internal combustion engine housing temperature in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, and adjusts the opening angle of the internal combustion engine choke according to the internal combustion engine housing temperature through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor. 2) Warm-up stage Manually pull the starter cord of the internal combustion engine to start the engine and make it idle. The temperature of the internal combustion engine casing will gradually rise until it exceeds its minimum operating temperature. The microprocessor chip will fully open the choke of the internal combustion engine through the second stepper motor drive circuit and the second stepper motor. At this time, the internal combustion engine will work normally and be in the minimum no-load idle state until the internal combustion engine reaches the normal operating temperature. The warm-up process is complete. 3) Operation phase 3.1) Press the "Run" button on the first switch of the control panel to switch the power supply of the microprocessor control panel to DC-DC power module. At this time, the power indicator light will illuminate, indicating that the high power density permanent magnet synchronous generator is outputting normally. At the same time, the microprocessor chip also needs to obtain the internal combustion engine casing temperature in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit to determine whether it is greater than or equal to the threshold. If it is, it is overheating. The microprocessor chip cuts off the power output and controls the fault indicator light to power on through the fault alarm circuit. 3.2) The microprocessor chip obtains the output current of the DC-DC power module and the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator in real time through the multi-signal acquisition and protection circuit, and determines whether the output current of the DC-DC power module, the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator, and the speed of the permanent magnet synchronous generator calculated from the output voltage of the permanent magnet synchronous generator are all normal. If normal, the load is connected, and the microprocessor chip controls the opening angle of the micro internal combustion engine throttle through the first stepper motor drive circuit and the first stepper motor according to the magnitude of the output current of the DC-DC power module, so that the speed of the internal combustion engine is maintained at the speed value corresponding to the output current of the DC-DC power module. At this time, the permanent magnet synchronous generator works to meet the output power and is in the minimum power consumption state. Otherwise, the microprocessor chip cuts off the power output and controls the fault indicator light to power on through the fault alarm circuit. 4) Shutdown phase Determine whether the portable energy-saving power supply needs to stop working; if the load power consumption ends and the internal combustion engine continues to run at normal idling speed, then first press the first switch "Stop" button on the control panel, and then press the second switch "Stop" button to end the operation of the portable energy-saving power supply; otherwise, return to step 3.2) to continue using power until the load power consumption ends.

9. The operation control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The alarm also sounds when the fault indicator light is powered on.

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