Building wall and method for constructing same

Abstract

The present invention relates to a double-wall building wall and provides a building wall and a method for constructing same which afford excellent fire resistance, with open joints applied to an overlay. A building wall 100 includes: a backing 30 which is attached to at least one surface 41 of a stud 40 and comprises a plurality of backing face materials 30A; and an overlay 20 which is connected to the backing face materials 30A, faces indoors, and comprises a plurality of overlay materials 20A. By separating headers 24 of adjacent overlay materials 20A from each other, open joints 25(26) are formed. Felt 70 comprising an incombustible fiber material is laid on a joint bottom 25a of the open joint 25(26), and a joiner 60 for closing the felt 70 connects the adjacent overlay materials 20A.

Description

Building Wall and Its Construction Method

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a building wall and its construction method.

[0002] Conventionally, in some cases, a two-layer building wall in which a ceiling board and a ceiling board formed by a plurality of building facing materials are laminated on one side of a stud (or intermediate column) is applied. This type of building wall can be referred to as a one-sided two-layer building wall. The one-sided two-layer building wall is constructed when construction from one side of the stud is inevitable in the construction of attaching building facing materials to the stud, such as in the partition wall between staircase rooms.

[0003] In a one-sided two-layer building wall, the stud on the side where the building facing material is not attached will be exposed to the outside. Therefore, when a fire occurs on the side where the stud is exposed, the stud is easily deformed by being directly exposed to the flame. When the stud is deformed, both the ceiling board and the ceiling board are bent, and the joints between the plurality of ceiling board materials forming the ceiling board and the joints between the plurality of ceiling board materials forming the ceiling board open, and it becomes easier for the flame to leak from the opened joints.

[0004] For example, if the flame leaks from the joints of the ceiling board facing the interior, the spread of the fire will extend into the interior. Therefore, from the perspective of fire resistance, it is preferable to apply butt joints instead of openwork joints to the joints between the plurality of ceiling board materials. More specifically, it is preferable that butt joints are applied to both the ceiling board and the ceiling board from the perspective of fire resistance.

[0005] By the way, a finishing material such as a cloth is to be adhered to the surface of the ceiling board. However, when butt joints are applied to the ceiling board, there is a problem that the finishing material such as a cloth is easily twisted when the building wall is deformed by vibration represented by an earthquake. Therefore, from the perspective of preventing the twisting and breaking of the finishing material caused by vibration, it is preferable to apply openwork joints instead of butt joints to the ceiling board.

[0006] From the above, regarding a two-layer building wall, a building wall and its construction method that are excellent in fire resistance while applying openwork joints to the ceiling board are desired.

[0007] Here, Patent Document 1 proposes a partition wall. This partition wall comprises a plurality of columnar base materials arranged at intervals, and a wall surface member having an underlayment supported by the base materials and an overlayment supported by the underlayment. The overlayment is arranged to form a wall shape and has a plurality of overlay surface materials facing the underlayment on its main surface. Of the recesses formed by the mutually opposing end faces of adjacent overlay surface materials, that is, the end faces that are spaced apart to form a gap joint, and the surface of the underlayment, 50% or more in the thickness direction of the overlay surface material is filled with a filler, preferably 100% is filled with a filler.

[0008] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2023-141096

[0009] In the partition wall described in Patent Document 1, it is stated that the fire resistance can be improved by filling the recessed area of ​​the open joint applied to the overlay with a filler to an area of ​​50% or more of its thickness.

[0010] However, simply filling the recesses of open joints with filler (or sealant) is insufficient to create a partition wall with adequate fire resistance. For example, if 50% of the recesses of the open joints are filled with sealant and the remaining 50% is left unsealed, a large area of ​​the open joint will be unsealed, increasing the likelihood of flames leaking through the joints.

[0011] This disclosure provides a building wall and a construction method for a two-layer building wall that offers excellent fire resistance while applying open joints to the overlay.

[0012] A building wall according to one aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a felt made of a non-combustible fiber material is laid at the bottom of the gap joint, and a connecting member that seals the felt connects the adjacent overlay panels.

[0013] Furthermore, a building wall according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a building wall having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a connecting member is provided at the bottom of the gap joint, and the connecting member is sealed by felt made of a non-combustible fiber material.

[0014] Furthermore, a building wall according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a single-sided building wall having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a sealant is filled into the bottom of the gap joint, and a connecting member that seals the sealant connects the adjacent overlay panels.

[0015] Furthermore, a building wall according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a single-sided building wall having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a connecting member is provided at the bottom of the gap joint, and the connecting member is sealed with a sealant.

[0016] Furthermore, a method for constructing a building wall according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, comprising: an underlayment construction step of constructing the underlayment by attaching the plurality of underlayment panels to at least one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlayment while separating the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels from each other to form a gap joint, wherein in the overlay construction step, felt made of a non-combustible fiber material is laid at the bottom of the gap joint, and a connecting member is connected to the adjacent overlay panel so as to cover the felt.

[0017] Furthermore, a method for constructing a building wall according to another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for constructing a building wall comprising: an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud; and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, comprising: an underlayment construction step of constructing the underlayment by attaching the plurality of underlayment panels to at least one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlayment while separating the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels to form open joints, wherein in the overlay construction step, a connecting member is placed at the bottom of the open joint, and felt made of non-combustible fiber material is laid to seal the connecting member.

[0018] Furthermore, a method for constructing a building wall according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for constructing a building wall that is a single-sided wall, having an underlay consisting of a plurality of underlay panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlay panels and facing the interior, comprising: an underlay construction step of constructing the underlay by attaching the plurality of underlay panels to one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlay while separating the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels from each other to form a gap joint, wherein in the overlay construction step, a sealing material is filled into the bottom of the gap joint and a connecting member is connected to the adjacent overlay panel so as to seal the sealing material.

[0019] Furthermore, a method for constructing a building wall according to yet another aspect of the present disclosure is a method for constructing a building wall that is a single-sided wall, having an underlay consisting of a plurality of underlay panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlay panels and facing the interior, comprising: an underlay construction step of constructing the underlay by attaching the plurality of underlay panels to one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlay while separating the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels to form a gap joint, wherein in the overlay construction step, a connecting member is placed at the bottom of the gap joint and a sealing material is filled in such a way as to close the connecting member.

[0020] According to this disclosure, it is possible to provide a building wall with excellent fire resistance and a construction method for a two-layer building wall, even while applying open joints to the overlay.

[0021] This is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the first embodiment. This is a cross-sectional view of the general part of the building wall, taken along the line II-II in Figure 1. This is a plan view showing the treatment of the butt joint of the underlayment at the bottom of the joint of the open joint of the overlayment. This is a cross-sectional view of an example of a building wall according to the second embodiment. This is a cross-sectional view of an example of a building wall according to the third embodiment. This is a cross-sectional view of an example of a building wall according to the fourth embodiment. This is a diagram showing the test results of a fire resistance performance test.

[0022] Hereinafter, examples of building walls and their construction methods according to each embodiment will be described with reference to the attached drawings. In this specification and drawings, substantially identical components may be denoted by the same reference numerals to avoid redundant explanations.

[0023] [Building Wall and Construction Method According to the First Embodiment] First, an example of a building wall and construction method according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 1 to 3. Here, Figure 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a building wall according to the first embodiment. Figure 2 is a view taken along the line II-II in Figure 1, and is a cross-sectional view of the general part of the building wall. Figure 3 is a plan view showing the treatment of the butt joint of the underlayment at the bottom of the joint of the open joint of the overlayment.

[0024] Here, the building wall in the illustrated example is a single-sided partition wall (single-sided wall) with two layers of underlayment and overlay on one side of the studs. However, the building wall may also be a double-sided wall (double-sided wall) with two layers of underlayment on opposite sides of the studs.

[0025] Furthermore, a single-sided or double-sided wall with three or more overlapping panels is also included in the two-panel building wall shown in the illustration. In this configuration, for example, since a separate panel other than the underlayment and toplay is attached to the stud, the layered structure is, in order from the stud side, stud, separate panel, underlayment, and toplay, and therefore the underlayment is attached indirectly to the stud. In addition, in this three-panel configuration, there are other layered configurations, such as, in order from the stud side, stud, underlayment, separate panel, and toplay.

[0026] Furthermore, the installation method (laying method) of the underlayment 30A and the overlayment 20A described below may be butt joint (a method in which both the horizontal and vertical joints of the panels are aligned in a straight line) or brick joint (a method in which the horizontal joints of the panels are aligned in a straight line, but the vertical joints of the panels are not aligned in a straight line but are offset).

[0027] Furthermore, although the building wall in the illustrated example is described as a partition wall, the building wall may also be the interior wall of an exterior wall, etc.

[0028] The partition wall 100 shown in Figure 1 (an example of a building wall) is applicable to steel-frame buildings, reinforced concrete (RC) buildings, wooden buildings, etc., and these buildings include not only ordinary detached houses and apartment buildings, but also factories and warehouses.

[0029] The partition wall 100 has a plurality of studs 40 that constitute the main frame, and a lower runner 46 (or floor runner) and an upper runner 45 (or ceiling runner). The studs 40 extend in the vertical direction, and the upper runner 45 and lower runner 46 extend in the horizontal direction. In addition to the configuration in which the upper runner extends in the horizontal direction, it may also be attached to a sloped ceiling and extend in a non-horizontal direction.

[0030] Both the upper runner 45 and the lower runner 46 are made of lightweight steel material such as channel steel. The upper runner 45 is attached to the upper floor structure 47 with its opening facing downwards, and the lower runner 46 is attached to the lower floor structure 48 with its opening facing upwards.

[0031] The stud 40 is formed from a lightweight steel channel with a lip, but it may also be formed from other channel steels or square steel pipes.

[0032] Each stud 40 is fixed to the upper runner 45 and lower runner 46 by fitting its upper end 43 and lower end 44 into the upper runner 45 and lower runner 46, respectively. Although not shown in the figures, a plurality of horizontally extending braces may be provided at predetermined pitches (for example, 1200 mm pitches) in the height direction of the stud 40.

[0033] The upper runner 45, lower runner 46, and studs 40 are, for example, lightweight steel materials with a thickness of 0.4 mm or more, and steel runners and steel studs specified in JIS A 6517 ("Steel Substrates for Buildings"), or equivalent, compliant, or compatible products thereof can be used. In the partition wall 100, multiple studs 40 are installed between the lower runner 46 and the upper runner 45 at intervals of 606 mm or less (for example, intervals of 606 mm and 455 mm) in the width direction of the wall (the longitudinal direction of the lower runner 46, etc. in Figure 1).

[0034] In the partition wall 100, the back surface 32 of the horizontally arranged underlayment panel 30A abuts against one mounting surface 41 of the stud 40, and is connected to the other mounting surface 41 of the stud 40 from the front surface 31 side by screws 51 such as screw screws. The underlayment 30 is formed by multiple underlayment panels 30A connected to the stud 40.

[0035] On the other hand, the back surface 22 of the vertically positioned overlay panel 20A is bonded to the underlayment 30 with adhesive 53, and the overlay panel 20A is connected to the underlayment 30 by staples 52 driven in from the front interior side surface 21. The overlay 20 is formed by multiple overlay panels 20A connected to the underlayment 30. Here, instead of bonding with adhesive and fastening with staples, the overlay panels may be fastened with screws without adhesive. Here, "interior" includes not only living rooms and other habitable rooms, but also various spaces and parts inside the building, such as stairwells, corridors, and elevator lobbies.

[0036] In this way, on one side of the stud 40, a double layer of overlapping 10 (two layers) is formed by the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20, and a partition wall 100, which is a single-sided wall, is formed.

[0037] Here, in addition to the illustrated example, the underlayment 30A may be arranged vertically and the toplayment 20A may be arranged horizontally, or both the underlayment and toplayment may be arranged vertically, or both the underlayment and toplayment may be arranged horizontally.

[0038] Examples of single-sided partition walls 100 include stairwell partition walls and elevator shaft partition walls, where, in the construction of attaching underlayment 30 or overlayment 20 to studs 40, construction must be carried out from one side of the studs 40.

[0039] The underlayment panel 30A, which is a building surface material, can be made of gypsum board, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, particleboard, hardboard, plywood, structural plywood, etc., and among these, gypsum board and gypsum board are preferably used.

[0040] On the other hand, the overlay surface material 20A, which is a building surface material, can be made of gypsum board, gypsum board, calcium silicate board, etc., and among these, gypsum board or gypsum board is preferably used.

[0041] Here, gypsum board includes not only general gypsum board, but also reinforced gypsum board, ordinary hard gypsum board, sheathing hard gypsum board, moisture-absorbing and releasing reinforced gypsum board, moisture-absorbing and releasing ordinary gypsum board, moisture-absorbing and releasing sheathing hard gypsum board, glass fiber nonwoven fabric gypsum board, glass mat gypsum board, etc.

[0042] For example, when gypsum board is used, its short side, long side, and thickness are formed from semi-noncombustible material measuring 910 mm x 1820 mm x 9.5 mm, or noncombustible material measuring 910 mm x 1820 mm (2420 mm, 2730 mm) x 12.5 mm (15 mm, 21 mm, 25 mm), and the width of the gypsum board can be 606 mm, 1000 mm, 1220 mm, etc., in addition to 910 mm.

[0043] In the illustrated example, both the underlayment 30A and the overlayment 20A are panels with beveled edges, but they may also be panels with tapered edges or square edges.

[0044] For the adhesive 53 that connects the upper facing material 20A to the lower facing 30, for example, any one or a combination of two or more of vinyl acetate resin adhesives, acrylic resin adhesives, urethane resin adhesives, epoxy resin adhesives, polyamide adhesives, polysulfide adhesives, vinyl chloride resin adhesives, sodium silicate adhesives, silicone adhesives, synthetic rubber adhesives, gypsum adhesives, calcium carbonate adhesives can be applied. Further, instead of the adhesive 53, an adhesive tape, screws, nails, staples, etc. may be applied, or for example, an adhesive and staples may be combined and applied.

[0045] In the lower facing 30, between the ends 34 of a plurality of lower facing materials 30A that are adjacent to each other vertically and horizontally, there are provided a second vertical joint (an example of a second joint), which is a butting joint and not shown, and a second horizontal joint 36 (another example of a second joint), which is also a butting joint. Here, the ends 34 include the edge portions of the lower facing materials 30A.

[0046] On the other hand, in the upper facing 20, between the ends 24 of a plurality of upper facing materials 20A that are adjacent to each other vertically and horizontally, there are provided a first vertical joint 25 (an example of a first joint), which is a see-through joint, and a first horizontal joint 26 (another example of a first joint), which is also a see-through joint. Here, the ends 24 include the edge portions of the upper facing materials 20A.

[0047] The widths of the see-through joints 25 and 26 are set to be about 1 mm to 15 mm, and the depth is defined by the thickness of the upper facing 20.

[0048] As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a hat-shaped joiner 60 (an example of a connecting member) is attached to both the first vertical joint 25 and the first horizontal joint 26. Here, the "hat-shaped joiner" can also be referred to as a "hat-shaped connecting member", and the "hat-shaped joiner" includes not only a joiner in the literal hat shape but also a T-shaped joiner. Further, in addition to the hat-shaped joiner, a flat joiner or an H-shaped joiner can also be applied as the joiner. The joiner including the hat-shaped joiner 60 includes a resin joiner and a metal joiner.

[0049] The hat-shaped joiner 60 comprises two hat-shaped sections 61 and a protruding section 62 that connects them.

[0050] The two hat sections 61 extend over the interior side surfaces 21 of the overlaying panels 20A on both sides, spanning the gap joint 25, and are connected to the interior side surfaces 21 via adhesive 55.

[0051] On the other hand, the protrusion 62 that fits into the open joint 25 is fitted inside the open joint 25.

[0052] Here, the adhesive 55 can be one or more of the following: vinyl acetate resin adhesive, acrylic resin adhesive, urethane resin adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, polyamide adhesive, polysulfide adhesive, silicone adhesive, synthetic rubber adhesive, vinyl chloride resin adhesive, sodium silicate adhesive, gypsum adhesive, or calcium carbonate adhesive. Alternatively, adhesive tape, screws, nails, bolts, staples, etc., may be used instead of the adhesive 55, or, for example, adhesive and staples may be used in combination.

[0053] A rod-shaped felt 70 made of non-combustible fiber material is inserted into the joint bottom 25a of the open joint 25, and the protrusion 62 of the hat-shaped joiner 60 fitted into the open joint 25 seals the felt 70 laid on the joint bottom 25a.

[0054] Here, the felt 70 can be rock wool (rock wool felt), glass wool (glass wool felt), ceramic wool (ceramic wool felt), carbon felt, or graphite felt, all of which are felt made from non-combustible fiber materials.

[0055] As shown in Figure 3, a portion of the butt joint 36 formed by the adjacent underlayment 30A is exposed at the bottom of the joint 25a. Before inserting the felt 70 into the bottom of the joint 25a, sealant 75 is filled into the butt joint 36 exposed at the bottom of the joint 25a, and then the felt 70 is inserted on top of it. Here, filling with sealant 75 is not mandatory, and sealant 75 is filled as needed, and therefore, there are cases where filling with sealant 75 is not necessary.

[0056] When filling with sealant 75, one or more types of polyurethane sealant, acrylic sealant, acrylic urethane sealant, polysulfide sealant, polyisobutylene sealant, silylated acrylate sealant, silicone sealant, or modified silicone sealant may be used in combination. Furthermore, when applying putty when filling with sealant 75, one or more types of gypsum-based putty, calcium carbonate-based putty, or epoxy resin-based putty may be used in combination. Additionally, when applying adhesive when filling with sealant 75, one or more types of vinyl acetate resin-based adhesive, acrylic resin-based adhesive, urethane resin-based adhesive, epoxy resin-based adhesive, polyamide-based adhesive, polysulfide-based adhesive, silicone-based adhesive, synthetic rubber-based adhesive, vinyl chloride resin-based adhesive, sodium silicate-based adhesive, gypsum-based adhesive, or calcium carbonate-based adhesive may be used in combination.

[0057] In this manner, open joints 25 (26) are applied to the overlay 20 of the partition wall 100. A non-combustible fiber felt 70 is laid in the open joint 25 of the overlay 20, and a hat-shaped joiner 60 is installed to cover the felt 70. Since the hat-shaped joiner 60 straddles the open joint 25 (26) and connects the pair of overlay panels 20A that sandwich the open joint 25 (26), the open joint 25 (26) is closed by a double layer of fire-resistant material. In addition to being a fire-resistant material, the hat-shaped joiner 60 suppresses the individual deformation of the pair of overlay panels 20A that sandwich the open joint 25 (26) in the event of a fire, and guarantees the integrity of the overlay 20 in the event of a fire.

[0058] In the partition wall 100, the application of open joints 25 (26) to the overlay 20 enhances the aesthetic appearance of the partition wall 100. Furthermore, for example, when the building wall 100 deforms due to vibrations during an earthquake, and the adjacent overlay panels 20A separated by the open joints 25 (26) deform individually, these individual deformations can be addressed (absorbed) by the open joints 25 (26). This suppresses twisting and tearing of finishing materials such as unillustrated wallpaper that are adhered to the surface of the overlay 20.

[0059] Furthermore, since the felt 70 inserted into the open joint 25 (26) has deformation properties, the felt 70 does not hinder the deformation absorption ability of the open joint 25 (26) in response to the individual deformation of the adjacent overlay surface material 20A.

[0060] Furthermore, by providing a double fire-resistant member consisting of a non-combustible fiber felt 70 and a hat-shaped joiner 60 for the open joint 25 (26), it is possible to form a partition wall 100 with excellent fire resistance performance even while applying open joints 25 (26) to the overlay 20.

[0061] In the example shown, the open joint 25 is further filled with sealant 75 in the butt joint 36 of the underlayment 30 that is exposed at the bottom 25a of the joint. This prevents flames from leaking out of the butt joint 36 exposed at the bottom 25a of the joint, further enhancing the fire resistance of the partition wall 100.

[0062] Furthermore, even if the butt joint 36 exposed at the bottom of the joint 25a is not filled with sealant 75, the partition wall 100 has high fire resistance, so as described above, from the viewpoint of workability, filling with sealant 75 may be made unnecessary.

[0063] Although not shown in the illustration, in the building wall 100, multiple piece-shaped steel plates or strip-shaped steel plates may be arranged between the mounting surface 41 of the studs 40 and the underlayment 30, or between the overlayment 20 and the underlayment 30. The steel plates are installed horizontally (for example, horizontally) at a predetermined height level from the floor surface and attached to the studs 40 or underlayment 30 with screws or adhesive. These steel plates function as support bases that cantilever support add-on members (not shown) that are added later to the interior side of the overlayment 20. For example, one end of a rod-shaped support member (not shown) is fixed to the steel plate (not shown), the other end of the support member protrudes into the interior, and add-on members such as handrails or wall hangings are fixed to the other ends of the multiple support members.

[0064] Furthermore, the ability to attach the steel plates described above is also true for partition walls according to other embodiments described below.

[0065] Next, the construction method for the partition wall 100 (an example of a building wall construction method) is outlined below.

[0066] First, the main framework, including the studs 40, is constructed. Next, multiple underlayment panels 30A are laid horizontally on one mounting surface 41 of the studs 40, and each underlayment panel 30A is attached to the mounting surface 41 of the studs 40 with screws 51, forming horizontal butt joints 36 and vertical butt joints (not shown), thereby constructing the underlayment 30 (underlayment construction process).

[0067] Next, multiple overlay panels 20A are arranged vertically, forming horizontal joints (gap joints 26) and vertical joints (gap joints 25). The back surface 22 of the overlay panels 20A is then bonded to the underlay 30 with adhesive 53, and staples 52 are driven in from the front interior side surface 21 of the overlay panels 20A, thereby installing the overlay 20 that connects to the underlay 30 (overlay installation process).

[0068] In this overlay construction process, sealant 75 is filled into the butt joints 36 of the underlayment 30 that are exposed at the bottom 25a of the open joint 25. Here, filling with sealant 75 is not mandatory, and sealant 75 is filled as needed, so if sealant 75 is not needed, the filling work is not required. Next, rod-shaped felt 70 made of non-combustible fiber material is inserted and laid into the open joint 25. Next, a hat-shaped joiner 60 is placed so as to cover the felt 70, and the two hat parts 61 of the hat-shaped joiner 60 are connected to the interior sides 21 of the left and right and upper and lower overlay panels 20A that straddle the open joint 25 (26) via adhesive 55, thereby performing joint treatment and constructing the partition wall 100.

[0069] According to this construction method, the overlay 20 is equipped with gap joints 25 and 26, making it possible to construct a partition wall 100 that has excellent appearance and fire resistance.

[0070] [Building Wall and Construction Method According to the Second Embodiment] Next, an example of a building wall and construction method according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 4. Here, Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a building wall according to the second embodiment.

[0071] Partition wall 100A differs from partition wall 100 in that a hat-shaped joiner 60 is installed at the bottom 25a of the open joint 25, and felt 70 is laid to cover the hat-shaped joiner 60. In other words, partition wall 100A differs from partition wall 100 in the placement of the hat-shaped joiner 60 and felt 70 in the open joint 25 (26). Note that the studs 40 are not shown in Figure 4.

[0072] The two hat portions 61 of the hat-shaped joiner 60 are sandwiched between the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20, and the two hat portions 61 are bonded to the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 via adhesives 56 and 55, and the joiner is installed in such a manner that the convex portion 62 protrudes towards the interior side.

[0073] The front surface 31 of the underlayment 30 and the back surface 22 of the overlayment 20 are connected via adhesive 53. In Figure 4, the front surface 31 and the back surface 22 are shown separated from each other for illustrative purposes, but in reality, the front surface 31 and the back surface 22 are in close contact with each other.

[0074] Adhesive 57 is applied to the surface of the protrusion 62 of the hat-shaped joiner 60, and the felt 70 is connected to the protrusion 62 via the adhesive 57.

[0075] Here, the surface of the felt 70 installed on the interior side is installed so that it is flush with the interior side 21 of the overlaying material 20A, or slightly lower than the interior side 21 (on the side of the joint bottom 25a).

[0076] Although not shown in the diagram, in the partition wall 100A as well, the sealing material 75 may be filled into the butt joint of the underlayment 30 that is exposed at the bottom 25a of the joint.

[0077] In the partition wall 100A, open joints 25 (26) are also applied to the overlay 20. A hat-shaped joiner 60 is placed at the bottom 25a of the open joint 25 of the overlay 20, and the hat-shaped joiner 60 straddles the open joint 25 (26) and connects a pair of overlay panels 20A that sandwich the open joint 25 (26). Furthermore, since a non-combustible fibrous felt 70 is laid so as to cover the hat-shaped joiner 60, the open joint 25 (26) is closed by a double layer of fire-resistant material.

[0078] Next, the construction method for the partition wall 100A will be outlined as follows. Here, the underlayment construction process and the overlay construction process are the same as the construction method for the building wall 100, except for the joint treatment in the overlay construction process, so the explanation of the common construction methods will be omitted.

[0079] In the overlay construction process for installing the partition wall 100A, before attaching the overlay 20 to the underlay 30, the two hat-shaped joiners 60 are connected to predetermined positions on the front surface 31 of the underlay 30 via adhesive 56.

[0080] Next, adhesive 55 is applied to the two hat portions 61, and the back surfaces 22 of the adjacent overlay panels 20A, with the protrusions 62 in between, are connected to the two hat portions 61 via the adhesive 55.

[0081] Next, adhesive 57 is applied to the surface of the protrusion 62, and the felt 70 is connected to the protrusion 62 via the adhesive 57, thereby performing joint treatment and constructing the partition wall 100A.

[0082] This construction method also allows for the construction of a partition wall 100A with excellent appearance and fire resistance, featuring open joints 25 and 26 in the overlay 20.

[0083] [Building Wall and Construction Method According to the Third Embodiment] Next, an example of a building wall and construction method according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 5. Here, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a building wall according to the third embodiment.

[0084] Partition wall 100B differs from partition wall 100 in that sealant 80 is filled into the joint bottom 25a of the open joint 25, and a hat-shaped joiner 60 that covers the sealant 80 connects the adjacent overlay panel 20A. In other words, partition wall 100B fills the joint bottom 25a with sealant 80 instead of felt 70.

[0085] Here, the depth of the sealant 80 is not particularly limited, but it is preferably filled to a depth of 10% to less than 50% of the depth of the open joint 25 (26), and more preferably to a depth of 40% to less than 50%.

[0086] As described above, the sealant 80 can be one or more of the following: polyurethane sealant, acrylic sealant, acrylic urethane sealant, polysulfide sealant, polyisobutylene sealant, silylated acrylate sealant, silicone sealant, or modified silicone sealant. Furthermore, when applying putty during the filling of the sealant 80, one or more of the following can be applied: gypsum putty, calcium carbonate putty, or resin-based putty such as epoxy resin. Additionally, when applying adhesive during the filling of the sealant 80, one or more of the following can be applied: vinyl acetate resin adhesive, acrylic resin adhesive, urethane resin adhesive, epoxy resin adhesive, polyamide adhesive, polysulfide adhesive, silicone adhesive, synthetic rubber adhesive, vinyl chloride resin adhesive, sodium silicate adhesive, gypsum adhesive, or calcium carbonate adhesive.

[0087] Since the sealant 80 is filled into the joint bottom 25a, this sealant 80 is also filled into the butt joint 36 of the underlayment 30 that is exposed at the joint bottom 25a.

[0088] In the partition wall 100B, open joints 25 (26) are also applied to the overlay 20. Then, sealant 80 is filled into the bottom 25a of the open joint 25 of the overlay 20, and a hat-shaped joiner 60 is installed so as to block the sealant 80. The hat-shaped joiner 60 straddles the open joint 25 (26) and connects a pair of overlay panels 20A that sandwich the open joint 25 (26), so that the open joint 25 (26) is closed by a double layer of fire-resistant material.

[0089] Next, the construction method for partition wall 100B is outlined below. Here, the underlayment construction process and the overlay construction process are the same as the construction method for building wall 100, except for the joint treatment in the overlay construction process, so the explanation of the common construction methods will be omitted.

[0090] In the overlay construction process for installing the partition wall 100B, sealant 80 is filled into the joint bottom 25a of the open joint 25. Next, a hat-shaped joiner 60 is placed so as to cover the sealant 80, and the two hat sections 61 of the hat-shaped joiner 60 are connected to the interior side surfaces 21 of the left and right and upper and lower overlay panels 20A that straddle the open joint 25 (26) via adhesive 55, thereby completing the joint treatment and installing the partition wall 100B.

[0091] According to this construction method, a partition wall 100B can be constructed that has excellent appearance and fire resistance, with open joints 25 and 26 in the overlay 20.

[0092] [Building Wall and Construction Method According to the Fourth Embodiment] Next, an example of a building wall and construction method according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 6. Here, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of an example of a building wall according to the fourth embodiment.

[0093] Partition wall 100C differs from partition wall 100A shown in Figure 4 in that a hat-shaped joiner 60 is installed at the bottom 25a of the open joint 25, and sealing material 80 is filled to close the hat-shaped joiner 60. In other words, partition wall 100C differs from partition wall 100A in that sealing material 80 is filled instead of felt 70 as a member to close the hat-shaped joiner 60 in the open joint 25 (26). Note that the stud 40 is not shown in Figure 6.

[0094] The two hat portions 61 of the hat-shaped joiner 60 are sandwiched between the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20, and the two hat portions 61 are bonded to the underlayment 30 and the overlayment 20 via adhesives 56 and 55, and the convex portion 62 is installed so as to protrude towards the interior. The front surface 31 of the underlayment 30 and the back surface 22 of the overlayment 20 are connected via adhesive 53.

[0095] The sealant 80 is connected to the protrusion 62 of the hat-shaped joiner 60 by filling the surface of the protrusion 62 with sealant 80.

[0096] Here, the surface of the sealing material 80 installed on the interior side is installed so that it is flush with the interior side 21 of the overlaying material 20A, or slightly lower than the interior side 21 (on the side of the joint bottom 25a).

[0097] Although not shown in the diagram, in the partition wall 100C as well, the sealing material 75 may be filled into the butt joint of the underlayment 30 that is exposed at the bottom 25a of the joint.

[0098] In the partition wall 100C, open joints 25 (26) are also applied to the overlay 20. A hat-shaped joiner 60 is placed at the bottom 25a of the open joint 25 of the overlay 20, and the hat-shaped joiner 60 straddles the open joint 25 (26) and connects a pair of overlay panels 20A that sandwich the open joint 25 (26). Furthermore, since a sealant 80 is filled in such a way as to close the hat-shaped joiner 60, the open joint 25 (26) is closed by a double layer of fire-resistant material.

[0099] Next, the construction method for partition wall 100C is outlined below. Here, the underlayment construction process and the overlay construction process are the same as the construction method for building wall 100A, except for the joint treatment in the overlay construction process, so the explanation of the common construction methods will be omitted.

[0100] In the overlay construction process for installing the partition wall 100C, the joint is treated by filling the surface of the protrusion 62 of the hat-shaped joiner 60, which is installed in the gap joint 25 (26), with sealant 80, and connecting the sealant 80 to the protrusion 62, thereby installing the partition wall 100C.

[0101] This construction method also allows for the construction of a partition wall 100C with excellent appearance and fire resistance, featuring open joints 25 and 26 in the overlay 20.

[0102] [Fire Resistance Performance Test and Results] Next, we will explain the fire resistance performance test conducted by the inventors and others, and the results thereof. This fire resistance performance test was conducted based on the Fire Protection and Evaluation Testing and Evaluation Procedure Manual (established June 1, 2000, revised March 23, 2023) established by the Better Living Foundation, and multiple types of test specimens (two-layered walls on one side) were prepared. In addition, the test equipment and test conditions were set based on the Fire Protection and Evaluation Testing and Evaluation Procedure Manual, measurements were taken, and the test results were determined.

[0103] As a criterion for determining whether a test passes or fails, for example, in the case of walls (excluding cases where the exterior wall is heated from the interior side) and floors whose main structural components are semi-noncombustible materials, heating is performed for 72 minutes (36 minutes for parts of the exterior wall that are not load-bearing walls and are not at risk of fire spreading), and during that time, the standard is that the temperature rise on the back surface of the test specimen is 140K or less on average and 180K or less at maximum.

[0104] Furthermore, for walls and floors whose main structural components are semi-noncombustible materials, heating shall be carried out for 72 minutes (36 minutes for parts of exterior walls that are not load-bearing walls and are not at risk of fire spreading), and during that time, the following standards shall be met: (1) there shall be no spewing of flames that continues for more than 10 seconds toward the non-heated side, (2) there shall be no ignition of flames that continues for more than 10 seconds on the non-heated surface, and (3) there shall be no damage such as cracks through which flames can pass.

[0105] The test results are shown in Figure 7. Six test specimens were prepared: a reference example with butt joints applied to the overlay, comparative example 1 without hat-shaped joiners in the open joints of the overlay, and examples 1 to 4 with hat-shaped joiners in the open joints of the overlay. Fire resistance tests were conducted on each specimen. In all specimens, 21 mm thick gypsum board with beveled edges was used for both the overlay and underlay panels.

[0106] As shown in Figure 7, the reference example where a butt joint with high fire resistance was applied to the overlay received a passing grade.

[0107] Furthermore, in Comparative Example 1, the rock wool felt filled (inserted) inside the gap joint is the fire-resistant material, and the judgment is that the primary fire-resistant material is only the filling of rock wool felt.

[0108] On the other hand, in Examples 1 and 2, which are equipped with at least a hat-shaped joiner and have rock wool felt filled (inserted) as other fire-resistant material, as well as in Example 3, which has U-tight (an example of a polyurethane-based sealant, a registered trademark of Yoshino Gypsum Co., Ltd.) filled, and in Example 4, which has modified silicone-based sealant filled, all of these examples passed the test.

[0109] Figure 7 demonstrates that by applying two types of fire-resistant materials—felt or sealant and a hat-shaped joiner (an example of a joiner)—to the open joints of the overlay, it is possible to create a building wall with excellent fire resistance even while open joints are applied to the overlay.

[0110] Furthermore, other embodiments may be possible in which other components are combined with the configurations listed in the above embodiments, and this disclosure is not in any way limited to the configurations shown herein. In this regard, modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of this disclosure, and can be appropriately determined according to the application.

[0111] This international application claims priority under Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-190300, filed on 30 October 2024, and the entire contents of said application are incorporated herein by reference.

[0112] 10: Overlay (2 layers) 20: Top layer 20A: Top layer facing material 21: Interior side 22: Back 24: Edge 25: First joint (first vertical joint, open joint) 25a: Joint bottom 26: First joint (first horizontal joint, open joint) 30: Underlay 30A: Underlay facing material 31: Front 32: Back 34: Edge 36: Second joint (second horizontal joint, butt joint) 40: Stud 45: Upper runner 46: Lower runner 47, 48: Floor structure 51: Screw 52: Staple 53, 55, 56, 57: Adhesive 60: Hat-shaped joiner (connecting member, joiner, hat-shaped connecting member, hat joiner) 61: Hat part 62: Protrusion 70: Felt 75: Sealing material 80: Sealing material; 100, 100A, 100B, 100C: Partition wall (building wall, single-sided wall)

Claims

1. A building wall having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a felt made of a non-combustible fiber material is laid at the bottom of the gap joint, and a connecting member that seals the felt connects the adjacent overlay panels.

2. A building wall having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a connecting member is provided at the bottom of the gap joint, and the connecting member is sealed by felt made of a non-combustible fiber material.

3. The building wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the connecting member is a hat-shaped connecting member comprising two hat portions and a protruding portion connecting them.

4. The building wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the edges and / or ends of adjacent underlayment panels are butted together to form a butt joint, and a sealant is filled into the butt joint at the bottom of the gap joint.

5. The building wall according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the felt consists of one of the following: rock wool, glass wool, ceramic wool, carbon felt, or graphite felt.

6. The building wall according to claim 1 or 2, which is a single-sided wall attached to one side of the stud.

7. A building wall that is a single-sided wall, having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a sealant is filled into the bottom of the gap joint, and a connecting member that seals the sealant connects the adjacent overlay panels.

8. A building wall that is a single-sided wall, having an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, wherein the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels are spaced apart from each other to form a gap joint, a connecting member is provided at the bottom of the gap joint, and the connecting member is sealed with a sealant.

9. The building wall according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the connecting member is a hat-shaped connecting member comprising two hat portions and a protruding portion connecting them.

10. The building wall according to claim 8, wherein the edges and / or ends of adjacent underlayment panels are butted together to form a butt joint, and a sealant is filled into the butt joint at the bottom of the gap joint.

11. A method for constructing a building wall, comprising: an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud; and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, the method comprising: an underlayment construction step of constructing the underlayment by attaching the plurality of underlayment panels to at least one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlayment while spacing the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels apart to form open joints, wherein in the overlay construction step, felt made of a non-combustible fiber material is laid at the bottom of the open joints, and connecting members are connected to adjacent overlay panels so as to cover the felt.

12. A method for constructing a building wall, comprising: an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to at least one side of a stud; and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, the method comprising: an underlayment construction step of constructing the underlayment by attaching the plurality of underlayment panels to at least one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlayment while spacing the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels apart to form open joints, wherein in the overlay construction step, a connecting member is placed at the bottom of the open joint, and felt made of non-combustible fiber material is laid to seal the connecting member.

13. A method for constructing a building wall that is a single-sided wall, comprising an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, the method comprising: an underlayment construction step of constructing the underlayment by attaching the plurality of underlayment panels to one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of constructing the overlay by attaching the overlay panels to the underlayment while separating the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels from each other to form open joints, wherein in the overlay construction step, a sealing material is filled into the bottom of the open joints and a connecting member is connected to the adjacent overlay panels so as to seal the sealing material.

14. A method for constructing a building wall that is a single-sided wall, comprising an underlayment consisting of a plurality of underlayment panels attached to one side of a stud, and an overlay consisting of a plurality of overlay panels connected to the underlayment panels and facing the interior, the method comprising: an underlayment construction step of installing the underlayment by attaching the plurality of underlayment panels to one side of the stud; and an overlay construction step of installing the overlay panels to the underlayment by attaching the overlay panels to the underlayment while separating the ends and / or edges of adjacent overlay panels to form open joints, wherein in the overlay construction step, a connecting member is placed at the bottom of the open joint, and a sealing material is filled in such a way as to close the connecting member.

Images