Method and related apparatuses for managing network connections
The method and apparatus for managing network connections through data serving gateways enhance the efficiency and automation of establishing and removing forwarding rules, addressing the challenge of managing interactions in communication systems, particularly for AI services and data collection, by utilizing autonomous programming services.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication systems lack efficient methods for managing network connections, particularly in supporting interactions among and between various services and system customers, including AI services and data collection, which are not adequately addressed by current 5G and future 6G systems.
A method and apparatus for managing network connections by configuring data serving gateways to establish and remove forwarding rules based on specific identification information, ensuring efficient and automated establishment and deactivation of connections, utilizing autonomous programming services or connectivity management services to facilitate communication between devices and nodes.
Enhances the efficiency and automation of network connection management, reducing network overhead and improving reliability in establishing and removing forwarding rules, thereby supporting seamless communication across different services and system customers.
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Figure CN2025092668_21052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND RELATED APPARATUSES FOR MANAGING NETWORK CONNECTIONSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to US provisional patent application No. 63 / 719, 934, filed on November 13, 2024, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technologies, and in particular, to a method and related apparatuses for managing network connections.BACKGROUND
[0003] In fifth generation (5G) communication systems, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) were defined to support various network operation procedures. Future generation communication systems (e.g., 6G systems) may support new services, such as, for example, Artificial Intelligence (AI) services, data collection, sanitization, analysis delivery services, etc. All of these services are not only accessed by businesses and enterprise customers, but may also be accessed by wireless devices. It is necessary to enable interface alignment to support interactions among these services, within the services and / or between the services and all types of system customers.
[0004] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present disclosure. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any one of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a first establishment request from a second node. The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the first establishment request, configuring a first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. The first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.
[0006] Upon receiving the first establishment request, the first node can effectively configure / enable the first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0007] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0008] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway.
[0009] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.
[0010] The determination of the first data serving gateway enables the first node to identify which data serving gateway can be configured with the first forwarding rule.
[0011] In an implementation of the first aspect, configuring the first data serving gateway includes: transmitting a message to the first data serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first data serving gateway.
[0012] By transmitting the message to the first data serving gateway, the first data serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection.
[0013] In an implementation of the first aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0014] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0015] In an implementation of the first aspect, the message further includes / indicates information about a type of the third node.
[0016] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0017] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0018] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0019] In an implementation of the first aspect, for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are already known.
[0020] In this way, the mapping among the first connection, the third node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be determined, which can facilitate the communication between the device and the third node through the first connection.
[0021] In an implementation of the first aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0022] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0023] In an implementation of the first aspect, the first establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0024] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0025] In an implementation of the first aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0026] In an implementation of the first aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established by the first data serving gateway.
[0027] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the first data serving gateway. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, establishing the first forwarding rule.
[0028] Upon receiving the message from the first node, the first data serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection.
[0029] In an implementation of the second aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0030] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0031] In an implementation of the second aspect, the message further includes / indicates information about a type of the third node.
[0032] In an implementation of the second aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established by the first data serving gateway.
[0033] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a second establishment request from a second node. The second establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the second establishment request, establishing the first forwarding rule.
[0034] Upon receiving the second establishment request, the first data serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0035] In an implementation of the third aspect, the second establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0036] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0037] In an implementation of the third aspect, the second establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.
[0038] By including / indicating the information for identifying the first data serving gateway in the message, the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway can be ensured.
[0039] In an implementation of the third aspect, for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are already known.
[0040] In an implementation of the third aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0041] The first data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment steps, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0042] In an implementation of the third aspect, the second establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0043] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0044] In an implementation of the third aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0045] In an implementation of the third aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established by the first data serving gateway.
[0046] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a first removal request from a second node. The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the first removal request, configuring a first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. The first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.
[0047] Upon receiving the first removal request, the first node can effectively configure the first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0048] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the first removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0049] Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the first removal request, the first node can determine the first data serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify for which data serving gateway the first forwarding rule should be removed.
[0050] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the first removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0051] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify one or more of the third node, the second data serving gateway and the first data serving gateway more efficiently.
[0052] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, configuring the first data serving gateway includes: transmitting a message to the first data serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection from the first data serving gateway.
[0053] By transmitting the message to the first data serving gateway, the first data serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0054] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0055] By including / indicating the information for identifying the first connection, the first data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0056] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0057] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway enables the first data serving gateway to identify the third node and the second data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the first data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway.
[0058] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0059] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0060] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0061] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0062] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0063] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0064] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the first removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0065] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0066] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0067] In an implementation of the fourth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0068] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the first data serving gateway. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, removing the first forwarding rule.
[0069] Upon receiving the message from the first node, the first data serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0070] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0071] By including / indicating the information for identifying the first connection, the first data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0072] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0073] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway enables the first data serving gateway to identify the third node and the second data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the first data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway.
[0074] In an implementation of the fifth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0075] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a second removal request from a second node. The second removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the second removal request, removing the first forwarding rule.
[0076] Upon receiving the second removal request, the first node can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0077] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the second removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0078] By including / indicating the information for identifying the first connection, the first data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0079] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the second removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0080] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway enables the first data serving gateway to identify the third node and the second data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the first data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway.
[0081] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0082] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0083] The first data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0084] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the second removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0085] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the first data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0086] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0087] In an implementation of the sixth aspect, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0088] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a third establishment request from a second node. The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the third establishment request, configuring a second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. The second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.
[0089] Upon receiving the third establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0090] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the third establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0091] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway.
[0092] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the third establishment request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0093] By including / indicating the information for identifying the second data serving gateway in the request, the reliability of request transmission to the second data serving gateway can be ensured. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the message enables the second data serving gateway to determine the data session efficiently.
[0094] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, configuring the second data serving gateway includes: transmitting a message to the second data serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second data serving gateway.
[0095] By transmitting the message to the second data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection.
[0096] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0097] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0098] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0099] By including / indicating the information for identifying the second data serving gateway in the message, the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway can be ensured. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the message enables the second data serving gateway to determine the data session efficiently.
[0100] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0101] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0102] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0103] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0104] In this way, the mapping among the first connection, the data session, the third node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be determined, which can facilitate the communication between the device and the third node through the first connection.
[0105] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0106] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0107] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the third establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0108] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0109] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0110] In an implementation of the seventh aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established by the second data serving gateway.
[0111] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a second data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the second data serving gateway. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, establishing the second forwarding rule.
[0112] Upon receiving the message from the first node, the second data serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection.
[0113] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0114] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0115] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0116] By including / indicating the information for identifying the second data serving gateway in the message, the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway can be ensured. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the message enables the second data serving gateway to determine the data session efficiently.
[0117] In an implementation of the eighth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established by the second data serving gateway.
[0118] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a second data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a fourth establishment request from a second node. The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the fourth establishment request, establishing the second forwarding rule.
[0119] Upon receiving the fourth establishment request, the second data serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0120] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the fourth establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0121] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0122] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the fourth establishment request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and, information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0123] By including / indicating the information for identifying the second data serving gateway in the fourth establishment request, the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway can be ensured. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the fourth establishment request enables the second data serving gateway to determine the data session efficiently.
[0124] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0125] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0126] The second data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of second forwarding rule.
[0127] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the fourth establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0128] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0129] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0130] In an implementation of the ninth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established by the second data serving gateway.
[0131] According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a first node. The method includes receiving a third removal request from a second node. The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the third removal request, configuring a second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. The second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.
[0132] Upon receiving the third removal request, the first node can effectively configure the second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0133] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the third removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0134] Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the third removal request, the first node can determine the second data serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify for which data serving gateway the second forwarding rule should be removed.
[0135] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the third removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0136] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify one or more of the device, the second data serving gateway, the first data serving gateway and the data session more efficiently.
[0137] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, configuring the second data serving gateway includes: transmitting a message to the second data serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection from the second data serving gateway.
[0138] By transmitting the message to the second data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0139] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0140] By including / indicating the information for identifying the first connection, the second data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0141] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0142] Inclusion of the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway enables the second data serving gateway to identify the device and the first data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the second data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the first removal request enables the first node to determine the data session efficiently.
[0143] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0144] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0145] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0146] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0147] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0148] The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0149] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the third removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0150] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0151] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0152] In an implementation of the tenth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0153] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a second data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the second data serving gateway. The method further includes: in response to receiving the message, removing the second forwarding rule.
[0154] Upon receiving the message from the first node, the second data serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0155] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0156] By including / indicating the information for identifying the first connection, the second data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0157] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0158] Inclusion of the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway enables the second data serving gateway to identify the device and the first data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the second data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the first removal request enables the first node to determine the data session efficiently.
[0159] In an implementation of the eleventh aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0160] According to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a method is disclosed that is applied to a second data serving gateway. The method includes receiving a fourth removal request from a second node. The fourth removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The method further includes: in response to receiving the fourth removal request, removing the second forwarding rule.
[0161] Upon receiving the fourth removal request, the first node can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0162] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the fourth removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0163] Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the fourth removal request, the first node can determine the second data serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify for which data serving gateway the second forwarding rule should be removed.
[0164] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the fourth removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0165] Inclusion of the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway enables the second data serving gateway to identify the device and the first data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the second data serving gateway ensures the reliability of removal request transmission to the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the first removal request enables the first node to determine the data session efficiently.
[0166] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.
[0167] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0168] The second data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0169] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the fourth removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0170] By including / indicating the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0171] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0172] In an implementation of the twelfth aspect, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0173] According to a thirteen aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a receiving module configured to receive a first establishment request from a second node. The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module adapted to configure, in response to receiving the first establishment request, a first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. The first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.
[0174] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the first establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0175] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the first establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.
[0176] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the apparatus includes a transmitting module configured to transmit a message to the first data serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first data serving gateway.
[0177] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0178] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the message further includes / indicates information about a type of the third node.
[0179] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0180] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0181] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0182] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are known.
[0183] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0184] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the first establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0185] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0186] In an implementation of the thirteen aspect, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0187] According to a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes: a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the first data serving gateway. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to establish, in response to receiving the message, the first forwarding rule.
[0188] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0189] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates information about a type of the third node.
[0190] In an implementation of the fourteenth aspect, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0191] According to a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a second establishment request from a second node. The second establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to establish, in response to receiving the second establishment request, the first forwarding rule.
[0192] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the second establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0193] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the second establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.
[0194] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, for execution of the reception and the establishment steps to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are known.
[0195] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the reception and the establishment constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0196] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the second establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0197] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0198] In an implementation of the fifteenth aspect, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0199] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a first removal request from a second node. The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to configure, in response to receiving the first removal request, a first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. The first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.
[0200] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the first removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0201] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the first removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0202] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the apparatus includes a transmitting module configured to transmit a message to the first data serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection from the first data serving gateway.
[0203] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0204] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0205] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0206] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0207] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0208] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0209] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0210] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the first removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0211] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0212] In an implementation of the sixteenth aspect, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0213] According to a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the first data serving gateway. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to remove, in response to receiving the message, the first forwarding rule.
[0214] In an implementation of the seventeenth aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0215] In an implementation of the seventeenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0216] In an implementation of the seventeenth aspect, after execution of the reception and the removal, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0217] According to an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a second removal request from a second node. The second removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to remove, in response to receiving the second removal request, the first forwarding rule.
[0218] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the second removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0219] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the second removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0220] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, for execution of the reception and the removal steps to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0221] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the reception and the removal constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0222] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the second removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0223] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0224] In an implementation of the eighteenth aspect, after execution of the reception and the removal, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0225] According to a nineteenth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a third establishment request from a second node. The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module adapted to configure, in response to receiving the third establishment request, a second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. The second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.
[0226] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the third establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0227] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the third establishment request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and, information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0228] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the apparatus includes: a transmitting module configured to transmit a message to the second data serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second data serving gateway.
[0229] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0230] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0231] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0232] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0233] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0234] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are known.
[0235] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0236] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the third establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0237] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0238] In an implementation of the nineteenth aspect, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0239] According to a twentieth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the second data serving gateway. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to establish, in response to receiving the message, the second forwarding rule.
[0240] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, the message includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0241] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0242] In an implementation of the twentieth aspect, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0243] According to a twenty-first aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a fourth establishment request from a second node. The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to establish, in response to receiving the fourth establishment request, the second forwarding rule.
[0244] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the fourth establishment request includes / indicates: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0245] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the fourth establishment request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0246] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, for execution of the reception and the establishment steps to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are known.
[0247] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the reception and the establishment constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0248] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the fourth establishment request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0249] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0250] In an implementation of the twenty-first aspect, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0251] According to a twenty-second aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a third removal request from a second node. The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module adapted to configure, in response to receiving the third removal request, a second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. The second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.
[0252] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the third removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0253] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the third removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0254] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the apparatus includes a transmitting module configured to transmit a message to the second data serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection from the second data serving gateway.
[0255] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0256] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0257] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0258] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0259] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0260] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0261] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0262] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the third removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0263] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0264] In an implementation of the twenty-second aspect, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0265] According to a twenty-third aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the second data serving gateway. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to remove, in response to receiving the message, the second forwarding rule.
[0266] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the message includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0267] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, the message further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0268] In an implementation of the twenty-third aspect, after execution of the reception and the removal, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0269] According to a twenty-fourth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes a receiving module configured to receive a fourth removal request from a second node. The fourth removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The apparatus further includes a processing module configured to remove, in response to receiving the fourth removal request, the second forwarding rule.
[0270] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, the fourth removal request includes / indicates information for identifying the first connection.
[0271] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, the fourth removal request further includes / indicates one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0272] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, for execution of the reception and the removal steps to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0273] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, the reception and the removal constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0274] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, the fourth removal request further includes / indicates information for identifying the action.
[0275] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0276] In an implementation of the twenty-fourth aspect, after execution of the reception and the removal, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0277] According to a twenty-fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a system is disclosed. The system includes apparatuses configured to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.
[0278] According to a twenty-sixth aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus includes one or more processors; and one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.
[0279] According to a twenty-seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a computing device cluster is disclosed. The computing device cluster includes a processing circuitry for performing the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.
[0280] According to a twenty-eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product is disclosed. The computer program product includes computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.
[0281] According to a twenty-ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program is disclosed. The computer program includes computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.
[0282] According to a thirtieth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer-readable medium is disclosed. The computer-readable medium includes computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.
[0283] According to a thirty-first aspect of the present disclosure, a chip is disclosed. The chip includes an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor. The processor is configured to call and run computer execution instructions stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute the method according to the first aspect or any possible implementation of the first aspect, according to the second aspect or any possible implementation of the second aspect, according to the third aspect or any possible implementation of the third aspect, according to the fourth aspect or any possible implementation of the fourth aspect, according to the fifth aspect or any possible implementation of the fifth aspect, according to the sixth aspect or any possible implementation of the sixth aspect, according to the seventh aspect or any possible implementation of the seventh aspect, according to the eighth aspect or any possible implementation of the eighth aspect, according to the ninth aspect or any possible implementation of the ninth aspect, according to the tenth aspect or any possible implementation of the tenth aspect, according to the eleventh aspect or any possible implementation of the eleventh aspect, or according to the twelfth aspect or any possible implementation of the twelfth aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0284] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present disclosure together with the following specific embodiments, but should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure.
[0285] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0286] FIG. 2 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a deployment of a 6G system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0287] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0288] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic illustration of a network capability (NC) or a service, Network for Connection (NET4CON) , according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0289] FIG. 5A shows example radio bearers (RBs) , sessions and connections related to a wireless device in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0290] FIG. 5B shows example RBs, sessions and connections related to a wireless device in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0291] FIG. 6 shows an example data connection between a device and an NC according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure.
[0292] FIG. 7A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0293] FIG. 7B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to establish a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0294] FIG. 8A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0295] FIG. 8B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to remove a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0296] FIG. 9A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0297] FIG. 9B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to establish a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0298] FIG. 10A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0299] FIG. 10B shows a schematic flowchart of another method to remove a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0300] FIG. 11 shows a schematic flowchart of an example method including the method shown in FIG. 7A or FIG. 7B and the method shown in FIG. 9A or FIG. 9B.
[0301] FIG. 12 shows a schematic flowchart of an example method including the method shown in FIG. 8A or FIG. 8B and the method shown in FIG. 10A or FIG. 10B.
[0302] FIG. 13 shows a schematic flowchart of an example method including related actions of NET4CON service.
[0303] FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of an apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0304] FIG. 15 shows a block diagram of another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0305] FIG. 16 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0306] FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0307] FIG. 18 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0308] FIG. 19 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0309] FIG. 20 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0310] FIG. 21 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0311] FIG. 22 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0312] FIG. 23 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0313] FIG. 24 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0314] FIG. 25 shows a block diagram of yet another apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0315] FIG. 26 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0316] FIG. 27 shows a schematic diagram of an architecture of a computing device cluster according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0317] FIG. 28 shows a schematic diagram of a connection between computing devices over a network according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0318] In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying figures, which form part of the present disclosure, and which show, by way of illustration, specific aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure or specific aspects in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be used. It is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be used in other aspects and include structural or logical changes not depicted in the figures. The following detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims.
[0319] An evolutionary solution of a sixth generation (6G) system architecture design and procedure design are described in the present application. The evolutionary solution is configured by enhancement of 5G system.
[0320] The proposed 6G network architecture has been configured with a few important principles and requirements: openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of 6G networks and future-proofing.
[0321] The proposed 6G network architecture design applies modularization strategy, utilizes service-based concepts such as anything-as-a-service (XaaS) or ‘X’ as-a-service (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0322] For all of the procedure designs, modularization of procedures is being tried. A procedure of the 6G System may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure is defined as a basic procedure.
[0323] A complex procedure can, thus, include a plurality of sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can simplify designs of procedures.
[0324] The 6G System leverages service-based architecture and XaaS concept. XaaS services in the 6G System are categorized into three layers. The 6G System conceptual structure is shown in FIG. 1.
[0325] Infrastructure layer includes infrastructures supporting 6G services. Among them are wireless networks (Radio Access Network (RAN) , Core Network (CN) ) infrastructures, cloud / data center infrastructures, satellite networks, storage / database infrastructures, and sensing networks, and etc. These infrastructures can be provided by a single provider or by a plurality of providers.
[0326] FIG. 1 shows a simplified schematic illustration of a 6G system conceptual structure according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, in FIG. 1, each XaaS service is provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, an XaaS service can be provided with 5G enhancement by more than one approaches. The figure above (FIG. 1) is only an example.
[0327] In the 6G System conceptual structure: -Network for artificial intelligence (AI) (NET4AI) is a new type of service in 6G CN / RAN which enables network with the capability to conduct / execute AI training / inferencing task (s) . i.e., AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. In this application, the evolutionary solution to support NET4AI service by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described. -A NET4Data service provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive and confidential. In the present application, the NET4Data service could be integrated into the 5GS, or could be enhanced by the 5GS. -Data analysis and management (DAM) focuses on different types of data: network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) data (3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from UE and RAN) , Non-3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from Radar, LiDAR, WiFi Sensing) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, NF, UE, etc. 5G system logical functions for example: an NWDAF, a data center cooling facility (DCCF) , and a messaging framework adaptor function (MFAF) of control plane can be enhanced to support the DAM service in an evolutionary solution. -Network for Digital World (NET4DW) as a service provides the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and digital world (DW) . Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary. -Network for connectivity (NET4CON) as a service provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON include to manage logical topology among XaaS services and between 6G XaaS services and all types of 6G system customers, to introduce intelligent GWs for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and to support anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON service is provided by enhancement of 5G system. -Mission Management (MM) as a service provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at service layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing PDU connectivity and may also provide data processing. The MM services include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service. -Resource Management (RM) as a service provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices. -Service Provisioning Management (SPM) as a service provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by ID management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management. -Connectivity Management (CM) as a service provides a capability of reachability management of 6G wireless devices and D-users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of 6G System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across a plurality of basic architecture structure (BAS) domains. -Protocol as a service provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces.
[0328] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of deployment of the 6G system in an evolutionary solution.
[0329] The symbol “+” represents “enhanced” , for example, the 5G AMF-mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+, the 5G RRC function is enhanced, denoted as RRC+, the 5G network repository function (NRF) is enhanced, denoted as NRF+, the 5G session management function (SMF) is enhanced, denoted as SMF+, the 5G network exposure function (NEF) is enhanced, denoted as NEF+, the 5G authentication server function (AUSF) is enhanced, denoted as AUSF+, other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0330] C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A 6G device can have a plurality of C / M RBs.
[0331] Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a 6G device: over-the-air connection for carrying data plane traffic. A 6G device can have a plurality of Data RBs.
[0332] RB endpoint: endpoint of an RB at network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., PDCP) can be in, e.g., a RAN BAS domain, but not limited to. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0333] RB handler: over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler is defined as a logical function which perform RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from connectivity management (CM) service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from service provisioning management (SPM) service.
[0334] The NET4CON service which is a main service impacting on 6G system architecture is implemented by enhanced 5G service communication proxy (SCP+) as a C / M plane GW and enhanced 5G user plane function (UPF+) as a data plane GW.Proposed per device / D-User C / M session and data session are defined as logical connections between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+ (C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ (Data-TW-GW) . All XaaS services are deployed across a plurality of BAS / clouds.
[0335] The 6G customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., electronic device ED, terminal device) , apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment) , etc. For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer, etc. The 6G customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The 6G customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , machine-type-communication (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0336] Each 6G customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or including the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation 6G customer may be referred to using other terms. When a 6G customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0337] FIG. 3 shows a simplified schematic illustration of an example of an apparatus in a communication system according to one or more example implementations of the present disclosure. In details, FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus 320 in a communication system (e.g., a future generation network architecture illustrated in FIG. 2) . The apparatus 320 may be a UE, a network node such as the access network (AN) , any components in the AN, the CN or any network function of the CN (AMF+, SMF+ or any other network functions illustrated in FIG. 2) . As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus 320 may include at least one processor 260. Only one processor 260 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 260 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0338] When the apparatus is the AN, the component (s) of the AN or the apparatus is the UE, the apparatus 320 may further include a transmitter 252 and a receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0339] The apparatus 320 may include at least one memory 258. The memory 258 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by the one or more processors 260.
[0340] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0341] In a 6G system, both new 6G XaaS services (also referred to as data XaaS services) and network C / M XaaS services are categorized as basic XaaS services. An XaaS service (which is also referred to as service herein) is defined as an NC. The NCs at the C / M layer may be referred to as C / M NCs, and the NCs at the service layer may be referred to as data NCs. In an implementation, there is at least one basic architecture structure (BAS) domain (which is also referred to as a NET4CON domain below) in the 6G system, and each of the at least one BAS domain can be controlled and managed by at least one NET4CON service. FIG. 4 illustrates a structural schematic of the NET4CON service architecture which includes two BAS domains. For purposes of the present disclosure, only a case where a single BAS domain is controlled and managed by a single NET4CON service is considered, however, it should be noted that this case is only an example, and other examples or implementations within the scope of the present disclosure are possible.
[0342] For a NET4CON service in a BAS domain (NET4CON domain shown in FIG. 4) , there is a C / M function (NET4CON C / M function shown in FIG. 4) and a plurality of gateways (GWs) in the BAS domain. In each BAS domain, the C / M function is responsible for management of all of GWs. The GWs include one or more control / management plane trustworthy gateways (C / M-TW-GWs) and one or more data plane trustworthy gateways (Data-TW-GWs) . As shown in FIG. 4, the C / M function is communicatively connected to the GWs, and configured to control operations of the GWs. In an implementation, at least one of the one or more C / M-TW-GWs is communicatively connected to a C / M function entity of an XaaS service and configured to interact with the C / M function entity on a control and management (C / M) plane. In an implementation, at least one of the one or more Data-TW-GWs is communicatively connected to a data function entity of the XaaS service, and configured to interact with the data function entity on a data plane. Based on configuration from the C / M function, each of the one or more C / M-TW-GWs is responsible for C / M plane traffic forwarding / routing, and each of the one or more Data-TW-GWs is responsible for data plane traffic forwarding / routing.
[0343] For a NET4CON service in a BAS domain (NET4CON domain shown in FIG. 4) , there is a C / M function (NET4CON C / M function shown in FIG. 4) and a plurality of gateways (GWs) in the BAS domain. In each BAS domain, the C / M function is responsible for management of all of GWs. The GWs include one or more control / management plane trustworthy gateways (C / M-TW-GWs) and one or more data plane trustworthy gateways (Data-TW-GWs) . As shown in FIG. 4, the C / M function is communicatively connected to the GWs, and configured to control operations of the GWs. In an implementation, at least one of the one or more C / M-TW-GWs is communicatively connected to a C / M function entity of an XaaS service and configured to interact with the C / M function entity on a control and management plane. In an implementation, at least one of the one or more Data-TW-GWs is communicatively connected to a data function entity of the XaaS service and configured to interact with the data function entity on a data plane. Based on configuration from the C / M function, each of the one or more C / M-TW-GWs is responsible for C / M plane traffic forwarding / routing, and each of the one or more Data-TW-GWs is responsible for data plane traffic forwarding / routing.
[0344] For example, the C / M function in the BAS domain controls and manages topology of the BAS domain, e.g., logical connections between XaaS services (not shown in FIG. 4) and GWs (including C / M-TW-GWs and Data-TW-GWs) in such a domain. The XaaS services have their own C / M function entities (for realizing C / M functions of XaaS service modules) and data function entities (for realizing data processing functions of XaaS service modules) in the same BAS domain as the C / M function. The C / M-TW-GW, under control of the C / M function in the BAS domain, provides capabilities to connect the C / M function entities of XaaS services in the BAS domain, so as to enable anonymous and secured C / M plane interaction among XaaS services following authorization profiles of XaaS services. The Data-TW-GW under control of the C / M function in the BAS domain provides capabilities to connect the data function entities of XaaS services, so as to enable anonymous and secured data plane interaction among XaaS services to manage assured service performance.
[0345] In an implementation, in a case where there are multiple BAS domains in a 6G system, multiple NET4CON services are provided in the multiple BAS domains. As shown in FIG. 4, there are two BAS domains, and a NET4CON service is provided in each of the two BAS domains (two NET4CON services) . The connectivity between the two NET4CON services can be that, for example, a C / M-TW-GW of a first NET4CON service in the first BAS domain can be communicatively connected to a C / M-TW-GW of a second NET4CON service in the second BAS domain, and a Data-TW-GW of the first NET4CON service in the first BAS domain can be communicatively connected to a Data-TW-GW of the second NET4CON service in the second BAS domain, and a C / M function of the first NET4CON service in the first BAS domain can be communicatively connected to a C / M function of the second NET4CON service in the second BAS domain.
[0346] The aforementioned NET4CON service is used for management of connections of future generation communication system (e.g., 6G) network capabilities (NCs) and customers / devices. Regarding the connections of the device, for ease of understanding, different connections related to the device will be described. As shown in FIG. 5A, the device is connected to its serving gateways, including a C / M gateway shown as C / M-TW-GW-1 on the C / M plane and a data gateway shown as Data-TW-GW-1 on the data plane. It should be noted that although the C / M-TW-GW-1 and Data-TW-GW-1 are shown as being deployed on the infrastructure of the CN (e.g., CN infrastructure as shown in FIG. 1) , they could also be deployed on other infrastructures, such as the RAN infrastructure.
[0347] The connections related to the device may include, but are not limited to, the followings: 1) Device CN-C / M RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN (Cell, RB handler) that carries C / M session traffic; 2) Device CN-data RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN (Cell, RB handler) that carries data session traffic; 3) Device RAN-C / M RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN that carries RAN related C / M traffic; 4) Device RAN-data RB: an RB between a wireless device and its serving RAN that carries RAN related data traffic; 5) Device data session (can also be referred to as data session) : a logical connection between a device and its serving Data-TW-GW, e.g., Data-TW-GW-1; 6) Device C / M session (can also be referred to as C / M session) : a logical connection between a device and its serving C / M-TW-GW, e.g., C / M-TW-GW-1; 7) C / M NC connection (one kind of device-NC connection, the C / M NC connection can also be referred to as C / M plane NC connection or C / M connection) : a logical connection between a device and an NC (which may be at the C / M layer or the service layer) , the logical connection between the device and the NC is on the C / M plane; 8) Data NC connection (one kind of device-NC connection, the data NC connection can also be referred to as data plane NC connection or data connection) : a logical connection between a device and a data NC (which may be at the service layer) , the logical connection between the device and the NC is on the data plane; 9) Device-external (device-ext) connection: a logical connection between a device and an entity, e.g., a server, located in external networks. A GW that has connection with external networks is an ext-Data-TW-GW, e.g., Data-TW-GW-2 in FIG. 5A. The network needs to establish a tunnel between the device and an ext-Data-TW-GW to support a device-ext connection.
[0348] In this case, a GW to which the device is connected can be referred to as a serving GW of the device, and a GW to which an NC is connected can be referred to as an anchor GW of the NC. For example, in FIG. 5A, for a C / M session between the device and C / M NC2 on the C / M plane, C / M-TW-GW-1 is the serving C / M-TW-GW of the device, and the C / M-TW-GW-2 is the anchor C / M-TW-GW of the C / M NC2; for a C / M session between the device and C / M NC1 on the C / M plane, C / M-TW-GW-1 is the serving C / M-TW-GW of the device and also the anchor C / M-TW-GW of C / M NC1, that is, the serving C / M-TW-GW of the device and the anchor C / M-TW-GW of C / M NC1 are the same. Similarly, for a data session between the device and data NC2 on the data plane, Data-TW-GW-1 is the serving Data-TW-GW of the device, and the Data-TW-GW-2 is the anchor Data-TW-GW of the data NC2; for a data session between the device and data NC1 on the data plane, Data-TW-GW-1 is the serving Data-TW-GW of the device and the anchor Data-TW-GW of data NC1, that is, the serving Data-TW-GW of the device and the anchor Data-TW-GW of data NC1 are the same. In a possible implementation, when the serving GW of the device and the anchor GW of the NC are different, a connection between them can be referred to as an inter-GW session.
[0349] FIG. 5B shows example RBs, sessions and connections related to a wireless device in a communication system, which is different from FIG. 5A where different data NCs connect with the same Data-TW-GW and C / M-TW-GW, and different C / M NCs also connect with the same C / M-TW-GW. As shown in FIG. 5B, the device can be connected to an NC at the service layer or the C / M layer as shown in FIG. 1.
[0350] The connections related to the wireless device or the wireline device, including the aforementioned C / M NC connection, data NC connection and device-ext connection, are used to carry control / data traffic; each of the connections can be a downlink connection or an uplink connection. The C / M NC connection and the data NC connection can be collectively as a device-NC connection. The C / M NC connection is the device-NC connection on the C / M plane, and the data NC connection is the device-NC connection on the data plane. It should be noted that although the connections related to wireless device are shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B, the technical solution of the present disclosure is also applicable for the connections related to the wireline device.
[0351] In addition to the connections, there may also be downlink and uplink RBs related to the wireless device.
[0352] With respect to the RBs between the device and the RAN, the RBs generally include device CN RB and device RAN RB.The device CN RB includes the aforementioned device CN-C / M RB and device CN-data RB, and the device RAN RB includes the aforementioned device RAN-C / M RB and device RAN-data RB. From the perspective of directions, the RB may be a downlink RB from the RAN to a wireless device or an uplink RB from the wireless device to the RAN, so the RB can be of a downlink type or an uplink type. The downlink and uplink RB may be referred to as a pair of RBs. From the perspective of traffic types, the RB could be a C / M RB for carrying control signaling traffic on the C / M plane or a data RB for carrying data traffic on the data plane. Therefore, the RB can be of a C / M type or a data type. From the perspective of traffic destinations, the RB may be referred to as a RAN-RB or a CN-RB. The RAN-RB is an RB that carries signaling messages or data traffic between a wireless device and the RAN, and the CN-RB is an RB that carries signaling messages or data traffic between a device and the core network (CN) on the over-the-air interface. Therefore, in this case, the RB can be of a RAN-RB type or a CN-RB type. When combining the aforementioned different perspectives, different types of RBs may include downlink / uplink RAN-C / M RB (RAN-RB for carrying signaling messages on the C / M plane) , downlink / uplink RAN-data RB (RAN-RB for carrying data traffic on the data plane) , downlink / uplink CN-C / M RB (CN-RB for carrying signaling messages on the C / M plane) , downlink / uplink CN-data RB (CN-RB for carrying data traffic on the data plane) . That is, a RAN-RB may be an uplink / downlink RAN-C / M RB or RAN-data RB, a CN-RB could be an uplink / downlink CN C / M RB or CN-data RB; a C / M RB could be an uplink / downlink RAN-C / M RB or uplink / downlink CN-C / M RB, a data RB could be an uplink / downlink RAN-data RB or uplink / downlink CN-data RB.
[0353] With respect to the session related to a wireless device, from the perspective of traffic types, the session could be a C / M session which is a logical connection between a wireless device and its serving C / M-TW-GW for exchanging control signaling on the C / M plane, or a data session which is a logical connection between a device and its serving data-TW-GW for exchanging data on the data plane. Therefore, the session can be of a C / M type or a data type. From the perspective of directions, the session may be a downlink session from a serving GW (serving C / M-TW-GW or serving data-TW-GW) to a wireless device or an uplink session from the wireless device to the serving GW, so the session can be of a downlink type or an uplink type. The downlink and uplink sessions may be referred to as a pair of sessions. When combining the aforementioned different perspectives, different types of sessions may include downlink / uplink C / M session (C / M session for exchanging control signaling on the C / M plane) , or downlink / uplink data session (data session for exchanging data on the data plane) . That is, a session may be an uplink / downlink C / M session or data session.
[0354] With respect to the NC connection between a wireless device and an NC, from the perspective of traffic types, the NC connection could be a C / M NC connection which is a logical connection between a wireless device and a C / M entity of the NC, or a data NC connection which is a logical connection between the wireless device and a data entity of the NC. Therefore, the NC connection can be of a C / M type or a data type. From the perspective of directions, the NC connection may be a downlink NC connection from an entity (C / M entity or data entity) of the NC to a wireless device or an uplink NC connection from the wireless device to the entity. Therefore, the NC connection can be of a downlink type or an uplink type. The downlink and uplink NC connections may be referred to as a pair of NC connections. When combining the aforementioned different perspectives, different NC connections may be downlink / uplink C / M NC connections, or downlink / uplink data NC connections. That is, an NC connection may be an uplink / downlink C / M NC connection or data NC connection.
[0355] Throughout the text, the anchor gateway of an NC is connected to the NC, and responsible for managing traffic related to the NC. Corresponding forwarding rule (s) can be established at the anchor gateway of the NC, to ensure that incoming traffic can be properly forwarded to the NC, as well as ensuring that outgoing traffic can be properly forwarded from the NC to other NC (s) or device (s) . The anchor C / M gateway of the NC, also referred to as anchor C / M serving gateway of the NC, is responsible for incoming signaling traffic to the NC and outgoing signaling traffic from the NC on the C / M plane. The anchor data gateway of the NC, also referred to as anchor data serving gateway of the NC, is responsible for incoming data traffic to the NC and outgoing data traffic from the NC on the data plane. The serving gateway of a wireless or wireline device is connected to the device, and responsible for managing traffic related to the device. Corresponding forwarding rule (s) can be established at the serving gateway of the device, to ensure that incoming traffic can be properly forwarded to the device, as well as ensuring that outgoing traffic can be properly forwarded from the device to other NC (s) or device (s) . The C / M serving gateway of the device is responsible for incoming signaling traffic to the device and outgoing signaling traffic from the device on the C / M plane. The data serving gateway of the device is responsible for incoming data traffic to the device and outgoing data traffic from the device on the data plane.
[0356] As described above, both new 6G XaaS services and network C / M XaaS services are categorized as basic XaaS services. An XaaS service is defined as an NC. Each of these NCs can provide a single or a group of specific capabilities to enable control and management and service provisioning in the 6G system. An NC can provide one or more sub-services, each sub-service being enabled by one or more basic network capabilities, i.e., actions. Each basic network capability or action could be described in a consistent format, and could be AI / LLM (large language model) friendly (for AI enabled full automation) . Such a consistent format is defined as a network capability description language (NCDL) . In an implementation, an XaaS service can be implemented / achieved through execution of one or more actions corresponding to the XaaS service. The one or more actions are used for reflecting one or more capabilities for implementing a requirement of the service. The one or more actions may correspond to the one or more capabilities one-by-one, or a combination of a plurality of actions may correspond to one capability. For example, considering NET4AI service as an XaaS service, the NET4AI service can provide AI-related services to 6G customers or to other NCs. These AI related services can be enabled by its inference capabilities or sub-services, training capabilities or sub-services, and model management capabilities or sub-services. That is, the requirement for the NET4AI service can include, but are not limited to: a training requirement, an inference requirement, a model management requirement which can be related to storing of a model or a library related to provisioning of the NET4AI service, enhancement / improvement of the model, or the like. For the training requirement, there could be a plurality of algorithms / schemes such as algorithm / scheme A, algorithm / scheme B and algorithm / scheme C for implementing the training requirements. In this case, the plurality of algorithms / schemes can be regarded as a plurality of actions corresponding to the NET4AI service. It should be noted that the algorithm / scheme is just an implementation of the action, and the actions related to a service may be characterized in other different forms or formats.
[0357] The NCDL defines a language that is understood by both parties, i.e., a first NC calling the action and a second NC executing the action that is called by the first NC. The actions may be categorized as follows: Type 1: In-out-action: When this type of action is called, action codes are run based on an input and an output is produced. (Input-> action-> output) ; Type 2: In–action: When this type of action is called, action codes are run based on the input and a local configuration / update is conducted (input->action-> local update) ; Type 3: Out-action: When a local condition (trigger condition) is met, action codes are run to provide an output (local ->action->output) .
[0358] For Type 1 action and Type 2 action, when a first NC calls an action of a second NC, the first NC provides an NCDL input to the second NC. The NCDL input follows a certain agreement for the second NC to correctly recognize the NCDL input and execute the action. For Type 1 action, the second NC provides an NCDL output corresponding to the NCDL input. This NCDL output may be provided to the first NC, or to another NC (s) . For Type 2 action, the second NC performs a local configuration based on the NCDL input, in which case there is no NCDL output.
[0359] For Type 3 action, there is no NCDL input. When a local condition (or a trigger condition) is met, the first NC automatically provides an NCDL output to the second NC which subscribes to this action.
[0360] For an NCDL of an NC, the input dimensions (NCDL input) can include one or a plurality of input information without defining corresponding input information format; for an NCDL of a data NC, these dimensions can include one or a plurality of input data dimensions along with definitions of corresponding input data format.
[0361] The NET4CON at the infrastructure layer of FIG. 1 is a network capability (NC) that is responsible for management of connections of future generation communication system (e.g., 6G) network capabilities (NCs) and customers / devices.
[0362] Aspects of the present disclosure propose NET4CON actions and corresponding NCDLs for the NET4CON, so as to enable the NET4CON to provide its capability to other NCs and customers. In order to provide this capability, the NET4CON needs to define one or more actions (e.g., Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) ) and provide an NCDL for each of the one or more actions.
[0363] The actions of the NET4CON proposed in the present disclosure are used for management of data NC connection between a device and an NC. FIG. 6 shows an example data NC connection between a device and a data NC (entity) . The Data-TW-GW that a data NC (entity) has established a logical connection with is denoted as an anchor Data-TW-GW of the data NC (entity) . The Data-TW-GW that a device has established a data session with is denoted as a serving Data-TW-GW of the device. The aforementioned data entity may be a data function entity of a data NC. Taking the data NC connection shown in FIG. 5A or FIG. 5B as an example, Data-TW-GW-1 is the serving Data-TW-GW of the device, and Data-TW-GW-2 is the anchor data-TW-GW of the NC.
[0364] Here, the serving Data-TW-GW of the device can also be referred to as a first data serving gateway, and the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC can also be referred to as a second data serving gateway.
[0365] In order to establish the data NC connection, forwarding rules need to be established at the anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC (entity) and at the serving Data-TW-GW of the device. The forwarding rule established at the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) is used for exchanging communication between the NC (entity) and the serving Data-TW-GW of the device. The forwarding rule established at the serving Data-TW-GW is used for exchanging communication between the anchor Data-TW-GW and the device.
[0366] The actions of the NET4CON service proposed in the embodiments of the present disclosure are used for management of a device-NC connection between a device and an NC. The related actions can include, but are not limited to, actions for management of a device-NC connection on the data plane (i.e., the aforementioned data NC connection) , such as establishment of forwarding rule at an anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC, removal of forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW, establishment of forwarding rule at a serving Data-TW-GW of the device, and removal of forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW.
[0367] In the following description, with respect to the actions for management of the device-NC connection on the data plane, which are different actions related to the NET4CON service and are further described. It should be noted that although the actions are described with reference to a NET4CON C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) or a Data-TW-GW of the NET4CON service (which is also referred to as first or second data serving gateway below) , the description of the actions may be applicable in the context of other services or NCs, and other NCs may also provide similar actions that follow similar NCDLs. The actions of the NET4CON C / M function or the Data-TW-GW may be subscribed to by a device, a customer using the device, an NC providing autonomous programming services, an NC providing RAN services, or other NCs (such as those described with reference to FIG. 1) . Besides, the execution of following actions will be described from the perspective of the first node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway. From the perspective of the first node, when interactions between the first node and other nodes are involved, corresponding operations may be performed by other nodes, and the other nodes could be other XaaS services, or the first or second data serving gateway of NET4CON service. For example, the first node transmitting information to the other node involves the other node receiving information from the first node, the first node receiving information from the other node involves the other node transmitting information to the first node.
[0368] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to establish a first forwarding rule for a data NC connection at an anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “establishment of first forwarding rule” , “first establishment service” , or “second establishment service” . The action could be implemented by calling the anchor Data-TW-GW (which is also referred to as first data serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the anchor Data-TW-GW is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the anchor Data-TW-GW is located. FIG. 7A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish the first forwarding rule of the data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. The method illustrated in FIG. 7A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0369] At step S701A, the method includes receiving a first establishment request from a second node.
[0370] The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The second node and the third node can be the same node or different nodes. In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane. That is, the first connection can be a data NC connection between the device and an NC, and the third node is the NC connected to the device on the data plane. The device and the third node can perform data traffic exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned data NC connection. The third node can provide an XaaS service in the Service layer of FIG. 1, and the XaaS service can provide its services or capabilities through its corresponding C / M function entity / entities and / or data function entity / entities implemented on the infrastructure layer of the system shown in FIG. 1. The C / M function entity / entities support (s) exchanging of signaling of the XaaS service on the C / M plane. The data function entity / entities support (s) exchanging of data of the XaaS service on the data plane. In an implementation, the second node can provide an XaaS service in the C / M layer, such as, autonomous programming services, a connectivity management (CM) service, or other XaaS services.
[0371] In an implementation, the first node can be a C / M function of a NET4CON service in a BAS domain. As described above, the first connection involves exchange of signaling between the device and the third node. This exchange passes through a second data serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned serving Data-TW-GW of the device) to which the device is connected, and a first data serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor Data-TW-GW of the third node) to which the third node is connected. The first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway are controlled and managed by C / M functions in their respective BAS domains. In an implementation, the first node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be in the same domain. In an implementation, the first node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be in BAS different domains. For example, the first node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway each belong to their respective BAS domains. Alternatively, the first node and the first data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, while the second data serving gateway in a different BAS domain. Alternatively, the first node and the second data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, while the first data serving gateway in a different BAS domain. Alternatively, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, and while the first node in a different BAS domain.
[0372] In an implementation, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be the same. That is, the device and the third node are connected to the same data serving gateway. In this case, the data serving gateway is the serving Data-TW-GW of the device and the anchor Data-TW-GW of the third node. In the following description, the case where the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway are different are further described, however, it should be noted that the solution of the present disclosure is also applicable for the case where the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway are the same.
[0373] In an implementation, establishing the first connection requires establishing the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway and a second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected. The communication may be exchange of control signaling. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule may indicate a mapping among information for identifying the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule may indicate a mapping among the information for identifying the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway. The specific processes of establishing the first and second forwarding rules are further described with reference to FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B.
[0374] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S701A) by the first node to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway are already known. For example, the information for identifying the first connection may be an identifier (ID) of the first connection. In this way, the mapping among the first connection, the third node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be determined, which can facilitate the communication between the device and the third node through the first connection.
[0375] In an implementation, the first establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) ; information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) ; and information for identifying the second data serving gateway to which the device is connected (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) .
[0376] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway.
[0377] In an implementation, the second node can request, by indicating an identifier of the device, the ID of the second data serving gateway from the first node. The first node can thus provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the second data serving gateway. When the second node calls the first node for establishing the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, it may carry the ID of the second data serving gateway in the first establishment request.
[0378] In an implementation, the first establishment request includes the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the third node and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway to which the device is connected. Therefore, the first node can determine the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway based on the first establishment request. The first node can also determine the first data serving gateway based on the mapping between the first connection and the first data serving gateway. In an implementation, the first establishment request may also include information for identifying the first data serving gateway. For example, the first establishment request further includes an ID of the first data serving gateway. The second node can request, by indicating the information for identifying the third node, the ID of the first data serving gateway from the first node. Thus, the first node can provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the first data serving gateway. The determination of the first data serving gateway enables the first node to identify which data serving gateway can be configured with the first forwarding rule.
[0379] In an implementation, the first establishment request includes information about a type of the third node. The information about the type of the third node can indicate that the third node is of a data type.
[0380] It is also possible that the information for identifying the first connection can uniquely identify entities on the first connection, and the entities can include the device, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node. In this case, the first establishment request may simply include the information for identifying the first connection. Based on the information for identifying the first connection, the first node can determine the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node based on the mapping among the first connection, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node.
[0381] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0382] At step S702A, the method includes, in response to receiving the first establishment request, configuring the first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. Upon receiving the first establishment request, the first node enables the first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) , the information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) . In an implementation, the first forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the information for identifying the first connection (e.g. the ID of the first connection) , the information for identifying the third node (e.g. the ID of the third node) , the information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. the ID of the second data serving gateway) and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) . In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be stored in a local cache of the first node.
[0383] Upon receiving the first establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0384] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the first data serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S702A of configuration of first data serving gateway can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the first data serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S702A of configuration of the first data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the first data serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule.
[0385] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first data serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the first data serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g. through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the first data serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the first data serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity related to the first data serving gateway, as well as operations of the first data serving gateway. For example, the step S702A of configuration of the first data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the first data serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the information for identifying the first connection, and the first node transmitting a message to another node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the first data serving gateway is located; then the another node configuring the first data serving gateway based on the received the message. As a result, the first data serving gateway establishes the first forwarding rule.
[0386] In an implementation, the configuration of the first data serving gateway can include: the first node transmitting a message to the first data serving gateway. Correspondingly, the first data serving gateway receives the message from the first node, and establishes the first forwarding rule based on the message. The message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first data serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the first data serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the another node which manages connectivity and operations related to the first data serving gateway. The another node then transmits a message to the first data serving gateway, and the message from the another node to the first data serving gateway may be the same as the message received by the another node from the first node. By transmission of the message from the first node to the first data serving gateway, the first data serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection.
[0387] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first data serving gateway includes: information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) ; information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) ; and information for identifying the second data serving gateway to which the device is connected (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) .
[0388] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0389] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first data serving gateway further includes information about a type of the third node. For example, the information about the type of the third node can indicate that the third node is of a data type.
[0390] In an implementation, the message indicates the information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) . By including the information for identifying the first data serving gateway in the message, the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway can be ensured.
[0391] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0392] In an implementation, the reception of step S701A and the configuration of step S702 constitute an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as first establishment service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the device, the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0393] In an implementation, the first establishment request can identify the action. For example, the first establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first node is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first node receives the first establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the first node has the knowledge that the first establishment request includes a request to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection. From a perspective of network elements (e.g., a C / M function and gateways) included in the NET4CON service, different network elements in a BAS domain may be capable of providing their own actions as one network element, and the first node may be capable of providing different actions. It is possible to assign different IDs for actions provided by all network elements in the BAS domain. In this case, IDs of actions provided by all network elements in the domain may be different. It is also possible to assign different IDs for actions of one network element. In this case, actions of different network elements may have the same IDs. From a perspective of an NC (e.g., the NET4CON service) , different NCs may be capable of providing their own actions as one NC. For example, the NET4CON may be capable of providing different actions. It is possible to assign different IDs for actions provided by all NCs in the system. In this case, IDs of actions provided by all NCs in the system may be different. It is also possible to assign different IDs for the actions of one NC. In this case, actions of different NCs may have the same IDs. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first node can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0394] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0395] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in the case where the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” is implemented by calling the anchor Data-TW-GW (first data serving gateway) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first data serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 7B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first data serving gateway. For the detailed definitions of the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the first connection and the first forwarding rule in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A. The method illustrated in FIG. 7B is applied at the first data serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0396] At step S701B, the method includes receiving a second establishment request from a second node.
[0397] At step S702B, the method includes, in response to receiving the second establishment request, establishing a first forwarding rule.
[0398] The second establishment request includes a request to establish the first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node.
[0399] In an implementation, the second establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) ; information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) ; and information for identifying the second data serving gateway to which the device is connected (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) .
[0400] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the third node and the second data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0401] In an implementation, the second node can request, by indicating an identifier of the device, the ID of the second data serving gateway from the first node. Thus, the first node can provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the second data serving gateway. When the second node calls the first data serving gateway for establishing the first forwarding rule, it may carry the ID of the second data serving gateway in the second establishment request.
[0402] In an implementation, the second establishment request includes information for identifying the first data serving gateway. For example, the second establishment request further includes an ID of the first data serving gateway. By including the information for identifying the first data serving gateway in the message, the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway can be ensured.
[0403] In an implementation, the second establishment request includes information about a type of the third node (e.g., data type) .
[0404] It is also possible that the information for identifying the first connection may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, the entities can include the device, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node. In this case, the second establishment request may simply include the information for identifying the first connection. Based on the information for identifying the first connection, the first data serving gateway can determine the second data serving gateway and the third node.
[0405] Upon receiving the second establishment request, the first data serving gateway can effectively establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0406] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S701B) by the first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an identifier (ID) of the first connection) has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are already known.
[0407] In an implementation, the reception of step 701B and the establishment of step S702B constitute an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as second establishment service herein) provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the first forwarding rule.
[0408] In an implementation, the second establishment request can identify the action. For example, the second establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first data serving gateway receives the second establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the first data serving gateway has the knowledge that the second establishment request includes a request to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0409] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0410] In an implementation, the method further includes: the first data serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the establishment of the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the first data serving gateway is located. When the first data serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to the first node. When the first data serving gateway is not in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to a C / M function of the BAS domain in which the first data serving gateway is located. This C / M function then forwards the response message to the first node. In an implementation, the response message can include at least one of the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the third node, the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway.
[0411] For the action “establishment of the first forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the first data serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Establishment of the first forwarding rule; Pre-condition of the action: The information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway have been determined; Post-condition of the action: The first forwarding rule has been established at the first data serving gateway; One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the information for identifying the first connection; the information for identifying the third node; the information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and optional the information for identifying the first data serving gateway and the type of the third node.
[0412] The following is an example NCDL of the action “establishment of first forwarding rule” at the first data serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the first data serving gateway.
[0413] Name of the action: Establishment of forwarding rule at an anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC (entity) (which is a specific example of aforementioned first data serving gateway) . The NC or entity is a specific example of the aforementioned third node for a data NC connection, and the data NC connection is a specific example of the aforementioned first connection.
[0414] Purpose of the action: The purpose of this action is for the anchor Data-TW-GW to establish a mapping of a given data NC connection ID pair, a targeted Data-TW-GW ID for DL traffic and an NC (Entity) ID for UL traffic. The targeted Data-TW-GW is a specific example of the aforementioned second data serving gateway, and can also be referred to as serving Data-TW-GW of the device.
[0415] Pre-condition of the action: The data NC connection ID pair has been assigned by an NC, the serving Data-TW-GW of a device is known, and the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) is known. Note that the anchor Data-TW-GW is a gateway (GW) that the NC has established a transport layer security (TLS) connection with.
[0416] Post-condition of the action: The mapping has been established at the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) .
[0417] Table 1 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” . Table 1
[0418] The parameters shown in Table 1 represent different capability dimensions for the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows:
[0419] Definition of capability dimensions: -NC (entity) ID: ID of the NC (Entity) which is one end of the data NC connection. -NC type: C / M NC or data NC. -DL-CID: ID of DL connection ( (i.e., ID of the data NC connection from the NC (entity) to the device) . -Serving Data-TW-GW ID: ID of the serving Data-TW-GW of the device. The serving Data-TW-GW of the device and the anchor Data-TW-GW could be the same, i.e., one Data-TW-GW could be serving Data-TW-GW of the device and also be the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) . -UL-CID: ID of connection (i.e., ID of the data NC connection from the device to the NC (entity) ) .
[0420] Use of this NCDL: -This NCDL may be subscribed to by an automatic network capability programming (A-CAP) and other NCs. The A-CAP can provide autonomous programming services. The A-CAP can also be referred to as the aforementioned MM service with respect to FIG. 1. -This action is called when a data NC connection needs to be established and the data NC connection ID pair has been assigned. -This action can be called directly by the A-CAP or via the NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) . The possible procedures for direct calling and indirect calling are respectively shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B. -When this action is called, the anchor Data-TW-GW is configured to establish the forwarding rule. After the forwarding rule has been established and the data NC connection has been established, when receiving a packet related to the data NC connection, the anchor Data-TW-GW performs the followings: o For received packets with the DL-CID and NC ID, routing to the serving Data-TW-GW of the device. o For received packets with the UL-CID and NC ID, routing to the NC (entity) .
[0421] Throughout the text and in the tables, although connections may be referenced in pairs (UL and DL) , it is not always necessary to include a pair of IDs when executing related actions.
[0422] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to remove a first forwarding rule for a Data NC connection at an anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “removal of first forwarding rule” , “first removal service” , or “second removal service” . The action could be implemented by calling the anchor Data-TW-GW (which is also referred to as first data serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the anchor Data-TW-GW is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the anchor Data-TW-GW is located. In an implementation, this action may be called when a data NC connection between a device and an NC has been de-activated. This particular action is a Type 2 action as it involves an NCDL input.
[0423] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (first node) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 8A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the detailed definitions of the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, the second node, the third node, the first connection and the first forwarding rule in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A. The method illustrated in FIG. 8A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0424] At step S801A, the method includes receiving a first removal request from a second node.
[0425] The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The second node and the third node can be the same node or different nodes. In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane. The device and the third node can perform data traffic exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned data NC connection. The first connection involves exchange of signaling between the device and the third node. This exchange passes through the second data serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned serving Data-TW-GW of the device) and the first data serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor Data-TW-GW of the third node) .
[0426] In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0427] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S801A) by the first node to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated. In an implementation, the de-activation of the first connection includes: the device removing the mapping related to the first connection. The mapping can be a mapping among the first connection, the third node and the first data serving gateway. The pre-condition for de-activation of the first connection requires that, for example, there is no traffic on the first connection for certain period of time, or communication finishes or a device / customer conducts 6G system de-registration.
[0428] In an implementation, the first removal request includes information for identifying the first connection. The information for identifying the first connection may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, and the entities can include the device, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node. Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the first removal request, the first node can determine the first data serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify for which data serving gateway the first forwarding rule should be removed.
[0429] In an implementation, the first removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying the second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0430] For example, the first removal request includes one or more of an ID of the third node, an ID of the second data serving gateway, and an ID of the first data serving gateway. Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify one or more of the third node, the second data serving gateway and the first data serving gateway more efficiently.
[0431] In an implementation, the first removal request further includes information for identifying the device (e.g., an ID of the device) . Inclusion of the information of the device enables the first node to identify the device associated with the first connection.
[0432] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0433] At step S802A, the method includes, in response to receiving the first removal request, configuring the first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. Upon receiving the first removal request, the first node enables the first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. In an implementation, the first forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) , the information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) . In an implementation, the first forwarding rule can indicate a mapping among the information for identifying the first connection (e.g. the ID of the first connection) , the information for identifying the third node (e.g. the ID of the third node) , the information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. the ID of the second data serving gateway) and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) . In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be removed from a local cache of the first node.
[0434] Upon receiving the first removal request, the first node can effectively configure the first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0435] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the first data serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S802A of configuration of first data serving gateway can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the first data serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S802A of configuration of the first data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the first data serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule.
[0436] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the first data serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the first data serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g. through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the first data serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the first data serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity related to the first data serving gateway, as well as operations of the first data serving gateway. For example, the step S802A of configuration of the first data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the first data serving gateway which manages traffic over the first connection based on the information for identifying the first connection, and the first node transmitting a message to another node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the first data serving gateway is located; then the another node configuring the first data serving gateway based on the received the third message. As a result, the first data serving gateway removes the first forwarding rule.
[0437] In an implementation, the configuration of the first data serving gateway can include: the first node transmitting a message to the first data serving gateway. Correspondingly, the first data serving gateway receives the message from the first node, and removes the first forwarding rule based on the received message. The message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection between the device and the third node from the first data serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the first data serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the another node which manages connectivity related to the first data serving gateway. The another node then transmits a message to the first data serving gateway, and the message from the another node to the first data serving gateway may be the same as the message received by the another node from the first node. By transmitting the message from the first node to the first data serving gateway, the first data serving gateway can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0438] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first data serving gateway includes information for identifying the first connection. For example, the information for identifying the first connection is an ID of the first connection. By including the information for identifying the first connection, the first data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0439] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the first data serving gateway further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) ; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) ; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) .
[0440] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway enables the first data serving gateway to identify the third node and the second data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the first data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway.
[0441] In an implementation, the method further includes the first node locally updating information related to the removal of the first forwarding rule. For example, the mapping among the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the third node, the information for identifying the first data serving gateway, and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway can be removed. In this way, utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing unnecessary data processing and storage.
[0442] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0443] In an implementation, the reception of step S801A and the configuration of step S802A constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as first removal service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0444] In an implementation, the first removal request can identify the action. For example, the first removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first data serving gateway receives the first removal request which includes the ID of the action, the first data serving gateway has the knowledge that the first removal request includes a request to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0445] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0446] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” is implemented by calling the anchor Data-TW-GW (which is also referred to as first data serving gateway below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first data serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 8B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a first forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first data serving gateway. For the details of the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, the second node, the third node, the first connection and the first forwarding rule in this embodiment, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A. The method illustrated in FIG. 8B is applied at the first data serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0447] At step S801B, the method includes receiving a second removal request from a second node.
[0448] At step S802B, the method includes, in response to receiving the second removal request, removing a first forwarding rule.
[0449] The second removal request includes a request to remove the first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node.
[0450] In an implementation, the second removal request includes information for identifying the first connection. For example, the information for identifying the first connection is an ID of the first connection. By including the information for identifying the first connection, the first data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0451] In an implementation, the second removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node (e.g. an ID of the third node) ; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) ; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) .
[0452] Inclusion of the information for identifying the third node and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway enables the first data serving gateway to identify the third node and the second data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the first data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the first data serving gateway.
[0453] In an implementation, the second removal request further includes information for identifying the device (e.g., an ID of the device) . Inclusion of the information of the device enables the first node to identify the device associated with the first connection.
[0454] Upon receiving the second removal request, the first node can effectively remove the first forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0455] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S801B) by the first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated. That is, the device has removed the information related to the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0456] In an implementation, the reception of step S801B and the removal of step S802B constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as second removal service herein) provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the first forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the first forwarding rule.
[0457] In an implementation, the second removal request can identify the action. For example, the second removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the first data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the first data serving gateway receives the second removal request which includes the ID of the action, the first data serving gateway has the knowledge that the second removal request includes a request to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the first data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0458] In an implementation, the method further includes: the first data serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the removal of the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the first data serving gateway is located. When the first data serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to the first node. When the first data serving gateway is not in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to a C / M function of the BAS domain in which the first data serving gateway is located, and this C / M function then forwards the response message to the first node. In an implementation, the response message can include at least one of the information for identifying the first connection; the information for identifying the third node, the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway.
[0459] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0460] For the action, “removal of the first forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the first data serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Removal of the first forwarding rule; Pre-condition of the action: The first connection has been de-activated; Post-condition of the action: The first forwarding rule has been removed (no-established) at the first data serving gateway; One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the third node, the information for identifying the second data serving gateway, and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0461] The following is an example NCDL of the action “removal of first forwarding rule” at the first data serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the first data serving gateway.
[0462] Name of the action: Removal of forwarding rule at an anchor Data-TW-GW (which is a specific example of aforementioned first data serving gateway) .
[0463] Purpose of the action: The action is for the anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC (entity) (which is a specific example of the aforementioned third node) to remove an existing forwarding rule (i.e., first forwarding rule) for a data NC connection (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first connection) .
[0464] Pre-condition of the action: The data NC connection has been de-activated.
[0465] Post-condition of the action: The forwarding rule for the data NC connection has been removed (no-established) at the anchor Data-TW-GW.
[0466] Table 2 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “removal of forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW”. Table 2
[0467] The parameters shown in Table 2 represent different capability dimensions for the action “removal of forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: -NC (entity) ID: ID of the NC (Entity) which is one end of the data NC connection, and the other end is the device. -DL-CID: ID of DL connection (i.e., ID of the data NC connection from the NC (entity) to the device) . -UL-CID: ID of connection (i.e., ID of the data NC connection from the device to the NC (entity) ) .
[0468] The use of this NCDL: -This NCDL may be subscribed to by the A-CAP and other NCs. -This action is called when the data NC connection has been de-activated. -This action can be called by the A-CAP or via a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) . The possible procedures for direct calling and indirect calling are respectively shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B. -After conducting the action, the anchor Data-TW-GW removes the forwarding rule related to the NC (entity) ID and CIDs. -The NET4CON C / M function updates its local cache.
[0469] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to establish a second forwarding rule for a data NC connection at a serving Data-TW-GW of a device. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “establishment of second forwarding rule” , “third establishment service” , or “fourth establishment service” . The action could be implemented by calling the serving Data-TW-GW (which is also referred to as second data serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the serving Data-TW-GW is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the serving Data-TW-GW is located. In an implementation, this action may be called when information for identifying a data NC connection between a device and an NC (which is also referred to as third node below) has been assigned, a data session that will be mapped to the first connection has been established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway have been determined. The action is a Type 2 action as it involves an NCDL input.
[0470] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 9A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the details of the first node, the second node, the third node, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, and the first connection, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A, which will be not repeated here again. The method illustrated in FIG. 9A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0471] At step S901A, the method includes receiving a third establishment request from a second node.
[0472] The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The second node and the third node can be the same node or different nodes. In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane. The device and the third node can perform data traffic exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned data NC connection. The first connection involves exchange of signaling between the device and the third node. This exchange passes through a second data serving gateway (i.e., aforementioned serving Data-TW-GW of the device) to which the device is connected on a data plane, and a first data serving gateway (i.e., aforementioned anchor Data-TW-GW of the third node) to which the third node is connected on a data plane.
[0473] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0474] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S901A) by the first node to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, a data session between the device and the second data serving gateway has been established, and the second data serving gateway and the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known. For example, the information for identifying the first connection may an identifier (ID) of the first connection. In an implementation, the data session can be an example of the aforementioned device data session established between the device and the second data serving gateway (the serving Data-TW-GW of the device) on the data plane. The data session is mapped to the first connection between the device and the NC. In an implementation, the data session can be an example of the aforementioned device data session, which is established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane, and mapped to the data NC connection between the device and the third node. In this way, the mapping among the first connection, the data session, the third node, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway can be determined, which can facilitate the communication between the device and the third node through the first connection.
[0475] The device may be connected to one or more NCs through one or more device-NC connections. A data NC connection between the device and one NC can be mapped to the data session established between the device and the serving Data-TW-GW of the device. A data NC connection between the device and one NC can be mapped to the data session between the device and the serving data-TW-GW of the device. The mapping between the data NC connection and the device data session can be one-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one. For example, there are a plurality of data sessions for a device and a plurality of data connections between the device and a plurality of NCs, the data connections are mapped to the data sessions one-by-one. For another example, there is a single data session for a device and a plurality of data connections between the device and a plurality of NCs, these data connections are all mapped to the single data session. Each of the data connections can be taken as the aforementioned first connection. In order to ensure that the second data serving gateway of the device establishes forwarding rules for these data connections, it is possible to call the action “establishment of second forwarding rule” for a plurality of times by indicating a connection ID of a data connection individually. Alternatively, the second forwarding rules for the data connections can be established in a single action by indicating the connection IDs of all data connections at once.
[0476] In an implementation, the third establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) ; information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) ; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) .
[0477] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway.
[0478] In an implementation, the second node can request, by indicating an identifier of the NC, the ID of the first data serving gateway from the first node. The first node can thus provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the first data serving gateway. When the second node calls the first node for establishing the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, it may carry the ID of the first data serving gateway in the third establishment request.
[0479] In an implementation, the third establishment request includes the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway. Therefore, the first node can determine the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway based on the third establishment request. The first node can also determine the second data serving gateway based on the mapping between the first connection and the second data serving gateway. The determination of the second data serving gateway enables the first node to identify which data serving gateway can be configured with the second forwarding rule.
[0480] In an implementation, the third establishment request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) ; information about a type of the third node, and information for identifying the data session corresponding to the first connection. For example, the information about the type of the third node can indicate that the type of the third node is of a data type. The data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0481] In an implementation, the third establishment request further includes information for identifying the second data serving gateway. For example, the third establishment request further includes an ID of the second data serving gateway. The determination of the second data serving gateway enables the first node to identify which data serving gateway can be configured with the second forwarding rule.
[0482] In an implementation, the third establishment request includes information about a type of the third node. For example, the information about the type of the third node can indicate that the third node is of a data type.
[0483] In an implementation, the third establishment request further includes the information for identifying the data session. There may exist a plurality of data sessions between the device and the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the third establishment request enables the first node to determine the data session efficiently.
[0484] It is also possible that the information for identifying the first connection may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, and the entities can include the device, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node. In this case, the third establishment request may simply include the information for identifying the first connection. Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the third establishment request, the first node can determine the device, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway based on the mapping among the first connection, the device, the first data serving gateway and the second data serving gateway.
[0485] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0486] At step S902A, the method includes, in response to receiving the third establishment request, configuring the second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. Upon receiving the third establishment request, the first node enables the second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule can indicate a mapping between the data session for the first connection and the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected, For example, the second forwarding rule can indicate the mapping among the information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) , the information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) , the information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) . In an implementation, the information for identifying the data session (e.g. an ID of the data session) may also be included in the aforementioned mapping indicated by the second forwarding rule. In an implementation, the ID of the device can be a subscriber service temporary ID (SSTID) which was assigned to the device for its communication with the first node at subscription. For a device to access an NC (e.g., CM) , a specific ID (i.e., SSTID of the device) is needed for interconnection between the device and the NC for ID privacy protection. The SSTID of the device is managed by CONfederation of NETworks (CONET) node in the C / M layer of FIG. 1 through its functionality (CONET-Identifier Management, CONET-IDM) . When the device / customer, at subscribing to the NC, CONET-IDM allocates an ID to the device / customer for its communication with the NC. This ID is denoted SSTID and is notified to the NC.
[0487] Upon receiving the third establishment request, the first node can effectively configure the second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, thereby ensuring that the pre-condition is met for activating the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0488] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the second data serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S902A of configuration of second data serving gateway can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the second data serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S902A of configuration of the second data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the second data serving gateway based on the information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule.
[0489] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second data serving gateway are in the different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the second data serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g. through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the second data serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the second data serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity, as well as operations related to the second data serving gateway. For example, the step S902A of configuration of the second data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the second data serving gateway based on the information for identifying the first connection; and the first node transmitting a message to a second node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the second data serving gateway is located; then the second node configuring the second data serving gateway based on the received the message. As a result, the second data serving gateway establishes the second forwarding rule.
[0490] In an implementation, the configuration of the second data serving gateway can include: the first node transmitting a message to the second data serving gateway. Correspondingly, the second data serving gateway receives the message from the first node, and establishes the second forwarding rule based on the received message. The message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second data serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the second data serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the second node which manages connectivity and operations related to the second data serving gateway. The second node then transmits a message to the second data serving gateway. This message may be the same as or similar to the message received by the second node from the first node. By transmitting the message to the second data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway can effectively establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection, so as to support establishment of the first connection.
[0491] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway includes: information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) ; information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) ; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) .
[0492] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0493] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway further includes information about a type of the third node. For example, the information about the type of the third node can indicate that the third node is of a data type.
[0494] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway further includes information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) . By including the information for identifying the second data serving gateway in the message, the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway can be ensured.
[0495] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway further includes information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection. The data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane. There may exist a plurality of data sessions between the device and the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the message enables the second data serving gateway to determine the data session efficiently.
[0496] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0497] In an implementation, the reception of step S901A and the configuration of step S902A constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as third establishment service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the device, the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0498] In an implementation, the third establishment request can identify the action. For example, the third establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the second data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the second data serving gateway receives the third establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the second data serving gateway has the knowledge that the third establishment request includes a request to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0499] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0500] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action of establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW of the device is implemented by calling the serving Data-TW-GW (second data serving gateway) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the second data serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 9B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to establish a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the second data serving gateway. For the detailed definitions of the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the first connection, the data session and the second forwarding rule, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A and FIG. 9A. The method illustrated in FIG. 9B is applied at the second data serving gateway and includes the following steps:
[0501] At step S901B, the method includes receiving a fourth establishment request from a second node.
[0502] At step S902B, the method includes, in response to receiving the fourth establishment request, establishing a second forwarding rule.
[0503] The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish the second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node.
[0504] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) ; information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) ; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) .
[0505] Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the second data serving gateway to identify the first connection, the device and the first data serving gateway, which can facilitate the establishment of the second forwarding rule.
[0506] In an implementation, the second node can request, by indicating an identifier of the NC, the ID of the first data serving gateway from the first node, and the first node can thus provide, in response to the request, the second node with the ID of the first data serving gateway. When the second node calls the second data serving gateway for establishing the second forwarding rule, it may carry the ID of the first data serving gateway in the fourth establishment request.
[0507] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) ; information about a type of the third node, and information for identifying the data session corresponding to the first connection. For example, the information about the type of the third node can indicate that the type of the third node is of a data type. The data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0508] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request includes information for identifying the second data serving gateway. For example, the fourth establishment request further includes an ID of the second data serving gateway. By including the information for identifying the second data serving gateway in the fourth establishment request, the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway can be ensured.
[0509] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request includes information about a type of the third node (e.g., data type) .
[0510] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request further includes the information for identifying the data session. There may exist a plurality of data sessions between the device and the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the fourth establishment request enables the second data serving gateway to determine the data session efficiently.
[0511] It is also possible that the information for identifying the first connection may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, the entities can include the device, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node. In this case, the fourth establishment request may simply include the information for identifying the first connection, based on the information for identifying the first connection, the second data serving gateway can determine the device and the first data serving gateway.
[0512] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S901B) by the second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection (e.g., an identifier (ID) of the first connection) has been assigned, the data session has been established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.
[0513] In an implementation, the reception of step S901B and the establishment of step S902B constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as fourth establishment service herein) provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The second data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the establishment, so as to improve the efficiency of establishment of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of establishment of second forwarding rule.
[0514] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request can identify the action. For example, the fourth establishment request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the second data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the second data serving gateway receives the fourth establishment request which includes the ID of the action, the second data serving gateway has the knowledge that the fourth establishment request includes a request to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0515] In an implementation, the method further includes: the second data serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the establishment of the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the second data serving gateway is located. When the second data serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to the first node. When the second data serving gateway is not in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to a C / M function of the BAS domain in which the second data serving gateway is located. This C / M function then forwards the response message to the first node. In an implementation, the response message can include at least one of the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the device, the information for identifying the first data serving gateway, the information for identifying the second data serving gateway and the information for identifying the data session.
[0516] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule is established at the second data serving gateway.
[0517] For the action, “establishment of the second forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the second data serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Establishment of the second forwarding rule; Pre-condition of the action: The information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, the data session has been established, and the second data serving gateway and the first data serving gateway have been determined; Post-condition of the action: The second forwarding rule has been established at the second data serving gateway; One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the device, the information for identifying the first data serving gateway, the information for identifying the second data serving gateway, the information about the type of the third node, and the information for identifying the data session.
[0518] The following is an example NCDL of the action “establishment of second forwarding rule” at the second data serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the second data serving gateway.
[0519] Name of the action: Establishment of forwarding rule at a serving Data-TW-GW (which is a specific example of aforementioned second data serving gateway) . This action could be implemented by calling the serving Data-TW-GW or calling a C / M function of a NET4CON (which is a specific example of aforementioned first node) . In the latter case, the C / M function configures the serving Data-TW-GW to enable the serving Data-TW-GW to establish the forwarding rule.
[0520] Purpose of the action: The purpose of this action is for the serving Data-TW-GW of a device to establish a forwarding rule for a data NC connection (which is a specific example of aforementioned first connection) .
[0521] Pre-condition of the action: Device data session (which is a specific example of the aforementioned data session) has been established, a data NC connection ID pair has been assigned, and an anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) and the serving Data-TW-GW of the device are known.
[0522] Post-condition of the action: The forwarding rule has been established at the serving Data-TW-GW of the device.
[0523] Table 3 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” . Table 3
[0524] The parameters shown in Table 3 represent different capability dimensions for the action “establishment of forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: -Device ID: ID of the device to which the data NC connection needs to be established. -NC type (optional) : C / M NC or data NC. -DL-CID: ID of DL connection (i.e., the data NC connection from the NC (entity) to the device) . -ID of anchor Data-TW-GW: ID of the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) . -UL-CID: ID of connection (i.e., the data NC connection from the device to the NC (entity) ) .
[0525] Use of the NCDL: -This NCDL may be subscribed to by the A-CAP and other NCs. -This action is called when a data NC connection needs to be established and the data NC connection ID pair has been assigned. When this action is called, the serving Data-TW-GW establishes the forwarding rule. After the forwarding rule has been established and the data NC connection has been established, when receiving a packet related to the data NC connection, the serving Data-TW-GW performs the followings: o For received packets with the DL-CID and NC ID, mapping / routing to DL data session of the device. o For received packets from UL data session of the device with the UL-CID and NC ID, routing to the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC (entity) .
[0526] In an implementation of the present disclosure, the action is to remove a second forwarding rule for a data NC connection at a serving Data-TW-GW of a device. Each action includes a unique action name for facilitating other NCs to subscribe to the action. For example, the action name can be “removal of second forwarding rule” , “third removal service” , or “fourth removal service” . The action could be implemented by calling the serving Data-TW-GW (which is also referred to as second data serving gateway below) or a C / M function (which is also referred to as first node below) in a BAS domain. The C / M function can be in the same BAS domain where the serving Data-TW-GW is located or in a BAS domain different from the BAS domain where the serving Data-TW-GW is located. In an implementation, this action may be called when a data NC connection between a device and an NC has been de-activated. The action is a Type 2 action as it involves an NCDL input.
[0527] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action is implemented by calling the C / M function (first node) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the first node to implement the action. FIG. 10A shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the first node. For the detailed definitions of the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the first connection, the data session and the second forwarding rule, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A and FIG. 9A. The method illustrated in FIG. 10A is applied at the first node and includes the following steps:
[0528] At step S1001A, the method includes receiving a third removal request from a second node.
[0529] The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The second node and the third node can be the same node or different nodes. In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane. The device and the third node can perform data traffic exchanging over the first connection. The first connection is a specific example of the aforementioned data NC connection. The first connection involves exchange of signaling between the device and the third node. This exchange passes through the second data serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned serving Data-TW-GW of the device) and the first data serving gateway (i.e., the aforementioned anchor Data-TW-GW of the third node) .
[0530] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0531] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S1001A) by the first node to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated. In an implementation, the de-activation of the first connection includes: the device removing the mapping related to the first connection. The mapping can be a mapping among the first connection, the third node and the first data serving gateway. The pre-condition for de-activation of the first connection requires that, for example, there is no traffic on the first connection for certain period of time, or communication finishes or a device / customer conducts 6G system de-registration.
[0532] In an implementation, the third removal request includes information for identifying the first connection. The information for identifying the first connection may uniquely identify entities on the first connection, and the entities can include the device, the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway and the third node. Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the third removal request, the first node can determine the second data serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify for which data serving gateway the second forwarding rule should be removed.
[0533] In an implementation, the third removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0534] For example, the third removal request includes one or more of an ID of the device, an ID of the second data serving gateway, an ID of the first data serving gateway, and an ID of the data session. Inclusion of the aforementioned information enables the first node to identify one or more of the device, the second data serving gateway, the first data serving gateway and the data session more efficiently.
[0535] In an implementation, the third removal request further includes information for identifying the device (e.g., an ID of the device) . Inclusion of the information of the device enables the first node to identify the device associated with the first connection.
[0536] In an implementation, the method further includes the following steps.
[0537] At step S1002A, the method includes, in response to receiving the third removal request, configuring the second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. Upon receiving the third removal request, the first node enables the second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. In an implementation, the second forwarding rule can indicate a mapping between the data session for the first connection and the first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected. For example, the second forwarding rule can indicate the mapping among the information for identifying the first connection (e.g. an ID of the first connection) , the information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) , the information for identifying the first data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) . In an implementation, the information for identifying the data session (e.g. an ID of the data session) may also be included in the aforementioned mapping indicated by the second forwarding rule. In an implementation, the aforementioned mapping can be removed from a local cache of the first node. With respect to the indication of the device, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 9A.
[0538] Upon receiving the third removal request, the first node can effectively configure the second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0539] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second data serving gateway are in the same BAS domain, the second data serving gateway is controlled and managed by the first node. As a result, the step S1002A of configuration of second data serving gateway can be an internal operation in a NET4CON service to which the first node and the second data serving gateway belong. This operation may be exposed to other nodes or kept unexposed. For example, the step S1002A of configuration of the second data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the second data serving gateway which manages traffic over the data session based on the information for identifying the first connection; and configuring / enabling the determined second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule.
[0540] In an implementation, in a case where the first node and the second data serving gateway are in the different BAS domains, the first node may communicate with a C / M function (which is referred as another node below) of the BAS domain in which the second data serving gateway is located. The first node may then pass required information (e.g. through a message) to this C / M function to achieve configuration of the second data serving gateway. The C / M function in the same BAS domain as the second data serving gateway is responsible for management of connectivity, as well as operations related to the second data serving gateway. For example, the step S1002A of configuration of the second data serving gateway includes, the first node determining the second data serving gateway based on the information for identifying the first connection; and the first node transmitting a message to a second node (C / M function) in the BAS domain where the second data serving gateway is located; then the another node configuring / enabling the second data serving gateway based on the received the message. As a result, the second data serving gateway removes the second forwarding rule.
[0541] In an implementation, the configuration of the second data serving gateway can include: the first node transmitting a message to the second data serving gateway. Correspondingly, the second data serving gateway receives the message from the first node, removes the second forwarding rule based on the received message. The message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection between the device and the third node from the second data serving gateway. In the case where the first node and the second data serving gateway are in different BAS domains, the message may be transmitted from the first node to the second node which manages connectivity and operations related to the second data serving gateway. The second node then transmits a message to the second data serving gateway. This message may be the same as or similar to the message received by the second node from the first node. By transmitting the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0542] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway includes information for identifying the first connection. For example, the information for identifying the first connection is an ID of the first connection. By including the information for identifying the first connection, the second data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0543] In an implementation, the message from the first node to the second data serving gateway further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) ; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) ; information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) ; and information for identifying the data session corresponding to the first connection (e.g. an ID of the data session) .
[0544] Inclusion of the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway enables the second data serving gateway to identify the device and the first data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the second data serving gateway ensures the reliability of message transmission to the second data serving gateway.
[0545] In an implementation, the first removal request further includes the information for identifying the data session. There may exist a plurality of data sessions between the device and the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the first removal request enables the first node to determine the data session efficiently.
[0546] In an implementation, the method further includes the first node locally updating information related to the removal of the second forwarding rule. For example, the mapping among the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the device, the information for identifying the first data serving gateway, and the information for identifying the second data serving gateway can be removed. In this way, utilization efficiency can be improved by reducing unnecessary data processing and storage.
[0547] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0548] In an implementation, the reception of step S1001A and the configuration of the step S1002 constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as third removal service herein) provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The first node is configured to perform the action including the reception and the configuration, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0549] In an implementation, the third removal request can identify the action. For example, the third removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the second data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the second data serving gateway receives the third removal request which includes the ID of the action, the second data serving gateway has the knowledge that the third removal request includes a request to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0550] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0551] In an implementation of the present disclosure, in a case where the action “removal of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” is implemented by calling the serving Data-TW-GW (which is also referred to as second data serving gateway below) , the present disclosure provides a method applied to the second data serving gateway to implement the action. FIG. 10B shows a schematic flowchart of a method to remove a second forwarding rule of a data NC connection according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The flowchart is representative of the execution of the action by the second data serving gateway. For the detailed definitions of the first data serving gateway, the second data serving gateway, the first node, the second node, the third node, the first connection, the data session and the second forwarding rule, reference may be made to related description with reference to FIG. 7A and FIG. 9A. The method illustrated in FIG. 10B is applied at the second data serving gateway and includes the following steps.
[0552] At step S1001B, the method includes receiving a fourth removal request from a second node.
[0553] At step S1002B, the method includes, in response to receiving the fourth removal request, removing a second forwarding rule.
[0554] The fourth removal request includes a request to remove the second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. For example, the information for identifying the first connection is an ID of the first connection. By including the information for identifying the first connection, the second data serving gateway can quickly identify the connection whose forwarding rule needs to be removed.
[0555] In an implementation, the fourth removal request includes information for identifying the first connection. Based on the information for identifying the first connection in the fourth removal request, the first node can determine the second data serving gateway, which enables the first node to identify for which data serving gateway the second forwarding rule should be removed.
[0556] In an implementation, the fourth removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device (e.g. an ID of the device) ; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected (e.g. an ID of the first data serving gateway) ; information for identifying the second data serving gateway (e.g. an ID of the second data serving gateway) ; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection (e.g. an ID of the data session) .
[0557] Inclusion of the information for identifying the device and the information for identifying the first data serving gateway enables the second data serving gateway to identify the device and the first data serving gateway more efficiently. Inclusion of the information for identifying the second data serving gateway ensures the reliability of removal request transmission to the second data serving gateway. Inclusion of the information for identifying the data session in the first removal request enables the first node to determine the data session efficiently.
[0558] In an implementation, the fourth removal request further includes information for identifying the device (e.g., an ID of the device) . Inclusion of the information of the device enables the first node to identify the device associated with the first connection.
[0559] Upon receiving the fourth removal request, the first node can effectively remove the second forwarding rule when the first connection is de-activated, thereby saving the network overhead.
[0560] In an implementation, for execution of the method (prior to execution of step S1001B) by the second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated. That is, the device has removed the information related to the first connection between the device and the third node.
[0561] In an implementation, the reception of step S1001B and the removal of the step S1002B constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service (which is also referred to as fourth removal service herein) provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node or other NCs. In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services. The second data serving gateway is configured to perform the action including the reception and the removal, so as to improve the efficiency of removal of the second forwarding rule and realize the automation of removal of the second forwarding rule.
[0562] In an implementation, the fourth removal request can identify the ID of the action. For example, the fourth removal request further includes information for identifying the action, e.g., an ID of the action, and the second data serving gateway is triggered to perform the action based on the ID of the action. When the second data serving gateway receives the fourth removal request which includes the ID of the action, the second data serving gateway has the knowledge that the fourth removal request includes a request to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection. For the implementation details of ID of the action, reference can be made to the related description with respect to FIG. 7A. By including the identification information for the action in the request, the second data serving gateway can correctly perform the action identified in the request.
[0563] In an implementation, the method further includes: the second data serving gateway transmitting a response message. The response message is configured to report the removal of the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The response message may be transmitted to a C / M function in a BAS domain where the second data serving gateway is located. When the second data serving gateway is in the same BAS domain as the aforementioned first node, the response message can be transmitted to the first node. When the second data serving gateway is not in the same BAS domain as the first node, the response message can be transmitted to a C / M function of the BAS domain in which the second data serving gateway is located, and this C / M function then forwards the response message to the first node. In an implementation, the response message can include at least one of the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the device, the information for identifying the first data serving gateway, the information for identifying the second data serving gateway and the information for identifying the data session.
[0564] In an implementation, after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0565] For the action, “removal of the second forwarding rule” performed by either the first node or the second data serving gateway, the NCDL of the action includes the following: Name of the action: Removal of the second forwarding rule; Pre-condition of the action: The first connection has been de-activated; Post-condition of the action: The second forwarding rule has been removed (no-established) at the second data serving gateway; One or more parameters related to the action: Input parameters such as the information for identifying the first connection, the information for identifying the device, the information for identifying the first data serving gateway, the information for identifying the second data serving gateway, and the information for identifying the data session.
[0566] The following is an example NCDL of the action “removal of second forwarding rule” at the second data serving gateway, which could be implemented by calling the first node or the second data serving gateway.
[0567] Name of the action: Removal of forwarding rule at a serving Data-TW-GW (which is a specific example of aforementioned second data serving gateway) .
[0568] Purpose of the action: The purpose of this action is for the serving Data-TW-GW of a device to remove an existing forwarding rule (i.e., second forwarding rule) for a data NC connection (which is a specific example of aforementioned first connection) .
[0569] Pre-condition of the action: The data NC connection has been de-activated.
[0570] Post-condition of the action: The forwarding rule for the data NC connection has been removed (no-established) at the serving Data-TW-GW.
[0571] Table 4 shows parameters related to the NCDL of the action “removal of forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW”. Table 4
[0572] The parameters shown in Table 4 represent different capability dimensions for the action “removal of forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” . The capability dimensions can include input dimensions, in which the input dimensions are used to indicate required input information for the execution of the action. Definitions of the capability dimensions are as follows: -Device ID: ID of the device that is one end of the data NC connection. -DL connection ID (DL-CID) : ID of DL connection (i.e., ID of the data NC connection from the NC (entity) to the device) . -UL-CID: ID of connection (i.e., ID of the data NC connection from the device to the NC (entity) .
[0573] Use of this NCDL: -This NCDL may be subscribed to by the A-CAP and other NCs. -This action is called after the data NC connection has been de-activated. -This action can be called by the A-CAP directly or via a NET4CON C / M function (which is a specific example of the aforementioned first node) . The possible procedures for direct calling and indirect calling are respectively shown in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B. -After conducting the action, the serving Data-TW-GW removed the forwarding rule related to the NC (entity) ID and CIDs. -The NET4CON C / M function updates its local cache.
[0574] FIG. 11 shows an example including an action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B, an action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” shown in FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B, and an action “mission execution status update” . In this example, the second node is an A-CAP, or other NCs in the C / M layer or Service layer shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 11, a few of the NET4CON actions that are involved in the procedure of FIG. 11 include: -Establishment of forwarding rule at an anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC for a data NC connection, that is, the aforementioned action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” . -Establishment of forwarding rule at a serving Data-TW-GW of a device for a data NC connection, that is, the aforementioned action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” . -Mission execution status update.
[0575] FIG. 11 shows the following steps.
[0576] Step 0, Before NET4CON-1 is called for the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW”, the NC (data NC) transmits an intention to the A-CAP or the other NC to establish a data NC connection between the device and the NC. Alternatively, the device may also transmit the intention of establishment of the data NC connection.
[0577] In addition, before NET4CON-1 is called for the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” , the information for identifying the data NC connection between the device and the NC has been assigned, and the anchor Data-TW-GW and the serving Data-TW-GW have been determined.
[0578] Step 1, NET4CON-1 (including its C / M function and one or more Data-TW-GWs) is called by the A-CAP or other NC to perform the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” .
[0579] When C / M function of NET4CON-1 is called in Step 1 to perform this action, the procedure may go to Step 2.2, in which NET4CON-1 configures / enables the anchor Data-TW-GW to establish the first forwarding rule. Before configuring the anchor Data-TW-GW, the C / M function of NET4CON-1 may also determine the anchor Data-TW-GW in Step 2.1. For example, the determination may be based on the information for identifying the data NC connection in the request from the A-CAP or other NC.
[0580] When the anchor Data-TW-GW of NET4CON-1 is called in Step 1 to perform this action, Step 2.1 and Step 2.2 may be replaced by the establishment of the first forwarding rule by the anchor Data-TW-GW.
[0581] Step 3, NET4CON-1 performs the action “mission execution status update” , so that the caller (A-CAP or other NC) can consequently get acknowledge of the execution status.
[0582] For the action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” , before NET4CON-2 is called for this action, the information for identifying the data NC connection between the device and the NC has been assigned, a data session has been established, and the anchor Data-TW-GW and the serving Data-TW-GW have been determined, FIG. 11 shows the following steps.
[0583] Step 4, NET4CON-2 (including its C / M function and one or more Data-TW-GWs) is called by an A-CAP or other NC via NET4CON-3 to perform the action “establishment of second forwarding rule” .
[0584] When C / M function of NET4CON-2 is called in Step 4 to perform this action, the procedure may go to Step 5.2, in which NET4CON-2 configures / enables the serving Data-TW-GW to establish the second forwarding rule. Before configuring the serving Data-TW-GW, the C / M function of NET4CON-2 may also determine the serving Data-TW-GW in Step 5.1. For example, the determination may be based on the information for identifying the data NC connection in the request from the A-CAP or other NC.
[0585] When the serving Data-TW-GW of NET4CON-2 is called in Step 4 to perform this action, Step 5.1 and Step 5.2 may be replaced by the establishment of second forwarding rule by the serving Data-TW-GW.
[0586] Step 6, NET4CON-2 performs the action “mission execution status update” , consequently, the caller (A-CAP or other NC) can get acknowledge of the execution status.
[0587] Sometimes A-CAP or other NC may not be able to directly communicate with the serving Data-TW-GW or C / M function of NET4CON-2, but it can communicate with another NET4CON. In this case, the A-CAP or other NC may call the action “establishment of second forwarding rule” with the help of another NET4CON. As shown in FIG. 11, NET4CON-3 is a specific example of another NET4CON which enables the A-CAP or another NC to communicate with NET4CON-2.
[0588] It should be noted that the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” and the action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” could be performed in any order, provided that their respective preset conditions are met.
[0589] After the first forwarding rule is established at the anchor Data-TW-GW and the second forwarding rule is established at the serving Data-TW-GW, the NC can perform the following steps.
[0590] Step 7. The NC is called by the A-CAP or other NC to perform an action “Activation of device NC connection” of the NC that has been subscribed to by the A-CAP or other NC. The device NC connection in this example is a data NC connection.
[0591] Step 8. The NC performs the action “Activation of device NC connection” to enable the device to establish a mapping related to the data NC connection. After the mapping is established at the device, the data NC connection is activated.
[0592] FIG. 12 shows an example including an action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” shown in FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B, an action “removal of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” shown in FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B, and an action “mission execution status update” . In this example, the second node is an A-CAP, or other NCs in the C / M layer shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 12, a few of the NET4CON actions that are involved in the procedure of FIG. 12 include: -Removal of forwarding rule at an anchor Data-TW-GW of an NC for a data NC connection, that is, the aforementioned action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” . -Removal of forwarding rule at a serving Data-TW-GW of a device for a data NC connection, that is, the aforementioned action “removal of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” . -Mission execution status update.
[0593] FIG. 12 shows the following steps.
[0594] As described above with reference to FIG. 11, after the first forwarding rule and the second forwarding rule are established, the data NC connection between the NC and the device would be activated. The activation is shown in FIG. 12 as “Execution of activation of device NC connection” . When the data NC connection is de-activated, NET4CON may perform following steps.
[0595] Before NET4CON-1 is called for the action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” , the data NC connection has been activated. The action of de-activation of the data NC connection is not shown in FIG. 12.
[0596] Step 1, NET4CON-1 (including its C / M function and one or more Data-TW-GWs) is called by the A-CAP or other NC to perform the action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” .
[0597] When C / M function of NET4CON-1 is called in Step 1 to perform this action, the procedure may go to Step 2.2, in which NET4CON-1 configures / enables the anchor Data-TW-GW to remove the first forwarding rule. Before configuring the anchor Data-TW-GW, the C / M function of NET4CON-1 may also determine the anchor Data-TW-GW in Step 2.1. For example, the determination may be based on the information for identifying the data NC connection in the request from the A-CAP or other NC.
[0598] When the anchor Data-TW-GW of NET4CON-1 is called in Step 1 to perform this action, Step 2.1 and Step 2.2 may be replaced by the removal of first forwarding rule by the anchor Data-TW-GW.
[0599] Step 3, NET4CON-1 performs the action “mission execution status update” , so that the caller (A-CAP or other NC) can consequently get acknowledge of the execution status.
[0600] Step 4, NET4CON-2 (including its C / M function and one or more Data-TW-GWs) is called by an A-CAP or other NC via NET4CON-3 to perform the action “removal of second forwarding rule” .
[0601] When C / M function of NET4CON-2 is called in Step 4 to perform this action, the procedure may go to Step 5.2, in which NET4CON-2 configures / enables the serving Data-TW-GW to remove the second forwarding rule. Before configuring the serving Data-TW-GW, the C / M function of NET4CON-2 may also determine the serving Data-TW-GW in Step 5.1. For example, the determination may be based on the information for identifying the data NC connection in the request from the A-CAP or other NC.
[0602] When the serving Data-TW-GW of NET4CON-2 is called in Step 4 to perform this action, Step 5.1 and Step 5.2 may be replaced by the removal of second forwarding rule by the serving Data-TW-GW.
[0603] Step 6, NET4CON-2 performs the action “mission execution status update” , consequently, the caller (A-CAP or other NC) can get acknowledge of the execution status.
[0604] Sometimes A-CAP or other NC may not be able to directly communicate with the serving Data-TW-GW or C / M function of NET4CON-2, but it can communicate with another NET4CON. In this case, the A-CAP or other NC may call the action “removal of second forwarding rule” with the help of another NET4CON. As shown in FIG. 12, NET4CON-3 is a specific example of another NET4CON which enables the A-CAP or another NC to communicate with NET4CON-2.
[0605] It should be noted that the action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” and the action “removal of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” could be performed in any order, provided that their respective preset conditions are met.
[0606] The above describes different actions which may be carried out in NET4CON, and these actions can be called automatically once their corresponding pre-conditions are met. FIG. 13 shows a schematic flowchart of an example method including the above actions of NET4CON service. As shown in FIG. 13, after information for identifying a data NC connection between a device and an NC has been assigned (shown in B1) , the NC has established a TLS connection with the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC, and the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC and the serving Data-TW-GW of the device are already known; then the action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” with reference to FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B can be called (shown in B2) . After the data NC connection has been de-activated (shown in B3) , the action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” with reference to FIG. 8A and FIG. 8B can be called (shown in B4) . Similarly, after information for identifying a data NC connection between a device and an NC has been assigned (shown in B1) , a data session has been established between the device and its serving Data-TW-GW, the anchor Data-TW-GW of the NC and the serving Data-TW-GW of the device are known, then the action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” with reference to FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B can be called (shown in B5) . After the data NC connection has been de-activated (shown in B3) , the action “removal of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” with reference to FIG. 10A and FIG. 10B can be called (shown in B6) . The action “establishment of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” and the action “establishment of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” could be performed in any order, provided that their respective preset conditions are met. The action “removal of first forwarding rule at the anchor Data-TW-GW” and the action “removal of second forwarding rule at the serving Data-TW-GW” could be performed in any order, provided that their respective preset conditions are met.
[0607] FIG. 14 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 14, the apparatus 1400 may include: a receiving module 1401 and a processing module 1402. The receiving module 1401 is configured to receive a first establishment request from a second node. The first establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 1402 is adapted to configure, in response to receiving the first establishment request, a first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule. The first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.
[0608] In an implementation, the first establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0609] In an implementation, the first establishment request further includes information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.
[0610] In an implementation, the apparatus 1400 further includes a transmitting module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a message to the first data serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first data serving gateway.
[0611] In an implementation, the message includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0612] In an implementation, the message further includes information about a type of the third node.
[0613] In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0614] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0615] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0616] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are known.
[0617] In an implementation, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0618] In an implementation, the first establishment request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0619] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services or a connectivity management (CM) service.
[0620] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0621] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 7A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0622] FIG. 15 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 15, the apparatus 1500 may include: a receiving module 1501 and a processing module 1502. The receiving module 1501 is configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the first data serving gateway. The processing module 1502 is configured to establish, in response to receiving the message, the first forwarding rule.
[0623] In an implementation, the message includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0624] In an implementation, the message further includes information about a type of the third node.
[0625] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0626] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 7A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0627] FIG. 16 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 16, the apparatus 1600 may include: a receiving module 1601 and a processing module 1602. The receiving module 1601 is configured to receive a second establishment request from a second node. The second establishment request includes a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 1602 is configured to establish, in response to receiving the second establishment request, the first forwarding rule.
[0628] In an implementation, the second establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the third node; and information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0629] In an implementation, the second establishment request further includes information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.
[0630] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the establishment steps to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are known.
[0631] In an implementation, the reception and the establishment constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0632] In an implementation, the second establishment request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0633] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0634] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the first forwarding rule is established by the first data serving gateway.
[0635] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 7B and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0636] FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17, the apparatus 1700 may include: a receiving module 1701 and a processing module 1702. The receiving module 1701 is configured to receive a first removal request from a second node. The first removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 1702 is adapted to configure, in response to receiving the first removal request, a first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule. The first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.
[0637] In an implementation, the first removal request includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0638] In an implementation, the first removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0639] In an implementation, the apparatus 1700 further includes a transmitting module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a message to the first data serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection from the first data serving gateway.
[0640] In an implementation, the message includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0641] In an implementation, the message further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0642] In an implementation, the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.
[0643] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0644] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0645] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0646] In an implementation, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0647] In an implementation, the first removal request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0648] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0649] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0650] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 8A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0651] FIG. 18 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, the apparatus 1800 may include: a receiving module 1801 and a processing module 1802. The receiving module 1801 is configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the first data serving gateway. The processing module 1802 is configured to remove, in response to receiving the message, the first forwarding rule.
[0652] In an implementation, the message includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0653] In an implementation, the message further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0654] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the removal, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0655] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 8A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0656] FIG. 19 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, the apparatus 1900 may include: a receiving module 1901 and a processing module 1902. The receiving module 1901 is configured to receive a second removal request from a second node. The second removal request includes a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 1902 is configured to remove, in response to receiving the second removal request, the first forwarding rule.
[0657] In an implementation, the second removal request includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0658] In an implementation, the second removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the third node; information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; and information for identifying the first data serving gateway.
[0659] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the removal steps to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0660] In an implementation, the reception and the removal constitute an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0661] In an implementation, the second removal request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0662] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0663] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the removal, the first forwarding rule is removed from the first data serving gateway.
[0664] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 8B and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0665] FIG. 20 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 20, the apparatus 2000 may include: a receiving module 2001 and a processing module 2002. The receiving module 2001 is configured to receive a third establishment request from a second node. The third establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 2002 is adapted to configure, in response to receiving the third establishment request, a second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule. The second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.
[0666] In an implementation, the third establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0667] In an implementation, the third establishment request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and, information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0668] In an implementation, the apparatus 2000 further includes a transmitting module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a message to the second data serving gateway. The message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second data serving gateway.
[0669] In an implementation, the message includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0670] In an implementation, the message further includes one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0671] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0672] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0673] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0674] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are known.
[0675] In an implementation, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0676] In an implementation, the third establishment request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0677] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0678] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0679] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 9A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0680] FIG. 21 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 21, the apparatus 2100 may include: a receiving module 2101 and a processing module 2102. The receiving module 2101 is configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the second data serving gateway. The processing module 2102 is configured to establish, in response to receiving the message, the second forwarding rule.
[0681] In an implementation, the message includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0682] In an implementation, the message further includes one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0683] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0684] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 9A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0685] FIG. 22 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 22, the apparatus 2200 may include: a receiving module 2201 and a processing module 2202. The receiving module 2201 is configured to receive a fourth establishment request from a second node. The fourth establishment request includes a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 2202 is configured to establish, in response to receiving the fourth establishment request, the second forwarding rule.
[0686] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request includes: information for identifying the first connection; information for identifying the device; and information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0687] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the second data serving gateway; information about a type of the third node; and, information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0688] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the establishment steps to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection is assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are known.
[0689] In an implementation, the reception and the establishment constitute an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0690] In an implementation, the fourth establishment request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0691] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0692] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the establishment, the second forwarding rule is established by the second data serving gateway.
[0693] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 9B and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0694] FIG. 23 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 23, the apparatus 2300 may include: a receiving module 2301 and a processing module 2302. The receiving module 2301 is configured to receive a third removal request from a second node. The third removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 2302 is adapted to configure, in response to receiving the third removal request, a second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule. The second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.
[0695] In an implementation, the third removal request includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0696] In an implementation, the third removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0697] In an implementation, the apparatus 2300 further includes a transmitting module. The transmitting module is configured to transmit a message to the second data serving gateway. The message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection from the second data serving gateway.
[0698] In an implementation, the message includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0699] In an implementation, the message further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.
[0700] In an implementation, the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.
[0701] In an implementation, the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.
[0702] In an implementation, the first connection includes a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.
[0703] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the configuration steps to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0704] In an implementation, the reception and the configuration constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0705] In an implementation, the third removal request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0706] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0707] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the configuration, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0708] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 10A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0709] FIG. 24 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 24, the apparatus 2400 may include: a receiving module 2401 and a processing module 2402. The receiving module 2401 is configured to receive a message from a first node. The message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the second data serving gateway. The processing module 2402 is configured to remove, in response to receiving the message, the second forwarding rule.
[0710] In an implementation, the message includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0711] In an implementation, the message further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0712] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the removal, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0713] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 10A and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0714] FIG. 25 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 25, the apparatus 2500 may include: a receiving module 2501 and a processing module 2502. The receiving module 2501 is configured to receive a fourth removal request from a second node. The fourth removal request includes a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node. The processing module 2502 is configured to remove, in response to receiving the fourth removal request, the second forwarding rule.
[0715] In an implementation, the fourth removal request includes information for identifying the first connection.
[0716] In an implementation, the fourth removal request further includes one or more of: information for identifying the device; information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected; information for identifying the second data serving gateway; and information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.
[0717] In an implementation, for execution of the reception and the removal steps to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection is de-activated.
[0718] In an implementation, the reception and the removal constitute an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway. The action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.
[0719] In an implementation, the fourth removal request further includes information for identifying the action.
[0720] In an implementation, the second node provides autonomous programming services.
[0721] In an implementation, after execution of the reception and the removal, the second forwarding rule is removed from the second data serving gateway.
[0722] It should be noted that the aforementioned apparatus provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps in the method embodiment shown in FIG. 10B and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between the apparatus embodiment and the method embodiment are not repeated here in detail.
[0723] FIG. 26 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to one or more implementations of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be a transmitting node or a receiving node. As shown in FIG. 26, the apparatus 2600 includes a processor 2601, an interface 2602 for communicating with other devices, a memory 2603 is coupled to the processor 2601. The memory 2603 may be stored with computer execution instructions, and the processor 2601 executes computer execution instructions stored in the memory 2603 to enable the apparatus to execute any of the above methods. In some implementations, the memory 2603 may be included or may not be included in the apparatus.
[0724] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus which includes a processor and a memory. The memory is storing instructions that cause the processor to perform any of the above methods.
[0725] It should be understood that the processor may be an integrated circuit chip and has a data processing capability. In an implementation process, steps of the foregoing method embodiments may be completed by using a hardware integrated logic circuit in the processor, or by using instructions in a form of software. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , a system on chip (SoC) or another programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic device, or a discrete hardware component. The processor may implement or perform the methods, the steps, and the logical block diagrams that are disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like. The steps of the methods disclosed with reference to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be directly performed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or may be performed and completed by using a combination of hardware in the decoding processor and a software module. The software module may be located in a mature storage medium in the art, such as a random-access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, or a register. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads information in the memory and completes the steps of the foregoing methods in combination with hardware in the processor.
[0726] It may be understood that the memory in the embodiments of the present disclosure may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both a volatile memory and a non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) , a programmable read-only memory (Programmable ROM, PROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM) , an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) , or a flash memory. The volatile memory may be a random-access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) and is used as an external cache. By way of example rather than limitation, many forms of RAMs may be used, and are, for example, a static random access memory (Static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (Dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM, SDRAM) , a double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (Double Data Rate SDRAM, DDR SDRAM) , an enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (Enhanced SDRAM, ESDRAM) , a synchronous link dynamic random access memory (Synchronous link DRAM, SLDRAM) , and a direct rambus random access memory (Direct Rambus RAM, DR RAM) .
[0727] It should be noted that the memory described in this specification includes but is not limited to these memories and could be a memory of any other appropriate type.
[0728] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a system, including apparatuses used to execute the steps in any of the above methods.
[0729] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computing device cluster, including a processing circuitry for performing any of the above methods.
[0730] FIG. 27 shows a schematic diagram of an architecture of a computing device cluster according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. The computing device cluster includes at least one computing device. The computing device can be a server, such as a central server, an edge server, or a local server in a local data center. In some embodiments, the computing device can also be a terminal device such as a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a smartphone.
[0731] As shown in FIG. 27, the cluster of computing devices described includes at least one computing device 2700. As shown in FIG. 27, for each of the at least one computing device 2700, it includes a processor 2702, an interface 2704 and optional a memory 2706, where the processor 2702, the interface 2704 and the memory 2706 may be connected through a bus 2708. The memory 2706 in one or more of the computing devices 2700 in the cluster of computing devices can hold the same instructions, so that the processor 2702 executes the instructions to execute the method described in the above embodiments.
[0732] In some possible implementations, some of the instructions for performing the method described in the above embodiments can also be separately held in the memory 2706 of the one or more computing devices 2700 in the cluster of computing devices. In other words, a combination of the one or more computing devices 2700 can jointly execute instructions for performing the method described in the above embodiments.
[0733] It is noted that the memories 2706 in the different computing devices 2700 in the cluster of computing devices can store different instructions for performing some of the functions of the computing devices 2700, respectively.
[0734] In some possible implementations, one or more computing devices in a cluster of computing devices can be connected via a network. Among other things, the network can be a wide area network or a local area network, etc. FIG. 28 illustrates one possible implementation. FIG. 28 shows a schematic diagram of a connection between computing devices 2800A and 2800B over a network according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 28, the computing device 2800A includes a processor 2802A, an interface 2804A and optional a memory 2806A, where the processor 2802A, the interface 2804A and the memory 2806A may be connected through a bus 2808A; the computing device 2800B includes a processor 2802B, an interface 2804B and optional a memory 2806B, where the processor 2802B, the interface 2804B and the memory 2806B may be connected through a bus 2808B. The memory 2806A and the memory 2806B may be stored with computer execution instructions, and the processor 2802A and the processor 2802B execute computer execution instructions stored in the memory 2806A and the memory 2806B to enable the computing devices 2800A and 2800B to execute any of the above methods. The two computing devices 2800A and 2800B are connected to each other via a network. Specifically, the connection to said network is made through a communication interface in each computing device. In this class of possible implementations, the memory 2806A in the computing device 2800A holds instructions for performing a part of the method described in the above embodiments. At the same time, the memory 2806B in the computing device 2800B holds instructions for performing other part (s) of the method described in the above embodiments.
[0735] The functions of computing device 2800A illustrated in FIG. 28 can also be accomplished by multiple computing devices. Similarly, the functions of computing device 2800B can be accomplished by multiple computing devices.
[0736] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0737] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program including computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0738] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute any of the above methods.
[0739] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a chip, including an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, where the processor is configured to call and run computer execution instructions stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to execute any of the above methods.
[0740] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0741] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of the various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0742] Although the present disclosure describes methods and processes with steps in a certain order, one or more steps of the methods and processes may be omitted or altered as appropriate. One or more steps may take place in an order other than that in which they are described, as appropriate.
[0743] Note that the expression “at least one of A or B” , as used herein, is interchangeable with the expression “A and / or B” . It refers to a list in which you may select A or B or both A and B. Similarly, “at least one of A, B, or C” , as used herein, is interchangeable with “A and / or B and / or C” or “A, B, and / or C” . It refers to a list in which you may select: A or B or C, or both A and B, or both A and C, or both B and C, or all of A, B and C. The same principle applies for longer lists having a same format.
[0744] Although the present disclosure is described, at least in part, in terms of methods, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the present disclosure is also directed to the various components for performing at least some of the aspects and features of the described methods, be it by way of hardware components, software or any combination of the two. Accordingly, the technical solution of the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of a software product. A suitable software product may be stored in a pre-recorded storage device or other similar non-volatile or non-transitory computer readable medium, including DVDs, CD-ROMs, USB flash disk, a removable hard disk, or other storage media, for example. The software product includes instructions tangibly stored thereon that enable a processing device (e.g., a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute examples of the methods disclosed herein. The machine-executable instructions may be in the form of code sequences, configuration information, or other data, which, when executed, cause a machine (e.g., a processor or other processing device) to perform steps in a method according to examples of the present disclosure.
[0745] The present disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the subject matter of the claims. The described example implementations are to be considered in all respects as being only illustrative and not restrictive. Selected features from one or more of the above-described implementations may be combined to create alternative implementations not explicitly described, features suitable for such combinations being understood within the scope of this disclosure.
[0746] All values and sub-ranges within disclosed ranges are also disclosed. Also, although the systems, devices and processes disclosed and shown herein may include a specific number of elements / components, the systems, devices and assemblies could be modified to include additional or fewer of such elements / components. For example, although any of the elements / components disclosed may be referenced as being singular, the implementations disclosed herein could be modified to include a plurality of such elements / components. The subject matter described herein intends to cover and embrace all suitable changes in technology.
[0747] Although implementations have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, those of skill in the art will appreciate that variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope thereof as defined by the appended claims.
Claims
1.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a first establishment request from a second node, wherein the first establishment request comprises a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the first establishment request, configuring a first data serving gateway to establish the first forwarding rule, wherein the first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.2.The method according to claim 1, wherein the first establishment request comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the third node; andinformation for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.3.The method according to claim 2, wherein the first establishment request further comprises information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.4.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein configuring the first data serving gateway comprises:transmitting a message to the first data serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to establish the first forwarding rule for the first connection at the first data serving gateway.5.The method according to claim 4, wherein the message comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the third node; andinformation for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.6.The method according to claim 5, wherein the message further comprises information about a type of the third node.7.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.8.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.9.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the first connection comprises a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.10.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are already known.11.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.12.The method according to claim 11, wherein the first establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.13.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.14.The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established by the first data serving gateway.15.A method applied to a first data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the first data serving gateway; andin response to receiving the message, establishing the first forwarding rule.16.The method according to claim 15, wherein the message comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the third node; andinformation for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.17.The method according to claim 16, wherein the message further comprises information about a type of the third node.18.The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established by the first data serving gateway.19.A method applied to a first data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a second establishment request from a second node, wherein the second establishment request comprises a request to establish a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the second establishment request, establishing the first forwarding rule.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the second establishment request comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the third node; andinformation for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.21.The method according to claim 20, wherein the second establishment request further comprises information for identifying the first data serving gateway and / or information about a type of the third node.22.The method according to any one of claims 19 to 21, wherein for execution of the method to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, and the first data serving gateway and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected are already known.23.The method according to any one of claims 19 to 22, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the second establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.25.The method according to any one of claims 19 to 24, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.26.The method according to any one of claims 19 to 25, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been established by the first data serving gateway.27.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a first removal request from a second node, wherein the first removal request comprises a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the first removal request, configuring a first data serving gateway to remove the first forwarding rule, wherein the first data serving gateway is connected to the third node on a data plane.28.The method according to claim 27, wherein the first removal request comprises information for identifying the first connection.29.The method according to claim 28, wherein the first removal request further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the third node;information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; andinformation for identifying the first data serving gateway.30.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 29, wherein configuring the first data serving gateway comprises:transmitting a message to the first data serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to remove the first forwarding rule for the first connection from the first data serving gateway.31.The method according to claim 30, wherein the message comprises information for identifying the first connection.32.The method according to clam 31, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the third node;information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; andinformation for identifying the first data serving gateway.33.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 32, wherein the first forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the third node and a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected.34.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 33, wherein the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.35.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 34, wherein the first connection comprises a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.36.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 35, wherein for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.37.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 36, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections and the action is subscribed to by the second node.38.The method according to claim 37, wherein the first removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.39.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 38, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.40.The method according to any one of claims 27 to 39, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed from the first data serving gateway.41.A method applied to a first data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the first data serving gateway; andin response to receiving the message, removing the first forwarding rule.42.The method according to claim 41, wherein the message comprises information for identifying the first connection.43.The method according to claim 41 or 42, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the third node;information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; andinformation for identifying the first data serving gateway.44.The method according to any one of claims 41 to 43, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed from the first data serving gateway.45.A method applied to a first data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a second removal request from a second node, wherein the second removal request comprises a request to remove a first forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the second removal request, removing the first forwarding rule.46.The method according to claim 45, wherein the second removal request comprises information for identifying the first connection.47.The method according to claim 46, wherein the second removal request further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the third node;information for identifying a second data serving gateway to which the device is connected; andinformation for identifying the first data serving gateway.48.The method according to any one of claims 45 to 47, wherein for execution of the method to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.49.The method according to any one of claims 45 to 48, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the first forwarding rule at the first data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.50.The method according to claim 49, wherein the second removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.51.The method according to any one of claims 45 to 50, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.52.The method according to any one of claims 45 to 51, wherein after execution of the method, the first forwarding rule has been removed from the first data serving gateway.53.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a third establishment request from a second node, wherein the third establishment request comprises a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the third establishment request, configuring a second data serving gateway to establish the second forwarding rule, wherein the second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.54.The method according to claim 53, wherein the third establishment request comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the device; andinformation for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.55.The method according to claim 54, wherein the third establishment request further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the second data serving gateway;information about a type of the third node; and,information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.56.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 55, wherein configuring the second data serving gateway comprises:transmitting a message to the second data serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to establish the second forwarding rule for the first connection at the second data serving gateway.57.The method according to claim 56, wherein the message comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the device; andinformation for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.58.The method according to claim 57, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the second data serving gateway;information about a type of the third node; andinformation for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.59.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 58, wherein the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.60.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 59, wherein the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.61.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 60, wherein the first connection comprises a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.62.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 61, wherein for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.63.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 62, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.64.The method according to claim 63, wherein the third establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.65.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 64, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.66.The method according to any one of claims 53 to 65, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established by the second data serving gateway.67.A method applied to a second data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node at the second data serving gateway; andin response to receiving the message, establishing the second forwarding rule.68.The method according to claim 67, wherein the message comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the device; andinformation for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.69.The method according to claim 67 or 68, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the second data serving gateway;information about a type of the third node; andinformation for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.70.The method according to any one of claims 67 to 69, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established by the second data serving gateway.71.A method applied to a second data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a fourth establishment request from a second node, wherein the fourth establishment request comprises a request to establish a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the fourth establishment request, establishing the second forwarding rule.72.The method according to claim 71, wherein the fourth establishment request comprises:information for identifying the first connection;information for identifying the device; andinformation for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.73.The method according to claim 72, wherein the fourth establishment request further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the second data serving gateway;information about a type of the third node; and,information for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.74.The method according to any one of claims 71 to 73, wherein for execution of the method to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, information for identifying the first connection has been assigned, a data session is established between the device and the second data serving gateway, and the second data serving gateway and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected are already known.75.The method according to any one of claims 71 to 74, wherein the method constitutes an action to establish the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.76.The method according to claim 75, wherein the fourth establishment request further comprises information for identifying the action.77.The method according to any one of claims 71 to 76, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.78.The method according to any one of claims 71 to 77, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been established by the second data serving gateway.79.A method applied to a first node for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a third removal request from a second node, wherein the third removal request comprises a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the third removal request, configuring a second data serving gateway to remove the second forwarding rule, wherein the second data serving gateway is connected to the device on a data plane.80.The method according to claim 79, wherein the third removal request comprises information for identifying the first connection.81.The method according to claim 80, wherein the third removal request further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the device;information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected;information for identifying the second data serving gateway; andinformation for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.82.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 81, wherein configuring the second data serving gateway comprises:transmitting a message to the second data serving gateway, wherein the message is configured to remove the second forwarding rule for the first connection from the second data serving gateway.83.The method according to claim 82, wherein the message comprises information for identifying the first connection.84.The method according to claim 83, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the device;information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected;information for identifying the second data serving gateway; andinformation for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on the data plane.85.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 84, wherein the second forwarding rule is configured to enable exchanging communication between the device and a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected.86.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 85, wherein the first connection enables communication between the device and the third node on the data plane.87.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 86, wherein the first connection comprises a first uplink connection from the device to the third node or a first downlink connection from the third node to the device.88.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 87, wherein for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.89.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 88, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the first node for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.90.The method according to claim 89, wherein the third removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.91.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 90, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.92.The method according to any one of claims 79 to 91, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed from the second data serving gateway.93.A method applied to a second data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a message from a first node, wherein the message is configured to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node from the second data serving gateway; andin response to receiving the message, removing the second forwarding rule.94.The method according to claim 93, wherein the message comprises information for identifying the first connection.95.The method according to claim 93 or 94, wherein the message further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the device;information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected;information for identifying the second data serving gateway; andinformation for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.96.The method according to any one of claims 93 to 95, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed from the second data serving gateway.97.A method applied to a second data serving gateway for managing network connections, comprising:receiving a fourth removal request from a second node, wherein the fourth removal request comprises a request to remove a second forwarding rule for a first connection between a device and a third node; andin response to receiving the fourth removal request, removing the second forwarding rule.98.The method according to claim 97, wherein the fourth removal request comprises information for identifying the first connection.99.The method according to claim 98, wherein the fourth removal request further comprises one or more of:information for identifying the device;information for identifying a first data serving gateway to which the third node is connected;information for identifying the second data serving gateway; andinformation for identifying a data session corresponding to the first connection, and the data session is a logical connection established between the device and the second data serving gateway on a data plane.100.The method according to any one of claims 97 to 99, wherein for execution of the method to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, the first connection has been de-activated.101.The method according to any one of claims 97 to 100, wherein the method constitutes an action to remove the second forwarding rule at the second data serving gateway, wherein the action is executed as part of a service provided by the second data serving gateway for managing network connections, and the action is subscribed to by the second node.102.The method according to claim 101, wherein the fourth removal request further comprises information for identifying the action.103.The method according to any one of claims 97 to 102, wherein the second node provides autonomous programming services.104.The method according to any one of claims 97 to 103, wherein after execution of the method, the second forwarding rule has been removed from the second data serving gateway.105.An apparatus configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, the method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, the method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, the method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, the method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, the method according to any one of claims 53 to 66, the method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, the method according to any one of claims 71 to 78, the method according to any one of claims 79 to 92, the method according to any one of claims 93 to 96, or the method according to any one of claims 97 to 104.106.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, the method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, the method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, the method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, the method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, the method according to any one of claims 53 to 66, the method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, the method according to any one of claims 71 to 78, the method according to any one of claims 79 to 92, the method according to any one of claims 93 to 96, or the method according to any one of claims 97 to 104.107.A computer program product comprising program code for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, the method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, the method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, the method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, the method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, the method according to any one of claims 53 to 66, the method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, the method according to any one of claims 71 to 78, the method according to any one of claims 79 to 92, the method according to any one of claims 93 to 96, or the method according to any one of claims 97 to 104.108.A computer program comprising computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, the method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, the method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, the method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, the method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, the method according to any one of claims 53 to 66, the method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, the method according to any one of claims 71 to 78, the method according to any one of claims 79 to 92, the method according to any one of claims 93 to 96, or the method according to any one of claims 97 to 104.109.A computer-readable medium storing computer execution instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to execute the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, the method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, the method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, the method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, the method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, the method according to any one of claims 53 to 66, the method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, the method according to any one of claims 71 to 78, the method according to any one of claims 79 to 92, the method according to any one of claims 93 to 96, or the method according to any one of claims 97 to 104.110.A chip comprising an input / output (I / O) interface and a processor, wherein the processor is configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to enable a device installing with the chip to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14, the method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, the method according to any one of claims 19 to 26, the method according to any one of claims 27 to 40, the method according to any one of claims 41 to 44, the method according to any one of claims 45 to 52, the method according to any one of claims 53 to 66, the method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, the method according to any one of claims 71 to 78, the method according to any one of claims 79 to 92, the method according to any one of claims 93 to 96, or the method according to any one of claims 97 to 104.