Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the embodiments of the present application are laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises a first glass pane, a second glass pane and an interlayer, wherein the first glass pane comprises a first glass body and a low-transmittance film layer, and the low-transmittance film layer is connected to the surface of the first glass body; the interlayer is connected between the first glass pane and the second glass pane; the visible light transmittance of the first glass pane is TL1, the visible light transmittance of the interlayer is TL2, and 6TL1≤TL2; and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL3, and TL3≤10%. The technical solution of the present application can reduce the cost of the laminated glass on the premise of reducing the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass, thus enabling the laminated glass to have a wide range of applications.

Description

Laminated glass and vehicle

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411691809.3, filed on November 25, 2024, and entitled "Laminated glass and vehicle", the whole content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the technical field of glass, in particular to a laminated glass and vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0003] At present, the vehicle window glass generally needs to reduce the transmittance of visible light to avoid the adverse consequences of glare and dizziness caused by sunlight entering the cabin through the roof. However, the cost of the vehicle window glass with low transmittance is high, which is not conducive to wide application. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a laminated glass and vehicle, which can reduce the cost of the laminated glass under the premise of reducing the transmittance of visible light of the laminated glass, so that the laminated glass can have wide application.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a laminated glass, comprising:

[0006] a first glass plate, comprising a first glass body and a low-transmittance film layer, the low-transmittance film layer being connected to the surface of the first glass body;

[0007] a second glass plate; and

[0008] an intermediate layer connected between the first glass plate and the second glass plate;

[0009] The transmittance of visible light of the first glass plate is TL1, the transmittance of visible light of the intermediate layer is TL2, 6TL1≤TL2, the transmittance of visible light of the laminated glass is TL3, TL3≤10%.

[0010] In the present embodiment, the low-transmittance film layer can reduce the transmittance of visible light by absorbing visible light and the like, thereby reducing the amount of light entering the vehicle, so as to ensure that the temperature in the vehicle does not rise rapidly, thereby improving the comfort of the driver and passengers.

[0011] Since the low-transmittance film layer can reduce the overall transmittance of visible light of the laminated glass, the laminated glass does not need to be provided with an intermediate layer with low transmittance. Since the intermediate layer with low transmittance generally has high production cost and high production difficulty, the laminated glass provided by the embodiments of the present application can reduce the production cost of the laminated glass under the condition of reducing the transmittance of visible light.

[0012] In addition, since the laminated glass provided by the embodiment of the present application does not need to use a low-transmittance intermediate layer such as a gray film, the haze of the laminated glass will not be affected by the gray film. Reducing the haze of the laminated glass can make the view of the passengers from the laminated glass to the outside world clearer, thereby providing a better riding experience for the passengers.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate is less than or equal to 14%.

[0014] In a possible implementation, the visible light reflectance of the first glass plate ranges from 7% to 30%.

[0015] In a possible implementation, the haze of the laminated glass is less than or equal to 4.5%.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the visible light transmittance of the first glass body is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the total energy transmittance TTS of the laminated glass is less than or equal to 22.5%.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the low-transmittance film layer includes at least two light-absorbing layers and a high-refractive-index layer arranged between the two light-absorbing layers, the material of the light-absorbing layer is selected from at least one of W, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Si, Zr, and the refractive index of the high-refractive-index layer at a light ray with a wavelength of 550 nm is greater than or equal to 1.8.

[0019] In a possible implementation, the refractive index of the high-refractive-index layer at a light ray with a wavelength of 550 nm is greater than or equal to 2, or greater than or equal to 2.3, or greater than or equal to 2.5, or greater than or equal to 2.8, or greater than or equal to 3.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the material of the high-refractive-index layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or is selected from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or oxynitrides and mixtures thereof.

[0021] In a possible implementation, the physical thickness of the low-transmittance film layer is 60 nm to 500 nm, or 70 nm to 400 nm, or 70 nm to 350 nm.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the physical thickness of the high-refractive-index layer is 60 nm to 100 nm, or 70 nm to 90 nm, or 60 nm to 80 nm.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmission film layer is greater than or equal to 10 nm, or greater than or equal to 20 nm, or greater than or equal to 25 nm; and / or, the total physical thickness of the light absorbing layer in the low-transmission film layer is less than or equal to 300 nm, or less than or equal to 150 nm, or less than or equal to 80 nm, or less than or equal to 50 nm.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the physical thickness of one of the light absorbing layers is greater than or equal to 5 nm, or greater than or equal to 10 nm, or greater than or equal to 15 nm; and / or, the physical thickness of one of the light absorbing layers is less than or equal to 150 nm, or less than or equal to 100 nm, or less than or equal to 50 nm.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the second glass sheet includes a second glass body and a low-emissivity film layer, one side of the second glass body is connected with the interlayer, the other side of the second glass body is connected with the low-emissivity film layer, and the emissivity e of the second glass sheet is less than or equal to 0.3.

[0026] In this embodiment, the low-emissivity film layer of the laminated glass can maintain the temperature in the vehicle by reducing radiation. The low-emissivity film layer can reduce the radiation of light from outside the vehicle, thereby avoiding the environment outside the vehicle from increasing the temperature in the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer can also reduce the radiation of light from inside the vehicle on the surface of the laminated glass, thereby avoiding a large amount of heat from flowing out of the vehicle, which can cause the temperature in the vehicle to decrease. The low-emissivity film layer can also avoid dizziness of the occupants caused by a large amount of light reflection on the surface of the laminated glass facing the inside of the vehicle.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the visible light transmittance of the second glass sheet is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0028] In one possible implementation, the visible light transmittance of the second glass sheet ranges from 25% to 94%.

[0029] In one possible implementation, the laminated glass further includes a heat insulation film layer, the heat insulation film layer is connected between the first glass body and the low-transmission film layer, and the energy reflectance RE of the laminated structure formed by the heat insulation film layer and the first glass body is greater than or equal to 28%.

[0030] In one possible implementation, the heat insulation film layer is connected between the second glass sheet and the interlayer, and the energy reflectance RE of the laminated structure formed by the heat insulation film layer and the second glass sheet is greater than or equal to 28%.

[0031] In the embodiment, the heat insulation film layer can reflect sunlight, reduce the amount of sunlight entering the vehicle, thereby reducing the transmittance of visible light and infrared light, and significantly reducing the temperature in the vehicle, improving the comfort of the driver and passengers. In addition to reflecting light, the heat insulation film layer can also reduce heat conduction. This means that the heat insulation film layer can reduce the speed of the external temperature of the vehicle conducting into the vehicle through the laminated glass, further reducing the heat accumulation in the vehicle and keeping the vehicle cool.

[0032] In a possible implementation, the visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer is ≥ 40%.

[0033] In a second aspect, the application provides a vehicle, comprising a vehicle body and a laminated glass as described above, wherein the laminated glass is connected to the vehicle body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0034] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor.

[0035] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0036] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 1;

[0037] FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the intermediate layer shown in FIG. 2;

[0038] FIG. 4 is another schematic structural diagram of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 1;

[0039] FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the low-transmission film layer shown in FIG. 4;

[0040] FIG. 6 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 1;

[0041] FIG. 7 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 1;

[0042] FIG. 8 is another schematic cross-sectional view of the laminated glass shown in FIG. 1.

[0043] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 100 according to an embodiment of the present application. The vehicle 100 comprises a vehicle body 10 and a laminated glass 20. The laminated glass 20 is connected to the vehicle body 10. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] For the convenience of understanding, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are first explained.

[0045] And / or: only a description of the associated relationship between the associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B, which can represent the three cases of the existence of A alone, the existence of A and B, and the existence of B alone.

[0046] Multiple: refers to two or more than two.

[0047] Connection: should be understood broadly, for example, A and B are connected, which can be that A and B are directly connected, or A and B are indirectly connected through an intermediate medium.

[0048] Visible light transmittance: the transmittance of light with a wavelength range of 380-780 nm.

[0049] Total energy transmittance: detected and calculated according to ISO 9050 standard.

[0050] Haze: detected and calculated according to ASTM D1003 standard.

[0051] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described clearly in combination with the drawings.

[0052] Please refer to Fig. 1, which is a structural schematic diagram of a vehicle 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The vehicle 100 comprises a vehicle body 10 and a laminated glass 20. The laminated glass 20 is connected to the vehicle body 10.

[0053] It should be noted that the purpose of Fig. 1 is only to schematically describe the connection relationship between the vehicle body 10 and the laminated glass 20, and not to specifically limit the connection position, specific structure and quantity of each device. The structure schematically shown in the embodiments of the present application does not constitute a specific limitation on the vehicle 100. In other embodiments of the present application, the vehicle 100 comprises more or fewer components than those shown in Fig. 1, or combines certain components, or splits certain components, or different component arrangements.

[0054] Currently, vehicle windows generally need to reduce the transmittance of visible light to prevent sunlight from entering the cabin through the roof and causing glare and dizziness. Currently, a gray film is typically used as the middle layer of laminated glass to reduce visible light transmittance. However, the high cost of producing gray films increases the overall cost of the windows. Furthermore, with increasingly larger vehicle windows and already high costs, the widespread adoption of gray film-coated windows is further hampered.

[0055] Based on this, please refer to Figure 2, which is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 shown in Figure 1. The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20 provided in this application embodiment is TL3, where TL3 ≤ 10%. The laminated glass 20 can reduce production costs while lowering visible light transmittance, thus enabling its wide range of applications.

[0056] Furthermore, the haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment is ≤4.5%. The total energy transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 20 is ≤22.5%. Further, the total energy transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 20 is ≤15%. Even further, the total energy transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass 20 is ≤13%.

[0057] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 20 has low haze, which allows passengers to have a clearer view of the outside environment when observing it through the laminated glass 20, thereby providing passengers with a better riding experience.

[0058] Additionally, TTS (Total Solar Energy) measures the proportion of total solar energy that passes through the laminated glass 20, including both direct transmission and indirect conversion (such as heat energy absorbed by the laminated glass 20 and then radiated). Lowering TTS means reducing the total energy of sunlight entering the vehicle interior, thereby significantly reducing the interior temperature. In hot summers, low-TTS laminated glass 20 effectively blocks external heat, reducing the burden on the air conditioning system, allowing the interior temperature to reach and remain within a comfortable range more quickly, and improving the passenger experience.

[0059] When laminated glass 20 is installed on a vehicle, it is preferably used as a composite sunroof glass. However, it is not limited to this; laminated glass 20 can also be used as a lift window or corner window, thus providing more display application scenarios for the vehicle.

[0060] The laminated glass 20 may include a first glass plate 21, a second glass plate 22, and an interlayer 23. Along the thickness direction of the laminated glass 20, the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22 are connected by the interlayer 23.

[0061] The intermediate layer 23 serves to bond the first glass plate 21 and the second glass plate 22. The intermediate layer 23 is a transparent film with a visible light transmittance TL2 ≥ 40%. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer 23 is ≥ 80%.

[0062] Intermediate layer 23 is sandwiched between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate. Intermediate layer 23 can be a thermoplastic intermediate layer. The material of intermediate layer 23 can be one or more of polycarbonate (PC), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR), and ionomer film (SGP).

[0063] For example, the intermediate layer 23 may also be composed of two or three transparent film layers spliced ​​together. The intermediate layer 23 may also contain an infrared absorber to provide heat absorption and light absorption functions. The thermoplastic intermediate layer may also contain at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation, or one of which is wedge-shaped to provide a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.

[0064] In one possible implementation, please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of one structure of the intermediate layer 23 shown in Figure 2. The intermediate layer 23 may include a first sublayer 231, a second sublayer 232, and a functional layer 233. The first sublayer 231 and the second sublayer 232 are located on opposite sides of the functional layer 233 in the thickness direction. The first sublayer 231 is connected to the first glass plate 21. The second sublayer 232 is connected to the second glass plate 22.

[0065] The materials of the first sub-layer 231 and the second sub-layer 232 can be the same as those of the intermediate layer 23. The functional layer 233 can be a structure with dimming function, such as polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) or electrochromic material (EC). Alternatively, the functional layer 233 can also have ambient lighting function or sound insulation function.

[0066] In one possible embodiment, the first glass panel 21 of the laminated glass 20 faces outwards from the vehicle. The second glass panel 22 of the laminated glass 20 faces inwards from the vehicle.

[0067] Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of another structure of the laminated glass 20 shown in Figure 1. The first glass plate 21 includes a first glass body 211 and a low-transparency film layer 212. The first glass body 211 and the low-transparency film layer 212 are stacked.

[0068] The first glass body 211 includes a first surface 2111 and a second surface 2112 disposed opposite to each other along the thickness direction. The first surface 2111 of the first glass body 211 faces outward from the vehicle. The second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211 faces inward from the vehicle.

[0069] The thickness of the first glass body 211 can be between 1.6 mm and 2.5 mm (including the endpoint values ​​of 1.6 mm and 2.5 mm), and the visible light transmittance of the first glass body 211 is ≥70%. Furthermore, the visible light transmittance of the first glass body 211 is ≥88%.

[0070] The first glass body 211 can be tempered glass. Tempered glass can be transparent low-iron glass (also known as ultra-clear glass), soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, or K glass, etc. Tempering the first glass body 211 increases its rigidity and reduces deformation. In practical use, this increased rigidity makes the first glass body 211 less susceptible to damage from external forces, allowing it to adapt to a wider range of applications. The first glass body 211 can also be semi-tempered glass. This combines the high strength of tempered glass with the disadvantage of fully tempered glass, which is prone to shattering upon breakage. When a semi-tempered first glass body 211 is broken, it tends to crack radially along the crack source, generally without tangential crack propagation, thus maintaining its integrity and preventing collapse after breakage.

[0071] The low-permeability film layer 212 can be prepared by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and is applied to the first glass plate 21 by high-temperature sintering.

[0072] The physical thickness of the low-permeability film layer 212 is 60nm to 500nm, or 70nm to 400nm, or 70nm to 350nm. Preferably, the physical thickness of the low-permeability film layer 212 is 100nm to 400nm, and more preferably, the physical thickness of the low-permeability film layer 212 is 200nm to 300nm.

[0073] The low-transmittance film layer 212 may include at least two light-absorbing layers, which can also be understood as visible light-absorbing layers, used to absorb visible light. The low-transmittance film layer 212 can block visible light from entering the vehicle interior by absorbing visible light, or control the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20.

[0074] The low-permeability film layer 212 further includes at least one dielectric layer. The material of the dielectric layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or oxynitrides and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include SiN and SiO2. The dielectric layer can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. Please refer to Figure 5, which is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the low-permeability film layer 212 shown in Figure 4. The low-permeability film layer 212 can be composed of two light-absorbing layers, one high-refractive-index layer, and two dielectric layers.

[0075] For example, it can be composed of "light-absorbing layer / high refractive index layer / light-absorbing layer". Alternatively, the low-transmittance film layer 212 can also include three light-absorbing layers and one high refractive index layer, for example, composed of "light-absorbing layer / high refractive index layer / light-absorbing layer / light-absorbing layer". Or, the low-transmittance film layer 212 can also include three light-absorbing layers and two high refractive index layers, for example, composed of "light-absorbing layer / high refractive index layer / light-absorbing layer / high refractive index layer / light-absorbing layer". It is understood that the low-transmittance film layer 212 can also be composed of four light-absorbing layers; or five light-absorbing layers, etc.

[0076] The total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer in the low-transparency film layer is ≥10nm, specifically, examples include 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 25nm, 30nm, 35nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, or 80nm, etc. The total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer can further be ≥20nm, and even further, ≥25nm. Furthermore, the total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer in the low-transparency film layer is ≤300nm, further ≤150nm, even further ≤80nm, or ≤50nm.

[0077] The physical thickness of one of the light-absorbing layers is ≥5nm, specifically for example, 5nm, 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 25nm, or 30nm, etc. The physical thickness of one of the light-absorbing layers can further be ≥10nm, and even further, the physical thickness of one of the light-absorbing layers is ≥15nm. Furthermore, the physical thickness of one of the light-absorbing layers is ≤150nm, further ≤100nm, and even further ≤50nm.

[0078] The material of the light-absorbing layer is selected from at least one of W, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Si, and Zr.

[0079] The physical thickness of the high refractive index layer is 60nm–100nm, or 70nm–90nm, or 60nm–80nm. The high refractive index layer has a refractive index ≥1.8 at a wavelength of 550nm, specifically for example, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, or 3.0, etc. Preferably, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index ≥2 at a wavelength of 550nm, more preferably, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index ≥2.3 at a wavelength of 550nm, and even more preferably, the high refractive index layer has a refractive index ≥2.5, ≥2.8, or ≥3 at a wavelength of 550nm.

[0080] The material of the high refractive index layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or nitrides and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include SiN, SiOx, ZnSnOx (zinc tin oxide), TiOx (titanium oxide), SiNx (silicon nitride), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), ZrOx (zirconia), NbOx (niobium oxide), etc.

[0081] For example, the low-transparency film layer 212 is composed of "a first dielectric layer 2121 / a first light-absorbing layer 2122 / a high-refractive-index layer 2123 / a second light-absorbing layer 2124 / a second dielectric layer 2125". The high-refractive-index layer 2123 can also be understood as an intermediate dielectric layer. The second dielectric layer 2125 is composed of a first dielectric sublayer 2126 and a second dielectric sublayer 2127 stacked together. Optionally, the physical thickness of the first dielectric layer 2121 is 20 nm to 45 nm, and the physical thickness of the second dielectric layer 2125 is 3 nm to 200 nm. The physical thickness of the first light-absorbing layer 2122 is 10 nm to 100 nm, and the physical thickness of the second light-absorbing layer 2124 is 10 nm to 100 nm. The dielectric layer can be a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure, for example, including at least two dielectric sublayers.

[0082] The material of the dielectric layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or nitrides and mixtures thereof. Specific examples include SiN, SiOx, ZnSnOx (zinc tin oxide), TiOx (titanium oxide), SiNx (silicon nitride), AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), ZrOx (zirconia), NbOx (niobium oxide), etc.

[0083] The ratio of the total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer to the total physical thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.2 to 1.8, specifically, such as 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, or 1.8. Preferably, the ratio of the total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer to the total physical thickness of the dielectric layer is 0.5 to 1.5. By optimizing the thickness of the low-transmittance film layer 212, the laminated glass 20 has a lower visible light transmittance TL1 and a lower light reflectance RL.

[0084] Specifically, a dielectric layer and a light-absorbing layer form a stacked structure, and the low-permeability film layer 212 includes at least two stacked structures. Optionally, the low-permeability film layer 212 includes 2 to 5 stacked structures. For example, the low-permeability film layer 212 may include 2, 3, 4, or 5 stacked structures.

[0085] In one possible implementation, the low-permeability film layer 212 comprises a six-layer sublayer structure (not shown). Along the thickness direction of the low-permeability film layer 212, the six sublayers are a 32 nm thick SiN layer, an 18 nm thick NiCr layer, a 78 nm thick SiN layer, a 17 nm thick NiCr layer, an 8 nm thick SiN layer, and a 20 nm thick SiO layer.

[0086] The low-transparency film layer 212 can be connected to the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211. This connection can be understood as a direct or indirect connection. That is, the low-transparency film layer 212 can directly contact the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211, or the low-transparency film layer 212 can be connected to the second surface 2112 through other film layer structures.

[0087] The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 21 is TL1. The visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate 21 is ≤14%. The visible light reflectance RL of the first glass plate 21 is in the range of 7%-30%. Further, the visible light reflectance RL of the first glass plate 21 is in the range of 12%-20%.

[0088] The visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate 21 and the visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer 23 in this embodiment satisfy the following relationship: 6TL1≤TL2. That is, the visible light transmittance of the first glass plate 21 is much smaller than the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer 23.

[0089] In one possible implementation, the second glass plate 22 is tinted glass. The second glass plate 22 can be green-tinted. The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 22 can range from 25% to 94%. The thickness of the second glass plate 22 can range from 0.7 mm to 2.5 mm (inclusive of the endpoints 0.7 mm and 2.5 mm).

[0090] In this embodiment, tinted glass can reduce the overall visible light transmittance of laminated glass 20, thereby preventing a large amount of sunlight from entering the vehicle through the roof and causing adverse consequences such as glare and dizziness for passengers and the driver.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 6, which is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 shown in Figure 1. The laminated glass 20 also includes a heat-insulating film layer 24, which can be connected between the first glass body 211 and the low-transparency film layer 212. The energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure of the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the first glass body 211 is ≥28%. Further, the energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure of the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the first glass body 211 is ≥40%.

[0092] The heat insulation film layer 24 may have a metal layer structure. The metal layer can reflect light, thereby preventing excessive light from entering the vehicle interior.

[0093] Specifically, the heat insulation film layer 24 may include metallic materials such as silver-based materials. In one possible embodiment, the heat insulation film layer 24 may include multiple sublayers. In a first embodiment, the heat insulation film layer 24 may include the following layers stacked sequentially: ZnSnOx with a thickness of 20 nm, AZO with a thickness of 10 nm, Ag with a thickness of 11 nm, TiO with a thickness of 8 nm, ZnSnOx with a thickness of 65 nm, AZO with a thickness of 10 nm, Ag with a thickness of 10 nm, TiOx with a thickness of 10 nm, AZO with a thickness of 12 nm, and SiN with a thickness of 20 nm.

[0094] In the second method, the heat insulation film layer 24 may include the following layers stacked sequentially: ZnSnOx with a thickness of 25 nm, AZO with a thickness of 10 nm, Ag with a thickness of 12.5 nm, TiO with a thickness of 7 nm, ZnSnOx with a thickness of 55 nm, AZO with a thickness of 15 nm, Ag with a thickness of 13.5 nm, TiOx with a thickness of 10 nm, ZnSnOx with a thickness of 53 nm, AZO with a thickness of 12 nm, Ag with a thickness of 11.5 nm, and TiO with a thickness of 11 nm.

[0095] In this embodiment, the heat insulation film layer 24 can be placed on the side of the low-permeability film layer 212 facing outwards, so that the heat insulation film layer 24 can directly reflect sunlight from outside the vehicle, thereby reducing the energy of light entering the vehicle. This allows the interior of the vehicle to maintain a comfortable temperature, thus providing a better riding experience for passengers and the driver.

[0096] In another possible implementation, please refer to Figure 7, which is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 shown in Figure 1. The second glass plate 22 includes a second glass body 221 and a low-emissivity film layer 222. One side of the second glass body 221 is connected to the intermediate layer 23, and the other side of the second glass body 221 is connected to the low-emissivity film layer 222. The emissivity e of the second glass plate 22 is ≤0.3. Further, the emissivity e of the second glass plate 22 is ≤0.25. Even further, the emissivity e of the second glass plate 22 is ≤0.2.

[0097] The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate 22 is greater than or equal to 70%. Further, the visible light transmittance of the second glass body 221 is ≥88%. The second glass body 221 can be made of inorganic glass and / or organic glass materials, such as soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, etc.

[0098] It is known that composite sunroof glass generally does not come with a sunshade. Therefore, in order to reduce in-vehicle reflection, low-emissivity films are usually designed with low visible light reflectivity to improve the dizziness of passengers caused by in-vehicle surface reflection.

[0099] In this embodiment, the heat-insulating film layer 24 reflects sunlight, reducing the amount of sunlight entering the vehicle and thus reducing the transmittance of visible light and infrared rays. This significantly lowers the temperature inside the vehicle, improving the comfort of the driver and passengers. In addition to reflecting light, the heat-insulating film layer 24 also reduces heat conduction. This means that the heat-insulating film layer 24 can reduce the rate at which external vehicle temperature is conducted to the interior through the laminated glass 20, further reducing heat accumulation inside the vehicle and keeping it cool.

[0100] The low-permeability membrane layer 212 can reduce the transmittance of visible light by absorbing visible light, thereby reducing the amount of light entering the vehicle and ensuring that the temperature inside the vehicle does not rise rapidly, thus improving the comfort of the driver and passengers.

[0101] Since the low-transmittance film layer 212 can reduce the overall visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20, the laminated glass 20 does not need to have a low-transmittance interlayer. Interlayers with low transmittance generally have higher production costs and are more difficult to manufacture. Therefore, the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment can reduce the production cost of the laminated glass 20 while reducing visible light transmittance.

[0102] Furthermore, since the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment does not require the use of a low-transmittance intermediate layer such as a gray film, the haze of the laminated glass 20 is not affected by the gray film. The haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment is ≤4.5%. Reducing the haze of the laminated glass 20 allows passengers to have a clearer view of the outside world from the laminated glass 20, thereby providing passengers with a better riding experience.

[0103] The low-emissivity film 222 of the laminated glass 20 can maintain the interior temperature by reducing radiation. The low-emissivity film 222 can reduce the radiation of outside light, thereby preventing the outside environment from raising the interior temperature. The low-emissivity film 222 can also reduce the radiation of interior light on the surface of the laminated glass 20, preventing excessive heat loss from the interior and thus preventing a drop in interior temperature. The low-emissivity film 222 can also prevent occupant glare caused by excessive reflection of light from the interior-facing surface of the laminated glass 20.

[0104] The optical performance of the laminated glass 20 was tested in this embodiment of the application, and the specific test results are shown in Table 1.

[0105] Table 1 shows the optical performance test results of the laminated glass 20 in Examples 1-4.

[0106] As shown in Table 1, the interlayer 23 of the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment is a transparent interlayer 23 with a high visible light transmittance TL2. The overall visible light transmittance TL1 of the low-transmittance film layer 212 and the glass body is at most 7.0%. In this embodiment, the TL1 / TL2 value is at most 0.083. The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 20 is less than 5.7%.

[0107] This application also studies the haze of the laminated glass 20 of Examples 1-4, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0108] Table 2 shows the haze test structures of the laminated glass 20 in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-4.

[0109] In the laminated glass examples described above, the intermediate layer uses a gray film with low visible light transmittance and high manufacturing cost. As can be seen from the table, the haze of the laminated glass in the comparative examples is higher than that of the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment. Therefore, the haze of the laminated glass 20 provided in this embodiment is lower than that of the laminated glass using the gray film. Low-haze window glass makes the vehicle appear brighter and more transparent, enhancing its aesthetics.

[0110] In some other possible embodiments, please refer to FIG8, which is another cross-sectional schematic diagram of the laminated glass 20 shown in FIG1. ​​The first glass plate 21 of the laminated glass 20 faces the interior of the vehicle, and the low-transparency film layer 212 may be attached to the second surface 2112 of the first glass body 211.

[0111] Unlike the previous embodiment, the low-emissivity film 222 can be located on the first surface 2111 of the first glass body 211. That is, the low-emissivity film 222 can be located on the surface of the first glass body 211 facing the interior of the vehicle. The heat-insulating film 24 of the laminated glass 20 can be located between the second glass plate 22 and the interlayer 23.

[0112] It should be noted that the laminated glass 20 in this embodiment may include a first glass body 211, a second glass body 221, an interlayer 23, a heat-insulating film layer 24, a low-transmittance film layer 212, and a low-emissivity film layer 222. The first glass body 211, the interlayer 23, and the second glass body 221 are stacked. The first glass body 211 may face outwards from the vehicle, and the second glass body 221 may face inwards from the vehicle. Alternatively, the first glass body 211 may face inwards from the vehicle, and the second glass body 221 may face outwards from the vehicle.

[0113] The heat insulation film layer 24 can be located between the first glass body 211 and the intermediate layer 23. Alternatively, the heat insulation film layer 24 can be located between the second glass body 221 and the intermediate layer 23.

[0114] The low-transparency coating layer 212 may be located between the first glass body 211 and the intermediate layer 23. Alternatively, the low-transparency coating layer 212 may be located between the second glass body 221 and the intermediate layer 23. Or, the low-transparency coating layer 212 may be located on the side of the second glass body 221 facing away from the intermediate layer 23. The low-transparency coating layer 212 may be located on the side of the heat insulation film layer 24 facing the interior of the vehicle. The low-emissivity film layer 222 is located on the side of the second glass body 221 facing the interior of the vehicle.

[0115] In this embodiment, both the low-transparency film layer 212 and the heat-insulating film layer 24 are located between the first glass body 211 and the intermediate layer 23. Alternatively, when both the low-transparency film layer 212 and the heat-insulating film layer 24 are located between the second glass body 221 and the intermediate layer 23, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transparency film layer 212 can be independent. That is, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transparency film layer 212 can be formed in different coating processes. Alternatively, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transparency film layer 212 can also be a composite film structure, with both heat insulation and low-transparency functions. That is, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transparency film layer 212 can be directly formed in the same coating process. When the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-transparency film layer 212 are designed as a composite film layer, they will simultaneously possess both heat insulation and low-transparency functions. This design can provide effective heat insulation while ensuring privacy or specific visual effects.

[0116] For example, the heat-insulating film layer 24 and the low-permeability film layer 212 can be physically stacked together to form a composite film layer with dual functions. Alternatively, materials with heat-insulating and low-permeability properties can be blended during the preparation process using a blending technique to form a uniform composite film layer. Furthermore, nanostructures can be designed and constructed using nanotechnology to create nanostructures with specific optical and thermal properties, achieving both heat insulation and low permeability effects.

[0117] In this embodiment, the specific locations of the heat insulation film layer 24, the low-permeability film layer 212, and the low-emissivity film layer 222 are not specifically limited, as long as the characteristics described above are met.

[0118] In this embodiment, the visible light transmittance distribution of each layer and the whole in the laminated glass 20 can be adjusted, and the low transmittance film layer 212 can be used to replace the gray glass or gray intermediate layer to achieve an overall visible light transmittance TL3 ≤ 10% for the laminated glass assembly.

[0119] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that, include: The first glass plate includes a first glass body and a low-transparency film layer, wherein the low-transparency film layer is attached to the surface of the first glass body; Second glass plate; and An intermediate layer connects the first glass plate and the second glass plate; The visible light transmittance of the first glass plate is TL1, the visible light transmittance of the intermediate layer is TL2, 6TL1≤TL2, and the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is TL3, TL3≤10%.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance TL1 of the first glass plate is ≤14%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light reflectance of the first glass plate is in the range of 7%-30%.

4. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The haze of the laminated glass is ≤4.5%.

5. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance of the first glass body is greater than or equal to 70%.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The total energy transmittance (TTS) of the laminated glass is ≤22.5%.

7. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The low-transmittance film layer includes at least two light-absorbing layers and a high-refractive-index layer disposed between the two light-absorbing layers. The material of the light-absorbing layer is selected from at least one of W, Ni, Cr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Si, and Zr. The high-refractive-index layer has a refractive index ≥1.8 at a wavelength of 550 nm.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The high refractive index layer has a refractive index of ≥2, ≥2.3, ≥2.5, ≥2.8, or ≥3 at a wavelength of 550nm.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 8, characterized in that, The material of the high refractive index layer is selected from at least one of Zn, Si, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Hf, Mg, Ni, In, Al, Ga, Bi metal oxides and mixtures thereof, or from at least one of Si, Al, Zr, Ti, Y, Hf, Nb, Ta metal nitrides or nitrides and mixtures thereof.

10. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The physical thickness of the low-permeability film layer is 60nm to 500nm, or 70nm to 400nm, or 70nm to 350nm.

11. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The physical thickness of the high refractive index layer is 60nm to 100nm, or 70nm to 90nm, or 60nm to 80nm.

12. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer in the low-permeability film layer is ≥10nm, or ≥20nm, or ≥25nm; and / or, the total physical thickness of the light-absorbing layer in the low-permeability film layer is ≤300nm, or ≤150nm, or ≤80nm, or ≤50nm.

13. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 7-9, characterized in that, The physical thickness of one of the light-absorbing layers is ≥5nm, or ≥10nm, or ≥15nm; and / or, the physical thickness of one of the light-absorbing layers is ≤150nm, or ≤100nm, or ≤50nm.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second glass plate includes a second glass body and a low-emissivity film layer. One side of the second glass body is connected to the intermediate layer, and the other side of the second glass body is connected to the low-emissivity film layer. The emissivity e of the second glass plate is ≤0.

3.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 14, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is greater than or equal to 70%.

16. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance of the second glass plate is between 25% and 94%.

17. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The laminated glass further includes a heat-insulating film layer, which is connected between the first glass body and the low-transparency film layer. The energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure formed by the heat-insulating film layer and the first glass body is ≥28%.

18. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The laminated glass further includes a heat-insulating film layer, which is connected between the second glass plate and the intermediate layer. The energy reflectivity RE of the laminated structure of the heat-insulating film layer and the second glass plate is ≥28%.

19. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The visible light transmittance TL2 of the intermediate layer is ≥40%.

20. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a vehicle body and laminated glass as described in any one of claims 1-19, the laminated glass being connected to the vehicle body.

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