Bidirectional DC converter and control method therefor
The bidirectional DC converter addresses the inability of existing circuits to perform reverse operations by using active clamp switches and clamping capacitors for synchronized switching, achieving efficient and cost-effective bidirectional voltage conversion.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- VALEO ELECTRIFICATION
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing DC converter circuits are incapable of bidirectional DC voltage conversion, specifically lacking the ability to perform reverse operation necessary for pre-charging capacitors to prevent inrush currents and damage to switching devices and capacitors during voltage differences.
A bidirectional DC converter with a configuration that includes active clamp switches and clamping capacitors, allowing for both forward and reverse operations by alternating the switching of switches and employing duty cycles less than 0.5 or equal to 1, utilizing MOSFETs or diodes in anti-parallel configuration.
Enables efficient bidirectional DC voltage conversion, reducing production costs and preventing damage to components by managing inrush currents through synchronized switching and clamping mechanisms.
Smart Images

Figure CN2025145570_02072026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BIDIRECTIONAL DC CONVERTER AND CONTROL METHOD THEREFORTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a bidirectional DC converter and a control method for a bidirectional DC converter.BACKGROUND
[0002] When a high-voltage battery of a vehicle is used to supply power to other components in the vehicle, the high voltage of the high-voltage battery must be converted to a low voltage; this is so-called forward operation. In the prior art, active clamp forward-flyback converter circuits, active clamp forward converter circuits and DC chopper circuits such as buck circuits or boost-buck circuits are all capable of forward operation.
[0003] However, in some situations, reverse operation is also necessary. For example, before charging the high-voltage battery of the vehicle, a capacitor connected to the high-voltage battery is preferably pre-charged, to prevent a large inrush current due to a large voltage difference between the voltage of the high-voltage battery and a charging voltage, and thus prevent damage to an associated switching device and / or capacitor. However, an existing DC converter circuit is not capable of reverse operation.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure provides a bidirectional DC converter and a control method for a bidirectional DC converter, which are capable of changing DC voltage in two directions. The bidirectional DC converter according to the present disclosure is an improvement upon the prior art, having a simple structure and low design and manufacturing costs.
[0005] The present disclosure provides a bidirectional DC converter, configured as a current isolation circuit, and converting a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage in a first operating mode, and converting the second DC voltage to the first DC voltage in a second operating mode, wherein
[0006] the bidirectional DC converter comprises, at a secondary side, a flyback switch and a rectification switch; and further comprises: a first active clamp switch, a first clamping capacitor, a second active clamp switch and a second clamping capacitor, wherein a series-connected circuit of the first active clamp switch and the first clamping capacitor is connected in parallel with the flyback switch, and the first active clamp switch conducts in the opposite direction to the flyback switch; and a series-connected circuit of the second active clamp switch and the second clamping capacitor is connected in parallel with the rectification switch, and the second active clamp switch conducts in the opposite direction to the rectification switch.
[0007] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the bidirectional DC converter, at a primary side, comprises: a first switch, a second switch, a first capacitor and a primary winding, wherein the first switch, the second switch and the first capacitor form a series-connected circuit, two ends of the series-connected circuit form a first DC voltage end, and the primary winding is connected in parallel with a series-connected circuit formed by the second switch and the first capacitor.
[0008] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the bidirectional DC converter is configured as an active clamp forward converter circuit, and the bidirectional DC converter comprises, at a secondary side: a secondary winding, a second capacitor and a first inductive element, wherein a series-connected circuit formed by the secondary winding and the flyback switch is connected in parallel with the rectification switch, the parallel-connected circuit is connected to a second DC voltage end via the first inductive element, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second DC voltage end.
[0009] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the bidirectional DC converter is configured as an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit, and the bidirectional DC converter comprises, at a secondary side: a second capacitor, a secondary winding and a tertiary winding, and wherein a series-connected circuit formed by the secondary winding and the flyback switch is connected to a second DC voltage end, a series-connected circuit formed by the tertiary winding and the rectification switch is connected to the second DC voltage end, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second DC voltage end.
[0010] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, one or more of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch is configured as an electronic switch, the electronic switch having a diode connected in anti-parallel therewith.
[0011] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, one or more of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch is configured as a MOSFET.
[0012] The present disclosure further provides a control method for controlling the bidirectional DC converter according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure, the control method comprising: in the first operating mode, controlling the first switch and the second switch to switch on alternately, such that the DC converter converts the first DC voltage to the second DC voltage; in the second operating mode, controlling the first switch and the second switch to switch on alternately, the flyback switch and the first active clamp switch to switch on alternately, and the rectification switch and the second active clamp switch to switch on alternately, such that the DC converter converts the second DC voltage to the first DC voltage, wherein the second switch, the flyback switch and the second active clamp switch are switched on / off synchronously, and the first switch, the rectification switch and the first active clamp switch are switched on / off synchronously.
[0013] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, duty cycles of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch are the same and less than 0.5.
[0014] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, first duty cycles of the second switch, the flyback switch and the second active clamp switch are the same and less than 0.5, second duty cycles of the first switch, the rectification switch and the first active clamp switch are the same and greater than 0.5, and the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is less than or equal to 1.
[0015] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the on / off switching of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch is controlled by PWM.
[0016] The present disclosure further provides an on-board charging device, comprising the bidirectional DC converter according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0017] The present disclosure further provides an electric drive system, comprising the on-board charging device according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0018] The present disclosure further provides a vehicle, comprising the electric drive system according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] In order to explain the technical solutions of embodiments of the present disclosure more clearly, drawings required for describing the embodiments are briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings in the description below are merely some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art could obtain other embodiments based on these embodiments without expending inventive effort.
[0020] Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a bidirectional DC converter according to the present disclosure.
[0021] Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward converter circuit according to the prior art.
[0022] Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit according to the prior art.
[0023] Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward converter circuit according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0024] Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit according to embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0025] Figs. 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of switch control signals of a control method for a bidirectional DC converter according to embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, exemplary embodiments according to the present disclosure are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some, rather than all, of the embodiments of the present disclosure; it should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exemplary embodiments described herein.
[0027] In the specification and the accompanying drawings, substantially the same or similar steps and elements are denoted using the same or similar reference numerals, and repeated descriptions of these steps and elements are omitted. Moreover, in the descriptions of the present disclosure, terms such as “first” and “second” are merely used to distinguish between parts, and cannot be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or order.
[0028] In the specification and the accompanying drawings, elements are described in the singular or plural form according to the embodiments. However, the singular and plural forms are appropriately selected for use in the proposed case merely to facilitate explanation, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Therefore, the singular form may include the plural form, and the plural form may also include the singular form, unless otherwise specified in the context explicitly. In embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise explicitly stated, "connected" does not mean that a "direct connection" or "direct contact" is required; electrical communication is all that is needed.
[0029] When a high-voltage battery of a vehicle is used to supply power to other components in the vehicle, the high voltage of the high-voltage battery must be converted to a low voltage; this is so-called forward operation. In the prior art, active clamp forward-flyback converter circuits, active clamp forward converter circuits and DC chopper circuits such as buck circuits or boost-buck circuits are all capable of forward operation.
[0030] However, in some situations, reverse operation is also necessary. For example, before charging the high-voltage battery of the vehicle, a capacitor connected to the high-voltage battery is preferably pre-charged, to prevent a large inrush current due to a large voltage difference between the voltage of the high-voltage battery and a charging voltage, and thus prevent damage to an associated switching device and / or capacitor. Such pre-charging may for example be realized by boosting a voltage of a low-voltage battery and supplying the boosted voltage to the capacitor connected to the high-voltage battery. In the prior art, a boost circuit is generally separately designed and arranged, independently of a buck circuit. As a result, the overall boost-buck circuitry is overly bloated and has a high production cost.
[0031] The present disclosure improves upon a buck circuit according to the prior art, and is capable of bidirectional DC voltage conversion. Thus, a bidirectional DC converter according to the present disclosure is not only capable of forward operation, i.e. performing a step-down operation, but also capable of reverse operation, i.e. performing a step-up operation.
[0032] Fig. 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a bidirectional DC converter 110 according to the present disclosure. In addition, Fig. 1 also shows a first DC power supply 120, which is capable of outputting a first DC voltage U1 or can be charged under the first DC voltage U1, and a second DC power supply 130, which is capable of outputting a second DC voltage U2 or can be charged under the second DC voltage U2. It is assumed here that the first DC voltage U1 is greater than the second DC voltage U2. The bidirectional DC converter 110 according to the present disclosure is able to step down the first DC voltage U1 to the second DC voltage U2 and output same to the second DC power supply 130 in a first operating mode, and step up the second DC voltage U2 to the first DC voltage U1 and output same to the first DC power supply 120 in a second operating mode.
[0033] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the bidirectional DC converter 110 may for example be configured as an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit or an active clamp forward converter circuit. Fig. 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward converter circuit 200 according to the prior art. Fig. 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300 according to the prior art.
[0034] The active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit or active clamp forward converter circuit according to the prior art is configured as a current isolation circuit, based on a transformer. Periodic switching of switches in the converter circuit on and off can be used to achieve current variation and transfer of electrical energy. The transformation ratio of the transformer and regulation of the duty cycle of the switches can be used to achieve a desired step-down operation. The first operating mode, i.e. a step-down operation, is explained below with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
[0035] A primary side of the active clamp forward converter circuit 200 and a primary side of the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300 have the same structure. As shown in Figs. 2 and 3, a first switch Q1, a second switch Q2, a first capacitor C1 and a primary winding P are arranged at the primary side. The first switch Q1, the second switch Q2 and the first capacitor C1 are connected in series, and connected to a first DC power supply V1. The primary winding P is connected in parallel with a series-connected circuit formed by the second switch Q2 and the first capacitor C1.
[0036] As shown in Fig. 2, the active clamp forward converter circuit 200 according to the prior art has, at a secondary side thereof, a third switch Q3 (i.e. a flyback switch) , a fourth switch Q4 (i.e. a rectification switch) , a second capacitor C2, a secondary winding S and a first inductive element L1. A series-connected circuit formed by the secondary winding S and the third switch Q3 is connected in parallel with the fourth switch Q4, and this parallel-connected circuit is connected to a second DC power supply V2 via the first inductive element L1. The second capacitor C2 is connected to the second DC power supply V2.
[0037] As shown in Fig. 3, the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300 according to the prior art has, at a secondary side thereof, a third switch Q3 (i.e. a flyback switch) , a fourth switch Q4 (i.e. a rectification switch) , a second capacitor C2, a secondary winding S and a tertiary winding T. A series-connected circuit formed by the secondary winding S and the third switch Q3 is connected to a second DC power supply V2. A series-connected circuit formed by the tertiary winding T and the fourth switch Q4 is connected to the second DC power supply V2. The second capacitor C2 is connected to the second DC power supply V2.
[0038] In the active clamp forward converter circuit 200 or the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300, the number of turns in the primary winding P is greater than that in the secondary winding S or the tertiary winding T, i.e. the transformation ratio of the corresponding transformer is greater than 1 in each case.
[0039] In the active clamp forward converter circuit 200 or the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300, in the course of forward operation, i.e. step-down, the first DC power supply V1 outputs DC, and the first switch Q1 and second switch Q2 at the primary side switch on alternately, in order to produce a changing current, thereby transferring energy from the primary side to the secondary side. The third switch Q3 and Q4 at the secondary side switch on alternately to realize rectification, so as to supply power to a load or charge the second DC power supply V2.
[0040] A circuit formed by the first switch Q1 that is switched on and the first capacitor C1 is used to absorb the energy released by the primary winding P when the second switch Q2 is switched off, so as to minimize a peak voltage applied to the second switch Q2, and thereby prevent damage to or breakdown of the second switch Q2.
[0041] The working principle of forward operation of the active clamp forward converter circuit 200 is similar to that of a buck circuit; when the third switch Q3 (the flyback switch) is switched on and the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) is switched off, the current induced in the secondary winding S charges the first inductive element L1 and supplies power to the load or the second DC power supply V2. When the third switch Q3 (the flyback switch) is switched off and the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) is switched on, a loop is formed as a result of the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) being switched on, and the first inductive element L1 supplies power to the load or the second DC power supply V2; at the same time, the fact that the third switch Q3 is switched off prevents short-circuiting of the secondary winding S.
[0042] In forward operation of the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300, the third switch Q3 (the flyback switch) and the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) switch on and off alternately; when the third switch Q3 is switched on, the secondary winding S supplies power to the load or the second DC power supply V2, and when the fourth switch Q4 is switched on, the tertiary winding T supplies power to the load or the second DC power supply V2.
[0043] By switching the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 on alternately, and switching the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 on alternately, a voltage Vin of the first DC power supply V1 is stepped down to Vout and supplied to the load or the second DC power supply V2, i.e.
[0044] where D denotes the duty cycle of the second switch Q2, and 0 < D < 1. n denotes the ratio of the number of turns in the primary winding P to the number of turns in the secondary winding S / the tertiary winding T, n > 1.
[0045] The active clamp forward converter circuit 200 or the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300 according to the prior art is not capable of reverse operation, i.e. the supply of power to the first DC power supply V1 by the second DC power supply V2. This is because, in reverse operation, i.e. in the second operating mode, with the third switch Q3 and the fourth switch Q4 switching on and off alternately, the voltage applied to the secondary winding S or the tertiary winding T by the second DC power supply V2 is either the power supply voltage (the second DC voltage) or zero. Due to the current-holding effect of the secondary winding S or the tertiary winding T acting as an inductive element, the current in the winding cannot change suddenly. Thus, when the power supply voltage is applied to the secondary winding S or the tertiary winding T, the current in the winding gradually increases; when no voltage is applied, although the voltage is zero, the size of the winding current remains unchanged or decreases gradually. When the power supply voltage is applied to the winding again in the next cycle, the winding current will continue to increase.
[0046] To avoid this situation, the present disclosure proposes a bidirectional DC converter, which is an improvement upon the active clamp forward converter circuit 200 or the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 300 according to the prior art. The bidirectional DC converter according to the present disclosure is able, through switching of switches, to apply a reverse voltage to an inductive element in a circuit, so that a current in the inductive element rapidly drops and resets; in this way, periodic variation of current can be ensured.
[0047] Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward converter circuit 400 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 500 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Figs. 4 and 5, the active clamp forward converter circuit 400 and the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 500 according to embodiments of the present disclosure differ from the prior art by additionally having a fifth switch Q5 (a first active clamp switch) , a third capacitor C3 (a first clamping capacitor) , a sixth switch Q6 (a second active clamp switch) and a fourth capacitor C4 (a second clamping capacitor) . A series-connected circuit of the fifth switch Q5 and the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the third switch Q3; the fifth switch Q5 conducts in the opposite direction to the third switch Q3. A series-connected circuit of the sixth switch Q6 and the fourth capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the fourth switch Q4; the sixth switch Q6 conducts in the opposite direction to the fourth switch Q4.
[0048] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, in reverse operation, i.e. in the second operating mode, the third switch Q3 and the fifth switch Q5 switch on alternately, the fourth switch Q4 and the sixth switch Q6 switch on alternately, and the first switch Q1 and the second switch Q2 switch on alternately; moreover, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched on / off synchronously, and the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched on / off synchronously.
[0049] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 (the flyback switch) , the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) , the fifth switch Q5 (the first active clamp switch) and the sixth switch Q6 (the second active clamp switch) may for example be configured as MOSFETs, in particular N-MOSFETs.
[0050] In other implementations, the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 (the flyback switch) , the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) , the fifth switch Q5 (the first active clamp switch) and the sixth switch Q6 (the second active clamp switch) may for example be configured as other electronic switches, with diodes connected in anti-parallel with the electronic switches.
[0051] In the case of the active clamp forward converter circuit 400, if the voltage resulting from conversion of primary-side voltage to the secondary side via the transformer is less than the voltage of the secondary side itself, i.e. the voltage at the high-voltage side is less than the voltage at the low-voltage side, a manner of operation with a duty cycle less than 0.5 is employed; if the voltage resulting from conversion of primary-side voltage to the secondary side via the transformer is greater than the voltage of the secondary side itself, i.e. the voltage at the high-voltage side is greater than the voltage at the low-voltage side, a manner of operation with a sum of duty cycles equal to 1 is employed. These two manners of operation are explained in detail below.
[0052] In a first stage, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched on; the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched off. The second DC power supply V2 charges the secondary winding S and the first inductive element L1, and the winding current increases. At the same time, the fourth capacitor C4 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the first inductive element L1, such that the current flowing through the first inductive element L1 decreases.
[0053] In a second stage, all of the switches are switched off, and the voltage applied to the secondary winding S is zero. The sixth switch Q6 configured as a MOSFET for example can conduct in reverse, and the fourth capacitor C4 can continue to discharge, applying a reverse voltage to the first inductive element L1, such that the current flowing through the first inductive element L1 continues to decrease and resets. Similarly, the fifth switch Q5 configured as a MOSFET for example conducts in reverse, and the third capacitor C3 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the secondary winding S, such that the current flowing through the secondary winding S decreases and resets.
[0054] In a third stage, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched off; the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched on. The second DC power supply V2 charges the first inductive element L1. At the same time, the third capacitor C3 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the secondary winding S, such that the current flowing through the secondary winding S decreases.
[0055] In a fourth stage, similarly, all of the switches are switched off, and the voltage applied to the secondary winding S is zero. The sixth switch Q6 configured as a MOSFET for example conducts in reverse, and the fourth capacitor C4 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the first inductive element L1, such that the current flowing through the first inductive element L1 decreases and resets. Similarly, the fifth switch Q5 configured as a MOSFET for example conducts in reverse, and the third capacitor C3 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the secondary winding S, such that the current flowing through the secondary winding S decreases and resets.
[0056] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, in the case of four-stage operation as described above, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 which are switched on / off synchronously, and the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 which are switched on / off synchronously, may have the same duty cycle, and this duty cycle is less than 0.5.
[0057] In other embodiments, reverse operation of the active clamp forward converter circuit 400 may for example only comprise the first stage and the third stage described above. In the case of such two-stage operation, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 which are switched on / off synchronously may have a first duty cycle, and the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 which are switched on / off synchronously may have a second duty cycle. For example, the first duty cycle is less than 0.5, the second duty cycle is greater than 0.5, and the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is 1. It must be noted that in theory, i.e. if dead time is neglected, the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is equal to 1.
[0058] The turns ratio of the windings and regulation of the duty cycles of the abovementioned switches can be used to achieve a desired step-up operation.
[0059] Similarly, in the case of the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 500, if the voltage resulting from conversion of primary-side voltage to the secondary side via the transformer is less than the voltage of the secondary side itself, i.e. the voltage at the high-voltage side is less than the voltage at the low-voltage side, a manner of operation with a duty cycle less than 0.5 is employed; if the voltage resulting from conversion of primary-side voltage to the secondary side via the transformer is greater than the voltage of the secondary side itself, i.e. the voltage at the high-voltage side is greater than the voltage at the low-voltage side, a manner of operation with a sum of duty cycles equal to 1 is employed. These two manners of operation are explained in detail below.
[0060] In a first stage, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched on; the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched off. The second DC power supply V2 charges the secondary winding S, and the current in the secondary winding S increases. At the same time, the fourth capacitor C4 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the tertiary winding T, such that the current flowing through the tertiary winding T decreases.
[0061] In a second stage, all of the switches are switched off, and the voltage applied to the secondary winding S and the tertiary winding T is zero. The sixth switch Q6 configured as a MOSFET for example can conduct in reverse, and the fourth capacitor C4 can continue to discharge, applying a reverse voltage to the tertiary winding T, such that the current flowing through the tertiary winding T continues to decrease and resets. Similarly, the fifth switch Q5 configured as a MOSFET for example conducts in reverse, and the third capacitor C3 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the secondary winding S, such that the current flowing through the secondary winding S decreases and resets.
[0062] In a third stage, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched off; the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched on. The second DC power supply V2 charges the tertiary winding T. At the same time, the third capacitor C3 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the secondary winding S, such that the current flowing through the secondary winding S decreases.
[0063] In a fourth stage, similarly, all of the switches are switched off, and the voltage applied to the secondary winding S and the tertiary winding T is zero. The sixth switch Q6 configured as a MOSFET for example conducts in reverse, and the fourth capacitor C4 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the tertiary winding T, such that the current flowing through the tertiary winding T decreases and resets. Similarly, the fifth switch Q5 configured as a MOSFET for example conducts in reverse, and the third capacitor C3 discharges, applying a reverse voltage to the secondary winding S, such that the current flowing through the secondary winding S decreases and resets.
[0064] In embodiments according to the present disclosure, in the case of four-stage operation as described above, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 which are switched on / off synchronously, and the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 which are switched on / off synchronously, may have the same duty cycle, and this duty cycle is less than 0.5.
[0065] In other embodiments, reverse operation of the active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 500 may for example only comprise the first stage and the third stage described above. In the case of such two-stage operation, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 which are switched on / off synchronously may have a first duty cycle, and the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 which are switched on / off synchronously may have a second duty cycle. For example, the first duty cycle is less than 0.5, the second duty cycle is greater than 0.5, and the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is less than or equal to 1. In an alternative embodiment, for example, the first duty cycle may be greater than 0.5, the second duty cycle may be less than 0.5, and the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is less than or equal to 1.
[0066] The turns ratio of the windings and regulation of the duty cycles of the abovementioned switches can be used to achieve a desired step-up operation.
[0067] Figs. 6 and 7 show schematic diagrams of switch control signals of a control method for a bidirectional DC converter according to embodiments of the present disclosure. In implementation according to the present disclosure, the control method according to the present disclosure may for example control the on / off switching of the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 (the flyback switch) , the fourth switch Q4 (the rectification switch) , the fifth switch Q5 (the first active clamp switch) and the sixth switch Q6 (the second active clamp switch) , more specifically the duty cycle of the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6, and the duty cycle of the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5, by PWM. In Figs. 6 and 7, the vertical axis is the level of the control signal of the corresponding switch, wherein HIGH means that the switch is switched on, and LOW means that the switch is switched off; the horizontal axis is time, and the duration of an ON state or an OFF state can be determined from the horizontal axis. As shown in Fig. 6, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched on / off synchronously, the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched on / off synchronously, and their duty cycles are substantially the same, all being less than 0.5. This corresponds to the four-stage operation described in detail above.
[0068] As shown in Fig. 7, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3 and the sixth switch Q6 are switched on / off synchronously and have a first duty cycle less than 0.5; the first switch Q1, the fourth switch Q4 and the fifth switch Q5 are switched on / off synchronously and have a second duty cycle greater than 0.5; and the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is close to 1. This corresponds to the two-stage operation described in detail above.
[0069] The present disclosure further provides an on-board charging device; the on-board charging device comprises the bidirectional DC converter 110 according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure, and may for example comprise an active clamp forward converter circuit 400 or an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit 500 according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0070] The present disclosure further provides an electric drive system, comprising the on-board charging device according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0071] The present disclosure further provides a vehicle, comprising the electric drive system according to the above-described embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0072] Block diagrams of circuits, units, devices, apparatuses, devices and systems involved in the present disclosure merely serve as demonstrative examples, and are not intended to require or imply a requirement for connection, arrangement or configuration in the manner shown in the block diagrams. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, these circuits, units, devices, apparatuses, devices and systems may be connected, arranged and configured in any way, as long as the desired objective can be achieved. Circuits, units, devices and apparatuses involved in the present disclosure can be realized in any suitable manner, for example using application-specific integrated circuits or field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , etc., and can also be realized using general-purpose processors in combination with programs.
[0073] Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific embodiments described above are merely examples and not limiting. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be subjected to various modifications, combinations, partial combinations and substitutions according to design requirements and other factors, as long as they fall within the scope of the attached claims or their equivalents, i.e. fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
Claims
1.A bidirectional DC converter, configured as a current isolation circuit, and converting a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage in a first operating mode, and converting the second DC voltage to the first DC voltage in a second operating mode, whereinthe bidirectional DC converter comprises, at a secondary side, a flyback switch and a rectification switch; andfurther comprises: a first active clamp switch, a first clamping capacitor, a second active clamp switch and a second clamping capacitor, wherein a series-connected circuit of the first active clamp switch and the first clamping capacitor is connected in parallel with the flyback switch, and the first active clamp switch conducts in the opposite direction to the flyback switch; and a series-connected circuit of the second active clamp switch and the second clamping capacitor is connected in parallel with the rectification switch, and the second active clamp switch conducts in the opposite direction to the rectification switch.2.The bidirectional DC converter according to claim 1, whereinthe bidirectional DC converter, at a primary side, comprises: a first switch, a second switch, a first capacitor and a primary winding,wherein the first switch, the second switch and the first capacitor form a series-connected circuit, two ends of the series-connected circuit form a first DC voltage end, and the primary winding is connected in parallel with a series-connected circuit formed by the second switch and the first capacitor.3.The bidirectional DC converter according to claim 2, whereinthe bidirectional DC converter is configured as an active clamp forward converter circuit, and the bidirectional DC converter comprises, at a secondary side: a secondary winding, a second capacitor and a first inductive element,wherein a series-connected circuit formed by the secondary winding and the flyback switch is connected in parallel with the rectification switch, the parallel-connected circuit is connected to a second DC voltage end via the first inductive element, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second DC voltage end.4.The bidirectional DC converter according to claim 2, whereinthe bidirectional DC converter is configured as an active clamp forward-flyback converter circuit, and the bidirectional DC converter comprises, at a secondary side: a second capacitor, a secondary winding and a tertiary winding, andwherein a series-connected circuit formed by the secondary winding and the flyback switch is connected to a second DC voltage end, a series-connected circuit formed by the tertiary winding and the rectification switch is connected to the second DC voltage end, and the second capacitor is connected in parallel with the second DC voltage end.5.The bidirectional DC converter according to claim 2, whereinone or more of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch is configured as an electronic switch, and the electronic switch has a diode connected in anti-parallel therewith.6.The bidirectional DC converter according to claim 2, whereinone or more of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch is configured as a MOSFET.7.A control method for controlling the bidirectional DC converter according to any one of claims 2 -6, the control method comprising:in the first operating mode, controlling the first switch and the second switch to switch on alternately, such that the DC converter converts the first DC voltage to the second DC voltage;in the second operating mode, controlling the first switch and the second switch to switch on alternately, the flyback switch and the first active clamp switch to switch on alternately, and the rectification switch and the second active clamp switch to switch on alternately, such that the DC converter converts the second DC voltage to the first DC voltage,wherein the second switch, the flyback switch and the second active clamp switch are switched on / off synchronously, and the first switch, the rectification switch and the first active clamp switch are switched on / off synchronously.8.The control method according to claim 7, wherein duty cycles of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch are the same and less than 0.5.9.The control method according to claim 7, wherein first duty cycles of the second switch, the flyback switch and the second active clamp switch are the same and less than 0.5, second duty cycles of the first switch, the rectification switch and the first active clamp switch are the same and greater than 0.5, and the sum of the first duty cycle and the second duty cycle is less than or equal to 1.10.The control method according to claim 7, wherein the on / off switching of the first switch, the second switch, the flyback switch, the rectification switch, the first active clamp switch and the second active clamp switch is controlled by PWM.11.An on-board charging device, comprising the bidirectional DC converter according to any one of claims 1 -6.12.An electric drive system, comprising the on-board charging device according to Claim 11.13.A vehicle, comprising the electric drive system according to Claim 12.