The invention relates to a method for preparing aza graphene and nanometer metal graphene by using a solid phase cracking technology, wherein a phthalocyanine compound, a phthalocyanine polymer and a derivative thereof are adopted as starting raw materials, and cracking is performed at a temperature of more than 700 DEG C under an atmosphere of high purity nitrogen gas, argon gas or argon/hydrogen mixed gas to obtain the nitrogen-containing graphene and nanometer metal graphene materials. The method is characterized in that 1, the method is simple, and the aza graphene and nanometer metal graphene materials can be obtained through one-time solid phase cracking; 2, the graphene materials can be obtained through cracking in a non-hydrogen environment; 3, with adjustment on the cracking temperature, the gas flow rate and other experiment parameters, the size, the thickness and the quality of the graphene materials can be effectively controlled; and 4, the graphene materials with the coil behavior can be obtained under the catalyst effect. The prepared graphene materials can be applied in the fields of single molecule detection technologies, field-effect transistors and integrated circuits thereof, transparent conductive electrodes, conductive inks, field emission sources and vacuum electron devices thereof, supercapacitors, biological devices and the like.