The invention provides a preparation method of a traditional Chinese medicine for treating kidney failure, which comprises the following steps of preparing traditional Chinese medicinal raw materials, including radix pseudostellariae, rheum officinale, rhizoma coptidis, poria cocos, rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, radix salviae miltiorrhizae, 80 to 120 parts of dried orange peel, safflower, radix achyranthis bidentatae and liquorice, preparing rheum officinale powder, preparing radix pseudostellariae powder, preparing thick paste and obtaining the preparation. The invention also provides a quality inspection method of the traditional Chinese medicine, which comprises the following steps of checking according to each rule under a granule item of a pharmacopoeia, and content determination according to high performance liquid chromatography, and the rhizoma coptidis content of each granule of the traditional Chinese medicine cannot be less than 15.0mg by berberine hydrochloride C20H17NO4.HCl. The preparation process provided by the invention is reasonable in design, is advanced, and has the advantages that the characteristic of coldness of the existing medicine Shenshuaining can be effectively improved, the dissolving-out amounts of effective components of the rheum officinale and the radix pseudostellariae and the extraction rate are increased, effective components of a product are completely saved, and besides, the problems of instability and uncontrollability of the effective components of the rheum officinale and the radix pseudostellariae in the medicine are also effectively improved. The quality inspection method provided by the invention has the advantages that the stability and the controllability of the quality of the medicine Shenshuaining can be guaranteed.