The invention relates to the technical field of food detection, in particular to a multiplex PCR detection kit for mouse meat, goat meat and mutton, which is characterized by comprising an animal tissue mitochondrial DNA extraction system and three multiplex PCR reaction systems (a positive control reaction system, a negative control reaction system and an identification reaction system). The total PCR reaction system is 50 microliters, containing 5 microliters of reaction buffer solution, 2-5 microliters of dNTP, 23 microliters of MgCl, 1-5 microliters of Taq DNA polymerase, 0.5-2 microlitersof each primer, 1-3 microliters of DNA of a sample to be detected, and the balance being double distilled water. A multiplex PCR identification method for the mouse meat, the goat meat and the muttoncomprises the steps of designing three specific oligonucleotide primers by utilizing species specificity of cytochrome b, determining a reaction procedure, judging results and the like; the multiplexPCR identification method can simultaneously distinguish the specificity of the mouse meat, the goat meat and the mutton; and the multiplex PCR identification method for the mouse meat, the goat meatand the mutton has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, rapidness, reliable detection result and the like.