138 results about "Fluoride salt" patented technology

The invention discloses a fluoride salt-free nitrate-free cast iron enamel semitransparent glaze as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The semitransparent glaze is prepared from quartz, anhydrous borax, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate, potassium feldspar, zinc oxide, lithium carbonate, zirconium silicate, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, trisodium phosphate, antimony oxide, magnesium carbonate and barium carbonate according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, high-temperature melting under a pure oxygen condition, wiredrawing detection, quenching and the like. The semitransparent glaze is completely free of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are avoided from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, the product meets the requirements of European Union REACH regulations, meanwhile, the product has good porcelain surface, luster and low-temperature firing adaptability, and is suitable for cast iron matrixes, the firing temperature is 740-760 DEG C, and the firing time is 2-3 hours. The method can be used for producing green and environment-friendly enamel products.

The invention discloses fluoride-salt-free and nitrate-free medium-temperature semitransparent glaze for steel plate enamel as well as a preparation method and application of the medium-temperature semitransparent glaze, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The semitransparent glaze is prepared from quartz, potassium feldspar, anhydrous borax, sodium carbonate, titanium dioxide, monopotassium phosphate and zinc oxide according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, high-temperature melting under a pure oxygen condition, wiredrawing detection, quenching and the like. The semitransparent glaze is completely free of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are avoided from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, the product meets the requirements of European Union REACH regulations, meanwhile, the product has good porcelain surface, luster and firing adaptability, is suitable for a steel plate matrix, has the firing temperature of 800-840 DEG C and the firing time of 20-30 minutes, and is suitable for a steel plate. The method can be used for producing green and environment-friendly enamel products.

The invention discloses fluoride-salt-free and nitrate-free high-temperature acid-resistant translucent glaze for steel plate enamel as well as a preparation method and application of the translucent glaze, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The semitransparent glaze is prepared from quartz, anhydrous borax, titanium dioxide, trisodium phosphate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and sodium carbonate according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, high-temperature melting under a pure oxygen condition, wiredrawing detection, quenching and the like. The semitransparent glaze is completely free of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are avoided from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, the product meets the requirements of European Union REACH regulations, meanwhile, the product has good porcelain surface, luster and firing adaptability, is suitable for a steel plate matrix, has the firing temperature of 840-880 DEG C and the firing time of 820-830 minutes, and is suitable for a steel plate. The method can be used for producing green and environment-friendly enamel products.

The invention discloses fluoride salt-free and nitrate-free low-temperature matte glaze for steel plate enamel as well as a preparation method and application of the low-temperature matte glaze, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The matte glaze is prepared from quartz, borax pentahydrate, sodium carbonate, titanium dioxide, magnesium oxide, monopotassium phosphate, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, magnesium carbonate, lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide and zirconium silicate according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, melting at 1300 + / -10 DEG C in a pure oxygen environment, and quenching after wiredrawing to detect a molten state. The matte glaze completely avoids the use of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are eliminated from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, and the limit value requirements of European Union REACH regulations are met. Zinc oxide and ZnO / TiO2 are added, so that the liquid phase viscosity is reduced, ion diffusion is accelerated, and the opacity (opacification performance) and gloss of the porcelain glaze are enhanced.

A method for preparing monodisperse nanoscale calcium fluoride, comprising the following steps: (S1) dispersing calcium long-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate and an acrylate copolymer in a mixed solution of water, n-hexane, and an alcohol to form a stable emulsion A, wherein monomers of the acrylate copolymer comprise (meth)acrylic acid, a polyether macromonomer, and a C1-4 alkyl (meth)acrylate; (S2) dissolving a fluoride salt in water, adding polyvinyl alcohol, and uniformly mixing these materials to obtain a solution B; and (S3) slowly dropwise adding the solution B to the emulsion A under stirring and ultrasonic conditions, and carrying out standing for aging, centrifugal separation, washing, and drying to obtain monodisperse nanoscale calcium fluoride. By using the calcium long-chain alkylbenzenesulfonate with surface activity as a calcium source in combination with homemade acrylate as a dispersing agent, an emulsion is formed in a specific combined solvent, and by dropwise adding a fluorine salt aqueous solution to the emulsion under an ultrasonic condition, nanoscale calcium fluoride with a uniform and controllable particle size can be prepared under the action of a microemulsion.

The invention provides a sodium vanadium fluorophosphate positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of sodium ion battery positive electrode materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing sodium salt, a vanadium source, a phosphorus source, villiaumite and a carbon source in water, obtaining xerogel by adopting a sol-gel method, calcining to obtain a carbon-coated sodium vanadium fluorophosphate positive electrode material, dispersing the carbon-coated sodium vanadium fluorophosphate positive electrode material in water to form a suspension, adding polyvinyl alcohol and manganese salt, uniformly stirring, heating to evaporate a solvent, and annealing in inert gas to obtain the carbon-coated sodium vanadium fluorophosphate positive electrode material. The carbon and manganese dioxide synergistically co-coated sodium vanadium fluorophosphate positive electrode material is obtained. A sol-gel method and a suspension coating technology are combined to construct the carbon and manganese dioxide dual-coated NVPF composite material, so that the problems of slow sodium ion diffusion kinetics, low electronic conductivity, interface side reaction and the like when the NVPF is used as a sodium ion battery positive electrode material are solved.

The invention belongs to the field of industrial environment-friendly processes, and provides a process for preparing a powdery anhydrous accelerator by synergistic resource treatment of organic waste sulfuric acid and aluminum ash, which comprises the following steps: extracting aluminum ash, denitrifying and desalting, adjusting the acidity of waste sulfuric acid, calcining and reacting at high temperature, treating calcined waste gas and preparing the anhydrous accelerator. In a high-temperature state, sulfuric acid and metal oxides in the aluminum ash generate composite sulfate, and if the waste sulfuric acid contains organic matters, the organic matters are firstly combusted and removed; fluorine in the aluminum ash exists in the form of fluoride salt; adding magnesium sulfate, sodium fluosilicate and the like into the clinker, and uniformly mixing in a mixer to obtain the powdery anhydrous accelerator. The method is reasonable in design, capable of achieving co-processing, resource utilization and energy recovery, environmentally friendly, stable in process, diversified in product and suitable for large-scale popularization.

The invention relates to a negative electrode slurry and a preparation method thereof, a negative plate and a lithium ion battery, the negative electrode slurry mainly comprises a negative electrode active material, a binder composition, a conductive agent and a negative electrode additive, the mass ratio of the binder composition to the negative electrode additive is 2.0-2.4: 1.0-2.0, the binder composition comprises a component A, a component B and a component C, the component A is a fluorine-containing polymer, the component C is a fluorine-containing polymer, and the component B is a fluorine-containing polymer. The component B comprises a carboxylic acid compound, the component C is carboxymethyl cellulose salt, the negative electrode additive is alkali metal fluoride salt and / or alkaline earth metal fluoride salt, the pH value of the negative electrode slurry is 6.5-7.5, and the viscosity of the negative electrode slurry is 1000-4000 mpas. The negative electrode slurry disclosed by the invention has good dispersity and stability, and the prepared negative electrode plate can effectively relieve volume expansion of silicon, so that the rate capability, the cycling stability, the coulombic efficiency and the battery safety of the lithium ion battery can be effectively improved, and the consistency of the lithium ion battery is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of sulfuryl fluoride and the sulfuryl fluoride. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing fluoride salt powder and an anti-sticking agent to obtain a mixture; introducing sulfuryl chloride gas into the mixture for reaction to prepare sulfuryl fluoride; wherein the anti-sticking agent is used for preventing the fluoride salt powder from being stuck. According to the technical scheme, the production cost is reduced, the product purity is improved, and the method is suitable for industrial production.

The application discloses a preparation method of an aluminum shielding tape surface conductive self-repairing coating. First, a clean aluminum shielding tape surface is obtained through an in-situ reduction / etching pretreatment method based on an aluminum salt / fluoride salt compound solution; second, a conductive / self-repairing dual-effect enhancer is prepared and introduced into a conductive / self-repairing coating synthesized by polyether amine, diisocyanate, a multiple active amine compound, p-xylene glycol and aniline; finally, the solid content of the coating is adjusted and sprayed on the clean aluminum shielding tape surface to obtain the conductive self-repairing coating. The application converts the Al2O3 film on the aluminum surface into a new substance Al, simultaneously constructs a regular porous structure, increases the bonding strength of the film layer, improves the adaptability and self-repairing efficiency of the coating in cable manufacturing and subsequent operation through the construction of a coating with multiple dynamic hydrogen bonds and imine bond synergistic effect, and realizes good conductive enhancement effect and rapid thermal self-repairing purpose of the coating by using isocyanate modified carbon nanotubes as the enhancer.

The utility model relates to the technical field of electrolytic bath blanking and filtering, and particularly discloses an electrolytic bath fluoride salt blanking port filtering device which comprises a feeding port, support legs are fixedly installed on the outer surface of the feeding port, the support legs are designed in a stacking mode and located on the inner side of the feeding port, an installation frame is inserted into the feeding port in a sliding mode, and the installation frame is connected with the feeding port in a sliding mode. And a filter screen is placed on the outer surface of the mounting frame in a clamped mode, the filter screen and the mounting frame are obliquely designed, and the mounting frame and the feeding opening are concentrically designed. According to the filter device for the fluoride salt feed opening of the electrolytic cell, fluoride salt added into the feed opening through a crown block can be filtered through the filter screen, and the filter screen can also filter impurities falling into the feed opening daily when the feed opening is not sealed; impurities in fluoride salt and impurities accidentally falling into the feeding port in daily use cannot enter the material box, and the impurities cannot enter the inside of the electrolytic bath to affect operation.

To provide a new method for producing a fluorinated organic compound in which removal or separation of an auxiliary is easy and which is advantageous in production cost.SOLUTION: A compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1, R2 and n are as defined in the description. The method comprises reacting the compound represented by the formula (1) with (A) at least one fluorine source selected from hydrogen fluoride, a hydrogen fluoride salt and a fluoride salt, (B) at least one iodine source selected from iodine and ammonium iodide, and (C) a compound having at least one fluorinated quaternary nitrogen atom in the molecule. A step of difluorinating the compound represented by the formula (1), wherein the amount of the iodine source (B) used is less than 1.0 mol per 1 mol of the compound represented by the formula (1).SELECTED DRAWING: None

The present application relates to waste residue recycling, and provides a system for extracting valuable lithium elements from aluminum electrolysis solid waste water treatment residue, which comprises a ball milling system, a slurry preparation system, an alkali leaching system, an acid leaching system, a fluoride salt directional conversion system, a impurity removal system and a post-treatment system connected in sequence; the alkali leaching system is connected with the fluoride salt directional conversion system. The system for extracting valuable lithium elements from aluminum electrolysis solid waste water treatment residue can efficiently extract valuable lithium elements in the water treatment residue, and significantly improves the economic benefits of harmless disposal and comprehensive utilization of aluminum electrolysis overhaul residue and carbon residue.

To provide an electrolyte for a fluoride ion battery that is highly safe and has a wide potential window.SOLUTION: The present invention provides a solution containing two or more alkali metal fluoride salts dissolved in water.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

The present invention relates to a nickel-based alloy characterized in that it comprises, by mass percentage: - 15 to 25% molybdenum; - 0.4 to 5% aluminium; - 0 to 2% titanium; - < 3% chromium; - < 3% iron; - < 3% tungsten; - < 0.1% impurities (Im1), the impurities (Im1) being cobalt, zirconium, niobium, tantalum, hafnium, silicon, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, manganese, magnesium, copper, palladium, platinum, vanadium and carbon; - < 0.01% impurities (Im2), the impurities (Im2) being sulfur, phosphorus and boron; nickel representing the balance to reach 100%. An alloy according to the invention can be used as a structural material or as a coating for parts subjected to corrosion by molten salts, particularly at high temperatures, i.e., between 400 and 800°C, such as fluoride salts and, more particularly, chloride salts. Figure for the abstract: None

The invention discloses fluoride-salt-free and nitrate-free medium-temperature acid-resistant translucent glaze for steel plate enamel as well as a preparation method and application of the translucent glaze, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The semitransparent glaze is prepared from quartz, anhydrous borax, titanium dioxide, trisodium phosphate, potassium carbonate, lithium carbonate, aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and sodium carbonate according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, high-temperature melting under a pure oxygen condition, wiredrawing detection, quenching and the like. The semitransparent glaze is completely free of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are avoided from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, the product meets the requirements of European Union REACH regulations, meanwhile, the product has good porcelain surface, luster and firing adaptability, is suitable for a steel plate matrix, has the firing temperature of 800-840 DEG C and the firing time of 20-30 minutes, and is suitable for a steel plate. The method can be used for producing green and environment-friendly enamel products.

The invention discloses fluoride-salt-free nitrate-free medium-temperature matte glaze for cast iron enamel as well as a preparation method and application of the fluoride-salt-free nitrate-free medium-temperature matte glaze, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The matte glaze is prepared from quartz, borax pentahydrate, titanium dioxide, sodium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, aluminum oxide, sodium tripolyphosphate and lithium carbonate according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, melting at 1300 + / -10 DEG C in a pure oxygen environment, and quenching after wiredrawing to detect a molten state. The matte glaze completely avoids the use of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are eliminated from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, and the limit value requirements of European Union REACH regulations are met. And meanwhile, the ceramic has a good ceramic surface and excellent sintering performance and matte performance, is suitable for a cast iron matrix, has the sintering temperature of 760-780 DEG C, and can be used for producing green and environment-friendly enamel products.

The invention discloses a fluoride-salt-free and nitrate-free stainless steel enamel low-temperature cobalt-nickel ground coat as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The ground coat is prepared from quartz, anhydrous borax, titanium dioxide, magnesium carbonate, monopotassium phosphate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium feldspar, calcium carbonate, barium carbonate, ferric oxide and a recycled ternary battery positive electrode material according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the steps of raw material mixing, high-temperature melting under a pure oxygen condition, wiredrawing detection, quenching and the like. The ground glaze is completely free of fluoride salt and nitrate, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are avoided from the source, the fluorine content of the product is not detected through detection, the product meets the requirements of European Union REACH regulations, meanwhile, the ground glaze has good porcelain surface, luster and firing adaptability and is suitable for stainless steel substrates, the firing temperature is 760-800 DEG C, and the firing time is 2-3 hours. The method can be used for producing green and environment-friendly enamel products.

The utility model discloses a fluoride salt feeding device for an aluminum electrolysis cell, which belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis production and comprises a hollow feed box, a feed port and a discharge port are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the feed box, and a connecting rod penetrating through the feed port and the discharge port is arranged in the feed box. A plug with the outer diameter larger than that of the discharging port is arranged at the bottom end of the connecting rod, a hanging ring is arranged at the top end of the connecting rod, and a plurality of steel wire ropes connected with the hanging ring are arranged at the top of the material box. Compared with the prior art, the feeding device has the advantages that the connecting rod is matched with the plug and the hanging ring which are arranged at the two ends of the connecting rod respectively, so that feeding operation of the fluoride salt material box is rapidly and efficiently completed, the safety coefficient during operation is improved, and meanwhile the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

This invention discloses a method for the green co-processing of lithium slag and carbonaceous solid waste, relating to the field of slag treatment technology. The method includes: ball milling and mixing lithium slag, carbonaceous solid waste, and magnesium powder to obtain a reaction precursor; heating the reaction precursor under a protective atmosphere and negative pressure to produce solid products and flue gas containing beryllium, thallium, and fluorine; first, absorbing the flue gas containing beryllium, thallium, and fluorine with acid to obtain a beryllium-thallium acid washing solution; then absorbing the remaining fluorine-containing acidic tail gas with alkali to obtain a fluoride salt solution; mixing the solid product with the alkali solution, stirring, heating, washing to neutrality, and drying to obtain a porous material. This method practices the concept of "treating waste with waste," simultaneously solving the problems of gypsum decomposition, detoxification and fixation of toxic components, tail gas purification, and resource utilization through co-processing, achieving deep harmlessness of lithium slag, and significantly improving resource utilization and economic benefits.

The invention discloses a fluoride-salt-free and nitrate-free cast iron enamel high-temperature ground coat as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of enamel. The ground coat is prepared from quartz, anhydrous borax, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, barium carbonate, potassium feldspar, magnesium carbonate, copper oxide, manganese oxide, aluminum oxide and a recycled ternary battery positive electrode material according to a specific mass ratio. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials, melting at 1290 + / -10 DEG C in a pure oxygen environment, and quenching after wiredrawing to detect a molten state. According to the ground coat, the use of fluoride salt and nitrate is completely avoided, the problems of fluoride emission and environmental protection equipment blockage are solved from the source, the fluorine content of a product is not detected, and the European Union REACH regulation limit value requirements are met. Meanwhile, by introducing the recycled ternary battery material, not only is the adherence of the ground glaze obviously enhanced, but also the synergistic effect among the components is enhanced, the improvement of other properties is promoted, and the cyclic utilization of resources and the reduction of cost are realized.

The application provides a trivalent chromium passivation solution for maintaining the original color of aluminum alloy, which is prepared from basic chromium sulfate, zirconium salt, fluoride salt, corrosion inhibitor, organic acid complexing agent and water. The application also provides a preparation method of the trivalent chromium passivation solution for maintaining the original color of aluminum alloy, which comprises the following steps: heating water to 75-85 DEG C, then adding basic chromium sulfate, stirring while adding until completely dissolved, then adding zirconium salt, fluoride salt, corrosion inhibitor, organic acid complexing agent, silane coupling agent, water-soluble resin and nano silicon dioxide in sequence, and stirring for 1-2 h; using a pH regulator to adjust the pH value to 3.8-4.2, and the trivalent chromium passivation solution for maintaining the original color of aluminum alloy is obtained. The application also provides a passivation method for maintaining the original color of aluminum alloy. The application has the advantages of saving raw material cost, simple preparation method, and the like, and the passivated aluminum alloy part has a dense and uniform passivation film, the appearance color is maintained as the original color, the corrosion resistance exceeds 300 hours after neutral salt spray test, and the corrosion resistance is good.

A process for recovering lithium from waste lithium-ion batteries, or parts thereof, is disclosed. The process comprises the steps of: (a) providing a particulate material containing a transition metal compound and / or a transition metal, wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Ni, and Co, and wherein, furthermore, at least a fraction of said Ni and / or Co, if present, is in an oxidation state lower than +2 and at least a fraction of said Mn, if present, is manganese(II) oxide; wherein the particulate material further contains a lithium salt and a fluoride salt, and wherein the particulate material optionally contains calcium provided that the element ratio between calcium and fluorine is 1.7 or less or zero; (b) treating the material provided in step (a) with a polar solvent and an alkaline earth hydroxide; and (c) separating the solids from the liquid, optionally followed by washing the solid residue with a polar solvent, such as water, provides satisfactory separation of high-purity lithium and recovery of valuable transition metals.

The invention belongs to the technical field of fluosilicic acid utilization, and relates to a potassium fluosilicate decomposition method and application of the potassium fluosilicate decomposition method in preparation of hydrogen fluoride from fluosilicic acid. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing an auxiliary agent with ammonia water, then mixing with potassium fluosilicate to form a decomposition system, adjusting the temperature of the decomposition system to 20-70 DEG C, stirring the decomposition system, simultaneously applying ultrasonic waves, and reacting for 5-10 hours to realize decomposition of potassium fluosilicate. In addition, solid potassium fluosilicate is obtained by adding soluble potassium salt into fluosilicic acid; the potassium fluosilicate is decomposed to obtain a fluoride salt solution, the fluoride salt solution is heated to expel ammonia and then reacts with fluosilicic acid to obtain an ammonium fluoride solution, the ammonium fluoride solution reacts with soluble calcium salt to obtain calcium fluoride solid, and the calcium fluoride solid reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain hydrogen fluoride. The potassium fluosilicate decomposition method can solve the problem that reaction raw materials are wrapped by reaction products, the raw material utilization rate and the product yield are remarkably improved, and the potassium fluosilicate decomposition method can shorten the technological process and reduce the production cost when applied to preparation of hydrogen fluoride from fluosilicic acid.

The invention relates to the technical field of dangerous solid waste treatment and resource utilization, in particular to an aluminum electrolysis overhaul slag fluoride enhanced leaching and resource recycling method. Comprising the following steps: adding pretreated overhaul slag into a complexing reaction solution of boric acid containing a dispersing agent and gluconate, and pulping; sealing the system, heating, and implementing pulse type micro-negative pressure degassing operation in which vacuumizing and normal pressure recovery are alternated during constant-temperature leaching; after the reaction is finished, carrying out thermal-state solid-liquid separation and tailing washing, and merging to obtain clear filtrate; crystal seeds are added into the filtrate, an aluminum source solution is dropwise added, the pH value is increased, solid-liquid separation is performed after constant-temperature curing, and synthetic cryolite is obtained; and supplementing the pH buffer agent to the clear liquid and then circularly returning to the liquid preparation process. According to the method, fluorine and aluminum are cooperatively extracted under the weak acid condition, generation of silicic acid gel is inhibited, equipment corrosion is reduced, mass transfer in pores is enhanced in combination with micro-negative pressure operation, and low-energy-consumption recovery of fluoride salt and closed-loop circulation of a working solution are achieved through pH regulation and control.

The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and provides a fluorite ball preparation method and device.The fluorite ball preparation method comprises the steps that fluorine removal sludge is pulped, the pH value of sludge slurry is adjusted through sodium hydroxide to be alkaline, and first turbid liquid is obtained; adding a fluoride salt into the first turbid liquid for double decomposition reaction to generate a second turbid liquid containing calcium fluoride, a mineralizing agent and water-soluble sulfate; separating the second suspension to obtain a first solid and a first liquid; and carrying out ball-pressing calcination on the first solid to obtain fluorite balls. According to the preparation method of the fluorite balls, sulfur in the artificial fluorite powder is effectively removed, meanwhile, introduction of a mineralizing agent and improvement of the grade of the artificial fluorite powder are achieved, and the ball forming difficulty of the fluorite powder is reduced.

The present invention discloses a preparation method of a high-strength fluoride salt with fluoride ion-releasing ability and its application in 3D-printed orthodontic appliances. The high-strength fluoride salt has four benzyl groups and at least one polymerizable reactive group, and contains a tetrafluoroboric acid structure. The tetrabenzyl structure provides extremely high strength for the 3D-printed appliance, the acrylate structure provides good long-term stability for the 3D-printed appliance, and the tetrafluoroboric acid structure provides excellent fluoride ion-releasing ability for the 3D-printed appliance. It can also avoid dissolution during the treatment cycle that affects the product surface, and can improve the surface smoothness, thereby having significant application prospects.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a TiB2 coating that inhibits particle agglomeration during electrophoretic deposition, comprising the following steps: First, a fluoride salt mixture is prepared and divided into two parts. One part of the fluoride salt is mixed with boron powder and titanium dioxide powder, heated to form a molten salt, and the upper layer of molten salt is extracted. After rapid cooling, crushing, and grinding, TiB2-fluoride salt composite powder is obtained. Then, the other part of the fluoride salt is heated to form a base molten salt, and the TiB2-fluoride salt composite powder is added to the base molten salt. Electrophoretic deposition is then performed using a ring-shaped graphite anode and a cathode to be deposited. This method prepares highly dispersed TiB2-fluoride salt composite powder through in-situ synthesis, and then uses a ring-shaped anode to reduce the probability of TiB2 particle agglomeration during electrophoresis, effectively inhibiting particle agglomeration and improving the TiB2 electrophoretic deposition efficiency.

The invention discloses a treatment system and process for fluorine-containing gas. The treatment system comprises a reaction unit, the reaction unit comprises at least two reactors which are connected in series to provide a space for catalytic decomposition and chemical adsorption of fluorine-containing organic matters, and the multiple reactors are vertically arranged; the gas inlet unit is used for selectively conveying fluorine-containing gas and hydrogen chloride to the reactor; the discharging unit is used for receiving the metal fluoride discharged from the reactor at the lowermost end; the feeding unit is used for conveying a catalyst to the reactor at the uppermost end; and the tail gas treatment unit is used for receiving gas discharged from the reactor. According to the technical scheme, the requirement that the catalyst is frequently replaced during continuous reaction is met, and on the basis that fluorine-containing organic matter in gas is removed through catalytic decomposition, chemical adsorption is further carried out, and a fluoride salt product with a high additional value is formed.

Disclosed herein is an aqueous treatment composition comprising: an acid, such as a fluorinated metal acid; and a fluoride salt. Further disclosed is a pretreatment composition comprising an acid, a metal source, a free fluorine compound source, and an aqueous medium. Methods of treating metal substrates, treated metal substrates, and kits are also disclosed.