The application discloses a breeding method of Yunnan fragrant soft rice, which comprises the following steps: step one is to excavate specific rice resources, step two is to create new
germplasm backbone parents, step three is to perform 'two-way' separation expression and single recessive relative trait
elimination, and step four is to perform excellent trait balanced selection. In the application, indica rice or semi-indica rice resources from 1450-1650m warm and cool rice areas in Yunnan are collected, apparent morphological identification is performed on the resources and low-heat valley rice area materials, excellent materials with complementary traits are screened, and fragrant soft rice breeding intermediate materials and backbone parent reserves are created. In addition, parent populations with far
genetic distance and different ecotypes are created, excellent genes with far
genetic distance are introduced into Yunnan fragrant soft rice materials, according to the physiological characteristics of similar
ecotype rice, affinity is improved, blood penetration and fusion are increased, backbone parents with rich and varied
gene types are created, and'sticky + waxy' and '
colored vs. non-
colored' parents are selected to perform hybridization, recessive trait materials are selected or eliminated, and the breeding efficiency can be improved.