This invention discloses a method to measure the same comparing color pool of glucose and 1,5-glucose alcohol dehydration. First, the buffer solution composed by 3-hydroxymethyl-methane and hydrochloric acid is used to deal with serum. Through the GK and glucose -6 -- phosphate dehydrogenase coupling system glucose can be completely converted in serum into the 6 - phosphorylation gluconic acid lactone which not responds to PROD, to remove the interference of endogenous glucose, and determine the absorption of light to detect glucose content. Then the concentration of 200 mmol / L N-2-hydroxyethyl piperazine N'-2 - ethane sulfonic acid solution is added, and the tested 1,5-dehydrated alcohol is oxide into 1,5 - dehydration fructose and H2O2. The new zoology oxygen that H2O2 releases will react with HRP, 4-AAP HTIB response system and after Trinders role color reaction (from colorless to red), colorimetric determinate of 1,5 - dehydration glucose alcohol content is detected. This invention measure in the same comparing color pool of glucose and 1,5 - alcohol dehydration glucose, is sensitive, accurate, stable, specific characteristics and can reduce the cost of testing, and provide a new method for the detection and treatment of diabetes monitoring.