The invention discloses a probe and primer composition for rapidly detecting seven coronaviruses and other respiratory tract pathogens. A group of specific primers and the Taqman or MGB probe are designed mainly according to the specificity of N genes of OC43-CoV, NL63-CoV, 229E-CoV, HKU1-CoV, SARS-CoV, FluB and RSV, ORF1a, ORF1b and N genes of MERS-CoV, ORF1ab and N genes of 2019-nCoV, an M geneof FluA and an HEXON gene of HadV, and by utilizing a melting curve technology, CoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-229E, HCoV-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV, FluA, FluB, HAdV and RSV are rapidly identified according to the change of the melting temperature. By means of the design, multiple pathogens can be detected in one fluorescent channel at the same time, and a relatively high sensitivity can be met.