The invention discloses a method for catalytically synthesizing curcumin glycoside compounds by a biological method. A glycosyl transferase gene CaUGT2 and a sucrose synthase gene AtSUS1 are constructed on an expression vector and are introduced into escherichia coli to obtain a recombinant strain, the soluble expression quantity of the recombinant strain after induced expression is improved compared with that of glycosyl transferase from other plants, and a substrate curcumin can be efficiently catalyzed. A recombinant plasmid is pRSF-CaUGT2-AtSUS1, a sucrose synthase AtSUS1 gene is inserted into Nco I and EcoR I, glycosyl transferase CaUGT2 is inserted into Xho I and NdeI, a co-expression recombinant plasmid pRSF-CaUGT2-AtSUS1 is formed, the recombinant plasmid is transformed into escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells, and a recombinant strain CaUGT2-AtSUS1 is obtained. After the recombinant strain is subjected to induced expression, the soluble expression quantity of the glycosyl transferase CaUGT2 is increased compared with that of glycosyl transferase from other plants, the conversion rate of catalytic synthesis of curcumin glycoside compounds reaches 98%, curcumin is catalyzed to generate curcumin monoglucoside and curcumin diglucoside, the water solubility of the curcumin monoglucoside and curcumin diglucoside is superior to that of curcumin, and the problem that curcumin is poor in water solubility is solved. The concentration of the substrate curcumin is 75 mM, the concentration of a catalytic substrate is relatively high, and the method is more suitable for food and medicine industries in industrialization.