The invention relates to a preparation method and quality detecting method of high-purity phlorizin. The preparation method comprises the steps that dried leaf powder of lithocarpus polysachyus (DC.)rehd. is subjected to reflux extraction through ethyl alcohol, extracting solutions are combined and concentrated, suspension is extracted through petroleum ether, then the water liquid part is takenand extracted through ethyl acetate, an ethyl acetate layer is taken and concentrated, and thus an extract is obtained; the ethyl acetate extract is subjected to silica-gel column chromatography, subjected to gradient elution through a methanol-dichloromethane system and detected through thin-layer chromatography, eluent containing the phlorizin is collected and combined, vacuum concentration is conducted, then gel column chromatography is conducted, elution is conducted through a methanol-trichloromethane system, eluent containing the phlorizin is collected, vacuum concentration is conducted,and recrystallization is conducted to obtain phlorizin coarse crystallization; and then separation and purification are conducted through preparation-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the collected eluent is detected through HPLC, and thus the phlorizin with the purity being within 90-98% and a phlorizin composition with the purity being greater than 98% are obtained. According to the preparation method, a technology is simple, the separation speed is high, the production period is short, the obtained product is high in purity, the quality is controllable, and the preparation method is suitable for industrial production.