The invention provides a construction method of a characteristic spectrum of teloon or a preparation thereof. The invention also provides a method for identifying the Tianlong medicinal material adulterants. The construction method of the characteristic chromatogram comprises the following steps: taking a Tianlong reference medicinal material and a pterixin-6-
carboxylic acid reference substance as parameter substances, determining eight characteristic peaks, and identifying that the peak 3 is
hypoxanthine, the peak 4 is
thymine and the peak 5 is pterixin-6-
carboxylic acid; the eight characteristic peaks stably exist in the
gecko medicinal material, the decoction pieces, the standard decoction and the formula granules, which indicates that the
gecko medicinal material, the decoction pieces, the standard decoction and the formula granules are consistent in material basis and are all from the
gecko medicinal material, so that the conditions of the gecko and the preparation thereof can be effectively and comprehensively reflected, and the gecko can be distinguished from other easily-mixed products (such as gecko).