The application discloses a method for extracting and separating high-carbon and low-
nitrogen and
phosphorus organic components in blue
algae. The method adopts a process of step-by-step extraction by using an alkaline solution, and when necessary, a mild wall breaking is assisted by adding a low-concentration
oxidizing agent, and the interaction between biological molecules is weakened by using
sodium chloride, so that high-
carbon organic components such as polysaccharides and lipids are effectively decomposed and extracted, and the outflow of high-
nitrogen and high-
phosphorus components such as proteins and nucleic acids is largely prevented, and the high-carbon and low-
nitrogen and
phosphorus organic components in the blue
algae are successfully obtained. The reagents used in the application are cheap, safe and
environmentally friendly, the operation condition is mild, the
energy consumption is low, the application is easy to implement, and the application is suitable for large-scale industrial application. The carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus compositions of the extract meet the requirements of directional
acid production or other conversion and utilization
modes, and the remaining algal
cell precipitate is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus, and can be used for further extraction of nucleic acids, proteins, polypeptides or amino acids, and can also be directly used as a
fertilizer.