The invention relates to a composition for detecting 23 respiratory pathogens. The composition comprises a primer composition consisting of the sequences shown by SEQ ID NO. 1-SEQ ID NO. 48 and a probe composition consisting of the sequences shown by SEQ ID NO. 49-SEQ ID NO. 72. The invention also relates to a kit for detecting 23 respiratory pathogens and a detection method of the kit. The kit comprises a first reaction solution, a second reaction solution, a first hybridization solution and a second hybridization solution containing the primers and probes respectively; the kit also comprises a mixed enzyme, a streptavidin-phycoerythrin solution, a negative reference, a positive reference and an interior label. The kit and the detection method provided by the invention integrate the functions of RT-PCR, full-automatic liquid-phase chip hybridization detection, data analysis and the like, and also have the advantages of high throughput, multiple detection target spots, high degree of automation, easiness in operation, short time consumption among the inventions of the same kind of liquid-phase chip technologies, etc.; moreover, the kit and the detection method provide important information for addressing the respiratory tract infection epidemic in time, and are of great significance to the prevention and control of respiratory pathogens.