The invention provides a nitrogen heterocyclic ring substituted aryl propenone compound (formula I), a preparation method and application thereof. The structural formula of the compound is shown in the formula I, wherein in the formula I, R in X (shown as formula on the right) is H, F, Cl, Br, CH3O, C2H5O, 2, 4-dichloro, NO2 and CH3; and in the formula I, Y is 2-nitroiminoimidazolidine, 2-cyanoimino-1, 3-thiazolidine, thiazolidine and other nitrogen heterocyclic rings. The compound has excellent chemical killing activity to aphid, tetranychus cinnabarinus, diamondback moth and other harmful pests, and biological activity of partial compound is equivalent to that of control insecticides. Furthermore, compared with effective constituents of natural Stellera chamaejasma L, the compound has the advantages that the compound has simple structure and easy acquisition, and can be actually applied to agricultural production.