Controlling copper roughness and grain size improves resist adhesion, etching quality, and defect reduction in adhesive-free flexible substrates.
Controlling Ag solid solution at copper edges suppresses hardening and peeling, improving ceramic bond reliability under thermal cycling.
Silver-containing penetrating regions in silicon nitride improve copper bonding strength, cold durability, and migration resistance.
Selective laser removal of the anti-rust layer in via bottoms lowers contact resistance while preserving corrosion protection on the wiring board.