Portal type digging-anchor-protection integrated machine and digging-anchor construction method thereof

Abstract

A gantry-type integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine and its tunneling and anchoring construction method are disclosed. The machine includes a tunneling machine, a gantry mechanism located above the tunneling machine, and a telescopic front beam with upper guide columns fitted inside the top beam of the gantry mechanism. First, second, third, and fourth anchor bolting machines are respectively installed on the telescopic front beam, the upper guide columns, the top beam of the gantry mechanism, and the rear of the tunneling machine. Extended shovel plates are installed on both sides of the shovel loading section, and lateral support devices are installed on the rear of the frame or the rear support section. The corresponding tunneling and anchoring construction method is as follows: while the tunneling machine is performing tunneling operations at the front using a positioning and cutting method, top anchor cables and lower side anchor bolts are installed at the rear of the tunneling machine. After the tunneling and cutting operations are completed, temporary support is promptly provided for the newly exposed roof at the front of the roadway, and the top and upper side anchor bolts are installed. This invention has the advantages of reasonable overall equipment layout and structure, high anchoring efficiency, fewer personnel required for anchoring operations, timely anchoring of anchor bolts at the front of the roadway, and adaptability to roadways with various cross-sectional shapes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of coal mine roadway excavation and anchoring equipment, and in particular to a gantry-type integrated excavation, anchoring and anchoring equipment and a roadway excavation and anchoring construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the most commonly used equipment for coal mine roadway excavation is the cantilever roadheader, and various types of roadheader-anchor and integrated roadheader-anchor-support machines have evolved from the cantilever roadheader to meet the requirements of bolt and cable support. There are two main types of bolt and cable support construction methods used with it. The first is the "timely roadheader-anchor method": the roadheader first performs excavation and cutting operations, and after completing one excavation cycle, it stops excavating. Then, various bolt and cable supports are immediately applied to the newly exposed roadway roof under the protection of temporary support devices. Excavation and anchoring operations are carried out alternately. The advantages of this method are timely anchoring, good anchoring effect, high on-site safety, and adaptability to various complex roadway geological conditions, including fractured roofs. The disadvantages are that excavation and anchoring operations must be carried out alternately, and due to the limited space in front of the equipment, the number of bolting machines that can be deployed is limited. Each bolting machine needs to complete the construction of multiple different types of bolts, resulting in a long time to complete the anchoring construction of the entire cross-section and low anchoring efficiency. The second method is the "delayed tunneling and anchoring method": the tunneling machine continuously excavates at the front of the roadway, and temporary support devices are arranged above the tunneling machine, moving forward synchronously with it. Different types of anchor bolting machines are then concentrated behind the temporary support devices, allowing tunneling and anchoring operations to be carried out simultaneously. The advantages of this method are that tunneling and anchoring operations can be performed concurrently, a large number of anchor bolting machines can be deployed, the anchoring construction time is short, and the anchoring operation efficiency is high. The disadvantages are that the roadway roof cannot be anchored in a timely manner, the delayed anchoring effect is poor, the safety of the work site is relatively poor, the anchoring operation requires a large number of personnel, and it can only be adapted to geological conditions where the roadway roof is intact. Existing technologies employing the "timely tunneling and anchoring method" and related equipment include: the integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine (announcement number CN201443396U), the gantry-type integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine for rock tunnels (announcement number CN109681225A), the integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine (announcement number CN106194201B), and the integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine (announcement number CN107725062A). Existing technologies employing the "delayed tunneling and anchoring method" and related equipment include: an integrated tunneling, anchoring, and drilling machine (announcement number CN102704929B), a fully sealed coal roadway tunneling and anchoring synchronous machine (announcement number CN102606153B), and the boom-type intelligent cutting, tunneling, and anchoring parallel integrated machine (announcement number CN107965319A).

[0003] Currently, numerous technical solutions have emerged using the two aforementioned tunneling and anchoring methods, but none have been effectively applied or widely adopted. The underlying reason lies primarily in the significant limitations of the tunneling and anchoring methods employed, and the unreasonable overall layout and structure of the corresponding tunneling and anchoring equipment. Therefore, the development of efficient and practical integrated tunneling, anchoring, and support construction equipment and methods remains one of the most pressing topics in the industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The main objective of this invention is to provide a gantry-type integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine and a corresponding tunneling and anchoring construction method to solve the problems of the existing tunneling and anchoring methods, unreasonable overall layout and structure of tunneling and anchoring equipment, long anchoring operation time and low efficiency, large number of personnel required for anchoring operation, poor delayed anchoring effect, and poor adaptability to changes in the shape of the roadway cross section.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a gantry-type integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine, including a tunneling machine. The tunneling machine includes a frame, a cutting section with a transverse or longitudinal cutting roller hinged to the upper front of the frame, a shoveling section hinged to the lower front of the frame, a transport machine located in the middle of the frame, two traveling sections located on the lower left and right sides of the frame, and two rear support sections hinged to the rear left and right sides of the frame. The gantry-type integrated tunneling, anchoring, and protection machine also includes a gantry mechanism located above the frame that can be raised and lowered, and a telescopic front beam. The gantry mechanism includes a top beam, two sets of left and right vertical guide mechanisms, and two sets of left and right columns. The bottom of the vertical guide mechanisms and columns are connected to the left and right sides of the frame, and the top of the vertical guide mechanisms and columns are hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam. The telescopic front beam includes a front crossbeam and two left and right telescopic longitudinal beams fixed to the rear side of the front crossbeam. The telescopic longitudinal beams are fitted into the top beam from the front and can extend and retract back and forth. Several first anchor bolting machines are installed on the front crossbeam. The first anchor bolting machines are mainly used to install top anchor bolts on the roof of the tunnel. The function of the gantry mechanism is to press the tunneling machine vertically when it is in the cutting operation, forming a working platform for the construction of anchor cables and lower side anchors. When the tunneling machine is in the anchoring operation, it supports the extended telescopic front beam vertically, forming a working platform for temporary support and the construction of top anchors and upper side anchors.

[0006] Furthermore, a transverse guide rail and two upper guide columns are fixed on the front crossbeam. Several first rotary slides are fitted inside the transverse guide rails. Several first anchor bolting machines are respectively hinged to the first rotary slides. Driving the first rotary slides can drive the first anchor bolting machines to move left and right along the front crossbeam. A second anchor bolting machine is also provided on the upper guide columns.

[0007] Furthermore, a vertical guide rail is fixed on the upper guide post, and a second rotary slide is fitted inside the vertical guide rail. The second anchor bolting machine is hinged to the second rotary slide, and driving the second rotary slide can move the second anchor bolting machine up and down along the upper guide post. The second anchor bolting machine is mainly used to install upper side anchor bolts on the upper part of the roadway sidewall.

[0008] Furthermore, a series of spaced forward support plates are fixed to the top of the front crossbeam. These forward support plates support the anchor mesh and steel strip to be anchored and provide temporary support for the roadway roof. The forward support plates can be made of elastic materials to adapt to irregular changes in the front end of the roadway roof. Two lateral support seats II are hinged to both ends of the front crossbeam. The lateral support cylinders II are hinged between the lateral support seats II and the upper guide post. When the lateral support cylinders II extend, they can drive the two lateral support seats II to swing outward and provide lateral support to the roadway sidewall, thereby limiting the lateral displacement of the front crossbeam and the upper guide post and ensuring reliable lateral positioning during the construction of the upper anchor bolts.

[0009] Furthermore, the top beam includes a crossbeam, with two longitudinal beams fixed at both ends of the crossbeam. The telescopic longitudinal beams are fitted inside the longitudinal beams and can be extended and retracted back and forth by telescopic hydraulic cylinders. A third anchor bolting machine is also provided on the crossbeam.

[0010] Furthermore, a transverse guide rail is fixed on the crossbeam, and several third rotary slides are fitted inside the transverse guide rail. Several third anchor bolting machines are hinged to the third rotary slides respectively. Driving the third rotary slides can move the third anchor bolting machines left and right along the crossbeam. The third anchor bolting machines are mainly used to install top anchor cables in the roadway roof.

[0011] Furthermore, floating supports are installed at the rear of the left and right longitudinal beams. Each floating support consists of several hydraulic cylinders, with the hydraulic pipes connecting the cylinders in series. Since the roof of the actual roadway is uneven, by installing floating supports with automatic balancing function, the roof beam and the roadway roof can maintain balanced stress, avoiding torsional deformation of the roof beam and the telescopic front beam.

[0012] Furthermore, the left and right vertical guide mechanisms also include two inner sliding columns and outer sliding sleeves that fit together. The bottom of the outer sliding sleeve is fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the frame. The top of the inner sliding column is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam through a horizontally arranged pin III and can swing back and forth. Each of the left and right columns is divided into two columns, front and back, and is arranged in front and back of the vertical guide mechanism respectively. The lower part of the column is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame, and the upper part of the column is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam. When the extension and retraction strokes of the front and rear columns are inconsistent, the top beam can generate a longitudinal tilt angle relative to the frame to adapt to the longitudinal angle change of the roadway roof.

[0013] As another improvement to the vertical guide mechanism in this invention, the left and right vertical guide mechanisms also include two sets of four-bar linkages and two balance cylinders. The bottom of the four-bar linkage is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame through a horizontally arranged pin I and can swing back and forth. The top of the four-bar linkage is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam through a horizontally arranged pin III and can swing back and forth. The left and right columns are respectively arranged in front of the four-bar linkage. The lower part of the column is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame, and the upper part of the column is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam. The balance cylinder is obliquely hinged between the top beam and the four-bar linkage. Adjusting the extension and retraction stroke of the balance cylinder can make the top beam tilt relative to the frame at a longitudinal angle.

[0014] As another improvement to the gantry mechanism in this invention, the gantry mechanism also includes two bases on the left and right, and two sets of inclined hydraulic cylinders on the left and right. The two sets of vertical guide mechanisms also include two inner sliding columns and outer sliding sleeves that fit together. The bottom of the inner sliding column is hinged to the left and right bases through a horizontally arranged pin I and can swing back and forth. The base is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame through a longitudinally arranged pin II and can swing left and right. The top of the outer sliding sleeve is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam through a longitudinally arranged pin III and can swing left and right. The two sets of inclined hydraulic cylinders are symmetrically and obliquely hinged between the top beam and the two outer sliding sleeves on the left and right. Each of the two sets of columns is divided into two columns, front and back, and is arranged on the front and back sides of the vertical guide mechanism respectively. The lower part of the column is hinged to the upper part of the base, and the upper part of the column is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam. When the extension and retraction strokes of the left and right columns and the left and right inclined hydraulic cylinders are inconsistent, the top beam can generate a lateral tilt angle relative to the frame. When the extension and retraction strokes of the front and rear columns are inconsistent, the top beam can generate a longitudinal tilt angle relative to the frame to adapt to the angular changes of the roadway roof in the lateral and longitudinal directions.

[0015] Furthermore, two lower support brackets are fixed on the left and right sides of the rear of the frame, and a lower guide column is provided on the lower support bracket, and a fourth anchor bolt machine is provided on the lower guide column.

[0016] Furthermore, a front-to-back adjustment mechanism is provided between the lower side support and the lower side guide post. This mechanism can be a longitudinal sliding mechanism or a rotary swing mechanism. A vertical guide rail is fixed on the lower side guide post, and a fourth rotary slide is fitted inside the vertical guide rail. The fourth anchor bolting machine is hinged to the fourth rotary slide, and driving the fourth rotary slide allows the fourth anchor bolting machine to move up and down along the lower side guide post. The fourth anchor bolting machine is mainly used for installing lower side anchor bolts on the sidewall of the roadway. The front-to-back adjustment mechanism allows for the adjustment of the fourth anchor bolting machine.

[0017] Each of the aforementioned rotary slide blocks and each anchor bolting machine is hinged with a swing cylinder, which can adjust the lateral swing angle of the anchor bolting machine.

[0018] Furthermore, on the left and right sides of the loading unit, there are two sets of expansion shovel devices, including expansion shovels and expansion cylinders. The expansion shovel devices can use a lateral telescopic mechanism, an up-and-down flipping mechanism or a lateral swing mechanism to achieve the expansion action.

[0019] Furthermore, two sets of lateral support devices, including lateral support seat I and lateral support cylinder I, are provided on the rear of the frame or the rear support section. The lateral support devices can achieve lateral support action by using a lateral swing mechanism, a lateral telescopic mechanism, or an oblique telescopic mechanism. By setting an extended shovel device at the front of the tunneling machine and a lateral support device at the rear, the tunneling machine can avoid lateral swaying during cutting operations and achieve positioning and cutting.

[0020] Furthermore, a probe drill is also installed on the cutting section. The probe drill is used to drill probe holes at the front end of the roadway.

[0021] Furthermore, to ensure that the cutting end face of the roadway is as flat as possible during positioning and cutting, the cutting section also includes a longitudinal telescopic mechanism.

[0022] Furthermore, to facilitate the operation of construction personnel, foldable operating pedals are provided at the lower end of the first anchor bolting machine and the lower end of the upper guide post. To ensure the safety of the construction personnel at the front end, a foldable protective plate is also provided on the front side of the first anchor bolting machine.

[0023] Furthermore, a vertical support cylinder can be installed inside the upper guide column to provide auxiliary support for the telescopic front beam, thereby improving the temporary support effect.

[0024] Furthermore, air intake ducts and dust extraction ducts can be installed on the underside of the top beam and / or on the tunneling machine.

[0025] According to another aspect of the present invention, a tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method is also provided, applicable to the above-mentioned gantry-type integrated excavation, anchoring, and protection machine. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method includes:

[0026] Step 1: Drive the tunneling machine forward, and the cutting section cuts into the tunnel end face by one row spacing; raise the gantry mechanism and extend the extended shovel and lateral support seat; the cutting section swings along the predetermined trajectory to complete the cutting operation of one row spacing of the entire tunnel end face in a positioning cutting method; at the same time as the cutting operation, operate the third and fourth anchor bolt machines to complete the installation and anchoring operation of the top anchor cable and lower side anchor bolt for one row spacing.

[0027] Step 2: Lower the gantry mechanism and lay the steel strip and anchor mesh on top of the telescopic front beam; extend the telescopic front beam, raise the gantry mechanism, and complete the temporary support operation; operate the first anchor bolt machine and the second anchor bolt machine to complete the installation and anchoring of the top anchor bolt and upper side anchor bolt for one row spacing; lower the gantry mechanism, retract the telescopic front beam, and retract the extended shovel plate and side support seat.

[0028] After completing step two, repeat step one, alternating in this cycle until the excavation and anchoring of the entire tunnel is completed.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, the positive and beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0030] 1. This invention employs a combination of a liftable gantry mechanism, an extended shovel device, and a lateral support device to comprehensively limit the vertical, horizontal, and vertical movement of the tunneling machine. This prevents the machine from swaying or bouncing due to cutting reaction forces during cutting, providing a stable anchoring platform for the machine body during positioning and cutting operations. This ensures that the anchoring operations of the rear top and side anchors are synchronized with the cutting operations at the front. By clamping and limiting the tunneling machine, machine vibration is also reduced, cutting efficiency is improved, and equipment reliability is enhanced.

[0031] 2. By adopting a gantry mechanism equipped with inclined hydraulic cylinders, the gantry mechanism not only has strong self-stabilizing ability, but also has the ability to adjust the longitudinal and lateral angles. This allows the top beam to adapt well to the irregular shape changes of the roadway roof. The equipment is suitable not only for rectangular and arched cross-section roadways, but also for trapezoidal cross-section roadways.

[0032] 3. By adopting a gantry mechanism, the upper space of the equipment is utilized rationally and effectively, allowing for a larger layout space, more anchor bolt machines, and a more reasonable arrangement. The anchor bolt machines can be arranged according to specific anchor bolting functional zones. The top anchor bolt machines and upper side anchor bolt machines that require timely anchoring are placed at the front of the equipment, while the top anchor bolt machines and lower side anchor bolt machines, which do not have high requirements for timely anchoring, are placed at the rear of the equipment. The front and rear work alternates, solving the problem of the small number of anchor bolt machines and low anchoring efficiency in the existing "timely excavation and anchoring method" without increasing the number of personnel.

[0033] 4. By adopting a large-stroke telescopic front beam equipped with a first and a second anchor bolting machine, the telescopic front beam can be quickly extended after the tunneling machine completes a row of cutting operations, so as to promptly complete the anchoring operation of the top anchor bolts and upper side anchor bolts in the area where the roof has just been exposed at the front of the roadway. This can solve the problems of untimely roadway anchoring and poor anchoring effect in the existing "delayed tunneling and anchoring method", and enable the equipment to adapt to the requirements of roadway tunneling and anchoring operations under various complex geological conditions such as broken roofs.

[0034] 5. By employing a tunneling machine to simultaneously perform tunneling and cutting operations at the front and installing top anchor cables and lower side anchor bolts at the rear, and by promptly providing temporary support for the newly exposed roof at the tunnel's front end and installing top and upper side anchor bolts after the tunneling and cutting operations are completed, a new type of tunneling and anchoring method has been formed. This method combines the advantages of both "timely tunneling and anchoring" and "delayed tunneling and anchoring" methods, ensuring timely anchoring operations while also enabling some tunneling and anchoring to proceed in parallel. In this new method, the personnel working on the anchoring operations at the front also work on the anchoring operations at the rear, with personnel alternating between the front and rear, making full use of the work time and solving the problem of excessive manpower required for the anchoring operations in the existing "delayed tunneling and anchoring" method.

[0035] 6. By using telescopic front beams with large support width and high support strength, better temporary support can be provided for newly exposed roadway roof, resulting in higher safety protection capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a side view of the tunneling and cutting state (step one) in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a side view of the front anchoring state (step two) in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Top view;

[0040] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The front view;

[0041] Figure 5 This is a front view of the gantry mechanism in Embodiment 1;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a side view of the front anchoring state (step two) in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 The front view;

[0044] Figure 8 This is a front view of the gantry mechanism in Embodiment 2;

[0045] Figure 9 yes Figure 6 A-direction view of the central shovel loading section;

[0046] Figure 10 This is a side view of the front anchoring state (step two) in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 The front view;

[0048] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A top view of a tunnel boring machine.

[0049] Figure 13 This is an embodiment of another arrangement of the fourth anchor bolt machine adjustment mechanism and the extended shovel device.

[0050] In the diagram: 1. Tunneling machine, 1-1. Frame, 1-2. Turntable, 1-3. Cutting section, 1-4. Loading section, 1-4-1. Extended shovel, 1-4-2. Extended cylinder, 1-5. Conveyor, 1-6. Traveling section, 1-7. Rear support section, 1-7-1. Rear support seat, 1-7-2. Rear support cylinder, 1-7-3. Lateral support seat I, 1-7-4. Lateral support cylinder I, 2. Gantry mechanism, 2-1. Top beam, 2-1-1. Crossbeam, 2-1-2. Longitudinal beam, 2-1-3. Floating support, 2-1-4. Support cylinder, 2-2. Vertical guide mechanism, 2-2-1. Inner sliding column, 2-2-2. Outer sliding sleeve, 2-2-3. Four-bar linkage, 2-2-4. Balance cylinder, 2-3. Column, 2-4. Base, 2-5. Inclined pull cylinder, 2-6. Pin I, 2-7. Pin II, 2-8. Pin III, 3. Telescopic front beam, 3-1. Front crossbeam, 3-2. Telescopic longitudinal beam, 3-3. Upper guide column, 3-4. Forward support plate, 3-5. Lateral support seat II, 3-6. Lateral support cylinder II, 4. First rotary slide, 5. First anchor bolting machine, 6. Second rotary slide, 7. Second anchor bolting machine, 8. Third rotary slide, 9. Third anchor bolting machine, 10. Fourth rotary slide, 11. Fourth anchor bolting machine, 12. Lower support, 12-1. Guide cylinder, 13. Lower guide column, 13-1. Guide rod, 13-2. Adjusting cylinder, 14. Forward drilling rig. Detailed Implementation

[0051] It should be noted that features in the various embodiments can be combined with each other unless there is conflict. The term "dugout and anchor" used in this application is an abbreviation for the two operations of tunneling and cutting, and anchor bolt and cable support. The term "dugout and anchor support" is an abbreviation for the three operations of tunneling and cutting, anchor bolt and cable support, and temporary support. Unless otherwise specified, "dugout and anchor" generally also includes the content of "dugout and anchor support." The term "anchor support" is an abbreviation for anchor bolt and cable support operation. The term "row spacing" refers to the pre-set distance between two rows of anchor bolts. Sequential terms such as "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. In this application, directional terms such as "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," "down," "longitudinal," and "transverse" are determined by the direction of the tunneling machine shown in the accompanying drawings, with the tunneling machine's direction of travel as the front and the tunneling machine's longitudinal direction as the longitudinal direction. These directional terms are not intended to limit the invention.

[0052] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0053] Example 1

[0054] This embodiment is mainly applicable to roadways with rectangular cross-sections where the top and bottom plates are horizontally parallel.

[0055] See attached document Figures 1 to 4 The gantry-type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine includes a cantilever tunneling machine 1. The cantilever tunneling machine 1 includes a frame 1-1, a rotary table 1-2 located above the frame 1-1, a cantilever cutting section 1-3 with a transverse cutting roller hinged to the front of the rotary table 1-2, a shoveling section 1-4 hinged to the lower front of the frame 1-1, a transport machine 1-5 located in the middle of the frame 1-1, two traveling sections 1-6 fixed to the lower left and right sides of the frame 1-1, and two rear support sections 1-7 hinged to the rear left and right sides of the frame 1-1. The rear support section 1-7 includes a rear support seat 1-7-1 hinged to the frame 1-1, and a rear support cylinder 1-7-2 hinged between the frame 1-1 and the rear support seat 1-7-1. The gantry-type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine also includes a gantry mechanism 2 located above the frame 1-1 that can be raised and lowered, and a telescopic front beam 3.

[0056] Further refer to the appendix Figure 5The gantry mechanism 2 includes a top beam 2-1, two sets of left and right vertical guide mechanisms 2-2, and two sets of left and right columns 2-3. The two sets of left and right vertical guide mechanisms 2-2 each include two mating inner sliding columns 2-2-1 and outer sliding sleeves 2-2-2. The bottom of the outer sliding sleeves 2-2-2 is fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the frame 1-1. The top of the inner sliding columns 2-2-1 is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam 2-1 via transversely arranged pins Ⅲ 2-8 and can swing back and forth. The function of the vertical guide mechanisms 2-2 is to limit the movement of the top beam 2-1 in both longitudinal and transverse directions and provide necessary longitudinal and transverse support. Each set of left and right columns 2-3 consists of two columns, one in front and one behind, arranged in front of and behind the vertical guide mechanisms 2-2 respectively. The lower part of the columns 2-3 is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame 1-1, and the upper part of the columns 2-3 is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam 2-1. When the column 2-3 extends, it drives the top beam 2-1 to rise. Under the constraint of the vertical guide mechanism 2-2, the top beam 2-1 rises and supports the roof. At the same time, the supporting reaction force at the bottom of the column 2-3 acts on the frame 1-1 and presses the tunneling machine 1 firmly against the tunnel floor. When the extension and retraction strokes of the front and rear columns 2-3 are inconsistent, the top beam 2-1 can generate a longitudinal tilt angle relative to the frame 1-1 to adapt to the longitudinal angular changes of the tunnel roof.

[0057] The telescopic front beam 3 includes a front crossbeam 3-1 and two telescopic longitudinal beams 3-2 fixed to the rear side of the front crossbeam. The telescopic longitudinal beams 3-2 are fitted into the top beam 2-1 from the front and can extend and retract back and forth. A transverse guide rail is fixed to the front side of the front crossbeam 3-1, and two first rotary slides 4 are fitted into the transverse guide rail. Two first anchor bolting machines 5 are respectively hinged to the two first rotary slides 4. Driving the first rotary slides 4 can drive the first anchor bolting machines 5 to move left and right along the front crossbeam 3-1. This drive device adopts a gear and rack mechanism. The first anchor bolting machines 5 are mainly used to install top anchor bolts in the roadway roof.

[0058] Two upper side guide posts 3-3 are fixed to the lower side of the front crossbeam 3-1. A vertical guide rail is fixed to the rear side of the upper side guide posts 3-3. The second rotary slide 6 is fitted into the vertical guide rail. The two second anchor bolting machines 7 are hinged to the second rotary slide 6 respectively. Driving the second rotary slide 6 can drive the second anchor bolting machines 7 to move up and down along the upper side guide posts 3-3. This driving device uses a lifting cylinder installed in the upper side guide posts 3-3. The second anchor bolting machines 7 are mainly used to install upper side anchor bolts on the upper part of the roadway sidewall. The second anchor bolting machines 7 are arranged behind the upper side guide posts 3-3 to ensure that the first anchor bolting machine 5 and the second anchor bolting machine 7 do not interfere with each other during operation and can work simultaneously, ensuring work efficiency. At this time, the second anchor bolting machine 7 lags behind the first anchor bolting machine 5 by one row distance.

[0059] A series of spaced-ahead support plates 3-4 are fixed to the top of the front crossbeam 3-1. The spacing between the support plates 3-4 provides the necessary space for the anchor bolts to pass through when they are installed, and also prevents the front crossbeam 3-1 from squeezing the tail ends of the installed anchor bolts after retraction. Grooves are also provided on the top of the support plates 3-4 to define the front and rear positions of the steel strips. The support plates 3-4 are used to support the anchor mesh and steel strips to be anchored, and also provide temporary support for the roadway roof. The support plates 3-4 are made of elastic material to adapt to irregular changes in the front end of the roadway roof.

[0060] Two lateral support seats II3-5 are hinged at both ends of the front crossbeam 3-1. The side support cylinder II3-6 is hinged between the lateral support seat II3-5 and the upper guide column 3-3. When the side support cylinder II3-6 extends, it can drive the two lateral support seats II3-5 to swing outward and provide lateral support on the side of the roadway, thereby limiting the lateral displacement of the front crossbeam 3-1 and the upper guide column 3-3, and ensuring reliable lateral positioning during the construction of the upper anchor bolt.

[0061] The top beam 2-1 of the gantry mechanism 2 also includes a crossbeam 2-1-1. Two longitudinal beams 2-1-2 are fixed to the ends of the crossbeam 2-1-1, one on the left and one on the right. A telescopic longitudinal beam 3-2 is fitted inside the longitudinal beam 2-1-2 and can extend and retract three rows forward and backward via a telescopic cylinder located within the longitudinal beam 2-1-2. A transverse guide rail is fixed to the rear side of the crossbeam 2-1-1. Two third rotary slides 8 are fitted into the transverse guide rail. Two third anchor bolting machines 9 are hinged to the two third rotary slides 8 respectively. Driving the third rotary slides 8 moves the third anchor bolting machines 9 left and right along the crossbeam 2-1-1. This drive device uses a rack and pinion mechanism. The third anchor bolting machines 9 are mainly used for installing top anchor cables in the tunnel roof. To avoid the top of the crossbeam 2-1-1 pressing against the end of the installed top anchor bolt, the top of the crossbeam 2-1-1 should maintain an appropriate distance from the tunnel roof.

[0062] Two floating supports 2-1-3 are respectively installed at the rear of the two longitudinal beams 2-1-2. Each floating support 2-1-3 also includes four supporting cylinders 2-1-4. The four supporting cylinders 2-1-4 are fixed symmetrically on the left and right sides of the longitudinal beam 2-1-2 in pairs. The top of each supporting cylinder 2-1-4 is hinged to the floating support 2-1-3. The oil pipes between the eight supporting cylinders 2-1-4 are connected in series, so that each supporting cylinder 2-1-4 has floating balance performance. Since the roof of the roadway is uneven, by setting up floating supports 2-1-3 with automatic balancing function, the floating supports 2-1-3 can maintain uniform contact with the roadway roof and the top beam 2-1 can be evenly stressed, avoiding torsional deformation of the top beam 2-1 and the telescopic front beam 3.

[0063] The function of the gantry mechanism 2 is to press the tunneling machine 1 vertically when the tunneling machine 1 is in the cutting operation, forming a stable construction platform for the top anchor cable and the lower side anchor bolt; and to support the extended telescopic front beam 3 vertically when the tunneling machine 1 is in the anchoring operation, forming a temporary support function and a construction platform for the top anchor bolt and the upper side anchor bolt.

[0064] Two lower side supports 12 are fixed on the left and right sides of the rear of the frame 1-1. Lower side guide posts 13 are provided on the lower side supports 12. A longitudinal sliding mechanism including a guide cylinder 12-1, a guide rod 13-1, and an adjusting cylinder 13-2 is provided between the lower side supports 12 and the lower side guide posts 13. The two longitudinally parallel guide cylinders 12-1 are located inside the lower side supports 12. Correspondingly, the lower side guide posts 13 are also fixed with two longitudinally parallel guide rods 13-1. The lower side guide posts 13, with the guide rods 13-1 fixed, are fitted from the rear into the guide cylinders 12-1 of the lower side supports 12. The adjusting cylinder 13-2 is hinged between the lower side supports 12 and the lower side guide posts 13. The telescopic adjusting cylinder 13-2 allows the lower side guide posts 13 to slide longitudinally back and forth parallel to the guide cylinders 12-1. A vertical guide rail is fixed to the lower guide post 13. The fourth rotary slide 10 is fitted inside the vertical guide rail. The two fourth anchor bolting machines 11 are hinged to the fourth rotary slide 10 respectively. Driving the fourth rotary slide 10 can move the fourth anchor bolting machines 11 up and down along the lower guide post 13. This driving device uses a lifting cylinder installed inside the lower guide post. The fourth anchor bolting machine 11 is mainly used to install lower side anchor bolts on the lower part of the roadway sidewall. The longitudinal sliding mechanism is used for the forward and backward parallel sliding adjustment of the fourth anchor bolting machine 11.

[0065] Each of the aforementioned rotary slides and each anchor bolting machine is hinged with a swing cylinder, which can adjust the swing angle of the anchor bolting machine in the cross section of the roadway.

[0066] On the left and right sides of the loading section 1-4, there are two sets of extended shovel devices, including an extended shovel plate 1-4-1, an extended hydraulic cylinder 1-4-2, and a telescopic guide rod. The telescopic guide rod and the extended hydraulic cylinder 1-4-2 are located between the loading section 1-4 and the extended shovel plate 1-4-1 and form a lateral telescopic mechanism. The extended shovel plate 1-4-1 uses this lateral telescopic mechanism to complete the lateral parallel telescopic extension action.

[0067] Two sets of lateral support devices, each consisting of a lateral support seat I1-7-3 and a lateral support cylinder I1-7-4, are also provided on the left and right sides of the rear of the frame 1-1. The lateral support seat I1-7-3 is hinged to the frame 1-1, and the lateral support cylinder I1-7-4 is hinged between the lateral support seat I1-7-3 and the frame 1-1, forming a lateral swing mechanism. The lateral support seat I1-7-3 uses this lateral swing mechanism to complete the lateral support action. By setting an extended shovel device at the front of the tunneling machine 1 and a lateral support device at the rear, the front and rear of the tunneling machine 1 can be limited by the left and right sides of the roadway, avoiding lateral swing of the frame 1-1 during cutting operations.

[0068] During the tunnel excavation process, it is also necessary to periodically drill exploratory holes ahead of the tunnel to pre-determine the geological conditions. Therefore, the cutting section 1-3 is also equipped with an exploratory drilling machine 14 for drilling exploratory holes. In order to ensure that the tunnel cutting end face is as flat as possible, the cutting section 1-3 also includes a longitudinal telescopic mechanism for the extension and retraction of the cutting head.

[0069] Furthermore, to facilitate the operation of construction personnel, foldable operating pedals, compatible with the first and second anchor bolt machines, are respectively installed at the lower end of the first anchor bolt machine 5 and the lower end of the upper guide post 3-3. To ensure the safety of construction personnel at the front end of the roadway, a foldable front protective plate is also installed on the front side of the first anchor bolt machine 5. The operating pedals and the front protective plate are unfolded when the anchor bolt machine is in operation and folded up when the tunneling machine is cutting.

[0070] Furthermore, a vertical support cylinder can be installed inside the upper guide post 3-3 to provide auxiliary support after the telescopic front beam 3 extends, thereby improving the temporary support effect.

[0071] Furthermore, an air intake duct and an exhaust dust removal duct that move simultaneously with the tunneling machine 1 are also provided on the underside of the top beam 2-1 and / or on the tunneling machine 1 for tunnel ventilation and dust removal.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment is mainly applicable to roadways with trapezoidal cross-sections where the top and bottom plates are not parallel laterally.

[0074] See attached document Figures 6 to 8As another improvement to the gantry mechanism 2, this embodiment of the gantry mechanism 2 includes a top beam 2-1, two sets of left and right vertical guide mechanisms 2-2, two sets of left and right columns 2-3, two sets of left and right bases 2-4, and two sets of left and right inclined hydraulic cylinders 2-5. The two sets of left and right vertical guide mechanisms 2-2 include two inner sliding columns 2-2-1 and outer sliding sleeves 2-2-2 that fit together. The bottom of the inner sliding column 2-2-1 is hinged to the base 2-4 by a horizontally arranged pin I 2-6 and can swing back and forth. The base 2-4 is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame 1-1 by a longitudinally arranged pin II 2-7 and can swing left and right. The top of the outer sliding sleeve 2-2-2 is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam 2-1 by a longitudinally arranged pin III 2-8 and can swing left and right. The two sets of inclined hydraulic cylinders 2-5 are symmetrically and obliquely hinged between the top beam 2-1 and the two outer sliding sleeves 2-2-2. By setting the hinged base 2-4, the two inner sliding columns 2-2-1 on the left and right can swing back and forth and left and right relative to the frame 1-1. By setting the inclined hydraulic cylinder 2-5, the top beam 2-1 and the two outer sliding sleeves 2-2-2 on the left and right can swing back and forth and restrain each other. Each of the two sets of columns 2-3 on the left and right is divided into two columns, front and back, and is arranged on the front and back sides of the vertical guide mechanism 2-2 respectively. The lower part of the column 2-3 is hinged to the upper part of the base 2-4, and the upper part of the column 2-3 is hinged to the lower part of the left and right sides of the top beam 2-1. When the extension and retraction strokes of the left and right columns 2-3 and the left and right inclined hydraulic cylinders 2-5 are inconsistent, the top beam 2-1 can generate a lateral tilt angle relative to the frame 1-1 to adapt to the case of trapezoidal roadways where the roadway roof and floor are not parallel laterally. When the extension and retraction strokes of the front and rear columns 2-3 are inconsistent, the top beam 2-1 can also generate a longitudinal tilt angle relative to the frame 1-1 to adapt to the longitudinal angle changes of the roadway roof.

[0075] In this embodiment, the vertical guide rail of the second anchor bolting machine 7 is fixed to the front side of the upper guide post 3-3. The second rotary slide 6 is fitted inside the vertical guide rail, and the two second anchor bolting machines 7 on the left and right are respectively hinged to the second rotary slide 6. The second anchor bolting machine 7 is arranged in front of the upper guide post 3-3 to ensure that the second anchor bolting machine 7 and the first anchor bolting machine 5 are in the same longitudinal position, which is used for timely anchoring of the upper anchor bolt when special geological conditions do not allow the upper anchor bolt to be anchored late. At this time, the first anchor bolting machine 5 and the second anchor bolting machine 7 will partially interfere with each other during operation, and only partial simultaneous operation can be achieved.

[0076] In this embodiment, the two floating supports 2-1-3 on the left and right can also be arranged in another way as shown in the figure. In this case, each floating support 2-1-3 is equipped with two front and rear support cylinders 2-1-4. The support cylinders 2-1-4 are fixed in the middle of the longitudinal beam 2-1-2. The top of the support cylinders 2-1-4 is hinged to the floating support 2-1-3. The oil pipes between the four support cylinders 2-1-4 on the left and right are connected in series. Each support cylinder 2-1-4 has a floating balance function.

[0077] like Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the expansion action of the expansion shovel device adopts an up-and-down flipping mechanism. At this time, the inner side of the expansion shovel 1-4-1 and the outer side of the shovel mounting part 1-4 are hinged by a longitudinally arranged hinge pin. The expansion cylinder 1-4-2 is hinged between the expansion shovel 1-4-1 and the shovel mounting part 1-4. The telescopic expansion cylinder 1-4-2 can make the expansion shovel 1-4-1 flip up and down around the longitudinal hinge pin to achieve the expansion action.

[0078] In this embodiment, the cutting section 1-3 adopts a longitudinal cutting roller arrangement.

[0079] The structure of other parts in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0080] Example 3

[0081] This embodiment is mainly applicable to tunnels with arched cross-sections where the roof is circular.

[0082] See attached document Figure 10 and Figure 11 At this point, the front crossbeam 3-1 is an arch shape adapted to the arc-shaped roof. Four first anchor bolt machines 5 are symmetrically hinged to the front side of the arched front crossbeam 3-1, and two more are symmetrically hinged to the rear side. These six first anchor bolt machines 5, hinged to the front and rear sides of the front crossbeam 3-1, can complete the installation of six roof anchor bolts in the middle of the arched tunnel. The anchor bolt machines on the front and rear sides are arranged alternately. The transverse guide rail, first rotary slide 4, upper guide column 3-3, second anchor bolt machine 7, and lateral support seat II 3-5 are no longer installed on the front crossbeam 3-1. Swing cylinders for adjusting the lateral swing angle of the anchor bolt machines are hinged between the front crossbeam 3-1 and the first anchor bolt machines 5.

[0083] In this embodiment, two third anchor bolting machines 9 are symmetrically hinged to the front side of the crossbeam 2-1-1. These third anchor bolting machines 9 are not equipped with transverse guide rails and cannot move laterally; their lateral swing angle can only be adjusted by a swing cylinder located between the crossbeam 2-1-1 and the anchor bolting machine. This arrangement further reduces the lag distance of the third anchor bolting machines 9.

[0084] See attached document Figure 10 and Figure 11As an alternative to the vertical guide mechanism 2-2 in the gantry mechanism 2, this embodiment adopts the form of two sets of vertical guide mechanisms 2-2, including two sets of four-bar linkages 2-2-3 and two balance cylinders 2-2-4. The bottom of the four-bar linkage 2-2-3 is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame 1-1 through a horizontally arranged pin I 2-6 and can swing back and forth. The top of the four-bar linkage 2-2-3 is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam 2-1 through a horizontally arranged pin III 2-8 and can swing back and forth. The left and right columns 2-3 are respectively arranged in front of the four-bar linkage 2-2-3. The lower part of the column 2-3 is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame 1-1, and the upper part of the column 2-3 is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam 2-1. The balance cylinder 2-2-4 is obliquely hinged between the top beam 2-1 and the four-bar linkage 2-2-3. Adjusting the extension and retraction stroke of the balance cylinder 2-2-4 can make the top beam 2-1 tilt relative to the frame 1-1 at a longitudinal angle.

[0085] like Figure 12 As shown, the expansion action of the extended shovel device in this embodiment adopts a lateral swing mechanism. At this time, the fan-shaped extended shovel 1-4-1 is hinged to the shovel mounting part 1-4 by a vertically arranged hinge pin. An extension cylinder 1-4-2 is hinged between the rear end of the extended shovel 1-4-1 and the shovel mounting part 1-4. The extension cylinder 1-4-2 can extend and swing the extended shovel 1-4-1 around the vertical hinge pin.

[0086] like Figure 10 , Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the lateral support device employs an oblique telescopic mechanism for its lateral support action. At this time, the rear support portion 1-7 is obliquely extended to the left and right sides. The lateral support seat I1-7-3 is fitted inside the rear support seat 1-7-1. The lateral support cylinder I1-7-4 is hinged between the lateral support seat I1-7-3 and the rear support seat 1-7-1, and the rear support cylinder 1-7-2 is hinged between the frame 1-1 and the rear support seat 1-7-1. When the rear support cylinder 1-7-2 and the lateral support cylinder I1-7-4 extend simultaneously, they will cause the rear support seat 1-7-1 to swing downwards and the lateral support seat I1-7-3 to extend obliquely backwards. This oblique telescopic mechanism provides both rear and lateral support functions.

[0087] In this embodiment, the cutting section 1-3 adopts a longitudinal cutting roller arrangement.

[0088] The structure of other parts in this embodiment is the same as that in Embodiment 1.

[0089] This invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and its structure can be modified in some ways, for example:

[0090] like Figure 13As shown, the adjustment mechanism for adjusting the front-to-back distance of the fourth anchor bolt machine 11 can also be a rotary swing mechanism. In this case, the two lower side supports 12 and the lower side guide column 13 are hinged by vertical hinge pins. The adjusting cylinder 13-2 is hinged between the lower side support 12 and the lower side guide column 13. The telescopic adjusting cylinder 13-2 can make the lower side guide column 13 rotate and swing around the vertical hinge pin, thereby driving the fourth anchor bolt machine 11, which is set on the lower side guide column 13, to swing and adjust back and forth. However, this structure cannot guarantee that the axis of the fourth anchor bolt machine 11 is perpendicular to the sidewall of the roadway.

[0091] like Figure 13 As shown, the extended shovel device with a lateral swing mechanism can also be arranged in another way. In this case, the fan-shaped extended shovel 1-4-1 and the shovel loading part 1-4 are hinged together by a vertical hinge pin located at the rear end. A swingable extended cylinder 1-4-2 is hinged between the extended shovel 1-4-1 and the shovel loading part 1-4. The telescopic extended cylinder 1-4-2 can cause the extended shovel 1-4-1 to swing around the vertical hinge pin.

[0092] In this invention, the lateral support device can also be replaced by a lateral telescopic mechanism. In this case, the lateral support device includes a lateral support seat I1-7-3, a lateral support cylinder I1-7-4, and a telescopic guide rod. The telescopic guide rod and the lateral support cylinder I1-7-4 are located between the frame 1-1 and the lateral support seat I1-7-3 and form a lateral telescopic mechanism. The lateral support seat I1-7-3 uses this lateral telescopic mechanism to complete the parallel lateral support action.

[0093] In this invention, the floating support 2-1-3 located at the rear of the longitudinal beam 2-1-2 can be made directly from an elastic material, without the need for a support cylinder 2-1-4.

[0094] Based on the aforementioned gantry-type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine, this application also provides a tunneling and anchoring construction method. The tunneling and anchoring construction method includes:

[0095] Step 1: Drive the tunneling machine 1 forward, and the cutting section 1-3 cuts into the tunnel end face by one row spacing; raise the gantry mechanism 2, and extend the extended shovel 1-4-1 and the lateral support seat I 1-7-3; the cutting section 1-3 swings according to the predetermined trajectory to complete the cutting operation of one row spacing of the entire tunnel end face in a positioning cutting method; at the same time as the cutting operation, operate the third anchor bolt machine 9 and the fourth anchor bolt machine 11 to complete the installation and anchoring operation of the top anchor cable and the lower side anchor bolt for one row spacing;

[0096] Step 2: Lower the gantry mechanism 2, and lay the steel strip and anchor mesh on the top of the telescopic front beam 3; extend the telescopic front beam 3, raise the gantry mechanism 2, and complete the temporary support operation; operate the first anchor bolt machine 5 and the second anchor bolt machine 7 to complete the installation and anchoring of the top anchor bolt and upper side anchor bolt of one row spacing; lower the gantry mechanism 2, retract the telescopic front beam 3, and retract the extended shovel plate 1-4-1 and the lateral support seat I1-7-3;

[0097] After completing step two, repeat step one, alternating in this cycle until the excavation and anchoring of the entire tunnel is completed.

Claims

1. A roadway excavation and anchoring construction method of a portal-type excavation and anchoring machine, the portal-type excavation and anchoring machine comprising an excavator (1), the excavator (1) comprising a frame (1-1), a cutting part (1-3) provided with a transverse cutting drum or a longitudinal cutting drum hinged to the upper front of the frame (1-1), a shovel loading part (1-4) hinged to the lower front of the frame (1-1), a conveyor (1-5) located at the middle of the frame (1-1), two traveling parts (1-6) located below the left and right sides of the frame (1-1), and two rear support parts (1-7) hinged to the rear of the left and right sides of the frame (1-1), characterized in that, The gantry-type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine also includes a gantry mechanism (2) located above the frame (1-1) and a telescopic front beam (3) that can be raised and lowered. The gantry mechanism (2) includes a top beam (2-1), two sets of left and right vertical guide mechanisms (2-2), and two sets of left and right columns (2-3). The bottom of the vertical guide mechanisms (2-2) and the columns (2-3) are connected to the left and right sides of the frame (1-1), and the top of the vertical guide mechanisms (2-2) and the columns (2-3) are hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam (2-1). The telescopic front beam (3) includes a front crossbeam (3-1) and a beam fixed to the front crossbeam (3-1). The left and right telescopic longitudinal beams (3-2) on the rear side are fitted into the top beam (2-1) from the front and can extend and retract. Several first anchor bolt machines (5) are installed on the front cross beam (3-1). Two upper guide columns (3-3) are fixed on the front cross beam (3-1). A second anchor bolt machine (7) is installed on the upper guide column (3-3). Two lower support seats (12) are fixed on the left and right sides of the rear of the frame (1-1). A lower guide column (13) is installed on the lower support seat (12). A fourth anchor bolt machine (11) is installed on the lower guide column (13). The top beam (2-1) includes a crossbeam (2-1-1), and two longitudinal beams (2-1-2) are fixed at both ends of the crossbeam (2-1-1). The telescopic longitudinal beam (3-2) is fitted inside the longitudinal beam (2-1-2) and can be extended and retracted back and forth by telescopic cylinders. A third anchor bolt machine (9) is also provided on the crossbeam (2-1-1). On the left and right sides of the loading section (1-4), there are also two sets of extended shovel plate devices, including extended shovel plates (1-4-1) and extended hydraulic cylinders (1-4-2); The rear support (1-7) is also provided with two sets of left and right side support seats I (1-7-3); Tunnel excavation and anchoring construction methods include: Step 1: Drive the tunneling machine (1) forward, and the cutting section (1-3) cuts into the tunnel end face by one row spacing; raise the gantry mechanism (2), extend the extended shovel (1-4-1) and the lateral support seat I (1-7-3); the cutting section (1-3) swings according to the predetermined trajectory to complete the cutting operation of one row spacing of the entire tunnel end face in the positioning cutting method; at the same time as the cutting operation, operate the third anchor bolt machine (9) and the fourth anchor bolt machine (11) to complete the installation and anchoring operation of the top anchor cable and the lower side anchor bolt of one row spacing; Step 2: Lower the gantry mechanism (2), place the steel strip and anchor mesh on the top of the telescopic front beam (3); extend the telescopic front beam (3), raise the gantry mechanism (2), and complete the temporary support operation; operate the first anchor bolt machine (5) and the second anchor bolt machine (7) to complete the installation and anchoring of the top anchor bolt and the upper side anchor bolt of one row spacing; lower the gantry mechanism (2), retract the telescopic front beam (3), and retract the extended shovel plate (1-4-1) and the lateral support seat I (1-7-3); after completing Step 2, repeat Step 1, and so on, alternating and cycling until the excavation and anchoring construction of the entire tunnel is completed.

2. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type integrated excavator and anchorage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, A transverse guide rail is fixed on the front crossbeam (3-1). Several first rotary slides (4) are fitted inside the transverse guide rail. Several first anchor bolting machines (5) are respectively hinged to the first rotary slides (4). Driving the first rotary slides (4) can drive the first anchor bolting machines (5) to move left and right along the front crossbeam (3-1).

3. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type integrated excavator and anchorage machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, A set of spaced-out forward support plates (3-4) are fixed at the top of the front crossbeam (3-1). Two side support seats II (3-5) are hinged at both ends of the front crossbeam (3-1). The side support cylinder II (3-6) is hinged between the side support seat II (3-5) and the upper guide column (3-3).

4. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type integrated excavator and anchorage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Floating supports (2-1-3) are also provided at the rear of the two longitudinal beams (2-1-2) on the left and right.

5. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type integrated excavator and anchorage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The left and right vertical guide mechanisms (2-2) also include two inner sliding columns (2-2-1) and outer sliding sleeves (2-2-2) that fit together. The bottom of the outer sliding sleeve (2-2-2) is fixedly connected to the left and right sides of the frame (1-1). The top of the inner sliding column (2-2-1) is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam (2-1) through the horizontally arranged pin III (2-8) and can swing back and forth. Each of the left and right columns (2-3) is divided into two columns, front and back, and is arranged in front and back of the vertical guide mechanism (2-2). The lower part of the column (2-3) is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame (1-1), and the upper part of the column (2-3) is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam (2-1).

6. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type integrated excavator and anchorage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gantry mechanism (2) also includes two bases (2-4) on the left and right, and two sets of inclined hydraulic cylinders (2-5) on the left and right. The two sets of vertical guide mechanisms (2-2) also include two inner sliding columns (2-2-1) and outer sliding sleeves (2-2-2) that fit together on the left and right. The bottom of the inner sliding column (2-2-1) is hinged to the left and right bases (2-4) respectively through a horizontally arranged pin I (2-6) and can swing back and forth. The base (2-4) is hinged to the left and right sides of the frame (1-1) respectively through a longitudinally arranged pin II (2-7) and can swing left and right. The outer sliding sleeve ( The top of 2-2-2) is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam (2-1) by a longitudinally arranged pin III (2-8) and can swing left and right. Two sets of inclined hydraulic cylinders (2-5) are symmetrically hinged between the top beam (2-1) and the two outer sliding sleeves (2-2-2). Each of the two sets of columns (2-3) is divided into two front and rear columns and is arranged on the front and rear sides of the vertical guide mechanism (2-2). The lower part of the column (2-3) is hinged to the upper part of the base (2-4), and the upper part of the column (2-3) is hinged to the lower left and right sides of the top beam (2-1).

7. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A front-to-back adjustment mechanism is provided between the lower support (12) and the lower guide post (13), through which the front-to-back adjustment of the fourth anchor bolt machine (11) can be realized.

8. The tunnel excavation and anchoring construction method of the gantry-type tunneling and anchoring integrated machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The rear support part (1-7) is also provided with a side support cylinder I (1-7-4), which is hinged between the side support seat I (1-7-3) and the frame (1-1) to form a side swing mechanism.

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