Longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, comprising a turning device equipped with a longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism. The longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism comprises a flange, a Morse taper, a horn, and a piezoelectric ceramic disc. The flange is coaxially mounted on the Morse taper. An elastic collet is mounted on the shank end of the Morse taper. A locking nut is mounted on the elastic collet. A twist drill is plugged into and connected to the elastic collet and secured to the elastic collet via the locking nut. The horn comprises at least three horns, which are evenly distributed on the flange and located on the same side as the taper end of the Morse taper. The piezoelectric ceramic disc is mounted on each horn. The present invention transmits longitudinal vibration at an oblique angle to the flange through the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism and converges the longitudinal vibration at that angle, thereby achieving longitudinal-torsional composite vibration drilling with the twist drill.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a drilling device, in particular to a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device. Background Art

[0002] In the field of mechanical processing, drilling has been increasingly widely used as a simple and commonly used processing method. However, some of its own characteristics also bring defects to the processing quality that cannot be overcome by conventional process conditions, such as poor hole surface processing quality, large coaxiality error, large hole size deviation, high drilling force, high drilling temperature, short tool life, etc. When drilling sticky materials such as stainless steel and titanium alloy, chip breaking is difficult, resulting in scratches on the workpiece surface.

[0003] Ultrasonic vibration drilling has a vibration frequency of over 20,000 Hz and an amplitude of 3 to 20 microns. It can transform continuous cutting into intermittent cutting, and has an essential advantage in overcoming the aforementioned processing defects. It has been widely researched, and some have been put into practical use with good results. However, existing ultrasonic vibration drilling devices are divided into single-excitation longitudinal vibration, torsional vibration, and longitudinal-torsional combined vibration. Drilling as an angled cutting method that only uses longitudinal vibration or torsional vibration is not as effective as longitudinal-torsional combined vibration in improving processing results. Currently, there are few drilling devices that can achieve longitudinal-torsional combined vibration. There is an urgent need to develop a drilling device with a simple structure and good longitudinal-torsional combined vibration effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device to solve the deficiencies in the prior art. It transmits the longitudinal vibration angle into the flange through the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism and converges it to achieve longitudinal-torsional composite vibration drilling of the twist drill.

[0005] The present invention provides a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, comprising a turning device, on which a longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism is installed. The longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism includes a flange, a Morse taper, a variable amplitude rod and a piezoelectric ceramic piece. The flange is arranged on the Morse taper, and the two are coaxially arranged. An elastic chuck is installed at the tapered shank end of the Morse taper, and a locking nut is installed on the elastic chuck. The twist drill is plugged into the elastic chuck and fixed to the elastic chuck by the locking nut. The number of the variable amplitude rods is at least 3, which are evenly distributed on the flange and are located on the same side as the tapered tail of the Morse taper. The piezoelectric ceramic piece is installed on each of the variable amplitude rods.

[0006] In the aforementioned longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, preferably, the amplitude transformer includes a first cylinder, a frustum and a second cylinder, one end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to the flange, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end with a smaller diameter of the frustum, and the end with a larger diameter of the frustum is fixedly connected to the second cylinder, and a mounting column is formed on the second cylinder, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece is sleeved on the mounting column and fixed to the mounting column by an end cover and a locking bolt.

[0007] In the aforementioned longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, preferably, the number of the amplitude transformers is 6.

[0008] In the aforementioned longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, preferably, at least two piezoelectric ceramic sheets are mounted on each of the amplitude transformers.

[0009] In the aforementioned longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, preferably, the axis of the amplitude transformer is line B, the projection of line B on the plane of the flange is line C, the line from the intersection of line B and the flange to the center of the flange is line A, the angle between line B and line C is 40 degrees to 70 degrees, and line A is perpendicular to line C.

[0010] In the aforementioned longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, preferably, the turning equipment includes a bed, a three-jaw chuck, a tool holder, a slide box and a tailstock, the three-jaw chuck is arranged at one end of the bed, the slide box and the tailstock can be movably installed on the bed, the tool holder is fixedly arranged on the slide box, and the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism is installed on the tailstock.

[0011] In the aforementioned longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, preferably, the slide box and the tailstock are rigidly connected via a connecting rod.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the present invention includes turning equipment and a longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism. The longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism includes a flange, a Morse cone, a variable amplitude rod and a piezoelectric ceramic piece. The flange is arranged on the Morse cone, and the two are coaxially arranged. An elastic clamp is installed at the tapered shank end of the Morse cone, and a locking nut is installed on the elastic clamp. The twist drill is plugged into the elastic clamp and fixed to the elastic clamp by the locking nut. The number of variable amplitude rods is at least 3, evenly distributed on the flange, and located on the same side as the tapered tail of the Morse cone. A piezoelectric ceramic piece is installed on each variable amplitude rod.

[0013] The present invention has a simple structure. It transmits longitudinal vibration at an angle through a horn and piezoelectric ceramic discs, converging them at the flange, achieving longitudinal-torsional vibration drilling with a twist drill. Furthermore, the number of piezoelectric ceramic discs can be adjusted as needed, resulting in a more effective longitudinal-torsional vibration drilling process. This reduces drilling force and heat, improves chip breaking during drilling, and enhances hole processing accuracy and quality, particularly for difficult-to-machine materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 2 It is the axonometric drawing of the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism;

[0016] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of one end of the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism;

[0017] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the amplitude transformer and the piezoelectric ceramic piece.

[0018] Explanation of the accompanying numbers: 1-flange, 2-Morse taper, 3-amplifier, 4-piezoelectric ceramic, 5-elastic clamp, 6-locking nut, 7-twist drill, 8-first cylinder, 9-cone, 10-second cylinder, 11-mounting column, 12-end cover, 13-locking bolt, 14-bed, 15-three-jaw chuck, 16-tool holder, 17-slide box, 18-tailstock, 19-connecting rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0020] Embodiments of the present invention: Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, a longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device includes a turning device, which is equipped with a longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism. The turning device can be equipped with equipment in the prior art. The longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism includes a flange 1, a Morse cone 2, a variable amplitude rod 3 and a piezoelectric ceramic piece 4. The flange 1 is arranged on the Morse cone 2, and the two are coaxially arranged and rigidly connected. An elastic clamp 5 is installed at the tapered shank end of the Morse cone 2, and the connection between the two is preferably a threaded connection. A locking nut 6 is installed on the elastic clamp 5, and a twist drill 7 is plugged into the elastic clamp 5 and fixed to the elastic clamp 5 by the locking nut 6. The number of variable amplitude rods 3 is at least 3, which are evenly distributed on the flange 1 and are located on the same side as the tapered tail of the Morse cone 2. A piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 is installed on each variable amplitude rod 3. The piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 is a circular ring structure and can be purchased directly.

[0021] During operation, all piezoelectric ceramic sheets 4 are provided with excitation signals by the same ultrasonic signal generator (not shown in the figure) to maintain the consistency of the vibration signal; the vibrations generated by all piezoelectric ceramic sheets 4 are simultaneously collected on the flange 1 through the amplitude rod 3, and the flange 113 decomposes the vibration in the inclined direction into circular vibration and longitudinal vibration, thereby realizing the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration of the twist drill 7.

[0022] The following is a detailed description of this case in conjunction with a specific turning equipment structure:

[0023] The turning equipment used in this embodiment includes a bed 14, a three-jaw chuck 15, a tool holder 16, a slide box 17 and a tailstock 18. The three-jaw chuck 15 is arranged at one end of the bed 14. The three-jaw chuck 15 is used to clamp the workpiece and rotate the workpiece at high speed. The slide box 17 and the tailstock 18 can be movably mounted on the bed 14. In order to enable the two to move synchronously, the two are rigidly connected by a connecting rod 19. The tool holder 16 is fixedly set on the slide box 17, and the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism is mounted on the tailstock 18 through a Morse taper 2 to ensure the concentricity of the two.

[0024] Furthermore, the amplitude transformer 3 includes a first cylinder 8, a conical body 9 and a second cylinder 10. One end of the first cylinder 8 is fixedly connected to the flange 1, and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the conical body 9 with a smaller diameter. The end of the conical body 9 with a larger diameter is fixedly connected to the second cylinder 10. A mounting column 11 is formed on the second cylinder 10, and the piezoelectric ceramic piece 4 is sleeved on the mounting column 11 and pre-tightened by the end cover 12 and the locking bolt 13.

[0025] It should be noted that the number of amplitude rods 3 and piezoelectric ceramic sheets 4 are selected according to actual needs, but the number of amplitude rods 3 cannot be less than 3, and the number of piezoelectric ceramic sheets 4 on each amplitude rod 3 cannot be less than 2. In this embodiment, the number of amplitude rods 3 is set to 6, and each amplitude rod 3 is installed with 3 piezoelectric ceramic sheets 4.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the axis of the amplitude transformer 3 is line B, the projection of line B on the plane of the flange 1 is line C, the line from the intersection of line B and the flange 1 to the center of the flange 1 is line A, the angle between line B and line C is 40 degrees to 70 degrees, preferably 60 degrees, and line A is perpendicular to line C.

[0027] The present invention includes a start-up step and a shutdown step when in use; the control method of the start-up step is as follows: first, the workpiece is clamped on the three-jaw chuck 15, the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism is installed on the tailstock 18, and the twist drill 7 is driven by the slide box 17 to slightly contact the workpiece, and then the workpiece is rotated to a given speed, and the ultrasonic generator power supply is turned on. The ultrasonic generator provides an excitation signal to the piezoelectric ceramic piece 4, and all the piezoelectric ceramic pieces 4 generate vibration. The vibration is collected on the flange 1 through the amplitude rod 3. The flange 1 decomposes the vibration in the inclined direction into circumferential vibration and longitudinal vibration, thereby realizing the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration of the twist drill 7, and then the twist drill 7 is driven by the slide box 17 to feed quantitatively to realize cutting processing of the workpiece.

[0028] The control method of the shutdown step is as follows: first, the twist drill 7 is driven to disengage from the workpiece through the slide box 17, then the power of the turning equipment is turned off to stop the rotation of the workpiece and remove the workpiece, and finally the power of the ultrasonic generator is turned off.

[0029] The above describes in detail the structure, features and effects of the present invention based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of implementation of the present invention is not limited to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of the present invention, or modifications to equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, which do not exceed the spirit covered by the description and drawings, should be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device, including a turning device, characterized in that: The turning equipment is provided with a longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism, and the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism comprises a flange (1), a Morse cone (2), an amplitude change rod (3) and a piezoelectric ceramic piece (4); the flange (1) is provided on the Morse cone (2), and the two are coaxially provided; an elastic clamp (5) is provided on the tapered shank end of the Morse cone (2); a locking nut (6) is provided on the elastic clamp (5); a twist drill (7) is plug-connected to the elastic clamp (5) and fixed to the elastic clamp (5) through the locking nut (6); the number of the amplitude change rods (3) is at least 3, which are evenly distributed on the flange (1) and are located on the same side as the tapered tail of the Morse cone (2); and each of the amplitude change rods (3) is provided with the piezoelectric ceramic piece (4); The amplitude changing rod (3) comprises a first cylinder (8), a frustum (9) and a second cylinder (10), one end of the first cylinder (8) is fixedly connected to the flange (1), and the other end is fixedly connected to the end of the frustum (9) with a smaller diameter, and the end of the frustum (9) with a larger diameter is fixedly connected to the second cylinder (10), and a mounting column (11) is formed on the second cylinder (10), and the piezoelectric ceramic piece (4) is sleeved on the mounting column (11) and fixed to the mounting column (11) by an end cover (12) and a locking bolt (13); The number of the amplitude change rods (3) is 6; at least two piezoelectric ceramic sheets (4) are mounted on each of the amplitude change rods (3); The axis of the amplitude transformer (3) is line B, the projection of line B on the plane of the flange (1) is line C, the line from the intersection of line B and the flange (1) to the center of the flange (1) is line A, the angle between line B and line C is 40 degrees to 70 degrees, and line A is perpendicular to line C.

2. The longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The turning equipment includes a bed (14), a three-jaw chuck (15), a tool holder (16), a slide box (17) and a tailstock (18), wherein the three-jaw chuck (15) is arranged at one end of the bed (14), the slide box (17) and the tailstock (18) are both movably mounted on the bed (14), the tool holder (16) is fixedly mounted on the slide box (17), and the longitudinal-torsional composite vibration mechanism is mounted on the tailstock (18).

3. The longitudinal-torsional composite ultrasonic vibration drilling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The slide box (17) and the tailstock (18) are rigidly connected via a connecting rod (19).

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