A composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone, comprising a buffer zone, wherein the buffer zone is composed of a first pebble ditch, an arbor and grass plant zone, a soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape zone, a second pebble ditch and an aquatic plant purification zone in order from the bank slope to the water body, so as to form a buffer zone with both the function of blocking and controlling non-point source pollution and taking into account the landscape benefits. The first pebble ditch, the arbor and grass plant zone, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape zone, the second pebble ditch and the aquatic plant purification zone are filtered layer by layer to effectively purify, infiltrate and store farmland and rainwater runoff. The buffer zone is mostly a combination of plants, and has simple operation and maintenance, low cost and strong operability. The damaged bank slope can be repaired with minimal disturbance, and it is an effective means to improve river water quality, control agricultural non-point source pollution and enhance the diversity of river landscape.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil and water conservation non-point source pollution prevention and control and ecological restoration, and in particular to a composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's economy and society, the water ecosystem has been severely tested. Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the main sources of water pollution. Due to the wide range, multiple sources and difficulty in monitoring of non-point source pollution, its pollution to the water environment has become more serious year by year, seriously affecting the quality of surface water. In addition, most of the riverside areas in rural areas of my country have been reclaimed as farmland, further increasing the risk of soil erosion and agricultural non-point source pollution. Reducing non-point source pollution with high efficiency and low investment has become a key issue in solving my country's water pollution.

[0003] The river and lake shoreline is a complex and special ecological interlaced zone. The construction of a vegetation buffer zone and filter belt along the river and lake shore can slow down the velocity of surface runoff, so that the solid particles suspended in the runoff are retained and settled in the buffer zone, so that the chances of dissolved pollutants in the runoff being adsorbed by the soil or absorbed by plants are greatly increased. In addition, studies have shown that the river and lake shore filter belt can also provide an ideal habitat for animals and plants. Therefore, it carries the task of preventing surface runoff from directly entering the water body and reducing non-point source pollution, which is of great significance for maintaining the dynamic balance of the ecosystem, improving the self-regulation and self-repair capabilities of river and lake water bodies, and improving the ecological environment along the line.

[0004] The relevant fields have gradually realized the importance of plant buffer zones along rivers and lakes, and have begun to build ecological revetments to manage rivers. However, in actual projects, runoff often stays in buffer zones for a short time, and the purification function of buffer zones cannot be fully utilized; secondly, there is little consideration for landscaping and biological habitats in buffer zones. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art and to provide a composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone with high efficiency interception, landscaping and suitable for biological habitat.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution provided by the present invention is:

[0007] A composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone comprises a buffer zone, wherein the buffer zone is composed of a first pebble ditch, an arbors and grasses area, a soil and water conservation shrub and grasses landscape area, a second pebble ditch and an aquatic plant purification area from the bank slope to the water body.

[0008] Preferably, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area is formed by planting a combination of soil and water conservation plants.

[0009] Preferably, the plants in the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area are planted in curved strips.

[0010] Preferably, the tree and grass plant area is composed of one or a combination of several of the following: weeping willow, metasequoia, maple poplar, Chinese tallow tree, camptotheca acuminata, and mulberry.

[0011] Preferably, the first pebble groove is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is pebbles with a particle size of 2cm-5cm, and the lower layer is gravel with a particle size of 1cm-2cm.

[0012] Preferably, the second pebble groove is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is gravel with a particle size of 1cm-2cm, and the lower layer is coarse sand.

[0013] Preferably, the width of the aquatic plant purification zone is greater than 0.3 m, and the planted species are one or a combination of yellow calamus, Cyperus rotundus, Pikespur, Zygophyllum, Phragmites australis, aquatic canna, and foxtail algae.

[0014] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that in the present invention, the buffer zone is composed of the first pebble ditch, the tree and grass plant area, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area, the second pebble ditch and the aquatic plant purification area from the bank slope to the water body, forming a buffer zone with both the function of blocking non-point source pollution and landscape benefits. Through the first pebble ditch, the tree and grass plant area, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area, the second pebble ditch and the aquatic plant purification area, the layers of filtration can effectively purify, infiltrate and store farmland and rainwater runoff, and the buffer zone is mostly a combination of plants, with simple operation and maintenance, low cost and strong operability. It can repair damaged bank slopes with minimal disturbance, which is an effective means to improve river water quality, control agricultural non-point source pollution and enhance the diversity of river landscape. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is a top view of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Description of reference numerals:

[0019] 1. The first pebble ditch, 2. The tree and grass plant area, 3. The soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area, 4. The second pebble ditch, 5. The aquatic plant purification area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] This section will describe in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention. The preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the accompanying drawings is to supplement the description of the text part of the specification with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and the overall technical solution of the present invention, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., and orientations or positional relationships indicated are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0022] In the description of the present invention, "several" means one or more, "more" means more than two, "greater than", "less than", "exceed" etc. are understood as not including the number itself, and "above", "below", "within" etc. are understood as including the number itself. If there is a description of "first" or "second", it is only used for the purpose of distinguishing the technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0023] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0024] Reference Figure 1The preferred embodiment of the present invention is a composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone, including a buffer zone, which is composed of a first pebble ditch 1, an arbor and grass plant area 2, a soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area 3, a second pebble ditch 4 and an aquatic plant purification area 5 from the bank slope to the water body, forming a buffer zone with both the function of blocking non-point source pollution and landscape benefits. The non-point source pollution first flows into the first pebble ditch 1 with rainwater runoff, and a part of large particles will be intercepted. The flow rate will also be reduced after passing through the first pebble ditch 1. The energy dissipation effect, and then it flows through the arbor and grass plant area 2. The arbor and grass plants have a good filtering effect and become the second line of defense; it continues to flow through the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area 3, which greatly prolongs the retention time and completely removes pollutants. Most of it was retained and absorbed, and then flowed through the second pebble ditch 4 at the bottom, and finally flowed through the aquatic plant area 5 into the river. Water quality sampling and monitoring data showed that after being intercepted and filtered by multiple layers of plant buffer zones, the water quality entering the river was greatly improved compared with the blank control area. It was filtered through the first pebble ditch 1, the tree and grass plant area 2, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area 3, the second pebble ditch 4 and the aquatic plant purification area 5, effectively purifying, infiltrating and storing farmland and rainwater runoff. The buffer zones are mostly plant combinations, with simple operation and maintenance, low cost and strong operability. They can repair damaged slopes with minimal disturbance, which is an effective means to improve river water quality, control agricultural non-point source pollution and enhance the diversity of river landscapes.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it may also have the following additional technical features:

[0026] In this embodiment, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area 3 is formed by a combination of soil and water conservation plants. The soil and water conservation plants have developed roots and branches and leaves that effectively hold the soil and intercept rainwater. The soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area 3 preferably uses taller plants such as Amorpha fruticosa, Water Chestnut, Pyracantha, Deutzia suspensa, Forsythia suspensa, Comfrey, and Vetiver as the background layer, and the middle layer is matched with flowering plants such as roses, gardenias, azaleas, spirea, Lespedeza, Indigofera, and Caragana. The front layer is planted with herbaceous ground cover plants such as day lily, green moss, cicada flower, mint, radix nematodes, iris, small-leaved three-pointed gold, and false centipede grass. Planting one or a combination of them can form a diverse seasonal landscape to enhance the overall beauty.

[0027] In this embodiment, the plants in the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area 3 are planted in curved strips to further improve the aesthetics. In actual applications, in order to improve the aesthetics, a variety of different plants are often mixed. When mixed, it is preferred to plant them in an alternating manner so that adjacent plants are of different species, so as to fully exert the synergistic effect between different plants.

[0028] In this embodiment, the tree and grass plant area 2 is composed of one or a combination of weeping willow, metasequoia, maple poplar, Chinese tallow tree, camptotheca acuminata, and mulberry. It can be planted in a diversified manner to facilitate the improvement of aesthetics, and the species can be changed according to the climate of different regions. In actual applications, the planting spacing is preferably 3m×3m, distributed in a triangular shape, which is more aesthetically pleasing.

[0029] In this embodiment, the first pebble ditch 1 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer is pebbles with a particle size of 2cm-5cm, and the lower layer is gravel with a particle size of 1cm-2cm, which preliminarily filters and isolates large particle pollutants in the runoff.

[0030] In this embodiment, the second pebble ditch 4 is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is gravel with a particle size of 1cm-2cm, and the lower layer is coarse sand, which filters pollutants in the runoff for the fourth time. In practical applications, for longer slopes, a first pebble ditch 1 or a second pebble ditch 4 can be set every 10m, which effectively shortens the slope length, dissipates energy and reduces the intensity of soil erosion.

[0031] In this embodiment, the width of the aquatic plant purification area 5 is greater than 0.3m, and the planting species are one or a combination of yellow iris, Cyperus rotundus, Pikespur, Zygophyllum, Phragmites australis, aquatic canna, and foxtail algae to further purify the sewage. In actual applications, if the revetment is a vertical hardened revetment, the aquatic plant purification area 5 needs to be planted in the form of a floating island, and the plants are evenly inserted into the nutrient trough of the floating island, and the floating island is fixed to the revetment.

[0032] Under the premise that no conflict occurs, those skilled in the art may freely combine and superimpose the above-mentioned additional technical features.

[0033] The above description is only a preferred implementation mode of the present invention. Any technical solution that achieves the purpose of the present invention by substantially the same means belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone, characterized by: It includes a buffer zone, which is composed of the first pebble ditch, the tree and grass plant area, the soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area, the second pebble ditch and the aquatic plant purification area from the bank slope to the water body; The soil and water conservation shrub and grass landscape area is formed by planting a combination of soil and water conservation plants; The plants in the water and soil conservation shrub and grass landscape area are planted in a curved strip shape; The water and soil conservation shrub and grass landscape area uses one or more of Amorpha fruticosa, Water hyacinth, Pyracantha fortuneana, Deutzia suspensa, Forsythia suspensa, Combretum suspensa, and Fragrant Root as the background layer, one or more of Chinese rose, Yellow Gardenia, Azalea, Spiraea, Lespedeza, Indigofera multiflora, and Caragana as the middle layer, and one or more of Daylily, Green Moss, Cicadae, Mint, Lotus vine, Iris, Three-leafed Goldenrod, and Centipedegrass as the front layer; The first pebble groove is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is pebbles with a particle size of 2cm-5cm, and the lower layer is gravel with a particle size of 1cm-2cm; The second pebble ditch is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer is gravel with a particle size of 1cm-2cm, and the lower layer is coarse sand.

2. A composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tree and grass plant area is composed of one or a combination of several of the following: weeping willow, metasequoia, maple poplar, Chinese tallow tree, camptotheca acuminata and mulberry.

3. The composite near-natural riverbank ecological buffer zone according to claim 1 is characterized by: The width of the aquatic plant purification zone is greater than 0.3m, and the planting species are one or a combination of yellow iris, Cyperus rotundus, Pikespur, Zygophyllum, Phragmites australis, aquatic canna, and foxtail algae.

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