Device and method for producing flow channel components in fusion reactor blanket by explosive composite production

Abstract

The present invention discloses a device and method for producing flow channel components in fusion reactor cladding by explosive composite. For flow channel pipes and covering plates before molding, a certain weak acid and weak base salt powder and a certain low melting point metal particles are mixed evenly in a certain proportion and filled into the flow channel, and then the filling material is compacted with a jack until it is flush with the flow channel mouth. The compacted filling of the flow channel eliminates the huge force generated by the sudden change of wave impedance on both sides of the composite interface due to the detonation wave, ensures the integrity of the shape and microstructure of the flow channel components, and solves the problems of flow channel deformation and cracks that are common in other methods. The characteristic of weak acid and weak base salts that are easily decomposed by heat will make the filler as a whole loose when heated. At the same time, the reducing gas generated by its decomposition can protect the low melting point metal from being oxidized, ensuring that the filler can be easily and thoroughly removed when the flow channel, especially the complex special-shaped flow channel, is heated, so that there is no attachment in the resulting flow channel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of material composite processing, and in particular relates to a device and method for producing a flow channel component contained in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive composite production. Background Art

[0002] The fusion reactor blanket is the core component of the fusion reactor. Its main function is to multiply tritium to maintain the fusion reaction while converting and utilizing the energy of fusion particles (neutrons and alpha ions). The high-energy (14MeV) high-flux neutron irradiation and high-energy density heat flux (>1MW / m 2 ) puts a severe test on the thermal mechanical properties of the cladding. At present, the most effective way to solve this problem is to install a cooling plate inside the first wall of the cladding facing the heat load, and use the coolant flowing in the plate to absorb the above heat energy, eliminate the damage to the components caused by the heat load, and at the same time, the large amount of heat energy brought out can be used for daily use. However, the cooling plate contains multiple groups of straight flow channels and special-shaped flow channels represented by U-shaped flow channels. The latter has a relatively complex structure. Due to the obvious differences in the internal structures of straight flow channels and special-shaped flow channels, different methods need to be used for processing them separately during conventional manufacturing.

[0003] At present, the method used to manufacture the linear flow channel components in the fusion reactor blanket is hot isostatic diffusion connection, such as patent CN100586638C. This method realizes the close bonding between atoms of the composite interface under high temperature and high pressure, and solves the obvious structural defects such as shrinkage and segregation of the traditional casting method. However, this method is limited by the size of the equipment for hot isostatic connection, and it is difficult to process large-sized flow channels. In addition, patent CN105478991B proposes to fill the flow channel with low melting point metal and carbon steel plate, and compound it into a flow channel by explosive compounding. This method provides a good solution for preparing smaller-sized linear flow channels, but there are still certain technical defects. On the one hand, there are air gaps between metal particles and between metal particles and carbon steel plates after filling, and the flow channel is easily deformed under the action of explosion. On the other hand, when manufacturing special-shaped complex flow channels or large-sized linear flow channels, the metal material filler is easily oxidized during the explosion and later heating process, and the high-melting point oxide is attached to the flow channel and is not easy to remove, so this method has certain limitations.

[0004] At present, the hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection method is basically used to manufacture the special-shaped flow channel components in the fusion reactor blanket. This method is a sandwich process that combines the special-shaped tube and the inner and outer plates through hot isostatic pressing diffusion. Patent CN100586638C proposes that after obtaining the straight flow channel by hot isostatic pressing, the flow channel is bent as a whole to obtain the special-shaped flow channel. This method does simplify the process of processing the special-shaped flow channel, but the overall bending is easy to cause the flow channel to be deformed, and it cannot be corrected in the later stage. Patent CN102294577B improves the above scheme by pre-bending the inner and outer plates and milling the special-shaped flow grooves on their surfaces, and then re-forming the pre-bent special-shaped tube by hydraulic expansion, and finally hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection. This method cleverly solves the distortion problem caused by bending and shaping after the flow channel is formed, but its process is complicated. The adaptability of the special-shaped tube to the flow channel shape requires repeated hydraulic expansion forming and debugging. In addition, the bending corners of the special-shaped tube are prone to secondary deformation during the hot isostatic pressing process, which affects the accuracy of the flow channel size. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a straight or irregular flow channel component contained in a fusion reactor blanket. In view of the technical defects and application limitations of the existing solutions, the present invention realizes the compounding between the flow channel and the cover plate by explosive compounding. In order to achieve the purpose of processing the straight flow channel and the irregular flow channel at the same time, the present invention adds a mixed filler of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles to the plate and cover plate layer with the flow channel milled, and compacts the filler, which ensures that the flow channel does not deform and the filler can be removed smoothly, thereby improving the quality and success rate of the composite connection.

[0006] The technical scheme proposed by the present invention is as follows: a device for explosive composite production of flow channel components in fusion reactor blanket, comprising: a jack, a metal layer, a flow channel, a mixed filler of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low-melting-point metal particles, a detonator, an explosive layer, a PVC foam board buffer layer, a covering plate, a support column rolled with metal foil and a sandy ground, wherein the pressure head of the jack is located above the metal layer, and is tightly fitted with the upper surface of the metal layer during operation, so that the mixed filler of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low-melting-point metal particles is fully compacted by applying pressure to the metal layer; the side wall surface of the metal layer is closely tangent to the inner wall surface of the flow channel mouth of the flow channel, and is compressed after being subjected to the pressure of the jack. A mixed filler of weak acid and weak base salt powder and low melting point metal particles; the detonator is arranged in the left center of the explosive layer for detonating the explosive; the PVC foam board buffer layer is located between the explosive layer and the covering plate to protect the covering plate and prevent the heat released by the explosion of the explosive from ablation on the surface of the covering plate. The explosive layer, the PVC foam board buffer layer and the covering plate are tightly fitted to each other; the support column rolled with metal foil is located between the covering plate and the flow channel to fix the distance between the flow channel and the covering plate and give the covering plate a suitable acceleration distance; the flow channel is placed horizontally on a flat sandy ground, and the sand can attenuate the movement speed of the above components to prevent the composite flow channel components from flying.

[0007] A method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding comprises the following steps:

[0008] Step (1), mechanically milling a flow channel shape on a plate, processing a covering plate and a metal strip that adapts to the flow channel shape and has a height greater than the flow channel;

[0009] Step (2), adding the mixed material filler into the flow trough and compacting it tightly with a jack;

[0010] Step (3), fixing the relative positions of the flow channel and the covering plate, placing explosives on the double plate, and adding a buffer layer between the explosives and the double plate;

[0011] Step (4), detonating the detonator to obtain the composite flow channel component through explosion, and heating to remove the filling material.

[0012] Furthermore, the flow channel shape of step (1) includes a straight flow channel and a special-shaped flow channel;

[0013] Furthermore, the mixed filling material in the flow channel in step (2) is obtained by uniformly mixing weak acid and weak base salt powder and low melting point metal particles in a certain proportion;

[0014] Furthermore, in step (2), after the jack compacts the filler tightly through the metal strip, the filling and compacting steps are repeated until the filling material is flush with the surface of the flow channel, and the pressure of a single jack is kept constant at 5 MPa;

[0015] Furthermore, in the step (3), a buffer layer is added between the explosive and the composite plate, and the buffer layer is a PVC foam board with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm, which is adhered to the back of the composite plate by double-sided tape.

[0016] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art solutions are:

[0017] (1) The present invention performs a jack compaction treatment on the filler in the flow channel before the explosive composite, which not only avoids the welding failure caused by the filler entering the interface to be composited under the action of the explosion vibration, but also greatly reduces the difference in wave impedance of the materials on both sides of the interface, eliminates the huge force generated by the explosion wave on both sides of the composite interface due to the sudden change in wave impedance, and ensures the integrity of the flow channel shape and microstructure as well as the uniformity and stability of the overall strength.

[0018] (2) The filling material used in the present invention when filling the flow channel is a mixture of weak acid and weak base salt powder and low melting point metal particles. The property of weak acid and weak base salt that is easily decomposed by heat will make the filler as a whole become loose when the temperature rises. At the same time, the reducing gas generated by its decomposition can protect the low melting point metal from being oxidized, thereby ensuring that the filler can be easily and thoroughly removed when the flow channel is heated. The resulting flow channel is free of any attachments, thereby better meeting its use requirements.

[0019] (3) The present invention is not limited by the size of the manufacturing equipment and can manufacture larger linear flow channels and complex shaped special-shaped flow channels with guaranteed manufacturing accuracy, thus having a wider range of application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of compaction of filling material in the flow channel;

[0021] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the scheme for producing flow channel components using the explosive composite method.

[0022] The numbers in the figure refer to the following contents: 1 is a jack; 2 is a metal strip; 3 is a flow channel; 4 is a mixed filler of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low-melting-point metal particles; 5 is a detonator; 6 is an explosive layer; 7 is a PVC foam board buffer layer; 8 is a covering board; 9 is a support column rolled with metal foil; and 10 is a sandy ground surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The implementation method is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] A device for explosive composite production of flow channel components in fusion reactor blanket, comprising: a jack 1, a metal layer 2, a flow channel 3, a mixed filler 4 of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles, a detonator 5, an explosive layer 6, a PVC foam board buffer layer 7, a covering plate 8, a support column 9 rolled with metal foil and a sandy ground 10, wherein the pressure head of the jack 1 is located above the metal layer 2, and is tightly fitted with the upper surface of the metal layer 2 during operation, and the mixed filler 4 of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles is fully compacted by applying pressure to the metal layer 2; the side wall surface of the metal layer 2 is tightly tangent to the inner wall surface of the flow channel mouth of the flow channel 3, and the weak acid and weak alkali salt powder is compressed after being subjected to the pressure of the jack 1. A filler 4 is a mixture of powder and low-melting-point metal particles; a detonator 5 is arranged in the central position on the left side of the explosive layer 6 for detonating the explosive; a PVC foam board buffer layer 7 is located between the explosive layer 6 and the covering plate 8 for protecting the covering plate 8 and preventing the heat released by the explosion of the explosive from ablation on the surface of the covering plate 8. The explosive layer 6, the PVC foam board buffer layer 7 and the covering plate 8 are tightly fitted to each other; a support column 9 made of metal foil is located between the covering plate 8 and the flow channel 3 for fixing the distance between the flow channel 3 and the covering plate 8 and giving the covering plate 8 a suitable acceleration distance; the flow channel 3 is horizontally placed on a flat sandy ground 10, and the sand can attenuate the movement speed of the above components to prevent the composite flow channel components from flying.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] A method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Mechanically milling a straight rectangular flow channel shape on the plate, and processing the covering plate and a rectangular metal strip with the same cross-section but greater height than the flow channel;

[0029] (2) Use a grinder and sandpaper to grind the surface of the launder and the composite plate to be composited to make them smooth, and wipe them with alcohol to remove dirt;

[0030] (3) As attached Figure 1 As shown, a flow channel 3 is placed in a jack 1. The flow channel 3 is a flow channel plate of any shape. A mixed filler 4 of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles is poured into the flow channel. A metal layer 2 is placed directly above the flow channel. The pressure of the jack 1 is controlled to be 5MPa. The filling and compacting process is repeated until the surface of the filler is flush with the upper surface of the flow channel, and the compaction is completed.

[0031] (4) The weak acid and weak base salt powder can be ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate, and the low melting point metal can be tin, lead, etc.;

[0032] (5) As attached Figure 2As shown, the flow channel 3 is placed on a flat sandy ground 10. Between the flow channel 3 and the covering plate 8 is a support column 9 made of rolled metal foil with a height of 2 to 7 mm, which is used to control the impact speed of the composite plate; the explosive layer 6 is placed on the top, and below it is a PVC foam board buffer layer 7 to prevent the composite plate from being burned by high temperature. The detonator 5 is pre-buried at one end of the explosive layer 6.

[0033] (6) The detonator is detonated. Under the action of the explosion pressure, the covering plate 8 and the flow channel 3 form a close bond between atoms, and the composite component is heated as a whole. The temperature rises to the melting point of the weak acid and weak base salt, so that it sublimates into a reducing gas and remains in the pipeline. Then, the temperature continues to rise to the melting point of the filling metal, so that it melts and flows out, thereby obtaining a flow channel component without any attachments.

[0034] (7) The linear flow channel components in the fusion reactor blanket produced by this method have a good shape and structure, and do not have microscopic defects such as cracks, deformation, and coarse grains. At the same time, its strength is stable and uniform, there is no performance weakening area, and the overall performance is good, which can fully meet the service requirements of the blanket flow channel under neutron irradiation conditions.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] A method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Mechanically milling a U-shaped flow channel on the plate, and processing the covering plate and the U-shaped metal strip with the same cross-section but greater height than the flow channel;

[0038] (2) Use a grinder and sandpaper to grind the surface of the launder and the composite plate to be composited to make them smooth, and wipe them with alcohol to remove dirt;

[0039] (3) As attached Figure 1 As shown, a flow channel 3 is placed in a jack 1. The flow channel 3 is a flow channel plate of any shape. A mixed filler 3 of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles is poured into the flow channel. A metal layer 2 is placed directly above the flow channel. The pressure of the jack 1 is controlled to be 5MPa. The filling and compacting process is repeated until the surface of the filler is flush with the upper surface of the flow channel, and the compaction is completed.

[0040] (4) The weak acid and weak base salt powder can be ammonium carbonate or ammonium bicarbonate, and the low melting point metal can be tin, lead, etc.;

[0041] (5) As attached Figure 2 As shown, the flow channel 3 is placed on a flat sandy ground 10. Between the flow channel 3 and the covering plate 8 is a support column 9 made of rolled metal foil with a height of 2 to 7 mm, which is used to control the impact speed of the composite plate; the explosive layer 6 is placed on the top, and below it is a PVC foam board buffer layer 7 to prevent the composite plate from being burned by high temperature. The detonator 5 is pre-buried at one end of the explosive layer 6.

[0042] (6) The detonator is detonated. Under the action of the explosion pressure, the covering plate 8 and the flow channel 3 form a close bond between atoms, and the composite component is heated as a whole. The temperature rises to the melting point of the weak acid and weak base salt, so that it sublimates into a reducing gas and remains in the pipeline. Then, the temperature continues to rise to the melting point of the filling metal, so that it melts and flows out, thereby obtaining a flow channel component without any attachments.

[0043] (7) The U-shaped curved flow channel components in the fusion reactor blanket produced by this method have a good shape and structure, and do not have microscopic defects such as cracks, deformation, and coarse grains. At the same time, its strength is stable and uniform, there is no performance weakening area, and the overall performance is good, which can fully meet the service requirements of the blanket flow channel under neutron irradiation conditions.

Claims

1. A device for producing flow channel components in fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding, characterized in that: include: A jack (1), a metal strip (2), a flow channel (3), a mixed filler (4) of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles, a detonator (5), an explosive layer (6), a PVC foam board buffer layer (7), a covering plate (8), a support column (9) made of rolled metal foil, and a sandy ground (10), wherein the pressure head of the jack (1) is located above the metal strip (2) and is tightly fitted with the upper surface of the metal strip (2) during operation, so that the mixed filler (4) of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles is fully compacted by applying pressure to the metal strip (2); the side wall surface of the metal strip (2) is tightly tangent to the inner wall surface of the flow channel mouth of the flow channel (3), and the mixed filler of weak acid and weak alkali salt powder and low melting point metal particles is compressed after being subjected to the pressure of the jack (1). (4); the detonator (5) is arranged at the left central position of the explosive layer (6) and is used to detonate the explosive; the PVC foam board buffer layer (7) is located between the explosive layer (6) and the covering plate (8) and is used to protect the covering plate (8) and prevent the heat released by the explosion of the explosive from ablation on the surface of the covering plate (8); the explosive layer (6), the PVC foam board buffer layer (7) and the covering plate (8) are closely attached to each other; the support column (9) made of metal foil is located between the covering plate (8) and the flow channel (3) and is used to fix the distance between the flow channel (3) and the covering plate (8) and give the covering plate (8) a suitable acceleration distance; the flow channel (3) is horizontally placed on a flat sandy ground (10), and the sand can attenuate the movement speed of the above components and prevent the composite flow channel components from flying.

2. A method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding, based on the device for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step (1), mechanically milling the flow channel shape on the plate, processing the covering plate and the metal strip that adapts to the flow channel shape and has a height greater than the flow channel; Step (2), adding the mixed material filler into the flow trough and compacting it tightly with a jack; Step (3), fixing the relative positions of the flow channel and the covering plate, placing explosives on the double plate, and adding a buffer layer between the explosives and the double plate; Step (4), detonating the detonator, exploding to obtain the composite flow channel component, and heating to remove the filling material.

3. The method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flow channel shapes of step (1) include straight flow channels and irregular flow channels.

4. The method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mixed filling material in the flow channel in step (2) is obtained by uniformly mixing weak acid and weak base salt powder and low melting point metal particles in a certain proportion.

5. The method for producing a flow channel component in a fusion reactor blanket by explosive compounding according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step (2), after the jack compacts the filler tightly through the metal strip, the filling and compacting steps are repeated until the filling material is flush with the surface of the flow channel, and the pressure of a single jack is kept constant at 5 MPa.

6. The method for producing a fusion reactor blanket inner flow channel component by explosive compounding according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the step (3), a buffer layer is added between the explosive and the composite plate. The buffer layer is a PVC foam board with a thickness of 2 to 5 mm and is adhered to the back of the composite plate by double-sided tape.

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