Automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing, comprising a thrust shaft and a thrust plate, one side of the thrust plate is slidably supported on the inner side of the left end plate, the other side of the thrust plate is slidably supported with a thrust block, a displacement compensation piston is slidably arranged in the bearing housing, and a compensation damping spring is supported between the thrust block and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston; a thrust block displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust block, and a piston displacement sensor is arranged on the displacement compensation piston; the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pressure oil port P of the hydraulic reversing valve, the A port of the hydraulic reversing valve leads to the hydraulic oil chamber between the displacement compensation piston and the right end plate, and the oil return port T of the hydraulic reversing valve is connected to the oil tank; the piston displacement sensor and the thrust block displacement sensor are electrically connected to the automatic controller, and the automatic controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic reversing valve. The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing can not only automatically compensate for the axial displacement of the thrust shaft, but also effectively reduce the structural vibration of the bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a thrust bearing of a ship main shaft propulsion system, and in particular to a thrust bearing device capable of automatically compensating for axial displacement of a thrust shaft. Background Art

[0002] Thrust bearings are key equipment in ship shafting. Their main function is to transfer the driving power of the power unit to the propeller, and to transfer the thrust or pull generated by the propeller to the hull to enable the ship to move forward or backward.

[0003] When the ship is moving forward, the propeller rotates unidirectionally to generate propulsion and acts on the thrust shaft, which will increase the static displacement of the thrust shaft along the axial balance position. In particular, when the draft of the ship or the diving depth of the ship increases, the increase in the external water pressure at the propeller position will generate a greater static thrust into the cabin for the thrust shaft, causing the thrust shaft to push inward and displace, which is easy to cause the "shaft shifting" phenomenon; when the ship is moving forward or backward, the forward and reverse rotation of the propeller will also cause the thrust shaft to push inward or pull outward axially. The axial displacement caused by the increase or change of the axial force of the propulsion system will have a great impact on the safe and reliable operation of the ship's propulsion system; first of all, the stern shaft sealing system, the change of the axial balance position will lead to the deterioration of the sealing performance, especially the axial displacement will cause the end face sealing surface to be over-pressed, the wear of the sealing surface will increase, the service life will be reduced, or the end face sealing gap will increase, the sealing performance will decrease, and the leakage will increase; the change of the axial balance position will also change the position of the propeller and the propeller relative to the cabin, the safety of the propeller operation will decrease, and the propulsion efficiency will decrease; eliminating or effectively compensating for the axial displacement of the thrust shaft is particularly important for improving the propulsion performance of the ship.

[0004] Axial displacement will also cause changes in the performance of the propulsion system support structure and the shock-absorbing and noise-reducing structure. When the propeller is running, it will generate pulsating axial thrust due to the non-uniform flow field at the stern. The pulsating thrust is transmitted to the ship's hull through the propulsion shaft system, thrust bearing, bearing support structure and bearing base. In the process, the thrust bearing system acts as a vibration transmission carrier, especially in thrust bearings with rigid support structures. The structural vibration noise caused by the axial force will inevitably be transmitted to the ship's hull, causing the excitation of the hull structure and reducing the comfort of the ship's ride and the concealment of military ship operations.

[0005] At present, most of the thrust bearings on ships or boats use hydraulic dynamic pressure thrust bearings or rolling element thrust bearings. Both hydraulic dynamic pressure thrust bearings and rolling element thrust bearings cannot compensate or adjust the axial displacement of the thrust shaft. Since the thrust bearings in ships have to withstand huge axial thrust, the axial displacement or axial movement of the thrust shaft is often inevitable, which directly affects the safe and reliable operation of the ship's propulsion system. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing which can automatically compensate for the axial displacement of the thrust shaft and effectively reduce structural vibration.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing of the present invention comprises a thrust shaft and a thrust plate fixedly arranged on the thrust shaft, wherein the thrust shaft is rotatably supported on the left end plate and the right end plate, and the left end plate and the right end plate are respectively fixedly installed on the two ends of the bearing housing, and a radial sliding bearing is also supported on the thrust shaft; one side of the thrust plate is slidingly supported on the inner side surface of the left end plate, and a thrust block is slidingly supported on the other side surface of the thrust plate, and the thrust block is empty on the thrust shaft; a displacement compensation piston is slidingly arranged in the bearing housing, and a hydraulic oil chamber is located between the outer end of the displacement compensation piston and the inner side of the right end plate, and a compensation damping spring is supported between the thrust block and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston; a thrust block displacement sensor is arranged on the thrust block, and a piston displacement sensor is arranged on the displacement compensation piston; the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pressure oil port P of the hydraulic reversing valve, and the A of the hydraulic reversing valve The port leads to the hydraulic oil chamber between the displacement compensation piston and the right end plate, and the return oil port T of the hydraulic reversing valve is connected to the oil tank; the two side surfaces of the thrust plate are respectively connected to the pressure oil gap between the left end plate and the thrust block and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump; the piston displacement sensor and the thrust block displacement sensor are electrically connected to the automatic controller, and the automatic controller is electrically connected to the hydraulic reversing valve.

[0008] In the above technical scheme, since a displacement compensation piston is slidably arranged in the bearing housing, and a compensation damping spring is supported between the displacement compensation piston and the thrust block, when the thrust shaft is displaced and deviates from the equilibrium position under the action of axial external force, the displacement compensation piston applies a reverse thrust to the thrust shaft through the thrust block and the thrust plate under the drive of the hydraulic system, offsetting the offset force of the external force on the thrust shaft, so that the thrust shaft maintains the original equilibrium position and the deflection displacement is compensated; when the hydraulic reversing valve is in the position shown in the figure, the hydraulic oil chamber at the top of the displacement compensation piston is in a closed state, and the thrust shaft is in a balanced position; when the thrust shaft is subjected to an internal push external force, the pressure oil of the hydraulic pump enters the hydraulic oil chamber at the piston end through the hydraulic reversing valve, so that the displacement compensation piston applies a reverse external thrust to the thrust shaft, achieving the effect of force balance and displacement compensation; when the thrust shaft is subjected to an external pulling force, the pressure oil in the hydraulic oil chamber at the piston end is depressurized through the hydraulic reversing valve, so that the thrust shaft returns to the equilibrium position. Since a thrust block displacement sensor is provided on the thrust block and a piston displacement sensor is provided on the displacement compensation piston, the dual sensor monitoring can effectively correct and verify the axial displacement of the thrust shaft and the compensation displacement of the piston, effectively improving the displacement accuracy and compensation accuracy of the axial displacement of the thrust shaft; and the displacement signal of the displacement sensor is calculated and analyzed by the automatic controller to control the hydraulic reversing valve to adjust the piston position in time to ensure that the thrust shaft does not deviate. The displacement sensor, the automatic controller and the hydraulic reversing valve constitute a closed-loop control system for the displacement of the thrust shaft. Since a compensation damping spring is supported between the thrust block and the displacement compensation piston, the vibration caused by the change of the axial force of the thrust shaft can be effectively absorbed. At the same time, the additional viscous damping effect generated by the hydraulic oil effectively suppresses the transmission of the structural vibration noise generated by the axial force pulsation to the ship hull. The pressure oil gaps between the two sides of the thrust plate and the left end plate and the thrust block lead to the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump, forming a hydrostatic sliding bearing with a stable pressure oil film, strong bearing capacity, high reliability and long service life.

[0009] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the outer side surface of the displacement compensation piston is sealingly slidably supported on the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing, and the inner hole surface of the displacement compensation piston is sealingly slidably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate, and the inner side surface of the right end surface and the convex cylindrical surface, the outer end surface of the displacement compensation piston and the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing form a hydraulic oil chamber. This structure can form a force along the axis direction of the thrust shaft.

[0010] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a thrust block support is fixedly connected to the side of the thrust block, and the thrust block support is axially movable and supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate; a plurality of compensation damping springs are circumferentially supported between the thrust block support and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston, which is convenient for manufacturing and installation.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the radial sliding bearing is installed between the right end plate and the thrust shaft, and has a stable longitudinal support function.

[0012] In a further embodiment of the present invention, an annular oil groove is provided on the inner side of the left end plate, and the annular oil groove and the corresponding side of the thrust plate form a pressure oil gap, and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pressure oil gap through the corresponding one-way valve, pressure regulating valve and left static oil nozzle in sequence. An annular oil groove is provided on the thrust block, and the annular oil groove and the corresponding side of the thrust plate form a pressure oil gap, and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to the pressure oil gap through the corresponding one-way valve, pressure regulating valve and right static oil nozzle in sequence. A stable pressure oil film can be formed.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piston displacement sensor is mounted on the bearing housing, and the piston displacement sensor corresponds to the position of the displacement compensation piston; the thrust block displacement sensor is mounted on the right end plate, and the thrust block displacement sensor corresponds to the position of the thrust block. This can effectively improve the accuracy of monitoring data.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hydraulic reversing valve is a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve, which can realize pressurization, pressure maintenance and pressure relief of the hydraulic oil chamber at the piston end.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump is connected to a relief valve and an accumulator, which effectively ensures the hydraulic stability of the hydraulic circuit.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an oil return nozzle is installed on the bearing housing and / or the left end plate, and the oil return nozzle leads to the oil tank to ensure the return of hydraulic oil of the hydrostatic bearings on both sides of the thrust plate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a specific implementation mode of the automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 An enlarged view of the thrust bearing structure in the illustrated embodiment.

[0020] In the figure, 1 is a coupling, 2 is a thrust shaft, 3 is a radial sliding bearing, 4 is a right end plate, 5 is a displacement compensation piston, 6 is a compensation damping spring, 7 is a bearing housing, 8 is an oil return nozzle, 9 is a right static pressure oil nozzle, 10 is a left end plate, 11 is a left static pressure oil nozzle, 12 is a thrust plate, 13 is a piston displacement sensor, 14 is a thrust block, 15 is a thrust block support, 16 is a piston pressure oil nozzle, 17 is a thrust block displacement sensor, 18 is a pressure regulating valve, 19 is a one-way valve, 20 is an automatic controller, 21 is an accumulator, 22 is a hydraulic reversing valve, 23 is a pressure gauge, 24 is a relief valve, 25 is a hydraulic pump, and 26 is an oil tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 The automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing shown in the figure has a thrust plate 12 in the shape of a convex plate on the thrust shaft 2, and the thrust shaft 2 and the thrust plate 12 are connected as a whole; a coupling 1 is installed at both ends of the thrust shaft 2, and the coupling 1 is a rigid coupling. The left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4 are rotatably supported on the thrust shaft 2 on the left and right sides of the thrust plate 12 through rolling bearings, and a bearing housing 7 in a cylindrical structure is fixedly installed between the left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4. The thrust shaft 2 is located at the center line position of the bearing housing 7, the left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4, and seals are provided on the mounting surfaces of the left end plate 10 and the right end plate 4 and the two ends of the bearing housing 7.

[0022] A displacement compensation piston 5 is slidably arranged in the bearing housing 7. The center position of the displacement compensation piston 5 has a center through hole. The outer side surface of the displacement compensation piston 5 is a cylindrical surface. A sealing ring is arranged on the cylindrical surface. The outer side surface of the displacement compensation piston 5 is slidably supported on the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing 7 through the sealing ring. A cylindrical boss is arranged at the center position of the circular base plate of the right end plate 4; the inner hole surface of the displacement compensation piston 5 is slidably supported on the convex cylindrical surface outside the cylindrical boss of the right end plate 4 through the corresponding sealing member. A radial sliding bearing 3 is installed between the inner hole surface of the cylindrical boss of the right end plate 4 and the thrust shaft 2. The radial sliding bearing 3 includes a sliding sleeve mounted on the thrust shaft 2 and a bearing bush installed on the right end plate 4. The inner side surface and the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate 4, the outer end surface of the displacement compensation piston 5 and the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing 7 form an annular hydraulic oil chamber.

[0023] One side of the thrust disc 12 is slidably supported on the inner side of the left end plate 10, and the other side of the thrust disc 12 is slidably supported with a thrust block 14. The thrust block 14 is loosely sleeved on the thrust shaft 2, and the side of the thrust block 14 is fixedly connected with a thrust block support 15. The thrust block support 15 can be axially movably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate 4, so the thrust block 14 and the thrust block support 15 fixedly connected to each other can only move axially along the axial direction of the thrust shaft 2.

[0024] An annular oil groove is provided on the inner side of the left end plate 10, and the inner side of the left end plate 10 and the corresponding side of the thrust plate 12 are relative sliding surfaces, and the annular oil groove on the left end plate 10 and the corresponding side of the thrust plate 12 form a pressure oil gap. An annular oil groove is also provided on the thrust block 14, and the corresponding side of the thrust block 14 and the thrust plate 12 are relative sliding surfaces, and the annular oil groove on the thrust block 14 and the corresponding side of the thrust plate 12 form a pressure oil gap. The pressure oil in the pressure oil gap is conducive to the formation of a pressure oil film on the relative sliding surface.

[0025] A plurality of compensating damping springs 6 are uniformly supported along the circumferential direction between the inner end surface of the displacement compensating piston 5 and the thrust block support 15 . The compensating damping springs 6 are helical cylindrical compression springs. The displacement compensating piston 5 acts on the thrust plate 12 through the compensating damping springs 6 and the thrust block 14 .

[0026] A piston displacement sensor 13 is provided on the displacement compensation piston 5. The piston displacement sensor 13 is mounted on the bearing housing 7. The piston displacement sensor 13 adopts a common position sensor such as a strain gauge or an inductive type. The piston displacement sensor 13 corresponds to the position of the displacement compensation piston 5. A thrust block displacement sensor 17 is provided on the thrust block 14. The thrust block displacement sensor 17 is mounted on the right end plate 4. Its position corresponds to the position of the thrust block 14. The thrust block displacement sensor 17 also adopts a common position sensor.

[0027] The hydraulic pump 25 is a plunger pump. The pressure oil at the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 is connected to the pressure oil port P of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 through the one-way valve 19. The hydraulic reversing valve 22 is a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve. The port A of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 leads to the hydraulic oil chamber between the displacement compensation piston 5 and the right end plate 4, and the oil return port T of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 is connected to the oil tank 26.

[0028] The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 is also connected to the pressure oil gap between the thrust plate 12 and the left end plate 10 through the corresponding one-way valve 19, the pressure regulating valve 18 and the left static oil nozzle 11. Similarly, the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 is connected to the pressure oil gap between the thrust plate 12 and the thrust block 14 through the one-way valve 19 on the corresponding side and the right static oil nozzle 9 of the pressure regulating valve 18. The left static oil nozzle 11 is installed on the left end plate 10, and the right static oil nozzle 9 is installed on the bearing housing 7. The hydraulic pump leading to the pressure oil gap and the hydraulic oil chamber can be the same hydraulic pump or two hydraulic pumps can be used respectively.

[0029] The position signals monitored by the piston displacement sensor 13 and the thrust block displacement sensor 17 are transmitted to the automatic controller 20 by means of electrical connection. The automatic controller 20 adopts a corresponding common automatic control system. The automatic controller 20 processes and calculates the position signals of the displacement sensors and then sends a control signal. The control signal controls the action of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 so that the valve core of the hydraulic reversing valve 22 is in a corresponding position.

[0030] The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump 25 is connected in parallel with a relief valve 24 and an accumulator 21, and the hydraulic oil circuit is also connected in parallel with a pressure gauge 23. An oil return nozzle 8 is installed on the bearing housing 7 and the left end plate 10, and the oil return nozzle 8 leads to the oil tank 26 so as to guide the oil in the inner cavity of the bearing housing 7 to the oil tank 26.

Claims

1. An automatic displacement compensation thrust bearing, comprising a thrust shaft (2), and a thrust plate (12) fixedly arranged on the thrust shaft (2), characterized in that: The thrust shaft (2) is rotatably supported on a left end plate (10) and a right end plate (4), and the left end plate (10) and the right end plate (4) are respectively fixedly mounted on two ends of a bearing housing (7). A radial sliding bearing (3) is also supported on the thrust shaft (2); one side of the thrust plate (12) is slidably supported on the inner side surface of the left end plate (10), and a thrust block (14) is slidably supported on the other side surface of the thrust plate (12), and the thrust block (14) is loosely sleeved on the thrust shaft (2); a displacement compensation piston (5) is slidably arranged in the bearing housing (7) The hydraulic oil chamber is located between the outer end of the displacement compensation piston (5) and the inner side of the right end plate (4); a compensation damping spring (6) is supported between the thrust block (14) and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston (5); a thrust block displacement sensor (17) is provided on the thrust block (14); a piston displacement sensor (13) is provided on the displacement compensation piston (5); an oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) is connected to a pressure oil port P of a hydraulic reversing valve (22); and a port A of the hydraulic reversing valve (22) is connected to a pressure oil port between the displacement compensation piston (5) and the right end plate (4). The hydraulic oil chamber between the left end plate (10) and the thrust block (14) is connected to the oil return port T of the hydraulic reversing valve (22) and is connected to the oil tank (26); the two side surfaces of the thrust plate (12) are respectively connected to the pressure oil gap between the left end plate (10) and the thrust block (14) and the oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25); the piston displacement sensor (13) and the thrust block displacement sensor (17) are electrically connected to the automatic controller (20), and the automatic controller (20) is electrically connected to the hydraulic reversing valve (22); the outer side surface of the displacement compensation piston (5) is sealingly slidably supported in the inner cavity of the bearing housing (7) The inner hole surface of the displacement compensation piston (5) is sealingly slidably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate (4), and the inner side surface and convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate (4) and the outer end surface of the displacement compensation piston (5) and the inner cavity surface of the bearing housing (7) form a hydraulic oil chamber; the side surface of the thrust block (14) is fixedly connected with a thrust block support (15), and the thrust block support (15) is axially movably supported on the convex cylindrical surface of the right end plate (4); a plurality of compensation damping springs (6) are supported along the circumferential direction between the thrust block support (15) and the inner end of the displacement compensation piston (5).

2. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial sliding bearing (3) is installed between the right end plate (4) and the thrust shaft (2).

3. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An annular oil groove is provided on the inner side of the left end plate (10), and the annular oil groove and the corresponding side of the thrust plate (12) form a pressure oil gap. The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) leads to the pressure oil gap through the corresponding one-way valve (19), the pressure regulating valve (18) and the left static pressure oil nozzle (11) in sequence.

4. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thrust block (14) is provided with an annular oil groove, and the annular oil groove and the corresponding side of the thrust plate (12) enclose a pressure oil gap. The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) leads to the pressure oil gap through the corresponding one-way valve (19), the pressure regulating valve (18) and the right static pressure oil nozzle (9) in sequence.

5. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston displacement sensor (13) is mounted on the bearing housing (7), and the position of the piston displacement sensor (13) corresponds to the position of the displacement compensation piston (5); the thrust block displacement sensor (17) is mounted on the right end plate (4), and the position of the thrust block displacement sensor (17) corresponds to the position of the thrust block (14).

6. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydraulic reversing valve (22) is a three-position three-way electromagnetic reversing valve.

7. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oil outlet of the hydraulic pump (25) is connected to a relief valve (24) and an accumulator (21).

8. The automatic displacement compensating thrust bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An oil return nozzle (8) is installed on the bearing housing (7) and / or the left end plate (10), and the oil return nozzle (8) leads to the oil tank (26).

Images