The invention relates to an inverse synthetic aperture radar imaging signal processing technology, in particular to a sparse aperture ISAR imaging phase self-focusing method based on image quality guidance. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, constructing a sparse aperture phase self-focusing model based on compressed sensing; S2, selecting a target distance unit that participates inphase estimation parameter estimation; S3, setting an initial parameter value of an iterative algorithm; S4, estimating and compensating a single wheel phase error; S5, determining an iteration termination condition; and S6, updating the phase self-focusing, and reconstructing an ISAR image. According to the sparse aperture ISAR imaging phase self-focusing method based on the image quality guidance, the ISAR imaging phase self-focusing, the ISAR image reconstruction, and the image quality evaluation under the sparse aperture are combined, and four steps of phase error estimation, compensation,reconstruction, and evaluation are realized, the robustness of the algorithm and the accuracy of the phase compensation are improved , and a target ISAR image with higher compensation accuracy and better focusing performance is obtained by reducing the iterative phase error, estimating offset, improving compensation accuracy step by step.