A vibration-damping cutterhead for hard rock tunneling based on particle damping and its damping design method

Abstract

This invention provides a vibration-damping cutterhead for hard rock tunneling based on particle damping and its damping design method. The hard rock tunneling vibration-damping cutterhead includes a cutter box plate with a cavity, and a plurality of roller cutters are arranged inside the cutter box plate; the cavity of the cutter box plate is filled with metal particles of different sizes. This invention reconfigures and rationally utilizes the space formed inside the cutter box plate for particle damping design and filling, which can effectively reduce the propagation of vibration on the main structure of the cutterhead, thereby reducing the overall vibration generated by the cutterhead of the hard rock tunneling equipment during rock breaking.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of vibration reduction and noise reduction technology for full-face tunnel boring machines, and relates to a vibration reduction cutterhead for hard rock tunneling based on particle damping and its damping design method. Background Technology

[0002] TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) is a large-scale tunnel boring machine designed for hard rock geology, integrating functions such as tunneling, muck removal, and lining. It boasts numerous advantages and is widely used in basic infrastructure projects such as high-speed railways, highways, subways, water conservancy, and national defense. Its complex technology and high added value reflect a country's equipment manufacturing level. However, during tunneling, the TBM cutterhead exhibits severe vibrations due to alternating forces and other random factors, posing a potential threat of damage to the cutterhead structure and key components. Therefore, it is essential to constrain the vibrations caused by alternating forces to ensure that the vibrations during rock breaking are within acceptable limits. The main measures for constraint include enhancing the static stiffness and dynamic stiffness of the cutterhead structure, as well as damping. Currently, various TBM vibration reduction measures have been proposed by academia and industry, involving both active and passive vibration reduction schemes.

[0003] CN214303843U discloses an active vibration reduction system for open-type TBM construction. The system comprises several vibration meter components, several vibration source components, and a system host. The vibration meters are fixed to the TBM cutterhead support via a first fixing device. Each vibration meter includes a detector, a data acquisition module, a data storage module, an analog-to-digital converter, a microprocessor, a wireless data transmission device, and a battery, used for picking up, acquiring, storing, and digitally outputting the cutterhead vibration signal during TBM tunneling. The vibration source is fixed to the TBM main beam via a second fixing device and electrically connected to the TBM via a power cable. The vibration source is used to excite vibration waves that reduce TBM vibration. The system host is connected to both the vibration meters and the vibration sources, and is used for processing and analyzing the signals acquired by the vibration meters, providing usage methods and parameter settings for the vibration sources.

[0004] CN109522626A discloses a design method for vibration reduction of TBM cutterheads. Addressing the problem of severe vibration in the TBM cutterhead caused by the strong interaction between the cutter and the rock during rock breaking, the method aims to reduce vibration near the cutter by replacing the material of the components. Specifically, the material of the cutter connecting wedges is replaced with a damping alloy, which reduces vibration through internal friction. Furthermore, through simulation analysis of cutterheads with different structures under various working conditions, areas of severe vibration on the cutterhead are identified, and the material of the cutter connecting wedges in these areas is replaced with damping alloy to reduce vibration reduction costs. This achieves the goal of vibration reduction by replacing some of the cutter connecting wedges with damping alloy.

[0005] The two publicly disclosed TBM vibration reduction solutions explore active and passive vibration reduction approaches, respectively. Active vibration reduction systems, equipped with various detection instruments and processors, offer real-time and rapid information feedback and processing. However, TBMs operate in harsh environments for extended periods, experiencing severe cutterhead vibrations. They also face impacts from incoming rock and water seepage, placing the detection instruments inside the cutterhead in a high-risk position with extremely poor operating conditions. This makes them highly susceptible to damage, system failure, and extremely costly replacement, resulting in poor practicality. Passive vibration reduction, employing damping alloys, can reduce vibration to some extent, but the operating conditions for these alloys are demanding. Furthermore, the cutterhead operates at high amplitude for extended periods, and the heat generated by the cutting tools keeps the entire cutterhead in a high-temperature environment, easily degrading the performance of the damping alloy and causing the vibration reduction system to fail.

[0006] Analyzing the structure of the TBM cutterhead reveals that both its structural design and overall mass are already in a relatively balanced and stable state. Simply increasing the static and dynamic stiffness of the cutterhead structure offers extremely limited options. Even if the static and dynamic stiffness were increased, if the vibration energy generated during rock breaking remains unchanged, it could lead to more severe resonance in the cutterhead structure. Only by appropriately adding damping to dissipate the vibration energy generated during rock breaking can the vibration be reduced to a reasonable range. Since the overall structure of the TBM cutterhead requires a certain level of stiffness to ensure rock-breaking thrust, traditional dampers, such as springs and flexible structures, not only fail to dissipate the vibration energy generated during rock breaking but also reduce the cutterhead's thrust and rock-breaking efficiency.

[0007] In summary, particle damping vibration reduction and noise reduction technology can fully meet the vibration reduction requirements of the cutterhead of a full-face TBM. Analysis of previous vibration measurements at TBM construction sites shows that the vibration characteristics of the TBM cutterhead are entirely within the effective range of particle damping. Particle damping technology dissipates vibration energy through particle collisions within the damper, offering advantages such as a wide operating frequency range (0-6000Hz), good durability, high reliability, and insensitivity to temperature changes. Particle damping is particularly effective for reducing vibrations at low to medium frequencies, large amplitudes, and large impacts, which aligns with the vibration characteristics of the TBM cutterhead.

[0008] Currently, there are no TBM cutterheads using particle damping technology. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the cutterhead and its key components based on the technical principles, and to optimize and improve the cutterhead and its key components using particle damping technology to achieve vibration reduction. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a vibration-damping cutterhead for hard rock tunneling based on particle damping and its damping design method. The present invention reconfigures and rationally utilizes the space formed inside the cutter head plate, and performs particle damping design and filling, which can effectively reduce the propagation of vibration on the main structure of the cutterhead, thereby reducing the vibration generated by the cutterhead of the hard rock tunneling equipment when breaking rock.

[0010] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead based on particle damping vibration reduction, the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead including a cutter box plate with a cavity, and a plurality of roller cutters are arranged inside the cutter box plate;

[0012] The cavity of the blade box plate is filled with metal particles of different sizes.

[0013] The rock-breaking process of the cutterhead in hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is the source of vibration. The main structures, such as the cutterhead plate, conical plate, and radial ribs, are the main paths for vibration transmission during operation. Simply increasing the weight of these structures or using traditional vibration damping devices are ways to suppress vibration, but they cannot effectively reduce the enormous energy generated by vibration. Increasing the weight can easily cause cutterhead resonance, which is even more harmful, and it also increases the manufacturing cost of the cutterhead. Therefore, this invention redesigns and rationally utilizes the space formed inside the cutterhead plate, and designs and fills it with particle damping. This can effectively reduce the propagation of vibration on the main structure of the cutterhead, thereby reducing the overall vibration generated by the cutterhead during rock breaking in hard rock tunnel boring machines. The particle damping technology focuses on solving the severe vibration and related problems caused by the cutterhead rock breaking during the operation of TBMs. Compared with traditional tunneling equipment, this not only significantly reduces the vibration of the cutterhead and the entire machine during operation, improves rock-breaking efficiency, and extends the life of equipment components and the entire machine, but also reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost during construction, which is of great significance.

[0014] It should be noted that the particles used in this invention can be metal or non-metal particles of any shape, but spherical iron particles are the most ideal choice in terms of cost, production cycle and performance.

[0015] In addition, if the target TBM hard rock tunneling equipment model that requires technical improvement is not large in overall size, the closed space inside the cutterhead structure that can be filled with damping particles is small. Without affecting the normal operation of the cutterhead, the particle damping can be made into an independent device and fixedly installed on the vibration transmission path structure of the TBM hard rock tunneling cutterhead through calculation and design.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the tool box plate includes a tool box front plate and a tool box rear plate arranged in parallel, and a guide outer peripheral plate is provided along the outer edge of the tool box front plate and the tool box rear plate. The tool box front plate, the tool box rear plate and the guide outer peripheral plate form a tool box plate cavity.

[0017] Preferably, the cavity of the blade box plate is provided with a plurality of radial structural plates and a plurality of partitions, the radial structural plates and partitions dividing the cavity of the blade box plate into a plurality of blade box plate filling cavities, the blade box plate filling cavities being filled with metal particles of different sizes.

[0018] In this invention, the hollow closed structure of the cutter box plate forms a filling space for particle damping. In order to reasonably set the particle filling layout and maximize the vibration reduction effect, partitions are installed inside the above structure. The cutter box plate filled with damping particles can effectively reduce the vibration caused by moving parts.

[0019] Preferably, the filling rate of the metal particles filling the cavity of the blade box plate is 95-99%, for example, it can be 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 97.5%, 98%, 98.5% or 99%, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0020] Preferably, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the filling cavity of the blade box plate is 0.5 to 0.99, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 0.99, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0021] Preferably, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the cavity of the blade box plate is 0.5 to 1, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 1, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0022] However, this does not apply to all values ​​listed; other unlisted values ​​within this range also apply.

[0023] Preferably, the metal particles filling the cavity of the blade box are divided into large metal particles and small metal particles according to their particle size.

[0024] Preferably, the weight ratio of the large metal particles to the small metal particles is 1 / 6 to 1 / 4, for example, it can be 0.18, 0.19, 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24 or 0.25, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0025] Preferably, the particle size of the large metal particles is 3.5 to 5 mm, for example, it can be 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm or 5.0 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0026] Preferably, the particle size of the metal particles is 2 to 3 mm, for example, it can be 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm or 3.0 mm, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0027] The cutterhead box plate of the hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead is welded from steel plates to ensure strength. Except for necessary openings for installing the cutter head and slag feed, the rest is a hollow, closed structure, forming a closed cavity for filling with damping particles. To maximize vibration reduction, the particle filling space is rationally arranged through design calculations. The filling cavities of the cutterhead box plate are symmetrically distributed inside the cutterhead box plate around the cutterhead's rotation center, ensuring dynamic balance during cutterhead rotation. Furthermore, during the filling process, each layer of cutterhead box plate filling cavities is filled alternately with one layer of large metal particles and one layer of small metal particles. The internal cutterhead box plate filling cavities are symmetrically distributed inside the cutterhead box plate around the cutterhead's rotation center without affecting the normal arrangement of the cutter head, ensuring dynamic balance during cutterhead rotation. The cutterhead box plate filled with damping particles effectively reduces vibrations caused by moving parts.

[0028] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the tool box plate is provided with a through groove that runs vertically through the tool box plate. The through groove is closed on all four sides and open at both ends, so that a closed tool box plate cavity is formed inside the tool box plate.

[0029] Preferably, a hob is provided in the through groove, and the cutting edge of the hob protrudes from both ends of the through groove.

[0030] Preferably, two supports are symmetrically arranged inside the through groove, and a hob shaft is fixed between the two supports. The hob passes through the hob shaft and rotates around the hob shaft inside the through groove.

[0031] Preferably, the hobs are symmetrically distributed on the cutter box plate about the rotation center of the cutter box plate.

[0032] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hobbing cutter shaft includes a cutter shaft body with an open end and an end cap disposed at the open end of the cutter shaft body.

[0033] Preferably, the cutter shaft body is a hollow spoke structure, and the cutter shaft body has several strip-shaped filling cavities with fan-shaped cross sections inside. The strip-shaped filling cavities are distributed in a ring around the axis of the cutter shaft body, and the strip-shaped filling cavities are filled with metal particles.

[0034] The cutter shaft of the particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead for hard rock tunneling is designed and calculated to be identical in appearance to a traditional solid cutter shaft, facilitating assembly and mating with structures such as wheel rims. Its internal structure is a hollow spoke-like structure filled with damping particles, reducing material usage without compromising the mechanical strength of the cutter shaft. The damping particles also provide a certain degree of vibration reduction for the cutter shaft. Furthermore, the hollow spoke-like structure of the cutter shaft ensures overall rigidity while reducing material usage. This structure can also be used to fill the cutter shaft with damping particles, further contributing to vibration reduction.

[0035] Preferably, the filling rate of the metal particles in the strip-shaped filling cavity is 99%.

[0036] Preferably, the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity have a particle size of 2 to 3 mm, for example, 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm or 3.0 mm, but are not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0037] Preferably, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity is 0.5 to 0.99, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 0.99, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0038] Preferably, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity is 0.5 to 1, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 1, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0039] Preferably, the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity are iron particles.

[0040] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a tapered plate is provided on the side of the cutter box away from the hob.

[0041] Preferably, the large end face of the tapered plate is fixed to the outer edge of the cutter box plate away from the hob.

[0042] Preferably, the joint between the tapered plate and the blade box plate is welded and fixed.

[0043] Preferably, the conical plate is a conical sandwich, the conical plate comprising an inner cone and an outer cone nested together, the inner cone and the outer cone forming a conical sandwich.

[0044] The conical plate of the cutterhead in hard rock tunneling is one of the main paths for the transmission of cutterhead vibration. The traditional conical plate of the cutterhead in hard rock tunneling is a single layer of steel plate of a certain thickness that is welded together. However, the conical plate in this invention is composed of two layers of cones, with a conical sandwich layer in between the two layers, forming a space filled with damping particles.

[0045] Preferably, an annular structural support plate is provided circumferentially inside the conical interlayer.

[0046] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conical interlayer is provided with a plurality of radially distributed partitions, which divide the conical interlayer into a plurality of conical plate filling cavities with fan-shaped cross sections, and the conical plate filling cavities are filled with a plurality of metal particles of different sizes.

[0047] The conical plate in this invention consists of two conical layers, an inner and an outer layer, with a conical sandwich layer formed between them. Through design and calculation, the conical sandwich layer is rationally laid out and spatially divided around its center of rotation, and filled with damping particles. During the filling process, the damping particles alternately fill each conical plate filling cavity in a manner that alternates between a layer of large metal particles and a layer of small metal particles. It is ensured that the filling method and amount of damping particles in the two sets of conical plate filling cavities at the symmetrical position of the center of rotation of the conical plate are consistent, so as to further reduce vibration along the path of vibration transmission.

[0048] Preferably, the filling rate of the metal particles filling the conical plate filling cavity is 97-99%, for example, it can be 97%, 97.2%, 97.4%, 97.6%, 97.8%, 98%, 98.2%, 98.4%, 98.6%, 98.8% or 99%, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0049] Preferably, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filling the conical plate cavity is 0.5 to 0.99, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 0.99, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0050] Preferably, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the conical plate filling cavity is 0.5 to 1, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 1, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0051] Preferably, the metal particles filled in the conical plate filling cavity are divided into large metal particles and small metal particles according to their particle size, and the conical plate filling cavity is filled with either large metal particles or small metal particles.

[0052] Preferably, the weight ratio of the large metal particles to the small metal particles is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3, for example, it can be 0.2, 0.21, 0.22, 0.23, 0.24, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, 0.3, 0.31, 0.32 or 0.33, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0053] Preferably, the particle size of the large metal particles is 3.5 to 5 mm, for example, it can be 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm, 3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.6 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm or 5.0 mm, but is not limited to the listed values, other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0054] Preferably, the particle size of the metal particles is 2 to 3 mm, for example, it can be 2.0 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm or 3.0 mm, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0055] Preferably, the metal particles filled in the two symmetrical conical plate filling cavities have the same particle size range and the same filling rate.

[0056] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a supporting flange is provided at the small end opening of the conical plate. The supporting flange is connected and fixed to the motion mechanism, and the motion mechanism drives the vibration damping cutter head to complete the rock breaking work.

[0057] Preferably, the blade box plate and the conical plate form a receiving cavity, and the output end of the motion mechanism passes through the support flange and extends into the receiving cavity.

[0058] Preferably, the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of radial ribs having a cavity structure.

[0059] In this invention, radial ribs enhance the rigidity of the cutterhead, preventing large deformations within the cutterhead during tunneling operations. They also serve as a vibration transmission path. Traditional hard rock tunneling cutterheads use radial ribs made of single-layer steel plates of a certain thickness, cut to the designed shape and installed in the appropriate positions. However, the radial ribs in this invention differ from traditional ribs. Each set of radial ribs is formed by welding two ribs and multiple support plates to create a hollow rib structure. These ribs are symmetrically installed at equal intervals at the connection between the cutterhead plate and the conical plate. The internal cavity structure, filled with damping particles, provides a certain degree of vibration reduction along the vibration propagation path.

[0060] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the radial rib includes a left rib and a right rib arranged opposite to and parallel to each other, and a rib support plate is provided along the outer edge of the left rib and the right rib, and the left rib, the right rib and the rib support plate form a rib cavity.

[0061] Preferably, a transverse partition is provided inside the rib cavity, which divides the partition cavity into several rib filling cavities.

[0062] Preferably, the rib filling cavity is filled with metal particles.

[0063] Preferably, the particle size of the metal particles filling the rib filling cavity is 2 to 3 mm. For example, it can be, but is not limited to, the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0064] Preferably, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the rib filling cavity is 0.5 to 0.99, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 0.99, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0065] Preferably, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the rib filling cavity is 0.5 to 1, for example, it can be 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 or 1, but it is not limited to the listed values. Other unlisted values ​​within this range are also applicable.

[0066] Preferably, the metal particles filling the rib cavity are iron particles.

[0067] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the structural plates of the tool box plate, the conical plate, the tool shaft body and the rib plate are provided with venting bolts, which connect the external environment and the internal cavity.

[0068] In this invention, ventilation holes are reserved on the plate structure filled with damping particles without affecting the function of the structure. Ventilation bolts are installed at the reserved ventilation holes. After the damping particles are filled, the ventilation bolts are installed to facilitate the discharge of internal air and prevent water and debris from entering the cavity structure.

[0069] Preferably, the vent bolt has an axially through structure, and the interior of the vent bolt is filled with an outer hydrophobic venting material and an inner hydrophobic venting material from the outside to the inside.

[0070] Preferably, a fastening washer is provided between the head of the vent bolt and the outer wall surface of the structural plate.

[0071] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a damping and vibration reduction design method for a hard rock tunneling cutterhead as described in the first aspect, the damping and vibration reduction design method comprising:

[0072] Vibration tests were conducted on the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead without metal particles. The theoretical particle filling rate was calculated based on the collected vibration frequency and amplitude data. Particles were then filled into the model of the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead according to the theoretical damping particle filling amount, and a damping experiment was conducted. If the ideal vibration reduction effect was achieved, metal particles were filled into the cutter box plate of the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead according to the current theoretical particle filling rate. Otherwise, the damping particle filling rate was recalculated.

[0073] For example, the damping vibration reduction design method provided by the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive on-site inspection of the vibration of various parts of the TBM hard rock tunneling cutterhead when it is not using any vibration reduction technology, and understand the actual vibration of TBM hard rock tunneling cutterheads of different tunneling strata and different structural models.

[0075] Step 2: Analyze and organize the data;

[0076] Step 3: Perform detailed calculations based on the vibration frequency and amplitude of the cutterhead to determine the material and amount of damping particles to fill different structural parts, and design particle damper styles for different parts.

[0077] Step 4: Redesign the structure of each component of the TBM hard rock tunneling cutterhead for different tunneling formations and different models of TBM hard rock tunneling equipment;

[0078] Step 5: Conduct particle damping vibration tests and rock breaking platform tests on different parts of the cutterhead structure;

[0079] Determine if the solution is feasible. If yes, proceed to step 6; otherwise, return to step 2.

[0080] Step 6: Based on the above work, redesign the structure of different parts of the TBM hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead, and if necessary, make reasonable space divisions inside the structure to prepare for the installation of partitions.

[0081] Step 7: Prepare the partition and cut the material. The partition is a thin plate, and the material can be the same as that of the cutter head. Its size should meet the design requirements.

[0082] Step 8: Pack the two sizes of iron granules into small bags of equal weight and label them clearly. Specifically, pack the granules to be filled into small bags of equal weight according to their size, with the weight being such that a person can easily lift them.

[0083] Step 9: The damping particles are filled according to the design requirements of different structural parts;

[0084] The specific operation process of steps 8 and 9 is as follows: During the cutting process of various structural parts such as the tool box plate, tapered plate and radial rib plate, damping particle filling holes are reserved in advance at the corresponding positions of each structure. In principle, one independent spatial structure corresponds to one particle filling hole. During the assembly and welding of these structures, the partitions in each structural space are installed in place according to the design requirements. The welding of the partitions adopts the intermittent welding process.

[0085] During particle filling, firstly, a crane is used to lift the assembled blade box plate or conical plate and other substructures, maintaining the final product assembly posture. Starting from the space structure directly above the rotation center, particles are manually filled into each space in this area according to the particle filling requirements. When the damping particles in each space are close to the filling hole, the substructure can be tilted slightly to complete the filling of all damping particles. The filling holes are then sealed and welded, and finally, the vent bolts are installed. When filling each space, particles are manually poured into the space one bag at a time, with smaller diameter particles poured in one layer, evenly distributed, and then larger diameter particles poured in, thus filling the space in layers of different diameters. Next, the blade box plate or conical plate is rotated appropriately so that the space structure in the adjacent area is directly above the rotation center, and the damping particle filling of that area is completed in the same way. This process is repeated until all space structures are filled with damping particles. The radial ribs are lifted by a crane to maintain a vertical position, and damping particles are filled using a similar method.

[0086] The internal hollow structure of the hob shaft is reserved according to technical requirements during machining, and damping particles can be filled during hob assembly according to design requirements.

[0087] Step 10: The damping particles filling the cutter head plate of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead have a large particle to small particle weight ratio between 1 / 6 and 1 / 4, and a filling rate of 95-99%.

[0088] Step 11: The damping particles filling the conical plate of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping cutterhead have a large particle to small particle weight ratio between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3, and a filling rate of 97-99%.

[0089] Step 12: The disc-shaped cutter shaft of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping cutterhead is filled with iron particles, all of which are small particles, with a filling rate of 99%.

[0090] Step 13: The radial ribs of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping cutterhead are filled with iron particles, all of which are small particles, with a filling rate of 99%.

[0091] Step 14: After all structural parts are filled with damping particles, according to the design requirements of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead, assemble the disc cutter, cutter box plate, conical plate, radial rib plate and support flange and other structures to form a complete cutterhead, and then assemble and debug it with the rest of the TBM hard rock tunneling machine.

[0092] Step 15: Use a vibrator and vibration tester to conduct vibration tests on the cutterhead after the assembly is completed to check the vibration reduction effect; after the TBM hard rock tunneling machine enters the project construction site, conduct regular vibration tests on the cutterhead and the whole machine to determine the final vibration reduction effect, and gradually optimize the particle damping vibration reduction scheme to improve the damping design of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead.

[0093] The above-described design method for vibration-damping cutterheads in TBM hard rock tunneling based on particle damping is applicable to vibration reduction of all types of TBM hard rock cutterheads and dual-mode shield cutterheads with vibration reduction requirements. In specific implementation, the structure of relevant steps and key components can be adjusted according to actual design and manufacturing needs. Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments within the essential spirit of the invention will fall within the scope of the claims.

[0094] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0095] The rock-breaking process of the cutterhead in hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is the source of vibration. The main structures, such as the cutterhead plate, conical plate, and radial ribs, are the main paths for vibration transmission during operation. Simply increasing the weight of these structures or using traditional vibration damping devices are ways to suppress vibration, but they cannot effectively reduce the enormous energy generated by vibration. Increasing the weight can easily cause cutterhead resonance, which is even more harmful, and it also increases the manufacturing cost of the cutterhead. Therefore, this invention redesigns and rationally utilizes the space formed inside the cutterhead plate, and designs and fills it with particle damping. This can effectively reduce the propagation of vibration on the main structure of the cutterhead, thereby reducing the overall vibration generated by the cutterhead during rock breaking in hard rock tunnel boring machines. The particle damping technology focuses on solving the severe vibration and related problems caused by the cutterhead rock breaking during the operation of TBMs. Compared with traditional tunneling equipment, this not only significantly reduces the vibration of the cutterhead and the entire machine during operation, improves rock-breaking efficiency, and extends the life of equipment components and the entire machine, but also reduces the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost during construction, which is of great significance. Attached Figure Description

[0096] Figure 1 A front view of a vibration damping cutterhead provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0097] Figure 2 A side view of a vibration damping cutterhead provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0098] Figure 3 A front view of a blade box plate structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0099] Figure 4 A side view of a blade box plate structure provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0100] Figure 5 A half-sectional view of a hobbing cutter shaft provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0101] Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of a hob shaft provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0102] Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a tapered plate provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0103] Figure 8 A front view of a tapered plate provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0104] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a radial rib provided in a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0105] Figure 10A schematic diagram of the structure of a vent bolt provided for a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0106] Among them, 1-blade box plate; 2-conical plate; 3-radial rib plate; 4-support flange; 5-roller cutter; 6-bracket; 7-blade box front plate; 8-blade box rear plate; 9-radial structural plate; 10-partition plate; 11-blade box plate filling cavity; 12-end cap; 13-blade shaft body; 14-strip filling cavity; 15-inner cone; 16-structural support plate; 17-outer cone; 18-conical plate filling cavity; 19-radial partition plate; 20-rib plate support plate; 21-left rib plate; 22-right rib plate; 23-transverse partition plate; 24-rib plate filling cavity; 25-structural plate body; 26-internal cavity; 27-fastening pad; 28-ventilation bolt; 29-inner hydrophobic and ventilated material; 30-outer hydrophobic and ventilated material. Detailed Implementation

[0107] It should be understood that in the description of this invention, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0108] It should be noted that, in the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0109] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below through specific embodiments.

[0110] In one specific embodiment, the present invention provides a hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead based on particle damping, wherein the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, it includes a cutter box plate 1 with a cavity, and a plurality of roller cutters 5 are arranged inside the cutter box plate 1; the cavity of the cutter box plate 1 is filled with metal particles of different sizes.

[0111] The rock-breaking process of the cutterhead 5 in hard rock tunnel boring machines (TBMs) is the source of vibration. The main structures, such as the cutterhead plate 1, conical plate 2, and radial ribs 3, are the main paths for vibration transmission during cutterhead operation. Simply increasing the weight of these structures or using traditional vibration damping devices are ways to suppress vibration, but they cannot effectively reduce the enormous energy generated by vibration. Increasing the weight can easily cause cutterhead resonance, which is even more harmful and also increases the manufacturing cost of the cutterhead. Therefore, this invention redesigns and rationally utilizes the space formed inside the cutterhead plate 1, and designs and fills it with particle damping. This can effectively reduce the propagation of vibration on the main structures of the cutterhead, thereby reducing the overall vibration generated by the cutterhead during rock breaking in hard rock tunnel boring machines. The particle damping technology focuses on solving the severe vibration and related problems caused by the cutterhead rock breaking during the operation of TBMs. Compared with traditional tunneling equipment, this not only significantly reduces the vibration of the cutterhead and the entire machine during operation, improves rock-breaking efficiency, and extends the life of equipment parts and the entire machine, but also reduces equipment manufacturing costs and maintenance costs during construction, which is of great significance.

[0112] It should be noted that the particles used in this invention can be metal or non-metal particles of any shape, but spherical iron particles are the most ideal choice in terms of cost, production cycle and performance.

[0113] In addition, if the target TBM hard rock tunneling equipment model that requires technical improvement is not large in overall size, the closed space inside the cutterhead structure that can be filled with damping particles is small. Without affecting the normal operation of the cutterhead, the particle damping can be made into an independent device and fixedly installed on the vibration transmission path structure of the TBM hard rock tunneling cutterhead through calculation and design.

[0114] Furthermore, the tool box plate 1 includes a tool box front plate 7 and a tool box rear plate 8 arranged in parallel, and a guide outer peripheral plate is provided along the outer edge of the tool box front plate 7 and the tool box rear plate 8. The tool box front plate 7, the tool box rear plate 8 and the guide outer peripheral plate form a tool box plate cavity.

[0115] Furthermore, the cavity of the blade box plate is provided with a plurality of radial structural plates 9 and a plurality of partitions 10, the radial structural plates 9 and partitions 10 dividing the cavity of the blade box plate into a plurality of blade box plate filling cavities 11, the blade box plate filling cavities 11 being filled with metal particles of different sizes.

[0116] In this invention, the hollow closed structure of the blade box plate 1 forms a filling space for particle damping. In order to reasonably set the particle filling layout and maximize the vibration reduction effect, the above structure is equipped with partition plates 10. After the blade box plate 1 is filled with damping particles, it can effectively reduce the vibration caused by moving parts.

[0117] Furthermore, the filling rate of the metal particles in the filling cavity 11 of the blade box plate is 95-99%.

[0118] Furthermore, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the blade box filling cavity 11 is 0.5 to 0.99.

[0119] Furthermore, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the blade box filling cavity 11 is 0.5 to 1.

[0120] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the blade box filling cavity 11 are divided into large metal particles and small metal particles according to their particle size.

[0121] Furthermore, the weight ratio of the large metal particles to the small metal particles is 1 / 6 to 1 / 4.

[0122] Furthermore, the particle size of the large metal particles is 3.5–5 mm.

[0123] Furthermore, the particle size of the metal particles is 2-3 mm.

[0124] The cutter box plate 1 of the particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead for hard rock tunneling is welded from steel plates to ensure strength. Except for the necessary openings for mounting the roller cutter 5 and the slag inlet, the rest is a hollow, closed structure, forming a closed cavity for filling with damping particles. To maximize the vibration reduction effect, the particle filling space is rationally arranged through design calculations. The cutter box plate filling cavities 11 are symmetrically distributed inside the cutter box plate 1 around the cutterhead's rotation center, ensuring dynamic balance during cutterhead rotation. Furthermore, during the filling process, each layer of cutter box plate filling cavities 11 is filled alternately with one layer of large metal particles and one layer of small metal particles. The internal cutter box plate filling cavities 11, without affecting the normal arrangement of the roller cutter 5, are symmetrically distributed inside the cutter box plate 1 around the cutterhead's rotation center, ensuring dynamic balance during cutterhead rotation. The cutter box plate 1, after being filled with damping particles, can effectively reduce vibrations caused by moving parts.

[0125] Furthermore, the tool box plate 1 is provided with a through groove that runs vertically through the tool box plate 1. The through groove is closed on all four sides and open at both ends, so that a closed tool box plate cavity is formed inside the tool box plate 1.

[0126] Furthermore, a hob 5 is provided in the through groove, and the cutting edge of the hob 5 protrudes from both ends of the through groove.

[0127] Furthermore, two supports 6 are symmetrically arranged inside the through groove, and a hob shaft is fixed between the two supports 6. The hob 5 passes through the hob shaft and rotates around the hob shaft inside the through groove.

[0128] Furthermore, the hobbing cutters 5 are symmetrically distributed on the cutter box plate 1 about the rotation center of the cutter box plate 1.

[0129] Furthermore, the hobbing cutter shaft includes a cutter shaft body 13 with an open end and an end cap 12 disposed at the open end of the cutter shaft body 13.

[0130] Furthermore, the cutter shaft body 13 has a hollow spoke structure, and the cutter shaft body 13 has several fan-shaped cross-section strip filling cavities 14 inside. The strip filling cavities 14 are distributed in a ring around the axis of the cutter shaft body 13, and the strip filling cavities 14 are filled with metal particles.

[0131] The cutter shaft of the particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead for hard rock tunneling is designed and calculated to be identical in appearance to a traditional solid cutter shaft, facilitating assembly and mating with structures such as wheel rims. Its internal structure is a hollow spoke structure filled with damping particles, which reduces material usage without compromising the mechanical strength of the cutter shaft. The damping particles also provide a certain degree of vibration reduction for the cutter shaft. Furthermore, the hollow spoke structure of the cutter shaft ensures the overall rigidity of the cutter shaft while reducing material usage. The hollow spoke structure can also be used to fill damping particles, thus providing vibration reduction.

[0132] Furthermore, the metal particles filling the strip-shaped filling cavity 14 have a filling rate of 99%.

[0133] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity 14 have a particle size of 2 to 3 mm.

[0134] Furthermore, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity 14 is 0.5 to 0.99.

[0135] Furthermore, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity 14 is 0.5 to 1.

[0136] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavity 14 are iron particles.

[0137] Furthermore, a tapered plate 2 is provided on the side of the cutter box plate 1 away from the hob 5.

[0138] Furthermore, the large end face of the tapered plate 2 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the blade box plate 1 away from the hob 5.

[0139] Furthermore, the joint between the conical plate 2 and the blade box plate 1 is welded and fixed.

[0140] Furthermore, the conical plate 2 is a conical sandwich layer, and the conical plate 2 includes an inner cone 15 and an outer cone 17 nested together, forming a conical sandwich layer between the inner cone 15 and the outer cone 17.

[0141] The conical plate 2 of the hard rock tunneling cutterhead is one of the main paths for the transmission of cutterhead vibration. The traditional hard rock tunneling cutterhead conical plate 2 is a single layer of steel plate of a certain thickness that is welded together. However, the conical plate 2 in this invention is composed of two layers of cones, with a conical sandwich layer in between the two layers, forming a space filled with damping particles.

[0142] Furthermore, an annular structural support plate 16 is provided circumferentially inside the conical interlayer.

[0143] Furthermore, the conical interlayer is provided with a plurality of radially distributed partitions 19, which divide the conical interlayer into a plurality of fan-shaped cross-section conical plate filling cavities 18, which are filled with a plurality of metal particles of different sizes.

[0144] The conical plate 2 in this invention consists of two conical layers, an inner and an outer layer, with a conical sandwich layer formed between them. Through design and calculation, the conical sandwich layer is rationally laid out and spatially divided around its center of rotation, and filled with damping particles. During the filling process, the damping particles alternately fill each conical plate filling cavity 18 in a manner of alternating between a layer of large metal particles and a layer of small metal particles. It is ensured that the filling method and amount of damping particles in the two sets of conical plate filling cavities 18 at the symmetrical position of the center of rotation of the conical plate 2 are consistent, so as to further reduce vibration along the path of vibration transmission.

[0145] Furthermore, the filling rate of the metal particles in the conical plate filling cavity 18 is 97-99%.

[0146] Furthermore, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the conical plate filling cavity 18 is 0.5 to 0.99.

[0147] Furthermore, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the conical plate filling cavity 18 is 0.5 to 1.

[0148] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the conical plate filling cavity 18 are divided into large metal particles and small metal particles according to their particle size, and the conical plate filling cavity 18 is filled with either large metal particles or small metal particles.

[0149] Furthermore, the weight ratio of the large metal particles to the small metal particles is 1 / 5 to 1 / 3.

[0150] Furthermore, the particle size of the large metal particles is 3.5–5 mm.

[0151] Furthermore, the particle size of the metal particles is 2-3 mm.

[0152] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the two symmetrical conical plate filling cavities 18 have the same particle size range and the same filling rate.

[0153] Furthermore, a support flange 4 is provided at the small end opening of the conical plate 2. The support flange 4 is connected and fixed to the motion mechanism, and the motion mechanism drives the vibration damping cutter head to complete the rock breaking work.

[0154] Furthermore, the blade box plate 1 and the conical plate 2 form a receiving cavity, and the output end of the motion mechanism passes through the support flange 4 and extends into the receiving cavity.

[0155] Furthermore, the accommodating cavity is provided with a plurality of radial ribs 3 having a cavity structure.

[0156] In this invention, the radial ribs 3 enhance the rigidity of the cutterhead, ensuring that the cutterhead does not deform significantly during tunneling operations. They also serve as one of the vibration transmission paths. Traditional hard rock tunneling cutterheads use radial ribs 3 as single-layer steel plates of a certain thickness, cut to the designed shape and installed in the corresponding positions. However, the radial ribs 3 in this invention differ from traditional ribs. A single set of radial ribs 3 is formed by welding two ribs and multiple support plates to create a hollow rib structure. These are symmetrically installed at equal intervals at the connection between the cutter head plate 1 and the conical plate 2. The internal cavity structure, filled with damping particles, provides a certain vibration reduction effect along the vibration propagation path.

[0157] Furthermore, the radial rib 3 includes a left rib 21 and a right rib 22 arranged opposite to and parallel to each other, and a rib support plate 20 is provided along the outer edge of the left rib 21 and the right rib 22. The left rib 21, the right rib 22 and the rib support plate 20 form a rib cavity.

[0158] Furthermore, a transverse partition 23 is provided inside the cavity of the rib plate, and the transverse partition 23 divides the cavity of the partition plate 10 into several rib plate filling cavities 24.

[0159] Furthermore, the rib filling cavity 24 is filled with metal particles.

[0160] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the rib filling cavity 24 have a particle size of 2-3 mm.

[0161] Furthermore, the surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the rib filling cavity 24 is 0.5 to 0.99.

[0162] Furthermore, the surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the rib filling cavity 24 is 0.5 to 1.

[0163] Furthermore, the metal particles filled in the rib filling cavity 24 are iron particles.

[0164] Furthermore, the structural plate 25 of the tool box plate 1, the conical plate 2, the tool shaft body 13 and the rib plate is provided with a venting bolt 28, which connects the external environment and the internal cavity 26.

[0165] In this invention, ventilation holes are reserved on the plate structure filled with damping particles without affecting the function of the structure. Ventilation bolts 28 are installed at the reserved ventilation holes. After the damping particles are filled, the ventilation bolts 28 are installed to facilitate the discharge of internal air and prevent water and debris from entering the cavity structure.

[0166] Furthermore, the vent bolt 28 has an axially through structure, and the interior of the vent bolt 28 is filled with an outer hydrophobic vent material 30 and an inner hydrophobic vent material 29 from the outside to the inside.

[0167] Furthermore, a fastening washer 27 is provided between the head of the vent bolt 28 and the outer wall surface of the structural plate 25.

[0168] In another specific embodiment, the present invention provides a damping vibration reduction design method for a hard rock tunneling cutterhead provided in the above specific embodiments, the damping vibration reduction design method comprising:

[0169] Vibration tests were conducted on the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead without metal particles. The theoretical particle filling rate was calculated based on the collected vibration frequency and amplitude data. Particles were then filled into the model of the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead according to the theoretical damping particle filling amount, and a damping experiment was conducted. If the ideal vibration reduction effect was achieved, metal particles were filled into the cutter box plate 1 of the hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead according to the current theoretical particle filling rate. Otherwise, the damping particle filling rate was recalculated.

[0170] For example, the damping vibration reduction design method provided by the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0171] Step 1: Conduct a comprehensive on-site inspection of the vibration of various parts of the TBM hard rock tunneling cutterhead when it is not using any vibration reduction technology, and understand the actual vibration of TBM hard rock tunneling cutterheads of different tunneling strata and different structural models.

[0172] Step 2: Analyze and organize the data;

[0173] Step 3: Perform detailed calculations based on the vibration frequency and amplitude of the cutterhead to determine the material and amount of damping particles to fill different structural parts, and design particle damper styles for different parts.

[0174] Step 4: Redesign the structure of each component of the TBM hard rock tunneling cutterhead for different tunneling formations and different models of TBM hard rock tunneling equipment;

[0175] Step 5: Conduct particle damping vibration tests and rock breaking platform tests on different parts of the cutterhead structure;

[0176] Determine if the solution is feasible. If yes, proceed to step 6; otherwise, return to step 2.

[0177] Step 6: Based on the aforementioned work, redesign the structure of different parts of the TBM hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutterhead, and if necessary, make reasonable space divisions within the structure to prepare for the installation of the partition plate 10.

[0178] Step 7: Prepare partition 10 and cut it into pieces. Partition 10 is a thin plate, and the material can be the same as that of the cutter head. Its dimensions meet the design requirements.

[0179] Step 8: Pack the two sizes of iron granules into small bags of equal weight and label them clearly. Specifically, pack the granules to be filled into small bags of equal weight according to their size, with the weight being such that a person can easily lift them.

[0180] Step 9: The damping particles are filled according to the design requirements of different structural parts;

[0181] The specific operation process of steps 8 and 9 is as follows: During the cutting process of various structural parts such as the tool box plate 1, the tapered plate 2 and the radial rib plate 3, damping particle filling holes are reserved in advance at the corresponding positions of each structure. In principle, one independent spatial structure corresponds to one particle filling hole. During the assembly and welding of these structures, the partition plate 10 in each structural space is installed in place according to the design requirements. The welding of the partition plate 10 adopts the intermittent welding process.

[0182] During particle filling, firstly, a crane is used to lift the assembled substructures such as the blade box plate 1 or conical plate 2, maintaining the final product assembly posture. Starting from the space structure directly above the rotation center, particles are manually filled into each space in this area according to the particle filling requirements. When the damping particles in each space are close to the filling hole, the substructure can be tilted slightly to complete the filling of all damping particles. Then, the filling holes are sealed and welded, and finally, the vent bolts 28 are installed. When filling each space, particles are manually poured into the space one bag at a time. Small-diameter particles are poured in one layer, then evenly distributed before large-diameter particles are poured in, thus filling the space with particles of different diameters in layers. Next, the blade box plate 1 or conical plate 2 is rotated appropriately so that the space structure in the adjacent area is directly above the rotation center. The damping particle filling of the space structure in that area is completed in the same way, and so on, until all space structures are filled with damping particles. The radial rib plate 3 is lifted by a crane to maintain a vertical position, and damping particles are filled in a similar manner.

[0183] The hob shaft has its internal hollow structure reserved according to technical requirements during machining. Damping particles can be filled in according to design requirements during the later assembly of hob 5.

[0184] Step 10: The damping particles inside the cutter head plate 1 of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead are filled with damping particles, the weight ratio of large particles to small particles is between 1 / 6 and 1 / 4, and the filling rate is 95-99%.

[0185] Step 11: The damping particles inside the conical plate 2 of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping cutterhead are filled with damping particles, the weight ratio of large particles to small particles is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3, and the filling rate is 97-99%.

[0186] Step 12: The disc-shaped cutter shaft of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping cutterhead is filled with iron particles, all of which are small particles, with a filling rate of 99%.

[0187] Step 13: The radial ribs 3 of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping cutterhead are filled with iron particles, all of which are small particles, with a filling rate of 99%.

[0188] Step 14: After all structural parts are filled with damping particles, according to the design requirements of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead, assemble the disc cutter 5, cutter box plate 1, conical plate 2, radial rib plate 3 and support flange 4 to form a complete cutterhead, and then assemble and debug it with the rest of the TBM hard rock tunneling machine.

[0189] Step 15: Use a vibrator and vibration tester to conduct vibration tests on the cutterhead after the assembly is completed to check the vibration reduction effect; after the TBM hard rock tunneling machine enters the project construction site, conduct regular vibration tests on the cutterhead and the whole machine to determine the final vibration reduction effect, and gradually optimize the particle damping vibration reduction scheme to improve the damping design of the TBM hard rock tunneling particle damping vibration reduction cutterhead.

[0190] The above-described design method for vibration-damping cutterheads in TBM hard rock tunneling based on particle damping is applicable to vibration reduction of all types of TBM hard rock cutterheads and dual-mode shield cutterheads with vibration reduction requirements. In specific implementation, the structure of relevant steps and key components can be adjusted according to actual design and manufacturing needs. Those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the invention and not intended to limit it. Any variations or modifications to the above embodiments within the essential spirit of the invention will fall within the scope of the claims.

[0191] The applicant declares that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art should understand that any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hard rock tunneling vibration damping cutter head based on particle damping vibration reduction, characterized in that, The hard rock tunneling damping cutter head comprises a cutter box plate with a cavity, and a plurality of rolling cutters are arranged in the cutter box plate; Different metal particles are filled in the cavity of the cutter box plate; The cutter box plate comprises a cutter box front plate and a cutter box rear plate arranged in parallel, a guide outer peripheral plate is arranged along the outer edges of the cutter box front plate and the cutter box rear plate, and the cutter box front plate, the cutter box rear plate and the guide outer peripheral plate surround the cutter box plate cavity; A plurality of radial structure plates and a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the cutter box plate cavity, the radial structure plates and the partition plates divide the cutter box plate cavity into a plurality of cutter box plate filling cavities, and different metal particles are filled in the cutter box plate filling cavities; The filling rate of the metal particles filled in the cutter box plate filling cavities is 95-99%; The surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the cutter box plate filling cavities is 0.5-0.99; The surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the cutter box plate filling cavities is 0.5-1; The metal particles filled in the cutter box plate filling cavities are divided into metal large particles and metal small particles according to the particle size; The weight ratio of the metal large particles to the metal small particles is 1 / 6-1 / 4; The particle size of the metal large particles is 3.5-5 mm; The particle size of the metal small particles is 2-3 mm.

2. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 1, wherein, A through groove is arranged on the cutter box plate and vertically penetrates the cutter box plate, the through groove is closed around and open at both ends, and a closed cutter box plate cavity is formed in the cutter box plate.

3. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 2, wherein, A rolling cutter is arranged in the through groove, and the cutting edge of the rolling cutter protrudes from both ends of the through groove.

4. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 2, wherein, Two supports are symmetrically arranged in the through groove, a rolling cutter shaft is fixed between the two supports, the rolling cutter penetrates the rolling cutter shaft, and the rolling cutter rotates around the rolling cutter shaft in the through groove.

5. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 3, wherein, The rolling cutter is symmetrically distributed on the cutter box plate with the rotation center of the cutter box plate as the axis.

6. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 4, wherein, The rolling cutter shaft comprises a cutter shaft body with an open end and an end cover arranged at the open end of the cutter shaft body.

7. The hard rock tunneling damping cutterhead of claim 6, wherein, The cutter shaft body is a hollow spoke structure, a plurality of strip-shaped filling cavities with a fan-shaped cross section are arranged in the cutter shaft body, the strip-shaped filling cavities are annularly distributed around the axis of the cutter shaft body, and metal particles are filled in the strip-shaped filling cavities.

8. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 6, wherein, The filling rate of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavities is 99%.

9. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 6, wherein, The particle size of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavities is 2-3 mm.

10. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 6, wherein, The surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavities is 0.5-0.

99.

11. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 6, wherein, The surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavities is 0.5-1.

12. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 6, wherein, The metal particles filled in the strip-shaped filling cavities are iron particles.

13. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 1, wherein, A conical plate is arranged on the side of the cutter box plate away from the rolling cutter.

14. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 13, wherein, The large end surface of the conical plate is butt-jointed and fixed with the outer edge of the surface of the cutter box plate away from the rolling cutter.

15. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 13, wherein, The butt-joint part of the conical plate and the cutter box plate is welded and fixed.

16. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 13, wherein, The conical plate is a conical sandwich, the conical plate comprises an inner layer cone and an outer layer cone which are nested with each other, and a conical sandwich is formed between the inner layer cone and the outer layer cone.

17. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 16, wherein, An annular structure support plate is arranged in the conical sandwich in the circumferential direction.

18. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 16, wherein, The cone-shaped interlayer is provided with a plurality of radial partitions distributed in a radial manner, which separate the cone-shaped interlayer into a plurality of cone-shaped plate filling cavities in a fan-shaped section, and the cone-shaped plate filling cavities are filled with a plurality of metal particles with different particle sizes.

19. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 18, wherein, The filling rate of the metal particles filled in the cone-shaped plate filling cavities is 97-99%.

20. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 18, wherein, The surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the cone-shaped plate filling cavities is 0.5-0.

99.

21. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 18, wherein, The surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the cone-shaped plate filling cavities is 0.5-1.

22. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 18, wherein, The metal particles filled in the cone-shaped plate filling cavities are divided into metal large particles and metal small particles according to the particle size, and the cone-shaped plate filling cavities are filled with metal large particles or metal small particles.

23. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 22, wherein, The weight ratio of the metal large particles to the metal small particles is 1 / 5-1 / 3.

24. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 22, wherein, The particle size of the metal large particles is 3.5-5 mm.

25. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 22, wherein, The particle size of the metal small particles is 2-3 mm.

26. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 18, wherein, The particle size range and the filling rate of the metal particles filled in the two symmetrical cone-shaped plate filling cavities are the same.

27. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutter head of claim 13, wherein, A support flange is arranged at the small end opening of the cone-shaped plate, the support flange is fixed to the motion mechanism, and the motion mechanism drives the damping cutter head to complete the rock breaking work.

28. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 27, wherein, The cutter box plate and the cone-shaped plate surround a containing cavity, and the output end of the motion mechanism penetrates through the support flange and extends into the containing cavity.

29. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 28, wherein, A plurality of radial rib plates with cavity structures are arranged in the containing cavity.

30. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 29, wherein, The radial rib plate includes left and right rib plates arranged oppositely and parallelly, rib plate support plates are arranged along the outer edges of the left and right rib plates, and the left and right rib plates and the rib plate support plates surround a rib plate cavity.

31. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 29, wherein, A transverse partition is arranged in the rib plate cavity, and the transverse partition divides the partition cavity into a plurality of rib plate filling cavities.

32. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 29, wherein, The rib plate filling cavities are filled with metal particles.

33. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 32, wherein, The particle size of the metal particles filled in the rib plate filling cavities is 2-3 mm.

34. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 32, wherein, The surface friction factor of the metal particles filled in the rib plate filling cavities is 0.5-0.

99.

35. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 32, wherein, The surface recovery coefficient of the metal particles filled in the rib plate filling cavities is 0.5-1.

36. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 32, wherein, The metal particles filled in the rib plate filling cavities are iron particles.

37. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of any of claims 1-36, wherein, Ventilation bolts are arranged on the structural plate bodies of the cutter box plate, the cone-shaped plate, the cutter shaft body and the rib plate, and the ventilation bolts communicate the external environment and the internal cavities.

38. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 37, wherein, The ventilation bolt is an axial through structure, and the inside of the ventilation bolt is sequentially filled with an outer hydrophobic ventilation material and an inner hydrophobic ventilation material from outside to inside.

39. The hard rock tunneling vibration reducing cutterhead of claim 37, wherein, A fastening pad is arranged between the head of the ventilation bolt and the outer wall surface of the structural plate body.

40. A method of damping design of a hard rock tunneling damped cutterhead according to any one of claims 1-39, characterized by, The damping vibration reduction design method comprises: The vibration test is performed on the hard rock tunneling damping cutter head without filling metal particles, the theoretical particle filling rate is calculated according to the collected vibration frequency and amplitude data, the particles are filled in the model of the hard rock tunneling damping cutter head according to the theoretical damping particle filling amount, and the damping experiment is performed, if the ideal damping effect is achieved, the metal particles are filled in the cutter box plate of the hard rock tunneling damping cutter head according to the current theoretical particle filling rate, otherwise, the damping particle filling rate is recalculated.

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