A method, system, device and storage medium for tracing the formation process of ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes

Abstract

The present invention discloses a traceability method, system, device and storage medium for the formation process of ice layers based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes. The method includes: obtaining the isotope concentration of the test sample of the ice layer to be tested, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample and the environmental data of the wintering period; establishing an isotope concentration distribution model according to the isotope concentration of the modeling sample and the environmental data of the wintering period; calculating the theoretical value of the isotope concentration of each height of the ice layer to be tested according to the isotope concentration distribution model; calculating the source contribution ratio of the ice layer to be tested at the height of the test sample according to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, and obtaining the formation process of the ice layer to be tested. It can conveniently and efficiently obtain how the ice layer to be tested is formed, and can form a practical method that is conducive to the quantitative inversion of the ice formation process of rivers and lakes by the physical fractionation mechanism, providing a new technology for the evaluation of the hydrological situation of rivers and lakes in the wintering period in remote areas without data and observations and the study of the mechanism of water resource evolution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method, system, device and storage medium for tracing the formation process of an ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, and belongs to the technical field of hydrology and water resources. Background Art

[0002] Analyzing the ice cover of rivers, lakes and oceans can help deepen the understanding of climate change and hydrological processes, especially the meteorological and hydrological processes in winter. From the perspective of basin hydrology, studying the source of ice on the surface of rivers and lakes in the basin provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct river and lake water bodies in remote areas without data and observations, and will help to characterize hydrological processes or extreme hydrological events during the winter.

[0003] In previous studies, the hydroclimatic information of the past was often mined by extracting and analyzing geochemical and isotopic characteristics from glacier ice cores and frozen soil deposits. In particular, the distribution characteristics of stable water isotopes in the ice layer can effectively invert the pattern and rate of ice formation, thereby further determining the type and composition of the ice layer. At present, the fractionation mechanism of water ice phase change has been relatively clear, but there is a lack of technical methods that are conducive to the quantitative inversion of the river and lake ice formation process based on the physical fractionation mechanism, which limits the in-depth understanding of the changes in the water source mechanism of river and lake runoff during the wintering period. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a method, system, device and storage medium for tracing the ice formation process based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, which can make up for the deficiencies of traditional monitoring technology and form a practical method for quantitative inversion of the ice formation process of rivers and lakes based on the physical fractionation mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for tracing the formation process of an ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, comprising:

[0007] Obtaining isotope concentrations of test samples of the ice layer to be tested, isotope concentrations of modeling samples, and wintering environmental data; the modeling samples include water samples, snow samples, and at least one ice core sample; the wintering environmental data include average temperature and average relative humidity; the isotope concentrations include hydrogen isotope concentrations or oxygen isotope concentrations;

[0008] According to the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data during the wintering period, an isotope concentration distribution model is established;

[0009] According to the isotope concentration distribution model, the theoretical isotope concentration values ​​at various heights of the ice layer to be tested are calculated;

[0010] According to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the contribution ratio of the source of the ice layer to be tested at the height where the test sample is located is calculated, and the formation process of the ice layer to be tested is obtained.

[0011] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the isotope concentration of the modeled sample of the ice layer to be tested specifically includes:

[0012] Collect ice core samples, snow samples, and water samples;

[0013] The ice core samples and snow samples are divided into several layers according to thickness to obtain ice core sub-samples and snow sub-samples;

[0014] Determine the isotope concentration of each ice core sample, each snow sample, and water sample;

[0015] The isotope concentrations of the ice core samples and the snow samples were summed and averaged to obtain the isotope concentrations of the ice core samples and the snow samples.

[0016] Furthermore, the isotope concentration distribution model is established according to the isotope concentration of the modeled sample of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data of the wintering period; specifically including:

[0017] According to the isotope concentration of the modeled sample, the degree of non-equilibrium fractionation of the ice formation process to be tested is calculated;

[0018] According to the average temperature during the wintering period, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water balance are calculated;

[0019] According to the average relative humidity during the wintering period, the degree of unbalanced fractionation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the theoretical fractionation factor, the actual fractionation coefficient and the actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium are calculated;

[0020] According to the degree of unbalanced fractionation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the actual fractionation coefficient, the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested is calculated;

[0021] According to the isotope concentration of water samples, the actual fractionation factor and the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested, an isotope concentration distribution model of the ice layer to be tested is constructed.

[0022] Furthermore, the calculation formula according to the isotope distribution model is:

[0023] ,

[0024] In the formula, For the ice layer to be tested n The distance of the point from the water surface; is the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at point n in the ice layer to be measured; is the isotope concentration of the water sample; is the average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured; is the actual fractionation factor of the ice-water equilibrium.

[0025] Furthermore, the contribution ratio of the source of the ice layer to be tested at the height of the test sample is calculated according to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration; the calculation formula is:

[0026] ,

[0027] Where η is the contribution ratio of the ice layer at the jth layer to the upper snow layer; is the isotope concentration of the ice core subsample of the jth layer of the ith ice core sample; is the measured value of the isotope concentration of the jth layer of ice core sample tested.

[0028] Furthermore, the actual fractionation factor of the ice-water equilibrium is The calculation formula is:

[0029] ,

[0030] Where D is the degree of unbalanced fractionation in the ice formation process to be measured; is the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium; is the correction factor;

[0031] Among them, the calculation formula of the unbalanced fractionation degree D of the ice layer formation process to be measured is:

[0032] ,

[0033] In the formula, For the i Isotope concentrations of ice core samples; is the isotope concentration of the snow sample;

[0034] Theoretical Fractionation Factors of Ice-Water Equilibrium The calculation formula is:

[0035] ,

[0036] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium;

[0037] When the hydrogen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as follows:

[0038] ,

[0039] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration; T is the average temperature during the wintering period;

[0040] The correction factor is calculated as:

[0041] ,

[0042] In the formula, is the correction factor calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration; s is the average relative humidity during the wintering period;

[0043] When oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0044] ;

[0045] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium calculated using oxygen isotope concentration;

[0046] The correction factor is calculated as:

[0047] ,

[0048] In the formula, is the correction factor calculated using oxygen isotope concentration.

[0049] Furthermore, the average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured is The calculation formula is:

[0050] ,

[0051] In the formula, is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; z is the thickness of the interface between ice and water; is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; D is the degree of unbalanced fractionation in the ice formation process to be measured;

[0052] Actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium The calculation formula is:

[0053] ;

[0054] Thickness of the ice-water interface z The calculation formula is:

[0055] ,

[0056] In the formula, f It is the enrichment of reservoir effect in the formation process of the ice layer to be measured; is the total thickness of the ice core sample;

[0057] Enrichment of reservoir effect during formation of the ice layer to be measured f The calculation formula is:

[0058] ;

[0059] In the formula, For the i isotope concentrations of ice core samples; is the remaining share of the water body.

[0060] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a system for tracing the formation process of river and lake ice based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, comprising:

[0061] Sampling module: used to obtain the isotope concentration of the test sample of the ice layer to be tested, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample and the environmental data during the wintering period;

[0062] Calculation module: used to establish an isotope concentration distribution model based on the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data of the wintering period; according to the isotope distribution model, the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at each height of the ice layer to be tested is calculated; according to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the source contribution ratio of the ice layer to be tested at the height of the test sample is calculated to obtain the formation process of the ice layer to be tested.

[0063] In a third aspect, a device for tracing the formation process of river and lake ice based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes includes a processor and a storage medium;

[0064] The storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0065] The processor is used to operate according to the instructions to execute the steps of any of the methods described above.

[0066] In a fourth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of any of the above methods.

[0067] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] The present invention collects samples of various forms of water in the area where the ice layer to be tested is located, and measures the hydrogen isotope concentration or oxygen isotope concentration in the samples, thereby constructing an isotope concentration distribution model for the ice layer to be tested. The theoretical isotope concentrations of the ice layer to be tested at various heights from the water surface can be conveniently obtained from the model, and the source of the ice layer to be tested at a certain height can be directly calculated according to the isotope concentration of the test sample collected from the ice layer at the height. In this way, how the ice layer to be tested is formed can be conveniently and efficiently obtained, and a practical method for quantitatively inverting the ice formation process of rivers and lakes using a physical fractionation mechanism can be formed, providing a new technology for the assessment of the hydrological situation of rivers and lakes during the wintering period in remote areas without data and observations, and the study of the mechanism of water resource evolution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0069] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the traceability method of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 2 is a ratio diagram of the degree of reaction disequilibrium fractionation in Example 1;

[0071] Figure 3 It is a linear graph of the isotope concentration distribution model in Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0073] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method, system, device and storage medium for tracing the formation process of ice layers based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, and the method includes:

[0074] S1: Obtaining the isotope concentration of the test sample of the ice layer to be tested, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample and the wintering environmental data; the modeling sample includes a water sample, a snow sample and at least one ice core sample; the wintering environmental data includes the average temperature and the average relative humidity; the isotope concentration includes the hydrogen isotope concentration or the oxygen isotope concentration;

[0075] S2: Establish an isotope concentration distribution model based on the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data during the wintering period;

[0076] S3: According to the isotope concentration distribution model, the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at each height of the ice layer to be tested is calculated;

[0077] S4: According to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the contribution ratio of the source of the ice layer to be tested at the height where the test sample is located is calculated to obtain the formation process of the ice layer to be tested.

[0078] The present invention collects samples of various forms of water in the area where the ice layer to be tested is located, and measures the hydrogen isotope concentration or oxygen isotope concentration in the samples, thereby constructing an isotope concentration distribution model for the ice layer to be tested. The theoretical isotope concentrations of the ice layer to be tested at various heights from the water surface can be conveniently obtained from the model, and the source of the ice layer to be tested at a certain height can be directly calculated according to the isotope concentration of the test sample collected from the ice layer at the height. In this way, how the ice layer to be tested is formed can be conveniently and efficiently obtained, and a practical method for quantitatively inverting the ice formation process of rivers and lakes using a physical fractionation mechanism can be formed, providing a new technology for the assessment of the hydrological situation of rivers and lakes during the wintering period in remote areas without data and observations, and the study of the mechanism of water resource evolution.

[0079] The present invention is mainly divided into three stages, including a sampling stage, a modeling stage, and an application stage. These three stages are analyzed in detail below.

[0080] 1. Sampling stage

[0081] Collect modeling samples using the following method:

[0082] Choose a suitable observation time, when the thickness of the ice layer to be measured reaches the maximum, remove the snow with a snow shovel and brush as much as possible in a relatively flat place on the ice surface, drill holes in the ice layer, and record the sampling points with a GPS device. Use a pneumatic ice extractor (diameter 70.8mm) to extract a full-length continuous ice core (up to 750cm), then carefully push the ice core out of the core tube and place it on a dry polyethylene waterproof cloth to obtain multiple ice core samples, numbered 1~ i Then, photos were taken to record the type of ice layer and the thickness. Each ice core sample was sawn into several layers according to thickness using a bevel saw box and transferred to thick-walled HDPE (high-density polyethylene) bags for storage. Each ice core sample was divided into several ice core sub-samples, numbered 1 to j.

[0083] Collect the snow above the ice layer to be tested to obtain a snow sample, and use a standard snow tube to stratify the snow sample. The preservation method is the same as above to obtain several snow sub-samples, which are numbered 1 to k.

[0084] A special water sampler was used to collect water from rivers and lakes below the ice layer. The water samples were immediately placed in 1L HDPE bottles and stored in sealed bottles to obtain water samples.

[0085] After sampling is completed, it is necessary to measure the isotope concentration of each modeling sample collected by the present invention. Before the test, the HDPE bag storing the ice and snow samples needs to be placed at room temperature. After the ice core samples and snow samples are completely melted, the liquid water is then transferred to a 125 ml HDPE bottle. The HDPE bottles containing water samples are all kept at 4°C, thereby obtaining measurable ice core samples, snow samples and water samples.

[0086] The present invention can be used to determine the hydrogen isotope ( 2 H) concentration for subsequent modeling calculations, or by measuring oxygen isotopes ( 18 The concentration of O) was used for subsequent modeling calculations. The measurement was performed using a liquid water isotope analyzer (PICARROL2130-i, Picarro, USA), with an analytical error of ±0.1‰.

[0087] The isotope concentration in the present invention is the thousandth difference between the isotope ratio in the actual sample and the standard sample, where the standard sample is standard mean ocean water (V-SMOW), expressed as follows:

[0088] ,

[0089] Where δ is the calculated isotope concentration expressed in thousandths; R spl Indicates the actual measured 2 H / 1 H or 18 O / 16 O isotope ratio; R std Indicates the standard substance 2 H / 1 H or 18 O / 16 O isotope ratio.

[0090] The calculation formula for the isotope concentration of the ice core sample is:

[0091] ,

[0092] In the formula, is the isotope concentration of the i-th ice core sample; is the isotope concentration of the ice core subsample of the jth layer of the ith ice core sample; is the thickness of the ice core subsample of the jth layer of the ith ice core sample; is the thickness of the i-th ice core sample.

[0093] The formula for calculating the isotope concentration of snow samples is:

[0094] ,

[0095] In the formula, is the isotope concentration of the snow sample; is the isotope concentration of the snow sample in the kth layer, is the thickness of the kth snow sample, is the total thickness of the snow sample.

[0096] 2. Modeling Phase

[0097] In the modeling stage, it is necessary to obtain the average temperature of the ice layer during the wintering period T and average relative humidity s. The method for establishing the isotope concentration distribution model specifically comprises:

[0098] S21: Calculate the degree of non-equilibrium fractionation of the ice formation process to be tested based on the isotope concentration of the modeled sample;

[0099] S22: According to the average temperature during the wintering period, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water balance are calculated;

[0100] S23: Calculate the actual fractionation coefficient and actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium according to the average relative humidity during the wintering period, the degree of unbalanced fractionation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the theoretical fractionation factor;

[0101] S24: calculating the average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured according to the unbalanced fractionation degree, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the actual fractionation coefficient;

[0102] S25: Construct an isotope concentration distribution model of the ice layer to be tested based on the isotope concentration of the water sample, the actual fractionation factor and the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested.

[0103] In step S21, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample can be directly measured and calculated from stage 1. The calculation formula for the degree of disequilibrium fractionation in the ice formation process to be measured is:

[0104] ,

[0105] Where D is the degree of unbalanced fractionation in the ice formation process to be measured; is the isotope concentration of the water sample.

[0106] In step S22, the calculation results of the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium are different due to the different types of isotopes used.

[0107] When the hydrogen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0108] ,

[0109] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration; T is the average temperature during the wintering period.

[0110] At this time, the calculation formula of the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium is:

[0111] ,

[0112] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium; is the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration.

[0113] When oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0114] ,

[0115] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium calculated using oxygen isotope concentration.

[0116] At this time, the calculation formula of the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium is:

[0117] ,

[0118] In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration.

[0119] The actual fractionation coefficient and the actual fractionation factor of the ice-water equilibrium to be calculated in step S23 are different from those in step S22 due to the different types of isotopes used.

[0120] When the hydrogen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0121] ,

[0122] In the formula, is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium when hydrogen isotope concentration is used for calculation.

[0123] The actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0124] ,

[0125] In the formula, is the actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium; is the actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium when using hydrogen isotope concentration for calculations; is the correction factor for ice-water balance when using hydrogen isotope concentration for calculations;

[0126] The calculation formula for the correction factor of ice-water balance is:

[0127] ,

[0128] Where s is the average relative humidity during the wintering period.

[0129] When oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0130] ,

[0131] In the formula, is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium when oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation.

[0132] The actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as:

[0133] ,

[0134] In the formula, is the actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium; is the actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium when oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation; is the correction factor for ice-water balance when oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation;

[0135] The calculation formula for the correction factor of ice-water balance is:

[0136] .

[0137] For step S24, since different types of isotopes are used in steps S22 and S23, the calculation results are different, and the average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured will also be different.

[0138] The average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured The general calculation formula is:

[0139] ,

[0140] In the formula, is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; z is the thickness of the interface between ice and water.

[0141] Thickness of the ice-water interface z The calculation formula is:

[0142] ,

[0143] In the formula, f It is the enrichment of reservoir effect during the formation of the ice layer to be measured.

[0144] Enrichment of reservoir effect during formation of the ice layer to be measured f The calculation formula is:

[0145] .

[0146] Combining the above three formulas, the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested can be calculated.

[0147] For step S25, after calculating the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested, the actual fractionation factor of the ice-water balance, and the isotope concentration of the water sample actually measured, the theoretical isotope distribution changes of the ice formation process of the river and lake water are reconstructed according to the water balance and isotope mass conservation principles, and the isotope concentration distribution model of the ice layer to be tested is constructed, so as to quantitatively calculate the theoretical source of each layer of ice. The linear equation expression of the model is:

[0148] ;

[0149] In the formula, For the ice layer to be tested n The distance of the point from the water surface; is the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at point n in the ice layer to be measured; is the isotope concentration of the water sample; is the average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured; is the actual fractionation factor of the ice-water equilibrium.

[0150] After obtaining the isotope concentration distribution model of the ice layer to be tested, different distances between the ice layer to be tested and the water surface are taken. When the isotope concentration at the corresponding height is The model expression can be used to conveniently estimate the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at each point in the ice layer to be measured.

[0151] 3. Application Phase

[0152] After obtaining the isotope concentration distribution model in stage 2, this stage will rely on the data obtained by this model to make an actual judgment on the source of the ice layer at each height of the ice layer to be tested. In this stage, according to the sampling method of the ice core sample in stage 1, the test sample is collected. The test sample is an ice core test sub-sample at a certain height of the ice layer to be tested, and its isotope concentration is measured. The present invention uses the ice layer source contribution ratio to trace the formation process of the ice layer, and the calculation formula is:

[0153] ,

[0154] Where η is the contribution ratio of the ice layer at the jth layer to the upper snow layer.

[0155] The proportion of the ice layer to be tested originating from the upper snow layer and the proportion of the lower water body can be reflected by the calculated results. The calculated result is the proportion of the ice layer at the height of the ice core test sample that originates from the snow, and the rest is the proportion that originates from the water body. This can conveniently, effectively and accurately determine the water source of the ice layer, make up for the shortcomings of traditional monitoring technology, and form a practical method that is conducive to the quantitative inversion of the ice formation process of rivers and lakes through the physical fractionation mechanism, providing a new technology for the assessment of the hydrological situation of rivers and lakes during the wintering period in remote areas without data and observations, and the study of the mechanism of water resource evolution.

[0156] Embodiment 1:

[0157] This example uses the Liard basin (277,000 square kilometers), a sub-basin of the Mackenzie Basin in the Northwest Territories of Canada, as an example to conduct river ice drilling and isotope testing in winter. Previous field observations have shown that the isotopic characteristics of its rivers are systematically preserved in the winter condensed river ice: the flow rate is slow in winter, and the surface water system is relatively static, which is conducive to the slow growth of river ice in situ.

[0158] The method according to the present invention is used to carry out source tracing analysis of the formation process of the ice layer to be tested.

[0159] During the sampling phase. Choose a suitable observation time, when the ice thickness reaches the maximum (March 2018), use a snow shovel and brush to remove the snow as much as possible in the center of the river / lake where the ice surface is relatively flat, drill 3-5 holes in the ice layer, and record the sampling points with a GPS device. Use a pneumatic ice extractor (diameter 70.8mm) to extract a full-length continuous ice core (up to 750cm can be obtained), then carefully push the ice core out of the core tube and place it on a dry polyethylene waterproof cloth to obtain multiple ice core samples. Then take photos and record, describe the type of ice layer and measure the thickness, and then use a bevel saw box to saw the continuous ice core sample into 5-10 cm ice core sub-samples. Collect the snow above the ice layer to be tested to obtain a snow sample, and use a standard snow tube to layer the snow sample. The storage method is the same as above to obtain several snow sub-samples. A total of 12 drill holes were drilled, 12 ice core samples were collected, a total of 112 ice core sub-samples, 14 water samples and 21 snow sub-samples.

[0160] In this example, oxygen isotopes ( 18 O) for modeling and determination.

[0161] The eighth ice core sample was used for calculation and analysis. The eighth ice core sample includes 10 ice core sub-samples. The isotope concentration of the eighth ice core sample is The isotope concentration of the snow sample is -18.8‰. It is -21.2‰ and can be measured directly from water samples.

[0162] Based on the isotope concentration of the modeled sample, the degree of non-equilibrium fractionation of the ice formation process to be tested is calculated D is 1.0072. Figure 2 As shown, the ratio of isotope concentrations of ice core samples from each borehole in the basin is displayed, reflecting the existence of unbalanced fractionation in the actual ice formation process of river and lake water bodies, and the degree of unbalanced fractionation shown by each borehole is relatively close, indicating that the freezing hydrological process at each sampling location is similar.

[0163] The average temperature T obtained during the wintering period is -16.3℃. Based on the average temperature during the wintering period, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water balance is calculated. The theoretical fractionation factor is 1.1224. It is 122.4.

[0164] The average relative humidity s obtained during the wintering period is 0.72. According to the average relative humidity during the wintering period, the degree of unbalanced fractionation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the theoretical fractionation factor, the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated. is 1.1305, the actual fractionation factor is 0.12583;

[0165] According to the degree of unbalanced fractionation, theoretical fractionation coefficient and actual fractionation coefficient, the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested is calculated. v It is 0.6892 cm / d, and the calculated ice-water interface height z is 1.207 cm.

[0166] Substitute the isotope concentration of the water sample, the actual fractionation factor, and the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested into the isotope concentration distribution model of the ice layer to be tested to obtain a complete linear equation, such as Figure 3 shown.

[0167] The actual isotope concentration measured for the 9th ice core sample of the 8th ice core sample is is -23.25‰; the distance Ln between the ice core sample and the water surface is 1.207 cm; then the isotope concentration distribution model of the eighth ice core sample is calculated to be is -20.08‰; finally, the source contribution ratio of the ice core sample was calculated to be 15.8%, indicating that 15.8% of the ice core sample came from the snow on the upper layer of the ice layer, and 84.2% came from the water under the ice layer.

[0168] Embodiment 2:

[0169] A traceability system for river and lake ice formation based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, including:

[0170] Sampling module: used to obtain the isotope concentration of the test sample of the ice layer to be tested, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample and the environmental data during the wintering period;

[0171] Calculation module: used to establish an isotope concentration distribution model based on the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data of the wintering period; according to the isotope distribution model, the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at each height of the ice layer to be tested is calculated; according to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the source contribution ratio of the ice layer to be tested at the height of the test sample is calculated to obtain the formation process of the ice layer to be tested.

[0172] Embodiment three:

[0173] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a device for tracing the formation process of river and lake ice based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, including a processor and a storage medium;

[0174] The storage medium is used to store instructions;

[0175] The processor is used to operate according to the instructions to perform the steps of the following method:

[0176] Obtain the isotope concentration of the test sample of the ice layer to be tested, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample, and the environmental data during the wintering period;

[0177] According to the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data during the wintering period, an isotope concentration distribution model is established;

[0178] According to the isotope distribution model, the theoretical value of isotope concentration at each height of the ice layer to be tested is calculated;

[0179] According to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the contribution ratio of the source of the ice layer to be tested at the height where the test sample is located is calculated, and the formation process of the ice layer to be tested is obtained.

[0180] Embodiment 4:

[0181] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the following method are implemented:

[0182] Obtaining isotope concentrations of test samples of the ice layer to be tested, isotope concentrations of modeling samples, and wintering environmental data; the modeling samples include water samples, snow samples, and at least one ice core sample; the wintering environmental data include average temperature and average relative humidity; the isotope concentrations include hydrogen isotope concentrations or oxygen isotope concentrations;

[0183] According to the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data during the wintering period, an isotope concentration distribution model is established;

[0184] According to the isotope distribution model, the theoretical value of isotope concentration at each height of the ice layer to be tested is calculated;

[0185] According to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the contribution ratio of the source of the ice layer to be tested at the height where the test sample is located is calculated, and the formation process of the ice layer to be tested is obtained.

[0186] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present application may adopt the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Moreover, the present application may adopt the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0187] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or box in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or boxes in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0188] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A function specified in one or more boxes.

[0189] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operating steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions for implementing the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps for the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0190] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for tracing the formation process of ice layers based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, It is characterized in that include: Obtaining isotope concentrations of test samples of the ice layer to be tested, isotope concentrations of modeling samples, and wintering environmental data; the modeling samples include water samples, snow samples, and at least one ice core sample; the wintering environmental data include average temperature and average relative humidity; the isotope concentrations include hydrogen isotope concentrations or oxygen isotope concentrations; According to the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data during the wintering period, an isotope concentration distribution model is established; According to the isotope concentration distribution model, the theoretical isotope concentration values ​​at various heights of the ice layer to be tested are calculated; According to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the contribution ratio of the source of the ice layer to be tested at the height where the test sample is located is calculated to obtain the formation process of the ice layer to be tested; The method of establishing an isotope concentration distribution model according to the isotope concentration of the modeled sample of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data of the wintering period specifically includes: According to the isotope concentration of the modeled sample, the degree of non-equilibrium fractionation of the ice formation process to be tested is calculated; According to the average temperature during the wintering period, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water balance are calculated; According to the average relative humidity during the wintering period, the degree of unbalanced fractionation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the theoretical fractionation factor, the actual fractionation coefficient and the actual fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium are calculated; According to the degree of unbalanced fractionation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient and the actual fractionation coefficient, the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested is calculated; According to the isotope concentration of water samples, the actual fractionation factor and the average formation rate of the ice layer to be tested, an isotope concentration distribution model of the ice layer to be tested is constructed.

2. The method for tracing the formation process of ice layers based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method for obtaining the isotope concentration of the modeled sample of the ice layer to be tested specifically includes: Collect ice core samples, snow samples, and water samples; The ice core samples and snow samples are divided into several layers according to thickness to obtain ice core sub-samples and snow sub-samples; Determine the isotope concentration of each ice core sample, each snow sample, and water sample; The isotope concentrations of the ice core samples and the snow samples were summed and averaged to obtain the isotope concentrations of the ice core samples and the snow samples.

3. The method for tracing the formation process of ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The calculation formula according to the isotope distribution model is: ， In the formula, For the ice layer to be tested n The distance of the point from the water surface; is the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at point n in the ice layer to be measured; is the isotope concentration of the water sample; is the average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured; is the actual fractionation factor of the ice-water equilibrium.

4. The method for tracing the formation process of ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The contribution ratio of the ice layer to be tested at the height of the test sample is calculated according to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration; the calculation formula is: ， Where η is the contribution ratio of the ice layer at the jth layer to the upper snow layer; is the isotope concentration of the ice core subsample of the jth layer of the ith ice core sample; is the measured value of the isotope concentration of the jth layer of ice core sample tested.

5. The method for tracing the formation process of ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The actual fractionation factor of the ice-water equilibrium The calculation formula is: ， Where D is the degree of unbalanced fractionation in the ice formation process to be measured; is the theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium; is the correction factor; Among them, the calculation formula of the unbalanced fractionation degree D of the ice layer formation process to be measured is: ， In the formula, For the i isotope concentrations of ice core samples; is the isotope concentration of the snow sample; Theoretical fractionation factor of ice-water equilibrium The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; When the hydrogen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as follows: ， In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration; T is the average temperature during the wintering period; The correction factor is calculated as: ， In the formula, is the correction factor calculated using hydrogen isotope concentration; s is the average relative humidity during the wintering period; When oxygen isotope concentration is used for calculation, the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium is calculated as: ； In the formula, is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium calculated using oxygen isotope concentration; The correction factor is calculated as: ， In the formula, is the correction factor calculated using oxygen isotope concentration.

6. The method for tracing the formation process of ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The average formation rate of the ice layer to be measured The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, is the actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; z is the thickness of the interface between ice and water; is the theoretical fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium; D is the degree of unbalanced fractionation in the ice formation process to be measured; Actual fractionation coefficient of ice-water equilibrium The calculation formula is: ； Thickness of the ice-water interface z The calculation formula is: ， In the formula, f It is the enrichment of reservoir effect in the formation process of the ice layer to be measured; is the total thickness of the ice core sample; Enrichment of reservoir effect during formation of the ice layer to be measured f The calculation formula is: ； In the formula, For the i isotope concentrations of ice core samples; is the remaining share of the water body.

7. A traceability system for the formation process of river and lake ice based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, It is characterized in that The system is used to implement the method for tracing the formation process of an ice layer based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes according to any one of claims 1 to 6, and the system comprises: Sampling module: used to obtain the isotope concentration of the test sample of the ice layer to be tested, the isotope concentration of the modeling sample and the environmental data during the wintering period; Calculation module: used to establish an isotope concentration distribution model based on the isotope concentration of the modeled samples of the ice layer to be tested and the environmental data of the wintering period; according to the isotope distribution model, the theoretical value of the isotope concentration at each height of the ice layer to be tested is calculated; according to the isotope concentration of the test sample and the theoretical value of the isotope concentration, the source contribution ratio of the ice layer to be tested at the height of the test sample is calculated to obtain the formation process of the ice layer to be tested.

8. A device for tracing the formation process of river and lake ice based on hydrogen or oxygen isotopes, It is characterized in that including processor and storage medium; The storage medium is used to store instructions; The processor is used to operate according to the instructions to execute the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, It is characterized in that When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.

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