A composite management method of moringa for feed and silage corn

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composite management method of moringa for feeding and corn silage, comprising the following measures: (1) plot selection and planning, (2) seed selection, (3) sowing method, (4) field management, (5) harvesting and (6) feeding. The present invention proposes a composite management mode of moringa for feeding and corn silage within a limited arable land range to achieve efficient production and utilization of moringa for feeding and corn silage; the technology can reduce the cost of planting and maintenance, achieve multiple harvests within a year, fully guarantee the supply of feed raw materials, and reduce the additional feed expenditure required for single feeding of moringa for feeding / corn silage, better combine with the actual application of feeding, achieve increased income for farmers and herdsmen, and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a composite management method of fodder moringa and silage corn. Background Art

[0002] Moringa Oleifera Lam., also known as the drumstick tree and the magic tree, belongs to the Moringa genus (Moringa Adans.) of the Moringaceae family. It is a tropical and subtropical deciduous woody vegetable and oil plant native to India and Africa. Its leaves, flowers, buds, stems, pods and roots are edible and rich in nutrients. It is the best source of plant protein, vitamins, folic acid, pantothenic acid, calcium, iron, selenium and other nutrients found so far. It has the medical and health care effects of treating hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, enhancing physical strength, inhibiting bacteria, etc. Moringa oleifera is a fast-growing tree with a long taproot, high temperature resistance, drought resistance, and an optimal growth temperature of 25℃ to 35℃. It can adapt to various soil types, with sandy loam being the best. It can grow normally in a soil pH range of 4.5 to 8. It is suitable for planting in tropical and subtropical areas below 600m above sea level in my country. In recent years, due to the sharp increase in demand for moringa for feed, the price of moringa raw materials for feed has been rising year by year, and the supply of raw materials is insufficient. Hainan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other tropical and subtropical regions are authentic production areas of moringa for feed, and the quality of moringa produced there is relatively good. With the increasing demand for high-quality feed in the livestock breeding industry, the moringa industry for feed will usher in rapid development. However, the shortage of land resources and the inefficient conversion and utilization of moringa feed have hindered the development of the moringa industry for feed.

[0003] Silage corn is a special corn used for livestock and poultry feed. It has the advantages of rich nutrition, good palatability and high digestibility. Since the launch of the "Pilot Program for Grain-to-Feed" in 2015, silage corn has been widely planted and promoted in my country. Feed Moringa stems and leaves have been included in my country's "Feed Raw Materials Catalog". The protein content of feed Moringa leaves is as high as 27%, which can be used as a source of high-quality protein feed. Feed Moringa leaves contain a variety of active ingredients such as flavonoids, polyphenols, phenylpropanoids, terpenes, steroids, alkaloids, isothiocyanates and organic acids. It has pharmacological activities such as lowering blood sugar, lowering uric acid, anti-tumor, regulating blood lipids, anti-oxidation and liver protection. Adding feed Moringa to livestock and poultry feed can improve the production performance, antioxidant and immune function of livestock and poultry, regulate intestinal health, and improve the quality of meat, eggs and milk. It has been used in livestock and poultry breeding such as cattle, sheep, pigs, chickens, ducks, geese, etc., with good economic and social benefits. At the same time, the large-scale development of silage corn or moringa monoculture within the limited arable land in my country will inevitably lead to conflicts with grain crops, limiting their development space. Therefore, the compound management model of moringa and silage corn can not only increase the variety of feed, improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry and increase income, but also contribute to national food security, grassland ecological protection and sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry.

[0004] Although Moringa oleifera has rich nutritional value and good efficacy value, the current research on feeding safety of Moringa oleifera is still in its infancy. When used as feed, it is generally added to the daily diet of livestock and poultry in proportion. Therefore, when farmers actually use it, they need to increase the expenditure of other feeding raw materials, and the promotion of technology is limited. At the same time, when Moringa oleifera is planted alone, the limited land resources and light, temperature and water resources cannot be efficiently utilized, and the planting technology is single, which cannot maximize the benefits. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention aims to provide a composite management method of moringa forage and corn silage, which solves the contradiction of competing for land with grain crops caused by large-scale development of corn silage or moringa forage monoculture within the limited arable land range in my country, as well as the problems of low efficiency in harvesting feed raw materials, failure to ensure yield and quality, unscientific animal feeding ratio and low feed utilization efficiency.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for compound management of moringa forage and silage corn, comprising the following measures:

[0007] (1) Site selection and planning: Select a site with flat terrain, loose soil, good drainage, sufficient sunlight, and no heavy metal pollution. Remove weeds from the site, apply 1 ton / mu of farmyard manure as base fertilizer, till the soil to mix the base fertilizer, till the soil to a depth of >25 cm, and level the land.

[0008] (2) Seed selection: Select seeds of Moringa oleifera and silage corn with mature and full grains, no diseases or insect pests, and a seed purity of ≥98% and a germination rate of >95%. Select seeds of Moringa oleifera varieties with lush branches and leaves, and select Zhengda 808 varieties for silage corn.

[0009] (3) Sowing method: From March to April, 2 silage corn and / or Moringa seeds are sown in each planting pond. The Moringa seeds are covered with 3 to 5 cm of soil and compacted, and the corn seeds are covered with 2 to 3 cm of soil and compacted. The silage corn and Moringa are planted alternately in each row, and the planting pattern of each row is the same. The interval planting ratio of Moringa: silage corn is 1:1, and 2 silage corn or Moringa seeds are planted in each pond.

[0010] (4) Field management: After 10 to 15 days of germination, observe the emergence of seedlings, remove weak seedlings, and replant them, and remove weeds in time; use 10 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 40% to 45% per mu as seed fertilizer; irrigate every 4 to 5 days to keep the soil moist, and drain it during the rainy season.

[0011] (5) Harvesting: The whole plant of silage corn is harvested. At the same time as the silage corn is harvested, the fodder moringa is harvested by cutting the stems. The stubble height of the fodder moringa is 30 cm to 60 cm. After the fodder moringa is harvested, 10 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu.

[0012] (6) Feeding: The Moringa oleifera and silage corn described in step (5) are dried and crushed into 1-2 cm, and EM fermentation bacteria are added for ensiling. The feeding mass ratio of the silage corn to the Moringa oleifera is 80:20.

[0013] Furthermore, in step (3), Moringa oleifera and silage corn are planted in inter-rows, with a plant spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 50 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (5), the harvest height of Moringa oleifera for feeding is 60 cm.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. The present invention proposes a composite management model of moringa for feeding and silage corn within a limited range of cultivated land to achieve efficient production of moringa for feeding and silage corn. This technology can not only reduce the cost of planting and maintenance, achieve multiple harvests within a year, fully guarantee the supply of feed raw materials, but also reduce the additional feed expenditure required for single feeding moringa / silage corn, better combine with the actual application of feeding, increase the income of farmers and herdsmen, and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry.

[0017] 2. For the first time, the efficient planting, harvesting and feeding technologies of Moringa oleifera and silage corn were integrated, and a compound management method of Moringa oleifera and silage corn was proposed, which ensured the supply and quality of feed raw materials, significantly improved the growth performance of feeding animals, realized the systematization of planting and processing technologies, and improved the production and utilization level of feed raw materials. It is of great significance to alleviate the pressure on the supply of high-quality feed in China and reduce the dependence of the breeding industry on grains, soybeans and other food crops, and plays a positive role in ensuring food and ecological security. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 Effects of feeding different ratios of silage corn and moringa on cattle body weight.

[0019] Figure 2 Illustration of seven different planting patterns. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] A composite management method of moringa forage and silage corn, which is as follows:

[0022] (1) Site selection and planning: Select a site with flat terrain, loose soil, good drainage, sufficient sunlight, and no heavy metal pollution. Remove weeds from the site, apply 1 ton / mu of farmyard manure as base fertilizer, till the soil to a depth of >25 cm, and level the land.

[0023] (2) Seed selection: Select seeds of Moringa oleifera and silage corn with mature and full grains, no pests and diseases, seed purity ≥ 98%, and germination rate > 95%. Select seeds of Moringa oleifera varieties with lush branches and leaves, and select Zhengda 808 varieties for silage corn;

[0024] (3) Sowing method: From March to April, seven different planting patterns were designed. Moringa fodder and corn silage were planted in inter-rows with a plant spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 50 cm. Two seeds were sown in each planting pond. Moringa fodder seeds were covered with 3–5 cm of compacted soil, and corn seeds were covered with 2–3 cm of compacted soil.

[0025] The specific experimental design includes 7 different planting patterns. For details, see Figure 2 , the specific settings are as follows:

[0026] (a) Direct mixed planting of Moringa oleifera and silage corn:

[0027] MC1: Two silage corn seeds and two forage Moringa seeds were planted in each pond.

[0028] (b) Moringa oleifera and silage corn are planted in alternate rows:

[0029] MC2: Moringa fodder and silage corn are planted in alternate rows, with silage corn and moringa fodder planted alternately in each row, and 2 silage corn or moringa fodder seeds per pond.

[0030] MC3: The ratio of the number of seeds of Moringa fodder and silage corn planted is 20:80. Moringa fodder seeds cannot be planted adjacent to each other. There are 2 silage corn or Moringa fodder seeds per pond.

[0031] MC4: The ratio of the number of seeds of Moringa fodder and silage corn planted is 40:60. Moringa fodder seeds cannot be planted adjacent to each other. There are 2 silage corn or Moringa fodder seeds per pond.

[0032] MC5: The ratio of the number of seeds planted for fodder moringa and silage corn is 50:50, silage corn and fodder moringa are planted alternately in each row, and the planting pattern of each row is the same, with 2 silage corn or fodder moringa seeds per pond.

[0033] MC6: The ratio of the number of seeds of Moringa oleifera and silage corn planted is 60:40. The seeds of silage corn forage cannot be planted adjacent to each other. There are 2 seeds of silage corn or Moringa oleifera per pond.

[0034] MC7: The ratio of the number of seeds of Moringa oleifera and silage corn planted is 80:20. The seeds of silage corn forage cannot be planted adjacent to each other. There are 2 seeds of silage corn or Moringa oleifera per pond.

[0035] MC2~MC7 were planted with 2 seeds in each pond. The experimental plot area was 30㎡ (6m×5m), with 4 replicates. For details of the planting diagram, see Figure 2 .

[0036] (4) Field management: After 10-15 days of germination of Moringa and corn, observe the emergence of seedlings, remove weak, small and diseased seedlings, replant and remove weeds in time. Use 10kg of compound fertilizer with 40%-45% nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content per mu as seed fertilizer; irrigate once every 4-5 days to keep the soil moist, and pay attention to drainage during the rainy season.

[0037] (5) Harvesting: The whole plant of silage corn is harvested. At the same time as the silage corn is harvested, the fodder moringa is harvested by cutting the stems at a stubble height of 10 to 60 cm. After the fodder moringa is harvested, 10 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu. Among them, different stubble heights are set, specifically: the stubble height of the stem is 10 cm to 60 cm, the stubble height of the leaf is 10 cm to 60 cm, and the stubble height of the whole plant is 10 cm to 60 cm. Fertilizers are added in time according to the growth of the fodder moringa.

[0038] (6) Processing: The above-ground parts of moringa oleifera and silage corn are dried for 2 hours, crushed into 1-2 cm, and silaged by adding EM fermentation agent. The silage corn and moringa oleifera are fed at a mass ratio of 80:20.

[0039] The experimental results are as follows:

[0040] 1. The basis for harvesting Moringa for fodder is as follows: Conducting experiments on the effects of different composite planting patterns on the properties.

[0041] Table 1 Effects of different composite planting patterns on the bio-agronomic traits of silage corn and forage Moringa oleifera

[0042]

[0043] The effects of different composite planting patterns on the agronomic traits of silage corn and forage moringa are shown in Table 1. It can be seen from Table 1 that with the increase in the planting proportion of forage moringa, the parameters of silage corn, such as plant height, stem thickness, plant weight, leaf length, ear length, and ear thickness, tend to increase, and the agronomic traits of silage corn in the planting patterns of MC5, MC6, and MC7 are good. With the increase in the planting proportion of forage moringa, the parameters of silage moringa, such as plant height, stem thickness, and plant weight, tend to increase, and the agronomic traits of forage moringa in the planting patterns of MC5, MC6, and MC7 are good.

[0044] Table 2 Effects of different composite planting patterns on the biomass yield of silage corn and fodder Moringa

[0045]

[0046] The effects of different composite planting patterns on the biomass yield of silage corn and fodder moringa are shown in Table 2. It can be seen from Table 2 that under the same planting area, the MC5 planting pattern has the largest biomass yield of silage corn, while the MC7 planting pattern has the largest biomass yield of fodder moringa.

[0047] Table 3 Membership function analysis and evaluation of different composite planting patterns

[0048]

[0049] In order to determine the optimal composite planting pattern for the biological yield of silage corn and fodder moringa, the membership function method was used to analyze the effects of different planting ratios on the biological yield of silage corn and fodder moringa, and to make a comprehensive ranking. The specific results are shown in Table 3.

[0050] It can be seen from Table 3 that under the same planting area, the MC5 planting pattern, that is, when the planting ratio of silage corn and fodder moringa is 50:50, the membership function value is the highest, and the comprehensive performance of the biological yield of silage corn and fodder moringa is better.

[0051] 2. Test on the influence of different stubble heights on properties

[0052] Table 4 Effects of different stubble heights on agronomic traits of Moringa oleifera

[0053]

[0054] Table 5 Effects of different stubble heights on the quality traits of Moringa oleifera

[0055]

[0056] The effects of different stubble heights on the agronomic and quality traits of forage Moringa are shown in Table 4. As shown in Table 4, the agronomic traits of forage Moringa at stubble heights of 30 cm and 60 cm are characterized by tall plants, thick stems, and large plot yields.

[0057] As shown in Table 5, the quality traits of the whole plant of Moringa oleifera with a stubble height of 60 cm were good, specifically, the contents of starch, total sugar, crude protein and crude fat were higher than those of the 10 cm and 30 cm treatment groups. Through the analysis of the quality traits of leaves and stems, it was found that the 60 cm stubble treatment was conducive to the accumulation of crude protein in leaves, and total sugar and crude fat in stems.

[0058] Table 6 Membership function analysis of agronomic traits at different stubble heights

[0059]

[0060] Table 7 Membership function analysis of quality traits at different stubble heights

[0061]

[0062] The membership function analysis of agronomic traits and quality traits of forage Moringa at different stubble heights is shown in Tables 6 and 7. As shown in Table 6, the agronomic traits of the stubble height of 60 cm are better than those of 10 cm and 30 cm, which are characterized by thick stems, tall plants, large biological yield, and high dry matter content of stems and leaves.

[0063] It can be seen from Table 7 that the quality traits of 30cm and 60cm stubble heights performed well. At the same time, the average values ​​of the membership functions of agronomic traits and quality traits of 10cm, 30cm, and 60cm were 0.45, 0.47, and 0.52, respectively, and the comprehensive ranking was 60cm>30cm>10cm, that is, the comprehensive performance of agronomic traits and quality traits of 60cm stubble height was better.

[0064] 3. Feeding method is as follows:

[0065] The feeding method is as follows: the effect of mixed feeding of different mass ratios of silage corn and moringa on the weight gain of cattle was tested. Four mass percentages of silage corn and moringa were set in the test, among which the first group was 100% silage corn; the second group was 80% silage corn and 20% moringa; the third group was 60% silage corn and 40% moringa; the fourth group was 20% silage corn and 80% moringa; each group was set up with 4 replicates. The cattle were weighed on the 45th, 90th and 135th days, and the average daily weight gain of different treatments was calculated. The results are shown in Figure 1 .Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that the average daily weight gain of the second group, that is, the mixed feeding of 80% silage corn and 20% Moringa oleifera, was higher than that of the other groups, and when the silage corn ratio was higher than 20%, the average daily weight gain of cattle decreased. It can be seen that 80% silage corn added with 20% Moringa oleifera is more conducive to cattle growth.

[0066] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composite management method of moringa forage and silage corn, characterized in that: These measures include: (1) Site selection and planning: Select a site with flat terrain, loose soil, good drainage, sufficient sunlight, and no heavy metal pollution. Remove weeds from the site, apply 1 ton / mu of farmyard manure as base fertilizer, till the soil to a depth of >25 cm, and level the land. (2) Seed selection: Select seeds of Moringa oleifera and silage corn with mature and full grains, no pests and diseases, seed purity ≥ 98%, and germination rate > 95%. Select seeds of Moringa oleifera varieties with lush branches and leaves, and select Zhengda 808 varieties for silage corn; (3) Sowing method: From March to April, 2 silage corn and / or Moringa seeds were sown in each planting pond. Moringa seeds were covered with 3-5 cm of soil and compacted, and corn seeds were covered with 2-3 cm of soil and compacted. The silage corn and Moringa were planted alternately in each row, and the planting pattern of each row was the same. The spacing ratio of Moringa: silage corn was 1:1, and 2 silage corn or Moringa seeds were planted in each pond. Moringa and silage corn were planted in rows, with a plant spacing of 30 cm and a row spacing of 50 cm. (4) Field management: After 10 to 15 days of germination, observe the emergence of seedlings, remove weak seedlings, and replant them, and remove weeds in time; use 10 kg of compound fertilizer with a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of 40% to 45% per mu as seed fertilizer; irrigate once every 4 to 5 days to keep the soil moist, and drain it during the rainy season; (5) Harvesting: The whole silage corn is harvested. At the same time as the silage corn is harvested, the fodder moringa is harvested by cutting the stalks. The stubble height of the fodder moringa is 30 cm to 60 cm. After the fodder moringa is harvested, 10 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is added per mu; (6) Feeding: The Moringa oleifera and silage corn described in step (5) are dried and crushed into 1-2 cm, and EM fermentation bacteria are added for silage. The feeding mass ratio of the silage corn to the Moringa oleifera is 80:

20.

2. The composite management method of moringa forage and silage corn according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Step (5) The stubble height of Moringa for medium feeding is 60cm.

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