A restoration method for high-transparency gemstone cultural relics

Abstract

The present invention provides a restoration method for high-transparency gemstone cultural relics, which relates to the technical field of restoration. The restoration method for high-transparency gemstone cultural relics provided by the present invention includes the following steps: (1) cleaning the butt joint surfaces of the gemstone fragments; (2) after completely butting the gemstone fragments, fixing the butting area; (3) applying Hexata adhesive to the gaps in the butting area and leaving a gap of 1 / 4 to 1 / 3, to obtain a first spliced piece; (4) placing the first spliced piece in a vacuum chamber for vacuum pumping, with the air pressure in the vacuum chamber being -0.090 to -0.098 MPa for 5 to 10 minutes, to obtain a second spliced piece; (5) polishing the surface of the butting area of the second spliced piece with diamond polishing paste to complete the restoration of the gemstone. The present invention solves the problems of transparency and butting tightness encountered in the restoration of high-transparency gemstone cultural relics, and reduces the cracks remaining after butting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of restoration, and particularly to a restoration method for high-transparency gem cultural relics. Background Art

[0002] Currently, there are few reports on the technology for restoring gem cultural relics in China. Different from traditional jade cultural relics, gem cultural relics often have higher requirements in terms of transparency and the tightness of docking. Therefore, the methods for restoring traditional jade cultural relics are not applicable to restoring gem cultural relics.

[0003] In the restoration of cultural relics, when splicing and restoring high-transparency gem cultural relics with fractures and defects, it is often only simple manual splicing, lacking relevant mature restoration technical routes, and not conducting much research and testing on the use of repair agents for bonding and repairing, which affects the final restoration effect of such cultural relics and is not conducive to future cultural relic protection and research. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a restoration method for high-transparency gem cultural relics. The present invention solves the problems of transparency and docking tightness encountered in the restoration process of high-transparency gem cultural relics, and reduces the cracks remaining after docking.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides a restoration method for high-transparency gem cultural relics, including the following steps:

[0007] (1) Clean the docking surfaces of the gem fragments;

[0008] (2) After completely docking the gem fragments, fix the docking area;

[0009] (3) Apply Hexata adhesive to the gaps in the docking area, and leave a gap of 1 / 4 - 1 / 3, to obtain a first spliced part;

[0010] (4) Place the first spliced part in a vacuum chamber, evacuate the air, with the air pressure in the vacuum chamber being -0.090 - -0.098 MPa, for 5 - 10 min, to obtain a second spliced part;

[0011] (5) Polish the surface of the docking area of the second spliced part with diamond grinding paste to complete the restoration of the gem.

[0012] Preferably, in step (2), the docking area is fixed with paper tape.

[0013] Preferably, when there are voids inside the gem fragments, when fixing the docking area, use a bamboo stick or an iron stick to pass through the voids in advance and then fix.

[0014] Preferably, after the evacuation in step (4), the following steps are further included: allowing the obtained sample to stand outside the vacuum chamber for curing to obtain a second spliced part.

[0015] Preferably, after obtaining the second spliced part, a filling treatment is further included.

[0016] Preferably, the filling treatment includes: filling the defective part of the gemstone with Hexata adhesive and curing it.

[0017] Preferably, the grinding and polishing in step (5) includes: successively using diamond grinding pastes with mesh numbers of 2000, 5000, 10000, and 30000 for grinding and polishing.

[0018] Preferably, after the grinding and polishing in step (5), the surface of the gemstone is further cleaned.

[0019] Preferably, the gemstone includes beryl or quartz crystal.

[0020] The present invention provides a method for repairing high-transparency gemstone cultural relics. By cleaning the docking surfaces of the gemstone fragments, the present invention can avoid the obstruction of the line of sight caused by dust and stains and the influence on the fitting degree of the docking of each fragment. After completely docking the gemstone fragments, the present invention fixes the docking area to prevent the displacement and misalignment of the fragments during the penetration of the adhesive. In the present invention, the Hexata adhesive has good fluidity and transparency. Using the Hexata adhesive for bonding can improve the docking tightness and does not affect the transparency of the gemstone. The present invention applies the Hexata adhesive to the gaps in the docking area and reserves a gap of 1 / 4 - 1 / 3 to facilitate the full discharge of air during the subsequent negative pressure process. The present invention places the first spliced part in a vacuum chamber and evacuates it. Since the environment where the gemstone is located is under negative pressure, to balance the internal pressure of the cracks on the docking surface, the air inside the cracks of the gemstone will be pumped out during this process, and the Hexata adhesive on the surface will enter the docking surface in the form of penetration and inhalation, improving the docking tightness. The present invention uses diamond grinding paste to grind and polish the surface of the docking area of the second spliced part, which can improve the unevenness of the surface of the solidified Hexata. By improving the flatness of the surface of the adhesive sandwiched between the cracks, the present invention improves the transparency of the adhesive itself and further reduces the connection trace between the adhesive and the gemstone body, making the repaired gemstone natural, with a smoother and more polished surface. The present invention solves the problems of transparency and docking tightness encountered in the repair process of high-transparency gemstone cultural relics and reduces the cracks remaining after docking. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a damaged view of the crystal and beryl bead string in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 2This is a picture of the broken fragment 1 (20X);

[0023] Figure 3 This is a picture of the broken fragment 2 (30X);

[0024] Figure 4 This is a picture of the broken fragment 3 (30X);

[0025] Figure 5 This is a picture of the broken fragment 4 (50X);

[0026] Figure 6 This is a picture of the broken beryl fragment 5 (50X);

[0027] Figure 7 This is a picture of the broken beryl fragment 6 (50X);

[0028] Figure 8 The incomplete state of the beryl after the broken pieces were pieced together;

[0029] Figure 9 For 8 beads photos and texture;

[0030] Figure 10 For crystal and beryl beads, disease pictures;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a picture of the beryl after bonding;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a side view of the beryl after secondary filling and trimming;

[0033] Figure 13 This is a picture of the beryl after polishing.

[0034] Figure 14 Take a photo of the whole ornament;

[0035] Figure 15 Vacuum pump and vacuum box used for repair;

[0036] Figure 16 The silicone glue (100X) failed to penetrate completely;

[0037] Figure 17 The bonding effect of ergo5910 butt joint (50X);

[0038] Figure 18 The bonding effect of the butt joint with UV shadowless adhesive (50X);

[0039] Figure 19 This is the bonding effect of Hexsta adhesive on the butt joint (100X);

[0040] Figure 20 Fragments of glass slide samples fixed with paper tape;

[0041] Figure 21 Details of the bonding area before grinding and polishing (50X);

[0042] Figure 22 Details of the bonding area after grinding and polishing (50X). Specific implementation mode

[0043] The present invention provides a method for repairing high-transparency gem cultural relics, including the following steps:

[0044] (1) Clean the docking surfaces of the gem fragments;

[0045] (2) After completely docking the gem fragments, fix the docking area;

[0046] (3) Apply Hexata adhesive to the gaps in the docking area, and leave a gap of 1 / 4 to 1 / 3, to obtain a first splicing piece;

[0047] (4) Place the first splicing piece in a vacuum chamber, evacuate, the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is -0.090 to -0.098 MPa, for 5 to 10 min, to obtain a second splicing piece;

[0048] (5) Grind and polish the surface of the docking area of the second splicing piece with diamond grinding paste to complete the repair of the gem.

[0049] The present invention cleans the docking surfaces of the gem fragments. In the present invention, the cleaning method preferably includes: using alcohol in combination with cotton swabs and toothpicks to remove dust, dirt and stains on the surfaces of each gem fragment. The present invention cleans the docking surfaces of the gem fragments, which can avoid the obstruction of the line of sight caused by dust and stains and affect the fitting degree of the docking between the fragments.

[0050] After cleaning the docking surfaces of the gem fragments, the present invention completely docks the gem fragments and then fixes the docking area. In the present invention, the docking area is preferably fixed with paper tape. After the present invention completely docks the gem fragments and fixes the docking area, it can prevent the displacement and misalignment of the fragments caused during the penetration of the adhesive.

[0051] In the present invention, when there are voids inside the gem fragments, such as perforated jewelry cultural relics, when fixing the docking area, it is preferable to use bamboo sticks or iron sticks to pass through the voids in advance and then fix. In the present invention, the surfaces of the bamboo sticks or iron sticks are preferably coated with a release agent. The present invention first fills the voids with bamboo sticks or iron sticks, which can prevent the internal voids from being blocked after the adhesive solidifies.

[0052] The present invention applies Hexsta adhesive to the gap of the docking area and reserves 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the gap to obtain a first splicing piece. The present invention preferably uses a toothpick to dip Hexsta adhesive and apply it to the gap of the docking area. In the present invention, Hexsta adhesive has good fluidity and transparency. The use of Hexsta adhesive for bonding can improve the tightness of the docking without affecting the transparency of the gemstone. The present invention reserves 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the gap to facilitate the full discharge of air during the subsequent negative pressure process.

[0053] After obtaining the first splicing piece, the present invention places the first splicing piece in a vacuum box and performs vacuuming. The air pressure in the vacuum box is -0.090 to -0.098 MPa, which lasts for 5 to 10 minutes to obtain the second splicing piece. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the air pressure in the vacuum box is -0.095 MPa, which lasts for 8 minutes. In the present invention, since the environment in which the gem is located is under negative pressure, in order to balance the internal pressure of the cracks on the docking surface, the air inside the gem cracks will be extracted during this process, and the Hexsta adhesive on the surface will enter the docking surface in the form of penetration and inhalation, thereby improving the tightness of the docking. The present invention limits the above-mentioned air pressure value, which can ensure that the adhesive fully penetrates the interior of the cracks and covers the docking surface between the bonded gem fragments more comprehensively, forming an extremely thin colloid layer.

[0054] In the present invention, after the vacuuming, it is preferred that the method further includes: allowing the obtained sample to stand outside the vacuum box for curing to obtain a second splicing piece. In the present invention, after the vacuuming is completed, the air inlet valve of the vacuum box is preferably opened to allow external air to enter the vacuum box, and when the air pressure in the box is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, the vacuum box is opened to take out the sample. In the present invention, the curing time is preferably 12 to 24 hours. In the present invention, after the Hexsta adhesive is cured, the paper tape on the surface of the sample is preferably removed, and the residual adhesive on the surface of the sample is preliminarily removed using a scalpel in combination with an alcohol swab, and then allowed to stand for 24 hours. It can ensure that the Hexsta adhesive is completely cured.

[0055] After obtaining the second splicing piece, the present invention preferably also includes a completion treatment. In the present invention, the completion treatment preferably includes: filling the Hexsta adhesive into the incomplete part of the gemstone and curing it. Before performing the filling, the present invention preferably allows the Hexsta adhesive to stand for 8 hours to increase the viscosity of the Hexsta adhesive for easy shaping. In the present invention, for perforated gemstone artifacts, after spraying the release agent on the surface of the iron skewer, the Hexsta adhesive is passed through the inner holes of the gemstone beads and is allowed to stand for 8 hours. Fill the incomplete depression, after preliminary solidification, take out the iron skewer in time and spray the release agent again to prevent the Hexsta adhesive from adhering to the iron skewer and the hole. The present invention preferably fills the Hexsta adhesive according to the shape of the gemstone body to achieve a more natural effect. In the present invention, the number of fillings is preferably one to two times.

[0056] After the completion treatment, the present invention uses diamond polishing paste to grind and polish the surface of the butt joint area of the spliced parts after the completion treatment to complete the repair of the gemstone. Before the grinding and polishing, the present invention preferably uses a scalpel in cooperation with alcohol and cotton swabs to preliminarily clean the residual glue marks on the surface of the spliced parts after the completion treatment.

[0057] In the present invention, the grinding and polishing preferably includes: successively using diamond polishing paste with mesh numbers of 2000, 5000, 10000, and 30000 for grinding and polishing. The present invention uses diamond polishing paste for grinding and polishing, which can improve the uneven surface of the solidified hexafluoride. The present invention uses diamond polishing paste with gradually increasing mesh numbers from small to large to finely grind and polish the surface of the gemstone butt joint area and the solidified hexafluoride adhesive on the surface of the repaired part. By improving the flatness of the adhesive surface sandwiched between the cracks, the transparency of the adhesive itself is increased, and the connection trace with the gemstone body is further reduced, making the repaired gemstone natural, with a smoother and brighter surface.

[0058] In the present invention, after the grinding and polishing, it preferably further includes cleaning the surface of the gemstone. Specifically, it is preferably to use alcohol, distilled water, and cotton swabs to clean the residual diamond polishing paste on the surface of the gemstone, and use a scalpel in cooperation with alcohol cotton swabs to remove the excess residual glue marks on the surface of the gemstone. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, if the jewelry has a perforation, the jewelry string is restrung in the original manner.

[0059] In the present invention, the gemstone preferably includes beryl or quartz crystal.

[0060] Next, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments in the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0061] Example 1

[0062] As Figure 1 shown, the main disease types of this beryl and quartz crystal cultural relics collected by Hepu County Museum include: damage, incompleteness, and stains.

[0063] (1) Incompleteness and damage: The damage disease of this beryl and quartz crystal string is concentrated in one of the beryls being broken into six pieces ( Figure 1 ), one piece is the main body, and the other five pieces are the broken fragments. Use a super-depth-of-field microscope to observe the basic conditions of the fragments, Figure 2 is fragment 1 (20X), Figure 3 is fragment 2 (30X), Figure 4It is fragment 3 (30X). Figure 5 It is fragment 4 (50X). Figure 6 It is fragment 5 (50X). Figure 7 It is fragment 6 (50X). Even after piecing together all the damaged fragments, there are still incomplete conditions. Figure 8 ) The incompleteness and damage affect the integrity of the beryl, and further greatly affect the appearance of the whole cultural relic. In addition, each damaged fragment reduces the overall stability of this beryl. In the long run, it will expand the damage to this beryl and is not conducive to long-term preservation.

[0064] (2) Stains: The stain situation of this crystal and beryl string ornament is relatively light, and there is a small amount on the surface and the internal threading holes (see Figure 1 ). To a certain extent, this kind of stain affects the transparency and gloss of the utensil. During the cleaning process, the stain should be appropriately cleaned without damaging the utensil to improve the beauty of the string ornament. The disease analysis and disease diagrams are as Figures 9 - 10 , and the disease diagrams are drawn with reference to the national standard WW / T0002-2007.

[0065] Before bonding and repairing, first clean each fragment of the beryl. Use alcohol in combination with cotton swabs and toothpicks to remove the dust, dirt and stains on the surface of each beryl fragment, especially carefully clean the docking surfaces between each beryl fragment. Then, after completely docking two beryl fragments that can be docked, fix them firmly with paper tape. Use a bamboo stick or iron stick that can pass through the internal holes of the beryl to spray a release agent on its surface in advance and pass through the beads to prevent the internal holes from being blocked after the bonding repair agent solidifies. Dip a toothpick in Hexata bonding agent and apply it to the gap of the docking fragments, leaving 1 / 3 of the gap for sufficient air discharge during the negative pressure process. Put the beryl into a vacuum chamber, seal it and pump out the air until the air pressure in the chamber reaches -0.095 MPa and lasts for 8 minutes. The bonding agent on the surface enters the docking surface in the form of penetration and inhalation. Then, open the air inlet valve of the vacuum chamber to allow external air to enter the vacuum chamber. When the air pressure in the chamber is the same as the external atmospheric pressure, open the vacuum chamber and take out the test sample, and leave the test sample standing outside until it is completely cured. After that, remove the paper tape on the surface of the sample, and use a scalpel in combination with an alcohol cotton swab to initially remove the residual bonding agent on the surface of the sample, and then let it stand for a while. Bond the 6 beryl fragments one by one according to this method, as Figure 11 shown.

[0066] After the bonding is completed, it can be seen that the incomplete part of the beryl is concentrated on one side, and the incomplete part is as Figure 8As shown in the identification diagram of the cultural relic damage, it can be found that there is a large sunken defect. After cleaning the glue marks on the bonding surface, the prepared Hexata adhesive is used and left standing for 8 hours to increase the viscosity of the Hexata adhesive for easy shaping. After fully spraying the release agent on the surface of the iron rod and passing it through the inner hole of the beryl bead, the Hexata adhesive standing for 8 hours is filled into the sunken defect. Since the bonding effect of the Hexata adhesive is too strong, after initial solidification, the iron rod is promptly removed and the release agent is replenished to prevent the Hexata adhesive from sticking the iron rod to the hole. After it is completely solidified, according to the shape of the beryl body, secondary filling is carried out to achieve a more natural effect, as Figure 12 shown.

[0067] After the repair steps are completed and the Hexata adhesive is completely solidified, a scalpel is used, in combination with alcohol and cotton swabs, to initially clean the residual glue marks on the surface of the beryl. After the Hexata adhesive solidifies, it can be observed through a microscope that its surface appears uneven after being magnified by the microscope, resulting in a certain "foggy" feeling in the overall appearance. Due to the difference in smoothness between its surface and that of the gemstone body, there is a certain sense of disharmony at the joint part( Figure 21 ). Diamond grinding pastes with mesh numbers of 2000, 5000, 10000, and 30000, with the mesh numbers increasing from small to large in sequence, are used to carefully polish and buff the surface of the beryl joint fissure and the solidified Hexata adhesive on the surface of the repaired part( Figure 13 ), so as to further reduce the connection trace between the Hexata adhesive in the fissure part and the beryl body, make the transition between the Hexata adhesive in the repaired part and the beryl body more natural, and the surface smoother and more polished, as Figure 22 shown.

[0068] Finally, alcohol, distilled water, and cotton swabs are used to clean the residual diamond grinding paste on the surface of the beryl cultural relic. A scalpel is used in combination with alcohol cotton swabs to check again and remove the excess glue mark residues on the surface of the beryl, and the string ornaments are restrung in the original way, as Figure 14 shown.

[0069] Test Example

[0070] Taking glass with a refractive index of over 1.5, high transparency, close to most transparent gemstones, and a chemical property belonging to silicate substances like most gemstones as the test object. Using Figure 15The vacuum pump and vacuum box shown in the figure use negative pressure method, respectively, and use adhesives with high transparency in cultural relic restoration and other fields to carry out fracture docking repair test, use physical method to destroy the test object (glass piece), select sample fragments that can be docked and have high fit, and use various adhesives to repair sample fragments according to the gem cultural relic restoration method described in Example 1. The adhesives are tested from the aspects of whether the adhesive is easy to use, the permeability of the adhesive, whether there are bubbles after the adhesive is bonded, whether the adhesive can meet the basic bonding strength requirements after the adhesive is bonded, and the transparency of the adhesive itself. The tested adhesives are: 502 glue, glass glue, silicone glue, epoxy resin, B-72, ergo5910 (jewelry glue), ergo5920 (jewelry glue), UV shadowless glue, Hextal adhesive (HxtalNYL-1).

[0071] In the test of adhesive repair agents, it was found that traditional common adhesives such as 502 glue, glass glue and silicone glue were unsatisfactory in terms of colloid penetration ability and bonding strength ( Figure 16 ); B-72, epoxy resin, ergo5910 and ergo5920 can achieve partial or relatively complete penetration, but after solidification, it can be found that there are a lot of bubbles in the cracks of the joint surface, which cannot be discharged smoothly during the negative pressure process ( Figure 17 ); UV shadowless glue and Hxtal NYL-1 have excellent performance in penetration ability, docking strength and transparency. After careful observation under a microscope, it was found that the penetration effect of Hxtal NYL-1 is better than that of UV shadowless glue, achieving a nearly traceless effect ( Figures 18 - 19 ). Therefore, the present invention adopts Hexsta adhesive as the repair adhesive, which is more conducive to improving the repair effect.

[0072] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for repairing high-transparency gemstone cultural relics, comprising the following steps: (1) Clean the butt joint of gemstone fragments; (2) After the gemstone fragments are completely docked, fix the docking area; (3) Apply Hexsta adhesive to the gap in the joint area and leave a gap of 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 to obtain the first splicing piece; (4) placing the first splicing piece in a vacuum box and evacuating the vacuum box, wherein the pressure in the vacuum box is -0.090 to -0.098 MPa, for 5 to 10 minutes, to obtain a second splicing piece; (5) Using diamond paste to polish the surface of the docking area of ​​the second splicing piece to complete the repair of the gemstone.

2. The repair method according to claim 1, wherein The fixed docking area in step (2) is fixed with paper tape.

3. The repair method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, When there is a cavity inside the gemstone fragment, a bamboo stick or an iron stick is used to pass through the cavity in advance and then fix it when fixing the butt joint area.

4. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the vacuuming in step (4), the method further includes: placing the obtained sample outside the vacuum box to solidify and obtain a second spliced ​​piece.

5. The repair method according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, After the second splicing piece is obtained, a completion process is also included.

6. The repair method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The completion process includes: filling the missing part of the gemstone with Hexsta adhesive and curing it.

7. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grinding and polishing in step (5) includes: grinding and polishing using diamond abrasive pastes with mesh sizes of 2000, 5000, 10000 and 30000 in sequence.

8. The repair method according to claim 1, wherein After the polishing in step (5), the surface of the gemstone is cleaned.

9. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that The gemstones include beryl or crystal.

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