A system and method for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products.

Abstract

This invention discloses a system and method for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products. The system includes a biomass gasification system, a biochar activation system, and a ceramsite firing system connected in sequence. The high-temperature combustible gas generated by the biomass gasification system provides the reaction conditions for the biochar activation system and serves as fuel to heat the ceramsite firing system. The biochar produced by the biomass gasification system is activated into activated carbon by the biochar activation system and used for tail gas treatment of the ceramsite firing system. The deactivated activated carbon after tail gas treatment is recycled back to the ceramsite firing system as raw material for ceramsite preparation. The entire system is energy-saving and pollution-free, with high energy conversion and utilization rate, abundant products, and efficient resource utilization of solid waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste resource utilization technology, and in particular to a system and method for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products. Background Technology

[0002] Expanded clay aggregate (ECA) is a new type of building material that has gradually emerged in recent years, possessing superior properties such as lightweight, relatively high strength, thermal insulation, sound insulation and absorption, and environmental friendliness. Utilizing solid waste such as sewage sludge and abandoned soil to produce ECA represents an important technological direction for the sustainable development of the building materials and environmental protection industries. The main cost of ECA production is fuel consumption, and currently, most ECA industries use biomass briquettes as the heat source for roasting. However, direct combustion of biomass increases the complexity and cost of dust removal and exhaust gas purification, and the energy utilization rate of direct combustion is low. Therefore, there is an urgent need for economical and environmentally friendly new biomass fuel heating methods.

[0003] In 2022, my country's annual production of major biomass resources was approximately 3.494 billion tons, with a development potential of 460 million tons of standard coal equivalent for energy utilization. Compared to direct combustion, biomass fuel gasification combustion has advantages such as high energy efficiency, low gasification temperature, and low pollutant generation. The combustible gas generated from biomass gasification can be used as a heat source for ceramsite sintering. The SO2 and NO2 emissions from biomass gasification are also relatively low. X The amount produced is also smaller than that from direct combustion. Furthermore, in addition to having a wide and sustainable source, biomass fuel also possesses the characteristics necessary for producing activated carbon.

[0004] Therefore, pyrolyzing biomass into combustible gas to promote biochar activation, and then passing the combustible gas into a rotary kiln to sinter solid waste into ceramsite, has unique environmental, economic and social benefits. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a system that uses biomass gasification gas as a heat source to process solid waste into ceramsite products while simultaneously producing activated carbon.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products is characterized by comprising a biomass gasification system, a biochar activation system, and a ceramsite firing system connected in sequence. The high-temperature combustible gas heat energy generated by the biomass gasification system provides reaction conditions for the biochar activation system and serves as fuel to heat the ceramsite firing system. The biochar generated by the biomass gasification system is activated into activated carbon by the biochar activation system and used for tail gas treatment of the ceramsite firing system. The deactivated activated carbon after tail gas treatment is recycled back to the ceramsite firing system as raw material for ceramsite preparation.

[0008] Furthermore, the biomass gasification system includes a gasifier and a first induced draft fan; the biochar activation system includes a biochar activation reactor and a gas jacket heater; the ceramsite firing system includes a batching and granulation system, a second induced draft fan, a gasification gas burner, and a rotary kiln. The first induced draft fan is connected to the gasifier. The gasifier is equipped with a gasifier combustible gas outlet, a gasifier tar outlet, and a gasifier biochar outlet. The biochar activation reactor is equipped with a reactor biochar inlet and an activated carbon outlet. The gas jacket heater is equipped with a gas inlet and a gas outlet. The gasifier biochar outlet is connected to the reactor biochar inlet, and the gasifier combustible gas outlet is connected to the gas inlet. The gasification gas burner is installed on the rotary kiln, and the gas outlet and the second induced draft fan are connected to the gasification gas burner. The batching and granulation system is connected to the rotary kiln.

[0009] Furthermore, the biomass gasification system also includes a high-temperature dust collector, which is located between the gasifier and the gas jacket heater. The combustible gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature dust collector, and the gas inlet is connected to the outlet of the high-temperature dust collector. The high-temperature dust collector is also connected to the batching and granulation system.

[0010] Furthermore, the high-temperature dust collector is made of ceramic or stainless steel and has a temperature resistance greater than 650℃.

[0011] Furthermore, the biochar activation reactor is provided with a steam inlet and a nitrogen inlet, which are respectively connected to a steam generator and a nitrogen generator.

[0012] Furthermore, it also includes a tail gas treatment system, wherein the activated carbon outlet, the tail gas emission port on the rotary kiln, and the batching and granulation system are all connected to the tail gas treatment system.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes a ceramsite screening and storage system, which is connected to the ceramsite finished product outlet of the rotary kiln.

[0014] A method for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products, characterized in that it utilizes the system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products as described in any one of the above claims, and the steps include:

[0015] Step 1: Biomass is pyrolyzed and gasified in a gasifier to produce tar, biochar and combustible gas. The tar is recovered, the biochar is fed into the biochar activation system, and the combustible gas is fed into the biochar activation system to provide reaction conditions for the biochar activation system.

[0016] Step 2: The high-temperature combustible gas in Step 1 provides heat to the biochar activation system, and then it is input into the ceramsite firing system. Water vapor and nitrogen are input into the biochar activation system to activate the biochar input into the biochar activation system to become activated carbon. Part of the activated carbon is sent to the tail gas treatment system for the tail gas treatment of the ceramsite firing system.

[0017] Step 3: Solid waste such as sewage sludge, waste soil, and fly ash from garbage, along with other solid wastes collected from the system, are fed into the ceramsite firing system to form a uniform spherical clay mixture. After aging, the mixture is sintered at 1000℃-1100℃ for 1-2 hours using combustible gas supplied from the biochar activation system as fuel to obtain shaped ceramsite.

[0018] Step 4: The shaped ceramsite is stored after being screened;

[0019] Step 5: The high-temperature flue gas generated by the ceramsite firing system in Step 3 is fed into the exhaust gas treatment system and treated by filtration, activated carbon adsorption, etc., and then the exhaust gas meets the emission standards. The fly ash and deactivated activated carbon captured by the biomass gasification system and the ceramsite firing system are recycled back into the ceramsite firing system.

[0020] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. This invention uses biomass gasification gas as the heat source for calcining ceramsite, replacing the traditional heat source supply of coal, natural gas, and direct combustion of biomass briquettes, which has significant advantages such as high energy utilization, low pollution, and low cost; 2. This invention innovatively uses high-temperature combustible gas heat exchange to deeply activate biochar, a product of biomass gasification. The resulting activated carbon can not only be sold commercially but also applied to rotary kiln tail gas treatment. The deactivated activated carbon after use can also be used as raw material for ceramsite, greatly improving the utilization rate of gas and solid products from biomass gasification; 3. This invention can co-process various solid wastes, including biomass, sewage sludge, waste soil, and fly ash from garbage, and the products are diverse, simultaneously producing tar, activated carbon, and ceramsite, resulting in high economic benefits; 4. Rotary kiln ash and tail gas treatment ash can be reused in production as auxiliary materials, which reduces solid waste emissions from the factory, saves costs, and facilitates the sealing of heavy metals, reducing secondary pollution. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] The components are as follows: 1-Gasifier; 2-First induced draft fan; 3-High temperature dust collector; 4-Biochar activation reactor; 5-Gas jacket heater; 6-Steam generator; 7-Nitrogen generator; 8-Batching and granulation system; 9-Second induced draft fan; 10-Gasification gas burner; 11-Rotary kiln; 12-Tail gas treatment system; 13-Ceramic granule screening and storage system; 14-Tar; 15-Activated carbon; 16-Compliant tail gas; 101-Gasifier combustible gas outlet; 102-Gasifier tar outlet; 103-Gasifier biochar outlet; 111-Tail gas emission port; 112-Kiln ash outlet; 113-Ceramic granule finished product outlet; 301-High temperature dust collector inlet; 302-High temperature dust collector outlet; 401-Reactor biochar inlet; 402-Steam inlet; 403-Nitrogen inlet; 404-Activated carbon outlet; 501-Gas inlet; 502-Gas outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To enhance understanding of the present invention, we will now describe it in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 1 A specific embodiment of a system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products is shown, comprising a biomass gasification system, a biochar activation system, and a ceramsite firing system. The high-temperature combustible gas generated by the biomass gasification system provides the reaction conditions for the biochar activation system and serves as fuel to heat the ceramsite firing system. The biochar produced by the biomass gasification system is activated into activated carbon by the biochar activation system and used for tail gas treatment of the ceramsite firing system. The deactivated activated carbon after tail gas treatment is recycled back to the ceramsite firing system as raw material for ceramsite preparation.

[0025] Preferably, the biomass gasification system includes a gasifier 1, a first induced draft fan 2, and a high-temperature dust collector 3. The high-temperature dust collector 3 is made of ceramic or stainless steel and has a temperature resistance greater than 650 ℃. The biochar activation system includes a biochar activation reactor 4, a gas jacket heater 5, a steam generator 6, and a nitrogen generator 7. The ceramsite firing system includes a batching and granulation system 8, a second induced draft fan 9, a gasification gas burner 10, and a rotary kiln 11. The gasification gas burner 10 is mounted on the rotary kiln 11. The first induced draft fan 2 is connected to the gasifier 1. The gasifier 1 is equipped with a gasifier combustible gas outlet 101, a gasifier tar outlet 102, and a gasifier biochar outlet 103. The biochar activation reactor 4 is equipped with a reactor biochar inlet 401, a steam inlet 402, a nitrogen inlet 403, and an activated carbon outlet 404. The gas jacket heater 5 is equipped with a gas inlet 501 and a gas outlet 502. The high-temperature dust collector 3 is equipped with a high-temperature dust collector inlet 301 and a high-temperature dust collector outlet 302. The rotary kiln 11 is equipped with a tail gas outlet 111, a kiln ash outlet 112, and a ceramsite finished product outlet 113.

[0026] Steam generator 6 is connected to steam inlet 402, nitrogen generator 7 is connected to nitrogen inlet 403, biochar outlet 103 of gasifier is connected to biochar inlet 401 of reactor, combustible gas outlet 101 of gasifier is connected to inlet 301 of high-temperature dust collector, gas inlet 501 is connected to outlet 302 of high-temperature dust collector, and gas outlet 502 is connected to input end of gasification gas burner 10. Activated carbon outlet 404 and tail gas emission outlet 111 are both connected to input end of tail gas treatment system 12, and output end of tail gas treatment system 12 and high-temperature dust collector 3 are both connected to input end of batching and granulation system 8. Input end of gasification gas burner 10 is connected to gas outlet 502 and second induced draft fan 9. Ceramsite screening and storage system 13 is connected to finished ceramsite outlet 113.

[0027] The specific working process and principle of the above embodiments are as follows:

[0028] First, the collected biomass raw materials are crushed and then pyrolyzed and gasified in gasifier 1 to obtain high-quality combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons, tar 14, and biochar. The high-temperature combustible gas flows through gasifier combustible gas outlet 101 to high-temperature dust collector 3. The clean combustible gas after dust removal is introduced into gas jacket heater 5 to utilize residual heat to heat biochar activation reactor 4, and then introduced into rotary kiln 11 as fuel to provide heat. The biochar produced in gasifier 1 is drawn from gasifier biochar outlet 103 and activated in biochar activation reactor 4 to produce activated carbon 15. A portion of the activated carbon 15 is introduced as raw material into tail gas treatment system 12 to treat tail gas, and the remaining activated carbon 15 is sold as a product. The tar 14 produced in gasifier 1 is drawn out and recovered from gasifier tar outlet 102. Solid waste such as sewage sludge, waste soil, and fly ash from garbage are used as the main raw materials. These are mixed with fly ash collected from the high-temperature dust collector 3, kiln ash collected from the rotary kiln 11, fly ash collected from the exhaust gas treatment system 12, and deactivated activated carbon in a certain proportion. After forming a uniform spherical clay mixture in the batching and granulation system 8, the mixture is introduced into the rotary kiln 11 and sintered at a high temperature of 1000-1100 °C for 1-2 hours to produce ceramsite. The finished ceramsite is then discharged from the ceramsite finished product outlet 113 into the ceramsite screening and storage system 13 for screening and storage.

[0029] Meanwhile, the high-temperature flue gas from the rotary kiln exhaust port 111 is treated by the exhaust gas treatment system 12 for dust removal and activated carbon adsorption, and then becomes qualified exhaust gas 16 and is discharged into the atmosphere. The fly ash collected by the high-temperature dust collector 3, the kiln ash collected by the rotary kiln 11, the fly ash collected by the exhaust gas treatment system 12, and the deactivated activated carbon are recycled into the batching and granulation system 8.

[0030] The above specific embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and structural features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to implement them. However, the above content does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products, characterized in that: It includes a biomass gasification system, a biochar activation system, and a ceramsite firing system connected in sequence. The high-temperature combustible gas generated by the biomass gasification system provides reaction conditions for the biochar activation system, and the combustible gas is used as fuel to heat the ceramsite firing system. The biochar produced by the biomass gasification system is activated into activated carbon by the biochar activation system and used for the tail gas treatment of the ceramsite firing system. The deactivated activated carbon after tail gas treatment is recycled back to the ceramsite firing system as raw material for ceramsite preparation. The biomass gasification system includes a gasifier (1) and a first induced draft fan (2). The biochar activation system includes a biochar activation reactor (4) and a gas jacket heater (5). The gas jacket heater (5) is used to heat the biochar activation reactor (4). The ceramsite firing system includes a batching and granulation system (8), a second induced draft fan (9), a gasification gas burner (10), and a rotary kiln (11). The first induced draft fan (2) is connected to the gasifier (1). The gasifier (1) is equipped with a gasifier combustible gas outlet (101), a gasifier tar outlet (102), and a gasifier biomass outlet. The biochar outlet (103) is provided on the biochar activation reactor (4), which is provided with a reactor biochar inlet (401) and an activated carbon outlet (404). The gas jacket heater (5) is provided with a gas inlet (501) and a gas outlet (502). The gasifier biochar outlet (103) is connected to the reactor biochar inlet (401). The gasification gas burner (10) is provided on the rotary kiln (11). The gas outlet (502) and the second induced draft fan (9) are connected to the gasification gas burner (10). The batching and granulation system (8) is connected to the rotary kiln (11). The biomass gasification system also includes a high-temperature dust collector (3), which is located between the gasifier (1) and the gas jacket heater (5). The combustible gas outlet (101) of the gasifier is connected to the inlet (301) of the high-temperature dust collector, and the gas inlet (501) is connected to the outlet (302) of the high-temperature dust collector. The high-temperature dust collector (3) is also connected to the batching and granulation system (8). The biochar activation reactor (4) is provided with a steam inlet (402) and a nitrogen inlet (403), which are respectively connected to a steam generator (6) and a nitrogen generator (7). It also includes a tail gas treatment system (12), wherein the activated carbon outlet (404), the tail gas discharge port (111) on the rotary kiln (11), and the batching and granulation system (8) are all connected to the tail gas treatment system (12).

2. The system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-temperature dust collector (3) is made of ceramic or stainless steel and has a temperature resistance greater than 650℃.

3. The system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a ceramsite screening and storage system (13), which is connected to the ceramsite finished product outlet (113) of the rotary kiln (11).

4. A method for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products, characterized in that, The system for preparing ceramsite and activated carbon using biomass gasification products according to any one of claims 1-3 comprises the following steps: Step 1: Biomass is pyrolyzed and gasified in a gasifier to produce tar, biochar and combustible gas. The tar is recovered, the biochar is fed into the biochar activation system, and the high-temperature combustible gas is fed into the biochar activation system to provide heat for the biochar activation system. Step 2: Water vapor and nitrogen are introduced into the biochar activation system to activate the biochar. Some of the activated carbon is sent to the tail gas treatment system for tail gas treatment of the ceramsite firing system. Step 3: Sewage sludge, waste soil, fly ash from garbage, and other solid wastes collected from the system are fed into the ceramsite firing system to form a uniform spherical clay mixture. After aging, the mixture is sintered at 1000℃-1100℃ for 1-2 hours using combustible gas supplied from the biochar activation system as fuel to obtain shaped ceramsite. Step 4: The shaped ceramsite is stored after being screened; Step 5: The high-temperature flue gas generated by the ceramsite firing system in Step 3 is fed into the exhaust gas treatment system. After filtration and activated carbon adsorption treatment, the exhaust gas meets the emission standards. The fly ash and deactivated activated carbon collected in the biomass gasification system and the ceramsite firing system are recycled back into the ceramsite firing system.

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