Data center combined cooling heating and power supply system based on mixed hydrogen energy and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses a data center combined cooling heating and power supply system based on mixed hydrogen energy and a control method thereof, and the system comprises a hydrogen source supply and storage module which is used for inputting hydrogen for power generation, a power generation and energy supply module which is used for converting the hydrogen into electric energy, and a DC micro-grid module which is used for providing the electric energy for a data center. The heat management and application module is used for recycling and applying heat generated during power generation, and the control and protection module is used for controlling the modules. According to the invention, hydrogen energy efficient power generation, waste heat cascade recovery and intelligent scheduling are realized through modular cooperation, the problems of high carbon emission, response delay and energy waste in the prior art are solved, and the system has the advantages of significantly reducing carbon emission, optimizing electric energy use efficiency, improving power supply continuity and energy utilization rate, and simultaneously realizing combined supply of cooling, heating and power.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of data center energy supply, in particular to a data center combined cooling, heat and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the data center infrastructure highly depends on public grid power supply, and diesel generators are generally used as backup power supply. This mode leads to significant carbon emission problems, and the optimization of power usage effectiveness (PUE) faces severe challenges, and it is usually difficult to break through the bottleneck range of 1.3 to 1.5 in actual operation. The traditional "UPS + diesel generator" backup scheme has obvious response delay and energy conversion efficiency loss in the power supply switching process, which not only affects the continuity of data center power supply, but also aggravates energy waste.

[0003] Although hydrogen energy as a clean and sustainable energy carrier has been gradually introduced into the field of data centers, its application is still limited to the role of backup power supply, and the potential of hydrogen energy as a main power supply has not been fully realized. Although hydrogen fuel cell technology has the advantages of high energy conversion efficiency and near-zero carbon emission, due to the inherent characteristics of its electrochemical reaction mechanism, the dynamic response speed is slow, and in the case of sharp load fluctuations or high load operation of data centers, technical defects such as unstable output voltage, system efficiency decline and shortening of equipment life are prone to occur.

[0004] In contrast, hydrogen internal combustion engines burn more fully under high temperature and high load conditions, and the thermal efficiency increases with increasing load, and they have the ability to adjust power rapidly in seconds, but existing technologies have not effectively integrated the complementary characteristics of hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen internal combustion engines, and there is a lack of a system architecture that can establish hydrogen energy as the main power supply. In addition, a large amount of waste heat generated during the operation of data centers is not fully recovered and utilized, resulting in low energy utilization and difficulty in achieving efficient coordination of combined cooling, heating and power supply.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an innovative system solution that can integrate multiple hydrogen energy power generation technologies, optimize power supply stability, and achieve waste heat cascade utilization to address the shortcomings of existing technologies in response performance, energy efficiency and system reliability. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a data center combined cooling, heat and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy, which has the advantages of significantly reducing carbon emissions, optimizing power usage effectiveness, improving power supply continuity and energy utilization, and realizing combined cooling, heating and power supply.

[0007] The above technical purpose of the present application is achieved by the following technical scheme:

[0008] A data center combined cooling, heat and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy, comprising:

[0009] a hydrogen source supply and storage module for delivering hydrogen for power generation to the power generation and energy supply module;

[0010] a power generation and energy supply module for converting hydrogen into electric energy and delivering the electric energy to the DC micro-grid module;

[0011] a DC micro-grid module for providing electric energy to the data center;

[0012] a thermal management and application module for recycling and applying the heat generated when the power generation and energy supply module converts hydrogen into electric energy;

[0013] a control and protection module for controlling the hydrogen source supply and storage module, the power generation and energy supply module, the DC micro-grid module, and the thermal management and application module.

[0014] Further, the hydrogen source supply and storage module includes a solid-state hydrogen storage device;

[0015] The solid-state hydrogen storage device is configured to receive and store hydrogen from at least one hydrogen source, including:

[0016] hydrogen produced internally by electrolysis of water and green hydrogen delivered externally through a pipeline;

[0017] The solid-state hydrogen storage device is further configured to release the stored hydrogen and supply it to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the power generation and energy supply module for power generation, respectively.

[0018] Further, the power generation and energy supply module includes

[0019] a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system configured to bear the basic load of the data center;

[0020] a hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system configured to adjust power peak fluctuations or provide backup power when the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system fails;

[0021] a lithium battery energy storage system configured to provide millisecond-level dynamic response to meet the instantaneous power support needs of the data center.

[0022] Further, the DC micro-grid module includes:

[0023] a DC bus with a double-bus architecture or a ring-bus architecture, which is configured to:

[0024] directly provide DC electric energy to the data center to match the DC input needs of the server cabinet;

[0025] integrate two independent mains access, which serves as a cold backup power supply and is controlled by a static switch.

[0026] The direct current micro-grid module further comprises:

[0027] A power interface unit connected with the power generation and energy supply module;

[0028] A direct current circuit breaker for isolating circuit abnormalities and preventing reverse power transmission;

[0029] And when the power generation and energy supply module fails, the power supply of the electrical load of the data center is sequentially connected by the first and second mains through the static switch.

[0030] Further, the power interface unit comprises:

[0031] A DC / DC converter configured to convert the unstable direct current output by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system into stable direct current;

[0032] An active front-end rectifier configured to convert the alternating current output by the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system into stable direct current;

[0033] A bidirectional DC / DC converter configured to achieve bidirectional conversion of battery voltage and direct current micro-grid module voltage when the lithium battery energy storage system is charging / discharging.

[0034] Further, the thermal management and application module is configured to recover the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system during power generation, which comprises:

[0035] A first heat exchanger for directly recovering waste heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to produce hot water;

[0036] A flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner driven by the waste heat of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system and providing cooling water for the data center;

[0037] A second heat exchanger for recovering waste heat generated by the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner during operation;

[0038] A third heat exchanger for directly recovering waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system;

[0039] A hot water storage tank for receiving thermal energy recovered by the second and third heat exchangers and configured to supply the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device.

[0040] Further, the control and protection module comprises an energy management system EMS configured with a multi-objective optimization algorithm to collaboratively optimize and dispatch electrical, thermal and hydrogen energy based on outdoor temperature and humidity, electrical load of the data center, real-time electricity price and hydrogen demand parameters.

[0041] Further, the energy management system EMS is configured to:

[0042] Real-time monitoring of DC bus voltage status;

[0043] When an increase in electrical load causes a drop in voltage, a graded response mechanism is activated:

[0044] The command lithium battery energy storage system discharges to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC / DC converter within milliseconds to compensate for power deficiency.

[0045] Assess the persistence of electrical load fluctuations:

[0046] If the fluctuation is short-term, the response will be terminated once the voltage recovers.

[0047] If the load continues to rise and the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery energy storage system drops to the lower threshold, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system will be started and its power output will be gradually increased. At the same time, the discharge power of the lithium battery energy storage system will be smoothly reduced to achieve the transition from energy storage dominance to hydrogen internal combustion engine replacement.

[0048] When a decrease in electrical load causes a rise in voltage, a reverse graded response mechanism is activated:

[0049] The command lithium battery energy storage system absorbs excess power to charge and stabilize the voltage.

[0050] The state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery energy storage system is continuously monitored, and when it rises to the upper limit threshold, the power output of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is reduced.

[0051] During the power reduction process, the charging power of the lithium battery energy storage system is gradually reduced.

[0052] Furthermore, the Energy Management System (EMS) is configured to execute the following heat distribution and control logic:

[0053] In response to changes in electricity load:

[0054] When the electrical load increases or fluctuates, the power generation and supply modules are controlled to increase their power generation efficiency, and the waste heat generated increases accordingly; when the electrical load decreases, the power generation and supply modules are controlled to decrease their power generation efficiency, and the waste heat generated decreases accordingly.

[0055] Heat source classification and path allocation:

[0056] The high-temperature waste heat from the flue gas and cylinder liner water generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is used as the first type of heat source.

[0057] The waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the condensation heat generated by the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner are used as the second type of heat source and recovered to the hot water storage tank through the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger.

[0058] Thermal energy dispatch based on operating mode:

[0059] Cooling mode: The first type of heat source is delivered to the hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner for data center cooling; and it is determined whether the cooling capacity is sufficient. If it is insufficient, the electric cooling unit of the data center is started.

[0060] Natural cooling mode: The first type of heat source produces hot water through the first heat exchanger and is then recycled to the hot water storage tank;

[0061] And further determine whether there is a need for office heating;

[0062] If there is a heating need, the hot water in the hot water storage tank will be used for the office heating system;

[0063] If there is no heating requirement, the hot water in the hot water storage tank will be used for the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage device.

[0064] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0065] By achieving efficient hydrogen power generation, cascaded waste heat recovery, and intelligent scheduling through modular collaboration, this technology solves the problems of high carbon emissions, response delays, and energy waste in existing technologies. It has the advantages of significantly reducing carbon emissions, optimizing power use efficiency, improving power supply continuity and energy utilization, and achieving integrated supply of cooling, heating, and electricity. Attached Figure Description

[0066] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of the data center combined cooling, heating and power system described in this invention.

[0067] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the energy management system (EMS) for controlling stable electrical energy as described in this invention.

[0068] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the heat energy distribution and control logic described in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0069] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.

[0070] Existing data centers heavily rely on mains power and backup diesel generators, resulting in high carbon emissions, bottlenecks in PUE optimization, and traditional backup solutions suffer from response delays and efficiency losses. Furthermore, current hydrogen energy applications are largely limited to backup power; single hydrogen fuel cells exhibit slow dynamic response during rapid load changes, leading to output voltage fluctuations, efficiency degradation, and shortened lifespan.

[0071] To address this issue, this application proposes a hybrid hydrogen energy-based combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system for data centers. This system provides clean hydrogen energy through a hydrogen supply and storage module, which is then converted into electricity by a power generation and supply module and transmitted to a DC microgrid module to directly power the data center. Simultaneously, a thermal management and application module recovers heat generated during power generation, achieving cascaded energy utilization. The entire system is coordinated and controlled by a control and protection module, effectively solving problems such as carbon emissions, power usage effectiveness (PUE), response latency, and efficiency losses faced by traditional data centers, while optimizing the dynamic response performance of the energy system.

[0072] For ease of understanding, the following explains some key terms in this embodiment:

[0073] See Figure 1 A combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system for data centers is an integrated energy supply system designed to provide power, cooling, and heating services to data centers. This system improves overall efficiency and reduces reliance on traditional energy sources by optimizing energy utilization.

[0074] The hydrogen supply and storage module is responsible for receiving, storing, and supplying hydrogen to the power generation unit as needed. Its function is to ensure a stable supply of hydrogen energy, which is the foundation of the system's clean energy attributes.

[0075] The power generation and supply module is responsible for the core task of converting the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. The electricity generated by this module is the main power source for the data center, and the heat generated during its operation can be recovered and reused.

[0076] As a power distribution network within a data center, the DC microgrid module's main function is to receive electrical energy from the power generation and supply modules and directly supply it to the electrical equipment within the data center in DC form, thereby reducing energy conversion losses.

[0077] The thermal management and application module focuses on recovering waste heat generated during power generation and applying it to other parts of the system, such as cooling or heating. This module is designed to improve overall energy efficiency.

[0078] The control and protection module is responsible for monitoring, coordinating, and optimizing the operation of the entire combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system. Its function is to ensure the coordinated operation of all system modules, maintain stable system operation, and provide necessary safety protection functions.

[0079] As a preferred embodiment, the data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy of this application includes the following modules:

[0080] The hydrogen supply and storage module can utilize various methods to store and supply hydrogen. For example, hydrogen can be stored using high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage tanks, liquid hydrogen storage tanks, or chemical hydrogen storage materials. The hydrogen source can be externally procured or produced internally within the system through methods such as water electrolysis. This module is configured to deliver the stored hydrogen to the power generation and supply module according to power generation needs.

[0081] The power generation and supply module is configured to convert hydrogen into electrical energy. Specifically, this module can convert hydrogen into electrical energy using various technologies such as fuel cells, hydrogen internal combustion engines, or gas turbines. For example, proton exchange membrane fuel cells or solid oxide fuel cells can be used to react hydrogen with oxygen to generate electricity and water. Alternatively, a hydrogen internal combustion engine can be used to directly burn hydrogen to generate mechanical energy, which then drives a generator to produce electricity. The electrical energy generated by this module is then fed into a DC microgrid module.

[0082] The DC microgrid module is configured to provide power to data centers. This module can be constructed using a DC bus, a power distribution unit, and corresponding protection devices. It is configured to receive power from the generation and supply modules and directly provide a stable DC power supply to DC loads such as servers and storage devices within the data center. Its design aims to reduce AC-DC conversion steps, thereby minimizing energy loss.

[0083] The thermal management and application module is configured to recover and utilize the heat generated by the power generation and supply module during the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion. This module can recover the heat generated during the hydrogen-to-electricity conversion process using equipment such as heat exchangers, heat pumps, or waste heat boilers. For example, a heat exchanger can be used to transfer heat from the high-temperature cooling water or flue gas discharged from the power generation unit to water or other media to form hot water or steam. This recovered heat can be used for cooling and heating in data centers or to provide a heat source for other processes.

[0084] The control and protection module is configured to control the hydrogen source supply and storage module, the power generation and supply module, the DC microgrid module, and the thermal management and application module. This module can consist of a central controller, sensors, actuators, and a corresponding communication network. It is configured to monitor the operating status parameters of each module in real time, such as hydrogen flow rate, voltage, current, and temperature. Based on this monitoring data, the control and protection module can issue commands to adjust the operating modes and outputs of each module to achieve stable system operation, efficiency optimization, and fault protection.

[0085] This application effectively addresses the issues of high carbon emissions, PUE optimization bottlenecks, and response delays and efficiency losses associated with traditional backup solutions in data centers by constructing an integrated combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system that utilizes clean hydrogen energy as the primary energy source. Through the synergistic effect of hydrogen supply, high-efficiency power generation, DC power supply, waste heat recovery, and intelligent control, the data center energy system achieves low-carbon operation, high energy efficiency, and optimized dynamic response performance.

[0086] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a hydrogen source supply and storage module is proposed to supply hydrogen to the power generation and energy supply module. However, in its implementation, the hydrogen source is singular and the storage efficiency is low, resulting in insufficient system reliability and inability to efficiently support the stable operation of the hybrid power generation architecture. Specifically, the hydrogen supply is unstable, unable to adapt to multiple source inputs, and difficult to meet the dynamic needs of different power generation systems.

[0087] In this regard, this application further proposes that the hydrogen source supply and storage module includes a solid-state hydrogen storage device. This solid-state hydrogen storage device is a device that uses solid materials (such as metal hydrides, chemical hydrides, or adsorbent materials) to store hydrogen through physical adsorption or chemical reaction. Compared to traditional high-pressure gaseous or cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage methods, solid-state hydrogen storage has higher volumetric energy density, lower storage pressure, and higher safety. Its implementation can include, but is not limited to: using metal hydride hydrogen storage tanks, utilizing rare earth alloys or magnesium-based alloys to reversibly absorb and release hydrogen at specific temperatures and pressures; or using chemical hydride hydrogen storage systems, utilizing compounds such as sodium borohydride or ammonia borane to store hydrogen through chemical reactions. This device, as the core of hydrogen storage, provides a safe, efficient, and compact hydrogen storage solution for the entire system.

[0088] The solid-state hydrogen storage device is configured to receive and store hydrogen from at least one hydrogen source. The device has multi-source hydrogen access capability, enabling it to obtain and effectively store hydrogen from different supply channels. This is typically achieved by integrating multiple inlet ports, flow control valves, and corresponding pressure and purity monitoring systems. For example, sequential or parallel reception of hydrogen from different sources can be achieved through independent pipeline connections and automatic valve switching; or by integrating a gas purification unit to ensure that the purity of hydrogen from different sources meets the requirements of solid-state hydrogen storage materials, thus avoiding the impact of impurities on hydrogen storage performance and lifespan. This design significantly improves the flexibility of hydrogen supply and the robustness of the system.

[0089] The hydrogen sources include: hydrogen produced internally through water electrolysis and green hydrogen transported externally via pipelines. The diversity of hydrogen sources is one of the key features of this solution. Internally produced hydrogen refers to hydrogen produced by electrolyzing water using equipment such as alkaline electrolyzers, PEM electrolyzers, or solid oxide electrolyzers to decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen. This method achieves localized hydrogen production and energy self-sufficiency. Externally transported green hydrogen refers to clean hydrogen transported from large-scale external green hydrogen production bases via dedicated pipelines. The combination of these two sources ensures the cleanliness, sustainability, and sufficiency of the hydrogen supply, reducing the risk of dependence on a single source.

[0090] The solid-state hydrogen storage device is also configured to release stored hydrogen and supply it to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the power generation and supply module for power generation. The solid-state hydrogen storage device can precisely control the hydrogen desorption (release) process according to the needs of different power generation systems in the power generation and supply module, and deliver it to the corresponding power generation unit. Hydrogen release is typically achieved by heating the solid-state hydrogen storage material (e.g., using waste heat generated by the system or electric heating) to induce hydrogen desorption. The desorbed hydrogen is then delivered to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system respectively through independent pipelines, pressure regulating valves, and flow controllers. This refined distribution mechanism allows the system to supply hydrogen on demand based on the different operating characteristics and real-time needs of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system (typically handling baseload) and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system (typically used for peak shaving or backup), thereby optimizing energy utilization efficiency.

[0091] Through the aforementioned technical solution, this application effectively solves the problems of single hydrogen source and low storage efficiency by introducing a solid-state hydrogen storage device, significantly improving the reliability and flexibility of the data center combined cooling, heating, and power system. The solid-state hydrogen storage device, with its high-density, high-safety, and low-pressure storage characteristics, avoids the inherent risks and energy consumption of traditional hydrogen storage methods, providing a stable and sufficient hydrogen reserve for the system. Simultaneously, the device can receive and integrate multiple hydrogen sources from internal water electrolysis and external pipeline transportation, constructing a diversified hydrogen supply network. This greatly enhances the resilience of the hydrogen supply, reduces dependence on a single energy path, and ensures a continuous and stable hydrogen supply under different operating conditions. Furthermore, the solid-state hydrogen storage device can precisely control the release and distribution of hydrogen according to the specific needs of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the power generation and supply modules, achieving on-demand supply and efficient utilization of hydrogen. This targeted supply mechanism enables the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system to stably bear the basic load of the data center, while the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system can flexibly respond to power peak fluctuations or serve as a backup power source, thereby optimizing the operating efficiency and response speed of the hybrid power generation architecture. Overall, the solution not only ensures the continuity and stability of power supply to data centers, but also further promotes the green and low-carbon operation of data centers through the use of clean hydrogen energy.

[0092] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a power generation and supply module is proposed to convert hydrogen into electrical energy and supply it to a DC microgrid module. However, in this process, a single power supply system cannot efficiently handle the load fluctuations and dynamic response requirements of the data center, resulting in output voltage fluctuations, efficiency reduction and insufficient reliability under conditions of rapid load changes or high load. In particular, the lack of a coordination mechanism in dealing with basic load stability, power peak regulation and instantaneous power support affects the overall performance of the system.

[0093] To address this, this application proposes a power generation and supply module comprising a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, a hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, and a lithium battery energy storage system, which together constitute a hybrid power supply architecture. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is configured to handle the basic load of the data center; the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is configured to regulate peak power fluctuations or provide backup power in case of a failure of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; and the lithium battery energy storage system is configured to provide millisecond-level dynamic response to meet the instantaneous power support requirements of the data center.

[0094] Specifically, the hybrid power supply architecture is an integrated power generation and supply framework that combines multiple different power technologies and optimizes their configuration according to their respective characteristics to meet the diverse power demands of data centers. This architecture can be coordinated and controlled through a central energy management system or through distributed control units to achieve intelligent collaboration among the power sources. The introduction of this architecture aims to overcome the limitations of a single power source in handling complex load changes, thereby improving the flexibility, reliability, and efficiency of the entire power supply system.

[0095] The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is a device that directly converts the chemical energy of hydrogen into electrical energy through an electrochemical reaction. It can employ technologies such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) or solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), selected based on specific system requirements regarding start-up speed, operating temperature, and efficiency. This system is configured to provide a stable and continuous power output to meet the basic load requirements of the data center, i.e., the minimum power consumption of the data center under normal operating conditions.

[0096] The hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is a device that uses hydrogen as fuel to burn in an internal combustion engine and converts mechanical energy into electrical energy through a generator. This system can be a modification of an existing natural gas internal combustion engine or a dedicated internal combustion engine designed for hydrogen fuel. Its key feature is its rapid response, enabling significant adjustments to power output in a short time. Therefore, this system is configured to quickly adjust to peak fluctuations in data center power demand to smooth load changes, and simultaneously provide reliable backup power when the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system fails or requires maintenance.

[0097] The lithium battery energy storage system is a device that uses lithium-ion battery technology to store and release electrical energy. This system typically consists of a lithium-ion battery pack, a battery management system, and a power conversion system. Its core advantage lies in its extremely fast charge and discharge response speed, enabling millisecond-level power throughput. Therefore, this system is configured to provide instantaneous power support to meet the instantaneous high power demands generated by servers and other equipment within data centers during startup, switching, or high-load operations, ensuring the continuity and stability of power supply.

[0098] Through the aforementioned technical solutions, the power generation and supply module proposed in this application effectively solves the problems of load fluctuations, insufficient dynamic response, and poor reliability faced by single power supply systems in data center power supply by constructing a hybrid power supply architecture. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, as the baseload power source, can provide stable and efficient continuous power output, meeting the basic operational needs of the data center, while its low-carbon emission characteristics align with the development trend of green data centers. The hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, with its rapid response capability, accurately responds to power peak fluctuations, avoiding voltage instability or system overload caused by sudden load changes, and quickly takes over power supply when the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system malfunctions, greatly improving the system's redundancy and reliability. More importantly, the lithium battery energy storage system, with its millisecond-level dynamic response speed, can instantly compensate for or absorb power deficits, effectively smoothing instantaneous load impacts and ensuring the stable operation of sensitive equipment in the data center with extremely high power quality requirements, avoiding failures caused by instantaneous power fluctuations. This multi-source collaborative power supply strategy fully leverages the advantages of each power source, achieving stable power supply, flexible adjustment, and rapid response, significantly improving the overall performance, reliability, and power quality of the data center power supply system.

[0099] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a DC microgrid module is proposed to provide power to a data center. However, during its implementation, there is a risk of power outage when the power generation and supply modules fail. A mechanism is needed to ensure seamless switching to backup power to avoid power outages in the data center and improve system reliability.

[0100] To address this, this application further proposes a DC microgrid module, comprising a DC bus, a power interface unit, and a DC circuit breaker. The DC bus adopts a dual-bus or ring bus architecture and is configured to directly supply DC power to the data center to match the DC input requirements of the server racks. Simultaneously, the DC bus integrates two independent mains power connections, which serve as cold backup power supplies and are controlled by a static switching switch. The power interface unit is connected to the power generation and supply module. The DC circuit breaker is used to isolate circuit anomalies and prevent reverse power transmission. Furthermore, when the power generation and supply module fails, the data center's electrical load is supplied sequentially by the first and second mains power connections via the static switching switch.

[0101] Specifically, the DC bus is the core power transmission channel of the DC microgrid module, used to collect and distribute DC power. In a dual-bus architecture, the system has two parallel DC buses; if one bus fails, the other can continue to supply power, thus improving power reliability. For example, switching between the two buses can be achieved through a bus tie switch. In a ring bus architecture, power can flow from both directions to any load point; even if a point in the loop fails, power can still reach the load through another path, further enhancing system redundancy and fault tolerance. For example, the ring bus can be segmented using multiple circuit breakers to achieve fault isolation. This configuration aims to optimize power supply efficiency and compatibility in data centers. By directly supplying DC power to the data center, it reduces the multiple AC / DC conversion steps required by traditional AC power supply, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and matching the DC input requirements of server racks.

[0102] To ensure extremely high reliability of power supply to the data center, the system integrates two independent mains power connections. Independent mains power connections mean that these two power sources come from different substations or different power lines, without affecting each other, thus avoiding single points of failure. They serve as cold backup power supplies, not participating in power supply under normal circumstances, and only activating when the main power supply (i.e., the generation and power supply module) fails. A static transfer switch is a power electronic device that can automatically detect main power supply failures and quickly switch to the backup power supply within milliseconds, achieving seamless or near-seamless power switching and avoiding impact on the data center load. For example, static transfer switches can achieve rapid switching based on power electronic devices such as thyristors or IGBTs.

[0103] The power interface unit acts as a bridge between the DC microgrid module and the generation and supply modules. Its function is to ensure that electrical energy from different power sources can be stably and safely connected to the DC microgrid. This unit is responsible for voltage matching, current control, and necessary power quality regulation to meet the operational requirements of the DC microgrid.

[0104] DC circuit breakers are critical protection devices in DC microgrid modules. When overload, short circuit, or other circuit abnormalities are detected, DC circuit breakers can quickly activate, disconnecting the faulty circuit and protecting other normally operating equipment from impact, preventing the fault from spreading. Simultaneously, DC circuit breakers also prevent reverse power transmission, ensuring that power flows in a preset direction and avoiding safety issues or equipment damage caused by reverse power flow. For example, DC circuit breakers can be mechanical or solid-state circuit breakers; solid-state circuit breakers offer faster response times.

[0105] When the power generation and supply module fails, the data center's electrical load is supplied by a first and a second mains power source via the static transfer switch. This mechanism describes a tiered backup strategy for the system in the event of a mains power failure. When the power generation and supply module (as the main power source) fails, the static transfer switch will first attempt to connect to the first mains power source. If the first mains power source also has problems or cannot supply power normally, the static transfer switch will then attempt to connect to the second mains power source. This sequential connection strategy provides multiple redundancies, ensuring that the data center still has a reliable power supply in extreme situations and minimizing the risk of power outages.

[0106] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the risk of power outage in data centers when power generation and supply modules fail, and significantly improves the power supply reliability of the system. Specifically, the DC bus using a dual-bus or ring bus architecture not only provides a highly reliable power transmission channel, but also ensures continuous power supply to the data center even if some buses fail, thanks to its inherent redundancy characteristics. Directly supplying DC power to the data center matches the DC input requirements of the server racks, avoiding the efficiency losses associated with traditional AC / DC conversion, and improving overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0107] Furthermore, two independent mains power inputs are integrated as cold backup power supplies and controlled by a static transfer switch, creating a robust external redundant power supply guarantee. When the generator and power supply modules of the main power source fail, the static transfer switch can automatically detect this in milliseconds and seamlessly or nearly seamlessly switch the data center load to the first mains power source. If the first mains power source also fails, the system will further switch to the second mains power source. This tiered, sequential access strategy greatly enhances the continuity and resilience of power supply, effectively preventing power outages caused by mains power failures in the data center.

[0108] The power interface unit ensures that the electrical energy output from the power generation and supply modules can be stably and safely connected to the DC microgrid, while the DC circuit breaker provides necessary circuit protection, quickly isolating faults and preventing reverse power transmission, thereby maintaining the safe and stable operation of the entire DC microgrid module. Overall, the configuration of this DC microgrid module, combined with the hybrid power supply architecture formed by the aforementioned hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, and lithium battery energy storage system, creates a multi-layered, highly reliable power supply system. This ensures that the data center receives a stable and uninterrupted power supply under any operating conditions, meeting the stringent requirements of Class A / T3 data centers.

[0109] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a power interface unit is proposed to connect the power generation and supply module to the DC microgrid module. However, in its implementation, due to the unstable DC power output of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, the AC power output of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, and the bidirectional voltage conversion required by the lithium battery energy storage system, direct connection may lead to problems such as voltage instability, low conversion efficiency, and system response delay.

[0110] To address this, this application further proposes a power interface unit, which includes a DC / DC converter, an active front-end rectifier, and a bidirectional DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter is configured to convert the unstable DC power output from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system into stable DC power; the active front-end rectifier is configured to convert the AC power output from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system into stable DC power; and the bidirectional DC / DC converter is configured to achieve bidirectional conversion between the battery voltage and the DC microgrid module voltage during the charging / discharging of the lithium battery energy storage system.

[0111] Specifically, a DC / DC converter is a power electronic device used to convert direct current (DC) energy from one voltage level to another. Its function is to regulate and stabilize the unstable DC output from a hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. This DC / DC converter can employ a non-isolated topology based on pulse width modulation (PWM) control, such as a Buck converter or a Boost converter, to achieve buck or boost functions; or it can employ an isolated topology, such as a forward converter or a flyback converter, to provide electrical isolation and enhance voltage regulation capabilities.

[0112] Active front-end rectifiers can efficiently convert AC power into DC power and have the potential for power factor correction, harmonic suppression, and bidirectional power flow control. In this case, its main function is to convert the AC power output from a hydrogen internal combustion engine generator system into stable DC power. This active front-end rectifier can employ a three-phase voltage source rectifier, achieving independent control of the AC side current and DC side voltage through precise PWM control; or it can use a multi-level rectifier topology to reduce switching losses and improve output voltage quality.

[0113] A bidirectional DC / DC converter is a power electronic device that allows DC power to flow bidirectionally between two different voltage levels. Its core function is to achieve seamless bidirectional conversion between battery voltage and DC microgrid module voltage during charging or discharging operations in a lithium-ion battery energy storage system. This bidirectional DC / DC converter can employ a bidirectional Buck-Boost converter to accommodate operating conditions where the battery voltage may be higher or lower than the DC bus voltage; or it can use an isolated dual active bridge (DAB) converter to provide electrical isolation, high power density, and a wider voltage regulation range.

[0114] Through the above technical solutions, this system can efficiently solve the voltage instability and conversion efficiency problems caused by the output characteristics of different power generation systems, ensuring the stable operation of the DC microgrid module. Specifically, the DC / DC converter accurately converts the unstable DC power output from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, utilizing its electrochemical output characteristics to stabilize the fluctuating DC power, thereby ensuring the reliability of the power supply to the data center's basic load. The active front-end rectifier efficiently converts the AC power output from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, combining its fast response capability to convert the AC power into stable DC power, strongly supporting peak shaving and backup functions. The bidirectional DC / DC converter addresses the bidirectional charging and discharging requirements of the lithium battery energy storage system, achieving precise matching between the battery voltage and the DC microgrid module voltage during charging and discharging, ensuring millisecond-level dynamic response and optimizing instantaneous power support. These components are optimized according to the output characteristics of their respective power generation systems, working collaboratively to significantly improve the overall power quality, conversion efficiency, and operational stability of the system, effectively avoiding problems such as voltage fluctuations, low efficiency, and response delays that may result from direct connections, thus providing the data center with a highly reliable and high-quality power supply.

[0115] In some of the embodiments described above in this application, a thermal management and application module is proposed to recover and apply the heat generated during the power generation process. However, in its implementation, the heat recovery is insufficient and the utilization is inefficient, resulting in energy waste and affecting the overall system efficiency.

[0116] In this regard, this application further proposes that the thermal management and application module is configured to recover waste heat generated during the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system. It includes: a first heat exchanger for directly recovering waste heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to produce hot water; a flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner, driven by the waste heat of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, and providing cooling water for the data center; a second heat exchanger for recovering waste heat during the operation of the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner; a third heat exchanger for directly recovering waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system; and a hot water storage tank for receiving the heat energy recovered by the second and third heat exchangers, and configured to supply the solid hydrogen storage device as a hydrogen desorption heat source.

[0117] Specifically, the core function of this thermal management and application module is to comprehensively recover and efficiently utilize the waste heat generated by the power generation and supply modules during the conversion of hydrogen into electricity. Its configuration aims to maximize the capture of heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, avoiding direct heat loss and thus laying the foundation for subsequent cascade utilization.

[0118] The first heat exchanger is specifically designed to directly recover waste heat generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to produce hot water. During operation, the hydrogen internal combustion engine produces a large amount of high-temperature flue gas and waste heat from the cylinder liner water. The first heat exchanger efficiently converts this high-grade heat energy into usable hot water. For example, a plate heat exchanger or a shell-and-tube heat exchanger can be used, optimized according to the temperature, pressure, and flow characteristics of the heat source to ensure efficient heat transfer.

[0119] The flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner utilizes waste heat recovered from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the first heat exchanger as its driving energy, providing cooling water to the data center through an absorption refrigeration cycle. Compared with traditional electrically driven compression chillers, its significant advantage lies in utilizing waste heat for cooling, greatly reducing the data center's energy consumption. Besides lithium bromide absorption refrigeration, other absorption or adsorption refrigeration technologies can also be used.

[0120] The second heat exchanger is used to recover the waste heat generated during the operation of flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioners. During the cooling process, the condenser of a lithium bromide air conditioner releases a certain amount of heat. The second heat exchanger can further capture this low-to-medium grade heat energy, preventing it from being directly emitted and realizing the secondary recovery and utilization of heat energy.

[0121] The third heat exchanger is specifically designed to directly recover waste heat generated by hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems. Hydrogen fuel cells also generate heat during power generation, typically low to medium grade heat. The third heat exchanger can effectively recover this heat and convert it into hot water. For example, a compact plate heat exchanger can be used to accommodate the operating temperature and space constraints of the fuel cell.

[0122] The hot water storage tank receives the heat energy recovered by the second and third heat exchangers. As a heat energy storage medium, it stores the recovered hot water, enabling decoupling and flexible dispatch of heat energy. More importantly, the hot water storage tank is configured to supply the stored heat energy to the solid-state hydrogen storage device as a heat source for hydrogen desorption. Solid-state hydrogen storage materials typically absorb heat when releasing hydrogen; utilizing waste heat from power generation for desorption forms a highly efficient energy closed loop, improving the overall system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0123] Through the above technical solution, this application effectively solves the problems of insufficient heat recovery and inefficient utilization. The thermal management and application module ensures full capture of thermal energy by comprehensively recovering the waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system. Specifically, the first heat exchanger efficiently captures the high-grade waste heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system and directly uses it to drive the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner to provide cooling water for the data center, realizing direct and high-value utilization of thermal energy and significantly reducing the electrical cooling load of the data center. At the same time, the second and third heat exchangers recover the waste heat generated by the lithium bromide air conditioner and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, respectively, and collect these medium and low-grade thermal energies into the hot water storage tank for storage. The hot water storage tank not only realizes flexible scheduling of thermal energy, but also innovatively supplies the stored thermal energy to the solid hydrogen storage device as a heat source for hydrogen desorption, thereby closely integrating the waste heat from power generation with the hydrogen supply link to form an efficient energy closed loop. This tiered utilization and closed-loop management strategy not only significantly improves the overall energy efficiency of the system and reduces the PUE value, but also reduces dependence on external energy sources, providing key support for data centers to achieve ultra-high reliability, extremely low carbon emissions, and zero-carbon operation.

[0124] In some embodiments described above in this application, a control and protection module is proposed to control the hydrogen source supply and storage module, the power generation and energy supply module, the DC microgrid module, and the thermal management and application module. However, in its implementation, it lacks an intelligent dynamic optimization mechanism and cannot coordinate the scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy based on real-time changing parameters such as outdoor temperature and humidity, electrical load, electricity price, and hydrogen demand. This results in low energy utilization efficiency, sluggish system response, and an inability to effectively cope with load fluctuations, environmental changes, and cost optimization requirements, thereby affecting the overall system reliability and economy.

[0125] In this regard, this application further proposes that the control and protection module includes an energy management system (EMS) configured with a multi-objective optimization algorithm to perform coordinated optimization scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy based on outdoor temperature and humidity, data center electrical load, real-time electricity price, and hydrogen demand parameters.

[0126] Specifically, an Energy Management System (EMS) is a comprehensive hardware and software platform designed to monitor, analyze, control, and optimize the operation of energy systems. Its core functions include collecting real-time data, performing predictive analysis, and issuing control commands based on preset strategies or optimization algorithms to achieve efficient energy utilization, cost minimization, and system stability. This EMS can be a server-based software platform that communicates with sensors and actuators in various modules to acquire data and issue commands; alternatively, it can be an embedded controller or a distributed control system composed of multiple intelligent control units, each responsible for the local control of a specific module, and exchanging information and performing global optimization through a central coordinator.

[0127] To achieve optimal energy scheduling, the Energy Management System (EMS) is equipped with a multi-objective optimization algorithm. This algorithm aims to simultaneously optimize two or more conflicting objective functions, such as minimizing energy costs, minimizing carbon emissions, maximizing system reliability, or maximizing energy efficiency. This multi-objective optimization algorithm can employ evolutionary computation-based algorithms, such as multi-objective genetic algorithms or non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, to effectively explore the solution space and find a diverse set of Pareto optimal solutions; alternatively, it can employ mathematical programming-based methods, such as multi-objective linear programming or mixed-integer linear programming, by transforming the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem or using a weighted sum method for solution.

[0128] During collaborative optimization scheduling, the Energy Management System (EMS) makes decisions based on a variety of real-time parameters. Outdoor temperature and humidity parameters, key environmental parameters affecting data center cooling load, are acquired in real-time by environmental sensors deployed outside the data center. This data is used to predict cooling demand and optimize the operating strategies of thermal management and application modules. Data center electrical load parameters are measured in real-time by installing current transformers and voltage sensors on the DC bus or key load points of the DC microgrid modules. This dynamically adjusts the output power of the generation and supply modules to ensure stable power supply. Real-time electricity price parameters are obtained through data interface with an external electricity market information platform and are used to dynamically adjust generation strategies to reduce operating costs. Hydrogen demand parameters are acquired by installing flow meters, pressure sensors, and sensors monitoring the hydrogen storage capacity of solid-state hydrogen storage devices in hydrogen pipelines to ensure a stable hydrogen supply and maintain the balance of the hydrogen storage system.

[0129] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, an Energy Management System (EMS) is proposed to coordinate and optimize the scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy. However, in this process, when changes in electrical load cause voltage fluctuations, there is a lack of an effective graded response mechanism to quickly stabilize the voltage, optimize power switching, and prevent the energy storage system from overcharging or over-discharging.

[0130] See Figure 2The aforementioned Energy Management System (EMS) is configured to: monitor the voltage status of the DC bus in real time; when an increase in electrical load leads to a decrease in voltage, activate a tiered response mechanism: instruct the lithium battery energy storage system to discharge to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter within milliseconds to compensate for the power deficit; assess the persistence of electrical load fluctuations: if it is a short-term fluctuation, terminate the response after the voltage recovers; if it is a continuous increase in load and the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery energy storage system drops to the lower threshold, then activate the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system and gradually increase its power output, while smoothly reducing the discharge power of the lithium battery energy storage system to achieve a transition from energy storage dominance to hydrogen internal combustion engine replacement; when a decrease in electrical load leads to an increase in voltage, activate a reverse tiered response mechanism: instruct the lithium battery energy storage system to absorb excess power to charge and stabilize the voltage; continuously monitor the SOC of the lithium battery energy storage system, and when it rises to the upper threshold, control the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to reduce their power output; during the power reduction process, gradually reduce the charging power of the lithium battery energy storage system.

[0131] Specifically, the Energy Management System (EMS) is equipped with a multi-objective optimization algorithm that coordinates and optimizes the scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy based on parameters such as outdoor temperature and humidity, data center electrical load, real-time electricity price, and hydrogen demand. This EMS is a comprehensive hardware and software platform used to monitor, control, and optimize the operation of energy systems. Its multi-objective optimization algorithm aims to find the optimal solution under multiple conflicting or interrelated objective functions to ensure that the system meets the data center's electricity and heat load requirements while maximizing energy efficiency, minimizing operating costs, and minimizing carbon emissions. For example, the EMS can employ a model predictive control (MPC)-based optimization algorithm to dynamically adjust the operating strategies of each energy device by predicting future load, weather, and electricity price data; alternatively, the EMS can use heuristic algorithms, such as genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization algorithms, to search for the optimal scheduling scheme under preset constraints.

[0132] The Energy Management System (EMS) is also configured to monitor the voltage status of the DC bus in real time. This provides the EMS with crucial feedback on the system's operating status, forming the basis for determining system stability and the need for power regulation. For example, high-precision voltage sensors can be installed on the DC bus to transmit the collected voltage signals to the EMS for analysis in real time; alternatively, distributed voltage monitoring units can be used to sample voltage at multiple key nodes on the DC bus and aggregate the data to the EMS via a communication network.

[0133] When an increase in electrical load causes a voltage drop, the system activates a tiered response mechanism. This mechanism ensures that when voltage fluctuations occur in the system, different resources are mobilized step-by-step according to preset priorities and strategies to avoid excessive or insufficient intervention. For example, the EMS can preset voltage thresholds and response levels. When the monitored voltage falls below a certain threshold, the first-level response is automatically triggered; if the voltage continues to drop, a higher-level response is triggered; or, based on fuzzy logic control or an expert system, the system can intelligently determine and initiate the corresponding tiered response process based on the magnitude and rate of voltage drop.

[0134] In the graded response mechanism, the lithium battery energy storage system is first instructed to discharge to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter within milliseconds to compensate for the power deficit. This utilizes the high power density and fast response characteristics of the lithium battery energy storage system to inject power into the DC bus in a very short time, quickly stabilizing the voltage. For example, the EMS sends a discharge command to the battery management system (BMS) or its associated power conversion system of the lithium battery energy storage system (BESS) through a high-speed communication interface. The controller inside the BESS adjusts the operating mode of the bidirectional DC / DC converter according to the command to achieve rapid discharge; or, the bidirectional DC / DC converter itself has a voltage droop control function. When a drop in DC bus voltage is detected, it can autonomously adjust the discharge power without direct command from the EMS, achieving a millisecond-level response, while the EMS performs macroscopic scheduling and parameter setting.

[0135] The system assesses the persistence of electrical load fluctuations. This aims to distinguish between transient disturbances and persistent load changes, avoiding unnecessary long-term responses to short-term fluctuations and thus optimizing energy efficiency. For example, the EMS analyzes historical trends in DC bus voltage, current, or power data, combining statistical indicators such as average and variance within a time window to determine the duration of fluctuations; alternatively, it employs signal processing techniques, such as Fourier transform or wavelet analysis, to decompose the load fluctuation signal, identify its frequency components, and thus determine whether it is a transient high-frequency disturbance or a persistent low-frequency change.

[0136] If the assessment result indicates a short-term fluctuation, the response will terminate once the voltage recovers. This avoids resource waste, ensures the system can quickly return to normal operation after a short-term disturbance, and stops unnecessary power output. For example, the EMS can set a voltage recovery threshold and duration. When the voltage recovers and stabilizes above the threshold for a period of time, it will automatically send a stop-discharge command to the lithium battery energy storage system; alternatively, the internal controller of the lithium battery energy storage system can autonomously stop discharging and report its status to the EMS after detecting that the DC bus voltage has recovered to a preset range.

[0137] If the assessment indicates a continuous increase in load and the State of Charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system drops to the lower threshold, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is activated and its power output is gradually increased. Simultaneously, the discharge power of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is smoothly reduced, achieving a transition from energy storage dominance to hydrogen internal combustion engine replacement. This ensures that when the lithium-ion battery energy storage system's capacity is insufficient to cope with a continuous increase in load, the load can be smoothly transferred to the faster-responding hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, guaranteeing power continuity. For example, the EMS (Electronic Power Management System) sends a start-up command to the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in advance based on the SOC value of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system and load forecasts. Based on its start-up and ramp-up characteristics, it synchronously adjusts the discharge power curve of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system to ensure a smooth total power output. Alternatively, state machine-based control logic can be used to automatically trigger the start-up sequence of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system when the SOC reaches the lower limit and the load continues to rise. A PID controller or fuzzy controller coordinates the power output of both systems to achieve seamless switching.

[0138] When a decrease in electrical load causes a voltage rise, the system activates a reverse, tiered response mechanism. This is designed to address overvoltage issues caused by a sudden decrease in load, prevent system overvoltage, and protect equipment. For example, the EMS may preset a voltage upper limit threshold; when the monitored voltage exceeds this threshold, the reverse response mechanism is triggered. Alternatively, a voltage deviation-based control strategy may be employed, activating appropriate power absorption measures when the voltage deviates upwards from the set value.

[0139] In the reverse graded response mechanism, the lithium battery energy storage system is instructed to absorb excess power to charge and stabilize the voltage. This utilizes the charging capability of the lithium battery energy storage system to quickly absorb excess electrical energy in the system and prevent overvoltage. For example, the EMS sends a charging command to the lithium battery energy storage system, which then uses a bidirectional DC / DC converter to convert excess electrical energy on the DC bus into battery charging current; alternatively, the bidirectional DC / DC converter has a voltage droop control function, which autonomously adjusts the charging power to absorb excess electrical energy when it detects a rise in the DC bus voltage.

[0140] Simultaneously, the system continuously monitors the State of Charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system. When the SOC reaches the upper limit threshold, it controls the power output of both the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to reduce their power output. This aims to prevent the lithium-ion battery energy storage system from overcharging and, by adjusting the output of the main power source, further balance the system power and avoid energy waste.

[0141] During the power reduction process, the charging power of the lithium battery energy storage system is gradually reduced. This ensures the stability of system power regulation and avoids new voltage fluctuations caused by sudden charging cessation. For example, while the EMS sends a power reduction command to the power generation system, it simultaneously sends a command to the lithium battery energy storage system to gradually reduce the charging power, forming coordinated control; or, the internal controller of the lithium battery energy storage system autonomously adjusts the charging power based on the DC bus voltage and its own SOC state, coordinating with the power reduction process of the power generation system.

[0142] Through the above technical solution, this application addresses the voltage fluctuation problem caused by changes in electrical load by configuring an Energy Management System (EMS) to execute a specific graded response mechanism. This achieves rapid voltage stabilization, optimized power switching, and prevention of overcharging or over-discharging of the energy storage system. Real-time monitoring of the DC bus voltage status allows the EMS to detect voltage changes promptly, providing a basis for subsequent responses. When an increase in electrical load causes a voltage drop, the lithium battery energy storage system is instructed to discharge to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter within milliseconds, quickly compensating for the power deficit and immediately stabilizing the voltage using the high-speed dynamic response capability of the lithium battery. After assessing the duration of the electrical load fluctuation, if it is a short-term fluctuation, the response is terminated after the voltage recovers to avoid unnecessary resource consumption. If the load is continuously increasing and the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery energy storage system drops to the lower threshold, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is activated and its power output is gradually increased, while the discharge power of the lithium battery energy storage system is smoothly reduced. This achieves a smooth transition from energy storage dominance to hydrogen internal combustion engine replacement, ensuring a smooth power switching and preventing system collapse. When a decrease in electrical load causes a voltage rise, a reverse graded response mechanism is activated. This mechanism instructs the lithium-ion battery energy storage system to absorb excess power and charge, stabilizing the voltage and preventing overcharging. After continuously monitoring the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, if it rises to the upper limit threshold, the power output of both the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is reduced to avoid overcharging. During the power reduction process, the charging power of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system is gradually decreased to ensure a smooth transition and maintain voltage stability.

[0143] This tiered response mechanism, tightly integrated with the hybrid power supply architecture, fully leverages the millisecond-level response of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, the second-level rapid response of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system, and the stable baseload power supply of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system, achieving seamless switching and collaborative operation between different power sources. This significantly improves the voltage stability and power supply reliability of the data center DC microgrid, especially in the face of sudden large load surges or load drops in the data center, enabling rapid and effective power balancing to ensure the stable operation of critical data center equipment. Simultaneously, through refined SOC management, it effectively extends the lifespan of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system and optimizes the overall energy system's operating efficiency.

[0144] In some of the solutions mentioned above in this application, an Energy Management System (EMS) is proposed to control the coordinated and optimized scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy. However, in this process, the heat energy distribution and control logic is not perfect, resulting in low efficiency of waste heat recovery and application when the power load changes, which affects the overall performance of the system.

[0145] See Figure 3 This application further proposes an Energy Management System (EMS) configured to execute the following heat energy distribution and control logic. The EMS is an integrated hardware and software platform responsible for monitoring, analyzing, optimizing, and controlling the operation of the entire energy system. Its core function is to achieve energy supply and demand balance, maximize efficiency, and minimize costs. Specifically, the EMS collects real-time heat energy-related data such as temperature, flow rate, and pressure at various points in the system through a sensor network. Combined with preset control strategies and optimization algorithms, it sends instructions to the actuators to achieve precise heat energy distribution and utilization. Alternatively, the EMS can employ advanced control algorithms such as model predictive control or reinforcement learning to dynamically adjust the operating status of power generation and supply modules based on predicted parameters such as power load and ambient temperature, thereby optimizing the generation and utilization efficiency of waste heat.

[0146] This heat distribution and control logic primarily responds to changes in electrical load. When the electrical load increases or fluctuates, the Energy Management System (EMS) controls the power generation and supply modules to increase power generation efficiency, resulting in increased waste heat generation. Conversely, when the electrical load decreases, the EMS controls the power generation and supply modules to decrease power generation efficiency, resulting in reduced waste heat generation. This mechanism aims to achieve synergistic optimization of combined heat and power (CHP), ensuring that the amount of waste heat generated matches the actual heat demand of the data center or the available thermal energy application scenarios. By dynamically adjusting power generation efficiency, excessive waste heat generation leading to waste, or insufficient waste heat requiring additional energy supplementation, can be avoided. For example, based on real-time electrical load data monitored by the DC microgrid module, and combined with the operating characteristic curves of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the power generation and supply modules, the EMS dynamically adjusts their power output points. When the electrical load increases, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is instructed to enter a more efficient operating range, and its exhaust gas temperature and cylinder liner water temperature will increase accordingly, thereby generating more recoverable high-grade waste heat.

[0147] Secondly, the logic includes heat source classification and path allocation. The high-temperature waste heat from the flue gas and cylinder liner water generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is designated as the first type of heat source; the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the condensation heat from the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner are designated as the second type of heat source, and are recovered to the hot water storage tank through the second and third heat exchangers. Classifying waste heat of different grades and planning its recovery path is key to achieving cascaded utilization of waste heat. High-temperature waste heat can be used to drive refrigeration or provide direct heating, while low-temperature waste heat can be used in scenarios requiring lower-temperature heat sources, such as the desorption of solid-state hydrogen storage devices. The Energy Management System (EMS) controls the start / stop and flow of valves and pumps to guide the high-temperature flue gas and cylinder liner water discharged from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to the first heat exchanger or directly to the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner. Simultaneously, the condensation heat from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the lithium bromide air conditioner is collected to the hot water storage tank through their respective heat exchangers (the second and third heat exchangers).

[0148] This logic is based on thermal energy scheduling according to operating modes. In cooling mode, the primary heat source is supplied to the hot water-type lithium bromide air conditioner for data center cooling; it also determines whether the cooling capacity is sufficient, and if not, starts the data center's electric chiller units. When the data center needs cooling, high-grade waste heat is prioritized to drive the lithium bromide air conditioner, reducing power consumption and lowering PUE. When waste heat cooling capacity is insufficient, it is supplemented by starting electric chiller units to ensure stable data center temperature. The Energy Management System (EMS) monitors temperature and humidity sensor data inside the data center to determine whether cooling mode needs to be activated. Once cooling mode is entered, the EMS instructs valves to supply the primary heat source of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to the flue gas hot water-type lithium bromide air conditioner. Simultaneously, the EMS continuously monitors the cooling output of the lithium bromide air conditioner and the internal temperature of the data center. If the temperature continues to rise or the cooling capacity is insufficient to meet the demand, the data center's electric chiller units are automatically activated for auxiliary cooling.

[0149] In natural cooling mode, the first type of heat source is used to produce hot water through the first heat exchanger and then recycled to the hot water storage tank. The system further determines if there is a need for office heating. If heating is needed, the hot water in the storage tank is used for the office heating system; otherwise, it is used for the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device. When the ambient temperature is low and the data center can use natural cooling, high-grade waste heat is converted into hot water for storage and flexibly allocated according to actual needs, achieving multi-purpose utilization of thermal energy and avoiding waste. When the Energy Management System (EMS) determines that the system is in natural cooling mode, it instructs valves to direct the first type of heat source from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to the first heat exchanger, transferring heat to the water medium to generate hot water. This hot water is then transported and stored in the hot water storage tank. The EMS determines if there is a need for office heating based on a preset heating schedule or by detecting the office area temperature through sensors. If so, the hot water in the storage tank is transported to the office heating system via pumps and valves. If there is no heating requirement, the hot water in the hot water storage tank will be used as a heat source to supply the solid hydrogen storage device for desorption during its hydrogen release process.

[0150] Through the aforementioned technical solutions, the Energy Management System (EMS) can dynamically control the power generation efficiency of the power generation and supply modules, ensuring that waste heat generation matches actual demand and avoiding waste or insufficiency, thereby improving the overall efficiency of combined heat and power (CHP). Furthermore, by classifying and allocating heat sources, waste heat is utilized in a tiered manner, prioritizing high-demand scenarios with high-grade heat sources and using low-grade heat sources for other auxiliary functions, significantly improving the recovery efficiency and utilization value of waste heat. Further, based on the thermal energy dispatch mechanism of the operating mode, in cooling mode, high-grade waste heat is prioritized to drive lithium bromide air conditioners, effectively reducing the data center's dependence on electric chillers, reducing power consumption, and promptly activating electric chillers to supplement cooling capacity when insufficient, ensuring the stability of data center temperature and operational reliability. In natural cooling mode, thermal energy is stored and flexibly applied to office heating systems or the hydrogen release process of solid-state hydrogen storage devices according to heating needs. This multi-scenario, multi-purpose thermal energy dispatch strategy maximizes the utilization rate of waste heat, not only meeting the cooling needs of data centers, but also taking into account the operational needs of office heating and solid-state hydrogen storage devices. It significantly improves the overall energy utilization efficiency and economy of the entire system, and further reduces the system's PUE value and carbon emissions.

[0151] The following example will provide a more detailed explanation of the above technical solution:

[0152] A large data center faces challenges such as high carbon emissions, limited power usage effectiveness (PUE) optimization, and slow backup power response under traditional power supply models. To address these issues, the data center deployed a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system based on hybrid hydrogen energy.

[0153] The system first ensures a stable hydrogen supply through a hydrogen source supply and storage module. At the core of this module is a solid-state hydrogen storage device capable of receiving and safely storing hydrogen from various sources. For example, when external green hydrogen is piped to the data center, the solid-state storage device receives and stores it. Simultaneously, hydrogen produced internally through water electrolysis is also fed into this device. When the data center requires electricity, the solid-state storage device releases the stored hydrogen, supplying it to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the power generation and supply module for electricity generation. This multi-source hydrogen supply and solid-state storage method effectively reduces dependence on a single external energy source and improves the flexibility and security of the hydrogen supply.

[0154] The power generation and supply module is the core power source of the system, employing a hybrid power supply architecture to cope with the complex and ever-changing load demands of the data center. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system serves as the baseload power source, continuously providing stable power to the data center. Its high energy efficiency and near-zero carbon emissions significantly reduce the carbon footprint of operations. When the data center's electrical load experiences peak fluctuations, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system quickly starts up, adjusting power output to meet instantaneous demand. Its rapid response capability compensates for the limitations of hydrogen fuel cells in dynamic response. Furthermore, when the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system fails, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system can also serve as a backup power source, ensuring the continuity of power supply. To address the millisecond-level instantaneous power support needs of the data center, this module is also equipped with a lithium battery energy storage system, which provides rapid dynamic response and effectively smooths load fluctuations.

[0155] The electrical energy generated by the power generation and supply module is transmitted to the DC microgrid module. This module employs a dual-bus DC bus architecture, directly supplying DC power to the data center server racks. This highly matches the DC input requirements of the servers, thereby reducing energy loss from multiple AC-DC conversions and significantly improving energy efficiency. The DC microgrid module also integrates two independent mains power connections as cold backup power supplies, controlled by a static transfer switch. The power interface unit is responsible for connecting the electrical energy output from the power generation and supply module to the DC microgrid. For example, a DC / DC converter converts the unstable DC power output from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system into stable DC power; an active front-end rectifier converts the AC power output from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system into stable DC power; and a bidirectional DC / DC converter enables bidirectional conversion between battery voltage and DC microgrid module voltage during the charging and discharging of the lithium battery energy storage system. A DC circuit breaker is used to isolate circuit anomalies and prevent reverse power transmission, ensuring system safety. When the power generation and supply modules fail, the data center's electrical load will be supplied by one mains power supply and another mains power supply in sequence through a static switching switch, ensuring extremely high power supply reliability.

[0156] During power generation, both the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system generate a significant amount of waste heat. The thermal management and application module is responsible for recovering and efficiently utilizing this waste heat. For example, a heat exchanger for directly recovering waste heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system uses the waste heat from the high-temperature flue gas and cylinder liner water to produce hot water. This hot water can drive a flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner, providing cooling water for the data center, replacing traditional electric cooling, and further reducing energy consumption. A heat exchanger for recovering waste heat from the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner and another for directly recovering waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system combine their recovered heat energy into a hot water storage tank. The hot water in the storage tank can not only be used for heating needs within the data center but also serve as a heat source for hydrogen desorption in solid-state hydrogen storage devices, promoting hydrogen release and forming an internal energy cycle, significantly improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0157] The control and protection module is the "brain" of the entire system, with the Energy Management System (EMS) at its core. This EMS is equipped with a multi-objective optimization algorithm, enabling coordinated and optimized scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy based on parameters such as outdoor temperature and humidity, data center electrical load, real-time electricity prices, and hydrogen demand. For example, the EMS monitors the voltage status of the DC bus in real time. When an increase in electrical load causes a voltage drop, the EMS activates a tiered response mechanism: first, it instructs the lithium-ion battery energy storage system to discharge to the DC bus via a bidirectional DC / DC converter within milliseconds, quickly compensating for the power deficit. The EMS assesses the persistence of the electrical load fluctuation. If it is a short-term fluctuation, the response terminates after the voltage recovers; if it is a sustained increase in load and the state of charge of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system drops to the lower threshold, the EMS activates the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system and gradually increases its power output, while smoothly reducing the discharge power of the lithium-ion battery energy storage system, achieving a smooth transition from energy storage dominance to hydrogen internal combustion engine replacement. Conversely, when a decrease in electrical load leads to a rise in voltage, the EMS activates a reverse graded response mechanism: instructing the lithium battery energy storage system to absorb excess power for charging to stabilize the voltage; continuously monitoring the state of charge of the lithium battery energy storage system, and when it rises to the upper limit threshold, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to reduce power output, and gradually reducing the charging power of the lithium battery energy storage system during the power reduction process.

[0158] In terms of heat energy distribution and control, the EMS also executes refined logic. It responds to changes in power load, controlling the power generation and supply modules to increase or decrease power generation efficiency, thereby regulating the amount of waste heat generated. The EMS uses the high-temperature flue gas and cylinder liner water waste heat generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system as one type of heat source, prioritizing its delivery to the hot water-type lithium bromide air conditioning for data center cooling. If the cooling capacity is insufficient, the data center's electric chiller units are activated as a supplement. The waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the condensation heat generated by the flue gas hot water-type lithium bromide air conditioning are used as another type of heat source, recovered to the hot water storage tank through corresponding heat exchangers. In natural cooling mode, one type of heat source produces hot water through a heat exchanger and is recovered to the hot water storage tank. The EMS also determines whether there is an office heating demand; if so, the hot water in the storage tank is used for the office heating system; if there is no heating demand, the hot water in the storage tank is used for the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage device, serving as a heat source for hydrogen desorption.

[0159] Through the aforementioned collaborative efforts, the system establishes hydrogen power generation as the primary power source for the data center, effectively addressing the traditional data center's heavy reliance on mains power and diesel generators, and significantly reducing carbon emissions. The hybrid power supply architecture, coupled with a lithium-ion battery energy storage system with millisecond-level response, overcomes the slow dynamic response issue of single-source hydrogen power generation, ensuring ultra-high reliability of power supply. Simultaneously, the cascaded utilization of waste heat and the intelligent energy management system significantly improve energy efficiency, achieving extremely low power usage effectiveness (PUE) and zero-carbon operation, meeting the high-level standards required for data centers.

[0160] In this document, the terms "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "vertical," and "horizontal," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only used for the clarity of expressing the technical solution and for the convenience of description, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0161] In this document, the terms “comprising,” “including,” or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, which includes not only the elements listed but also other elements not expressly listed.

[0162] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy, characterized in that, include: The hydrogen supply and storage module is used to supply hydrogen for power generation to the power generation and energy supply module. The power generation and supply module is used to convert hydrogen into electrical energy and supply it to the DC microgrid module; DC microgrid modules are used to provide power to data centers; The thermal management and application module is used to recover and apply the heat generated when the power generation and energy supply module converts hydrogen into electrical energy. The control and protection module is used to control the hydrogen source supply and storage module, the power generation and energy supply module, the DC microgrid module, and the thermal management and application module.

2. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hydrogen source supply and storage module includes a solid hydrogen storage device; The solid-state hydrogen storage device is configured to receive and store hydrogen from at least one hydrogen source, the hydrogen source including: Hydrogen is produced internally through water electrolysis and green hydrogen is transported externally through pipelines; The solid-state hydrogen storage device is also configured to release the stored hydrogen and supply it to the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system in the power generation and energy supply module for power generation.

3. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power generation and power supply modules together constitute a hybrid power supply architecture. The hydrogen fuel cell power generation system is configured to handle the basic load of the data center; The hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is configured to regulate peak power fluctuations or provide backup power in the event of a failure of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. The lithium battery energy storage system is configured to provide millisecond-level dynamic response to meet the instantaneous power support requirements of data centers.

4. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The DC microgrid module includes: The DC bus, employing a dual-bus or ring-bus architecture, is configured as follows: It directly supplies DC power to the data center to match the DC input requirements of the server racks; It integrates two independent mains power inputs, which serve as cold backup power supplies and are controlled by a static switching switch; The DC microgrid module also includes: A power interface unit connected to the power generation and supply module; DC circuit breakers are used to isolate circuit malfunctions and prevent reverse power transmission. Furthermore, when the power generation and supply module fails, the data center's electrical load is supplied sequentially by the first and second mains power lines through the static switching switch.

5. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power interface unit includes: The DC / DC converter is configured to convert the unstable DC power output from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system into stable DC power. An active front-end rectifier is configured to convert the alternating current output from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system into stable direct current. A bidirectional DC / DC converter is configured to achieve bidirectional conversion between battery voltage and DC microgrid module voltage during the charging / discharging of a lithium battery energy storage system.

6. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 3, characterized in that, The thermal management and application module is configured to recover waste heat generated during the power generation of hydrogen fuel cell power generation systems and hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation systems, and includes: The first heat exchanger is used to directly recover waste heat from the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system to produce hot water. A flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner is driven by the waste heat of the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system and provides cooling water for the data center. The second heat exchanger is used to recover the waste heat generated during the operation of the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner. The third heat exchanger is used to directly recover the waste heat from the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system. A hot water storage tank is used to receive the heat energy recovered by the second and third heat exchangers and is configured to supply the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage device.

7. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and protection module includes an energy management system (EMS) configured with a multi-objective optimization algorithm to coordinate and optimize the scheduling of electricity, heat, and hydrogen energy based on outdoor temperature and humidity, data center electrical load, real-time electricity price, and hydrogen demand parameters.

8. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 7, characterized in that, The Energy Management System (EMS) is configured as follows: Real-time monitoring of DC bus voltage status; When an increase in electrical load causes a drop in voltage, a graded response mechanism is activated: The command lithium battery energy storage system discharges to the DC bus through a bidirectional DC / DC converter within milliseconds to compensate for power deficiency. Assess the persistence of electrical load fluctuations: If the fluctuation is short-term, the response will be terminated once the voltage recovers. If the load continues to rise and the state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery energy storage system drops to the lower threshold, the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system will be started and its power output will be gradually increased. At the same time, the discharge power of the lithium battery energy storage system will be smoothly reduced to achieve the transition from energy storage dominance to hydrogen internal combustion engine replacement. When a decrease in electrical load causes a rise in voltage, a reverse graded response mechanism is activated: The command lithium battery energy storage system absorbs excess power to charge and stabilize the voltage. The state of charge (SOC) of the lithium battery energy storage system is continuously monitored, and when it rises to the upper limit threshold, the power output of the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is reduced. During the power reduction process, the charging power of the lithium battery energy storage system is gradually reduced.

9. The data center combined cooling, heating and power system based on hybrid hydrogen energy according to claim 8, characterized in that, The Energy Management System (EMS) is configured to execute the following heat energy distribution and control logic: In response to changes in electricity load: When the electrical load increases or fluctuates, the power generation and supply modules are controlled to increase their power generation efficiency, and the waste heat generated increases accordingly; when the electrical load decreases, the power generation and supply modules are controlled to decrease their power generation efficiency, and the waste heat generated decreases accordingly. Heat source classification and path allocation: The high-temperature waste heat from the flue gas and cylinder liner water generated by the hydrogen internal combustion engine power generation system is used as the first type of heat source. The waste heat generated by the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system and the condensation heat generated by the flue gas hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner are used as the second type of heat source and recovered to the hot water storage tank through the second heat exchanger and the third heat exchanger. Thermal energy dispatch based on operating mode: Cooling mode: The first type of heat source is delivered to the hot water type lithium bromide air conditioner for data center cooling; and it is determined whether the cooling capacity is sufficient. If it is insufficient, the electric cooling unit of the data center is started. Natural cooling mode: The first type of heat source produces hot water through the first heat exchanger and is then recycled to the hot water storage tank; And further determine whether there is a need for office heating; If there is a heating need, the hot water in the hot water storage tank will be used for the office heating system; If there is no heating requirement, the hot water in the hot water storage tank will be used for the hydrogen release process of the solid hydrogen storage device.

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