A test method for localized emission factors of operating ships

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for testing localized emission factors of operating ships, including S1, building a localized emission factor testing system to ensure that the testing system can collect complete ship operating data and emission data in real time, the operating data includes the speed collected in real time by the speedometer and the engine fuel consumption, engine speed, and engine torque collected in real time by the ECU; the emission data includes the gas composition and concentration in the engine exhaust pipe measured by the exhaust analyzer; S2, ship operating condition and emission measurement: before the engine is started, the ship operating data and emission data are measured until the engine stops; S3, localized emission factor calculation: the localized emission factor is calculated by the data in the operating ship operating database and the operating ship emission database. The present invention can realize the localization of emission factors of operating ships, reduce the uncertainty of emission accounting of operating ships, and has the advantages of strong versatility, high accuracy, simple structure, and convenient installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship exhaust monitoring, and in particular to a method for testing a localized emission factor of an operating ship. Background Art

[0002] Ship exhaust emissions have become one of the major sources of air pollution. Reducing exhaust emissions from operating ships is a research focus of the shipping industry. In the statistical accounting of ship emissions, the emission factor is an important reference quantity.

[0003] The emission factors used in the current ship emission accounting process are default values, but the emission factors will change due to the engine load and the navigation environment of the ship, and are not fixed values. Using fixed emission factors will affect the accuracy of ship emission accounting. At the same time, the current emission factor data is outdated and the update is delayed, and most of them use foreign recommended values ​​as reference. The emission factors used in the emission accounting of domestic operating ships lack actual testing, and the localized emission factors are seriously missing. Taking the reference emission factor of marine diesel as an example, the emission factors used by the International Maritime Organization from 2014 to the present have not been revised. There are many sources for parameters such as the calorific value, carbon content per unit calorific value, and oxidation rate of the same fuel. There are differences in the technical level of domestic and foreign ship fuels and engines. It is necessary to study localized emission factors that can objectively reflect the production technology level of my country and are representative of time and region, and establish a domestic ship localized emission factor database. In the test process of the localized emission factors of operating ships, the parameters affecting the emission factors are variable and complex. In order to make the measured localized emission factors more accurate, a corresponding test system needs to be built. Therefore, a test method and system for the localized emission factors of operating ships is required. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that the emission factor data currently used for calculating the emissions of operating ships in the above-mentioned prior art are outdated, updated lagging, and mostly use fixed values; the emission factors of domestic operating ship engines lack actual testing, and the localized emission factors are seriously missing. A localized emission factor testing method for operating ships is provided. The localized emission factor testing system for operating ships collects ship operating data and emission data in real time, and then calculates the localized emission factors of operating ships, promotes the refined accounting management of the emission factor database in time and space dimensions, realizes the localization of emission factors of operating ships, continuously improves their accuracy, scientificity and systematicity, and reduces the uncertainty of emission accounting of operating ships.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is:

[0006] A method for testing localized emission factors of operating ships, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1. Build a localized emission factor test system to ensure that the test system can collect complete ship operating data and emission data in real time:

[0008] The test system includes a speedometer, an ECU, an exhaust gas analyzer, a sampling tube, an operating data acquisition module, an emission data acquisition module, an operating ship operating database, and an operating ship emission database;

[0009] The operating condition data includes the ship speed collected in real time by the speedometer and the engine fuel consumption, engine speed, and engine torque collected in real time by the ECU;

[0010] The emission data includes gas composition and concentration in the engine exhaust pipe measured by the exhaust gas analyzer through a sampling tube to collect gas in the engine exhaust pipe;

[0011] The operating data acquisition module is used to collect the operating data collected by the speedometer and the ECU and send them to the operating data database of the operating ships, and the emission data acquisition module is used to collect the emission data collected by the exhaust gas analyzer and send them to the emission database of the operating ships;

[0012] S2. Ship operating condition and emission measurement: Before the engine is started, the ship operating condition data and emission data are measured until the engine stops;

[0013] S3. Calculation of localized emission factors: Calculate the localized emission factors using the data in the operating ship operating conditions database and the operating ship emission database.

[0014] In the above scheme, the exhaust gas analyzer can measure O2, CO, CO2, NO x and SO2 gas concentrations.

[0015] In the above scheme, in step S1, the installation of the exhaust gas analyzer and the sampling tube includes:

[0016] (1) Selection of the measuring point of the exhaust gas analyzer: Install the sampling tube vertically behind the outlet of the engine turbocharger and at a distance of 10 exhaust pipe diameters or more from the outlet;

[0017] (2) Fixing and sealing of the measuring point: To avoid the influence of the vibration of the ship's engine room on the sampling tube, the sampling tube needs to be fixed; to avoid the gap between the sampling tube and the engine exhaust pipe affecting the measurement, the gap between the sampling tube and the engine exhaust pipe is sealed with high temperature resistant materials; the sampling tube is sealed and connected to the exhaust gas analyzer;

[0018] (3) Calibration and preheating of the exhaust gas analyzer: In order to ensure the accuracy of exhaust gas measurement, various standard gases are required to calibrate the ranges of various sensors in the exhaust gas analyzer before formal measurement. Before the measurement system is installed, the exhaust gas analyzer is preheated to ensure that the sensors in the instrument can operate stably.

[0019] In the above scheme, the localized emission factors include emission factors based on power, emission factors based on fuel consumption and emission factors based on navigation distance.

[0020] In the above scheme, the calculation methods of the three types of emission factors are as follows:

[0021]

[0022]

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, i represents the i-th component in the exhaust gas, EF i P represents the power-based emission factor of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, C i is the concentration of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, M i is the molar mass of the i-th component, P is the engine power, and GF is the exhaust flow rate;

[0025] EF i F represents the emission factor based on fuel consumption of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, FC is the fuel consumption;

[0026] EF i D It represents the emission factor of the i-th component in the exhaust gas based on the sailing distance, and V is the sailing speed.

[0027] In the above scheme, the engine power P is calculated by the engine speed and torque:

[0028]

[0029] Where n is the engine speed measured by the ECU, and T is the engine torque measured by the ECU.

[0030] In the above scheme, the exhaust flow rate GF is calculated based on the measured fuel consumption, fuel composition and exhaust concentration:

[0031]

[0032] Where FC is the fuel consumption, FCC is the carbon content of the fuel, ρ1 is the density of CO2, C1 is the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas, and C2 is the dry CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0034] The localized emission factor testing method for operating ships of the present invention collects ship operating data and emission data in real time through the localized emission factor testing system for operating ships, and then calculates the localized emission factors of operating ships, promotes the refined accounting management of the emission factor database in time and space dimensions, realizes the localization of emission factors of operating ships, continuously improves its accuracy, scientificity and systematicity, and reduces the uncertainty of emission accounting of operating ships. And this method has the advantages of strong versatility, high accuracy, simple structure and easy installation:

[0035] (1) Strong versatility. The localized emission factor testing method for operating ships proposed in the present invention is universal, that is, the localized emission factor is calculated using the collected target ship data. And the localized emission factor testing system adopted can be applicable to operating ships.

[0036] (2) High accuracy. The localized emission factor obtained by the localized emission factor testing method for operating ships proposed in the present invention is more accurate. The localized emission factor is accurately calculated using the real-time collected engine fuel consumption, engine speed, engine torque, speed, and ship emission data.

[0037] (3) Simple structure and easy installation. The localized emission factor test system used requires less equipment, most of which can rely on the existing equipment of the operating ship. The required exhaust gas analyzer can also measure data through the ship engine exhaust pipe, without the need for extensive modification of the ship. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, in which:

[0039] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the localized emission factor testing method of operating ships of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the localized emission factor testing system constructed in the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a method for testing the localized emission factor of an operating ship, comprising the following steps:

[0043] S1. Build a localized emission factor test system to ensure that the test system can collect complete ship operating data and emission data in real time.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the test system includes a speedometer, an ECU, an exhaust analyzer, a sampling tube, an operating data acquisition module, an emission data acquisition module, an operating ship operating database, and an operating ship emission database. Among them, an operating ship refers to a ship in operation; the speedometer is a device that uses the Beidou positioning system installed on the ship to measure the ship's speed. The device can send the longitude and latitude of the ship in real time, and calculate the ship's speed through the longitude and latitude; the ECU (Electronic Control Unit) is the engine's electronic control unit, which can output the parameters of the engine during operation, including engine fuel consumption, engine speed and engine shaft torque; the exhaust analyzer is an instrument that can measure exhaust components and corresponding gas concentrations. The sampling tube is a connecting device between the exhaust analyzer and the engine exhaust pipe, which is used to transport the gas in the exhaust pipe to the exhaust analyzer; the exhaust analyzer collects gas in the engine exhaust pipe through the sampling tube for measurement, and measures the gas components and concentrations in the engine exhaust pipe. In this system, the exhaust analyzer can measure O2, CO, CO2, NO x And the concentration of gases such as SO2.

[0045] The speedometer and ECU are built-in equipment of the ship and do not require additional installation; the installation of the exhaust gas analyzer and sampling tube includes:

[0046] (1) Selection of the measuring point of the exhaust gas analyzer: Install the sampling tube vertically behind the outlet of the engine turbocharger and at a distance of 10 exhaust pipe diameters or more from the outlet;

[0047] (2) Fixing and sealing of the measuring point: In order to avoid the influence of the vibration of the ship's engine room on the sampling tube, it is necessary to fix the sampling tube with a high-temperature resistant metal wire (such as iron wire); in order to avoid the gap between the sampling tube and the engine exhaust pipe affecting the measurement during the measurement, a high-temperature resistant material (such as asbestos rope) is used to seal the gap between the sampling tube and the engine exhaust pipe; the sampling tube is sealed and connected to the exhaust gas analyzer;

[0048] (3) Calibration and preheating of exhaust gas analyzer: In order to ensure the accuracy of exhaust gas measurement, O2, CO, CO2, NO x The range of various sensors in the exhaust gas analyzer is calibrated with standard gases such as SO2; before the measurement system is installed, the exhaust gas analyzer is preheated to ensure that the sensors in the instrument can operate stably.

[0049] The operating condition data includes the speed collected in real time by the speedometer and the engine fuel consumption, engine speed and engine torque collected in real time by the ECU; the emission data includes the gas composition and concentration in the engine exhaust pipe measured by the exhaust analyzer through the sampling tube.

[0050] The operating data acquisition module collects the operating data collected by the speedometer and ECU through CAN communication and sends it to the operating data database of the operating ship. The emission data acquisition module is used to collect the emission data collected by the exhaust gas analyzer and send it to the emission database of the operating ship. The operating ship operating database is used to store the ship speed, engine fuel consumption, engine speed and engine torque collected by the operating data module. The operating ship emission database is used to store the O2, CO, CO2, NO measured by the exhaust gas analyzer. x And SO2 and other gas concentration data.

[0051] S2. Ship operating condition and emission measurement: Before the engine is started, the ship operating condition data and emission data are measured until the engine stops.

[0052] S3. Calculation of localized emission factors: Calculate the localized emission factors using the data in the operating ship operating conditions database and the operating ship emission database.

[0053] The localized emission factors of different components in the exhaust gas include power-based emission factors, fuel consumption-based emission factors and sailing distance-based emission factors. The localized emission factor refers to the coefficient corresponding to the activity level data of the operating ship, which is used to quantify the emissions per unit activity level of the actual operating ship, that is, the calculated power-based emission factor, fuel consumption-based emission factor and sailing distance-based emission factor. Among them, the power-based emission factor refers to the mass of gas emitted per unit power of the engine; the fuel consumption-based emission factor refers to the mass of gas emitted per unit fuel consumption of the engine; the sailing distance-based emission factor refers to the mass of gas emitted per unit sailing distance of the ship.

[0054] The calculation methods for the three types of emission factors are as follows:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, i represents the i-th component in the exhaust gas, EF i P represents the power-based emission factor of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, Ci is the concentration of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, M i is the molar mass of the i-th component, P is the engine power, and GF is the exhaust flow rate;

[0059] EF i F represents the emission factor based on fuel consumption of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, FC is the fuel consumption;

[0060] EF i D It represents the emission factor of the i-th component in the exhaust gas based on the sailing distance, and V is the sailing speed.

[0061] In formulas (1)-(3), the engine power P is calculated by the engine speed and torque:

[0062]

[0063] Where n is the engine speed measured by the ECU, and T is the engine torque measured by the ECU.

[0064] The exhaust flow rate GF is calculated based on the measured fuel consumption, fuel composition and exhaust concentration:

[0065]

[0066] Where FC is the fuel consumption, FCC is the carbon content of the fuel, ρ1 is the density of CO2, C1 is the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas, and C2 is the dry CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.

[0067] The localized emission factor testing method for operating ships proposed in the present invention collects ship operating data and emission data in real time through the localized emission factor testing system for operating ships, and then calculates the localized emission factors of operating ships, promotes the refined accounting management of the emission factor database in time and space dimensions, realizes the localization of emission factors of operating ships, continuously improves its accuracy, scientificity and systematicity, and reduces the uncertainty of emission accounting of operating ships.

[0068] The embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation modes, which are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. Under the guidance of the present invention, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention and the claims, all of which are within the protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing localized emission factors of operating ships, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Build a localized emission factor test system to ensure that the test system can collect complete ship operating data and emission data in real time: The test system includes a speedometer, an ECU, an exhaust gas analyzer, a sampling tube, an operating data acquisition module, an emission data acquisition module, an operating ship operating database, and an operating ship emission database; The operating condition data includes the ship speed collected in real time by the speedometer and the engine fuel consumption, engine speed, and engine torque collected in real time by the ECU; The emission data includes gas composition and concentration in the engine exhaust pipe measured by the exhaust gas analyzer through a sampling tube to collect gas in the engine exhaust pipe; The operating data acquisition module is used to collect the operating data collected by the speedometer and the ECU and send them to the operating data database of the operating ships, and the emission data acquisition module is used to collect the emission data collected by the exhaust gas analyzer and send them to the emission database of the operating ships; S2. Ship operating condition and emission measurement: Before the engine is started, the ship operating condition data and emission data are measured until the engine stops; S3. Calculation of localized emission factors: Calculate the localized emission factors based on the data in the operating ship operating condition database and the operating ship emission database; the localized emission factors include emission factors based on power, emission factors based on fuel consumption and emission factors based on sailing distance. The calculation methods of the three types of emission factors are as follows: In the formula, i represents the i-th component in the exhaust gas, represents the power-based emission factor of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, C i is the concentration of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, M i is the molar mass of the i-th component, P is the engine power, and GF is the exhaust flow rate; represents the emission factor based on fuel consumption of the i-th component in the exhaust gas, FC is the fuel consumption; It represents the emission factor of the i-th component in the exhaust gas based on the sailing distance, and V is the sailing speed.

2. The method for testing the localized emission factors of operating ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust gas analyzer can measure O2, CO, CO2, NO x and SO2 gas concentrations.

3. The method for testing the localized emission factors of operating ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the installation of the exhaust gas analyzer and the sampling tube includes: (1) Selection of the measuring point of the exhaust gas analyzer: Install the sampling tube vertically behind the outlet of the engine turbocharger and at a distance of 10 exhaust pipe diameters or more from the outlet; (2) Fixing and sealing of the measuring point: To avoid the influence of the vibration of the ship's engine room on the sampling tube, the sampling tube needs to be fixed; to avoid the gap between the sampling tube and the engine exhaust pipe affecting the measurement, the gap between the sampling tube and the engine exhaust pipe is sealed with high temperature resistant materials; the sampling tube is sealed and connected to the exhaust gas analyzer; (3) Calibration and preheating of the exhaust gas analyzer: In order to ensure the accuracy of exhaust gas measurement, various standard gases are required to calibrate the ranges of various sensors in the exhaust gas analyzer before formal measurement. Before the measurement system is installed, the exhaust gas analyzer is preheated to ensure that the sensors in the instrument can operate stably.

4. The method for testing the localized emission factors of operating ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The engine power P is calculated from the engine speed and torque: Where n is the engine speed measured by the ECU, and T is the engine torque measured by the ECU.

5. The method for testing the localized emission factors of operating ships according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust flow rate GF is calculated based on the measured fuel consumption, fuel composition and exhaust concentration: Where FC is the fuel consumption, FCC is the carbon content of the fuel, ρ1 is the density of CO2, C1 is the CO2 concentration in the exhaust gas, and C2 is the dry CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.

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