Additive and subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts

Abstract

This invention relates to an additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for producing graded functional parts. The equipment comprises two powder feeder assemblies mounted on a process housing, with a laser output position located between them. A powder scraping mechanism and a moving mechanism are located at the upper end of the frame. The powder scraping mechanism is situated in the processing area on the upper table of the frame, and a worktable is housed within a worktable through-hole on the worktable surface. A sealed box is located within the frame, containing a worktable lifting mechanism. The worktable is raised and lowered via this mechanism. A flip-type powder guide sleeve is located on the underside of the powder feeder assembly closer to the moving mechanism, while a fixed powder guide sleeve is located on the underside of the powder feeder assembly furthest from the moving mechanism. After the flip-type powder guide sleeve is flipped open, a cutting device is driven by the moving mechanism to enter the area above the processing zone. This invention enables alternating additive and subtractive processes to complete the additive-subtractive composite machining of parts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of graded function parts manufacturing technology, specifically to an additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded function parts. Background Technology

[0002] The fabrication of graded functional components is a current hot topic in composite material research. By changing the composition materials of different parts of the component, the local properties of the component are enhanced, while the overall performance of the component is also optimized. For example, when manufacturing artificial bones, titanium alloy is used for the outer part of the bone and polymer material is used for the inner part. In this way, the bone can have the advantages of being strong, lightweight and shock-absorbing at the same time.

[0003] Selective laser melting (SLM) is an important additive manufacturing technology, which is mostly used for near-forming of small and medium-sized complex parts. If there are high requirements for the forming accuracy and surface quality of the parts, subsequent subtractive processing is required. Currently, SLM technology has been applied in aerospace, mold manufacturing, biomedicine and other fields.

[0004] However, current technologies typically process parts on different manufacturing platforms in an additive manufacturing process followed by a subtractive manufacturing process. This not only increases the difficulty of processing but also involves multiple transfers and repeated clamping and alignment of the parts, thus increasing manufacturing costs. For example, if a part is required to be wear-resistant and used in applications subject to alternating stress, it needs to have a low surface roughness. In this case, if additive manufacturing is performed first, followed by subtractive manufacturing, machining some complex structures, such as hollow structures, becomes extremely difficult. Furthermore, processing parts on multiple machine tools in an additive-subtractive manufacturing process requires transferring and repeated clamping, which affects processing efficiency and accuracy, further increasing manufacturing costs.

[0005] In addition, existing SLM manufacturing platforms also have problems such as complex feeding and powder spreading device structures and cumbersome implementation processes. Furthermore, due to the complexity and cumbersome nature of the existing SLM manufacturing platform structure and operation process, it is difficult to integrate it with the subtractive manufacturing mechanism to form an integrated additive and subtractive manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide an additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts. The entire equipment is integrated and can perform additive and subtractive processes alternately to complete the additive-subtractive composite processing of the entire part. During processing, additive and subtractive operations can be automatically switched, and the part remains in place without multiple transfers and repeated clamping, thereby improving the processing efficiency, processing quality and automation level of graded functional parts.

[0007] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0008] A composite manufacturing equipment for producing graded functional parts includes a frame and a process box mounted on the frame. The process box houses a laser generating assembly and two powder feeder assemblies, with the laser output of the laser generating assembly positioned between the two powder feeder assemblies. The upper end of the frame is equipped with a powder scraping mechanism and a moving mechanism for driving a cutting device. The powder scraping mechanism is located in the processing area on the upper table of the frame and includes a reciprocating powder scraper seat. The powder scraper seat has a powder groove on its upper side and a scraper blade on its lower side. The processing area table surface has a worktable through-hole, and a worktable is disposed within the worktable through-hole. The frame is equipped with a sealed box, and the sealed box is equipped with a worktable lifting mechanism. The worktable is driven to rise and fall by the worktable lifting mechanism. The powder feeder assembly closer to the moving mechanism has a flip-type powder guide sleeve on its lower side, and the powder feeder assembly farther from the moving mechanism has a fixed powder guide sleeve on its lower side. The flip-type powder guide sleeve has a guide sleeve flipping section that can be flipped open upwards. After the guide sleeve flipping section is flipped open, the cutting device is driven to enter the area above the processing area by the moving mechanism. The flip-type powder guide sleeve, the fixed powder guide sleeve, the moving mechanism, and the powder scraping mechanism are all located in the process box.

[0009] Both the flip-type powder guide sleeve and the fixed powder guide sleeve are flat, and the processing area is isolated from other spaces inside the process box by the flip-type powder guide sleeve and the fixed powder guide sleeve.

[0010] The flip-type powder guide sleeve includes a guide sleeve flipping section, a flipping motor, and a guide sleeve fixing section. The upper end of the guide sleeve fixing section is fixedly connected to the lower end of the corresponding powder feeder assembly. The lower end of the guide sleeve fixing section is hinged to the flip-type powder guide sleeve through a rotating shaft. The flipping motor is located outside the guide sleeve fixing section and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft.

[0011] The powder feeder assembly includes a powder feeder, a powder feeding box, a powder mixing trough, and a vibration motor. The powder feeding box is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a powder feeder fixing plate. Each powder feeder is located in the upper cavity and fixed to the powder feeder fixing plate. The powder mixing trough and the vibration motor are located in the lower cavity. The lower side of the powder mixing trough is connected to the bottom plate of the powder feeding box by a spring. The vibration motor is located on one side of the powder mixing trough. An output control valve is located on the lower side of the powder mixing trough. A powder outlet is located on the lower side of the powder feeding box, and the output control valve is located above the powder outlet.

[0012] The moving mechanism includes an X-axis slide, an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis slide, a Y-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis slide, and a Z-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis slide is slidably connected to the upper end of the frame and driven to move along the X-axis by the X-axis drive mechanism located on the upper end of the frame. The Y-axis slide is slidably connected to the X-axis slide and driven to move along the Y-axis by the Y-axis drive mechanism located on the X-axis slide. The Z-axis slide is slidably connected to the Y-axis slide and driven to move up and down along the Z-axis by the Z-axis drive mechanism located on the Y-axis slide. The cutting device is located on the Z-axis slide. A powder suction assembly is provided on one side of the Z-axis slide. The powder suction assembly includes a powder suction pipe and a suction pipe lifting cylinder, and the powder suction pipe is driven by the suction pipe lifting cylinder.

[0013] The X-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis motor, an X-axis lead screw, and an X-axis lead screw nut. The X-axis motor and lead screw are both located on the upper end of the frame, and the X-axis lead screw is driven to rotate by the X-axis motor. The X-axis lead screw nut is located in the X-axis slide and fitted onto the X-axis lead screw. The Y-axis drive mechanism includes a Y-axis motor, a Y-axis lead screw, and a Y-axis lead screw nut. The Y-axis motor and lead screw are located on the X-axis slide, and the Y-axis lead screw is driven to rotate by the Y-axis motor. The Y-axis lead screw nut is located in the Y-axis slide and fitted onto the Y-axis lead screw. The Z-axis drive mechanism includes a Z-axis motor, a Z-axis lifting transmission assembly, a Z-axis lead screw, and a Z-axis lead screw nut. The Z-axis motor, Z-axis lifting transmission assembly, and Z-axis lead screw are all located on the Y-axis slide, and the Z-axis lead screw is driven to rotate by the Z-axis motor. The Z-axis motor transmits torque through the Z-axis lifting transmission assembly. The Z-axis lead screw nut is located in the Z-axis slide and fitted onto the Z-axis lead screw.

[0014] The powder scraping mechanism includes a powder scraping seat, a powder scraping drive belt, and a powder scraping mechanism frame. The powder scraping mechanism frame is located on the upper end of the machine frame, and the interior of the powder scraping mechanism frame forms the processing area. Two powder scraping drive belts are respectively located on both sides of the powder scraping mechanism frame, and the two ends of the powder scraping seat are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding powder scraping drive belts. Both ends of the powder scraping drive belt are provided with powder scraping pulleys, and the powder scraping pulley at either end of the powder scraping drive belt is driven to rotate by a powder scraping drive motor. The side of the scraper seat is provided with a scraper clamp, and the scraper clamp contains a scraper for scraping the upper surface of the powder layer.

[0015] The workbench lifting mechanism includes a workbench lifting motor, a lifting screw, a lifting nut, a lifting seat, a workbench support column, and a mounting box. The mounting box includes a first box, a second box, and a third box. The first box is located on one side of the second box, and the third box is located on the upper end of the second box. The workbench lifting motor is located on the upper end of the first box. The lifting screw and the lifting seat are located inside the first box, and the two sides of the lifting seat are slidably connected to the first box. The lifting screw is driven to rotate by the workbench lifting motor. The lifting nut is fitted onto the lifting screw and located in the lifting seat. The workbench support column moves up and down along the third box and the second box, and the lower end of the workbench support column is bent and fixedly connected to the lifting seat. The workbench is located on the upper end of the workbench support column.

[0016] The processing area has a workbench guide channel and a powder container on the underside of the table surface, with two powder containers located on either side of the workbench guide channel. The workbench moves up and down along the workbench guide channel. The processing area has a workbench through hole and a powder through hole on the table surface, with two powder through holes located on either side of the workbench through hole. The workbench through hole communicates with the workbench guide channel and with the powder container on the corresponding side.

[0017] The upper end of the frame is provided with a tool magazine, which is located on the side of the powder scraping mechanism near the moving mechanism. The tool magazine includes a base frame and multiple tool support plates on the base frame, with the tools respectively mounted on the corresponding tool support plates.

[0018] The advantages and positive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention integrates a powder feeder assembly, a laser generator assembly, a powder scraping mechanism, and a moving mechanism with a cutting device into one unit to achieve additive and subtractive material processing. The laser output position of the laser generator assembly is located between two powder feeder assemblies. The powder feeder assembly closer to the moving mechanism has a flip-type powder guide sleeve on its lower side, while the powder feeder assembly farther from the moving mechanism has a fixed powder guide sleeve on its lower side. The flip-type and fixed powder guide sleeves separate the upper part of the processing area from other parts inside the process box. After the powder scraping mechanism and the laser generator assembly complete the additive forming operation on the surface of the part, the flip-type powder guide sleeve can be flipped upward to open, allowing the moving mechanism to drive the cutting device to enter the upper part of the processing area to perform subtractive material processing on the surface of the part. This invention completes the additive and subtractive composite processing of the entire part by alternating the above-mentioned additive and subtractive processes, and the additive and subtractive operations can be automatically switched, thereby improving the processing efficiency, processing quality, and equipment automation level of graded function parts.

[0020] 2. The entire equipment of the present invention is an integrated unit, and the parts are always on the worktable during processing. The height of the worktable can be adjusted by raising and lowering it according to processing needs to meet the requirements of different powder layer laying and processing. Therefore, there is no need to transfer the parts on multiple machine tools and repeatedly clamp them as in the prior art. This further ensures the processing efficiency and processing quality of the present invention.

[0021] 3. The moving mechanism of the present invention adopts a lead screw and lead nut structure to realize the movement and adjustment of the cutting device in the X, Y and Z directions, thereby accurately positioning the cutting device to ensure that the position of the cutting device after input from the side of the flip-type powder guide sleeve is accurate, and thus ensuring the accurate position of the powder layer processing.

[0022] 4. The powder scraping mechanism of the present invention achieves the laying of powders of different materials by reciprocating the powder scraping seat to cooperate with the powder feeder assemblies on both sides. In addition, the flip-type powder guide sleeve flips open to allow the cutting device to enter the upper part of the processing area, and the worktable lifts and lowers to adjust the height of the parts, thus making it possible to alternate between additive and subtractive processes.

[0023] 5. The frame of this invention is equipped with a sealed box, and the sealed box is equipped with a worktable lifting mechanism for driving the worktable to rise and fall to meet the requirements of different powder layer laying and processing on the surface of the parts. At the same time, the worktable lifting mechanism, including the worktable lifting motor, lifting screw, lifting nut, lifting seat, worktable support column, and other components, is integrated into a mounting box formed by the combination of three boxes. In this way, the worktable lifting mechanism can be transferred and installed as a whole, so as to ensure that the worktable can be aligned with the worktable through hole in the middle of the processing area to achieve vertical lifting.

[0024] 6. The present invention provides a workbench guide channel on the underside of the workbench surface in the processing area, and the workbench moves vertically along the workbench guide channel to ensure part positioning. Powder containers are provided on both sides of the workbench guide channel, and the workbench through holes on the workbench surface of the processing area are connected to the workbench guide channel. The powder through holes on the workbench surface of the processing area are connected to the powder containers on the corresponding sides. In this way, before each layer is laid, the excess powder from the previous layer can be discharged into the powder containers on the corresponding sides through the powder through holes on the corresponding sides, thereby ensuring the forming quality of each layer of powder.

[0025] 7. This invention can manufacture gradient functional parts with various material combinations according to actual needs, greatly improving its applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate process box.

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Front view of the powder feeder assembly on the side furthest from the laser.

[0029] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Left view of the powder feeder assembly.

[0030] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Front view of the powder feeder assembly near the laser.

[0031] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Left view of the powder feeder assembly.

[0032] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the flip-type powder guide sleeve in its flipped-open state.

[0033] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the powder feeder assembly in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 9 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention after removing the process box.

[0035] Figure 10 for Figure 9 An enlarged diagram of China Mobile's organizational structure.

[0036] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Another perspective of China Mobile's organizational structure.

[0037] Figure 12 for Figure 9 Enlarged schematic diagram of the powder scraping mechanism.

[0038] Figure 13 for Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the tool magazine structure.

[0039] Figure 14 for Figure 9 View A in the middle,

[0040] Figure 15 for Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism of the worktable inside the central sealing box.

[0041] Figure 16 for Figure 15 View B in the middle,

[0042] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the invention. Figure 1 ,

[0043] Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the invention. Figure 2 ,

[0044] Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the invention. Figure 3 ,

[0045] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the invention. Figure 4 ,

[0046] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the invention. Figure 5 ,

[0047] Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the working principle of the invention. Figure 6 .

[0048] Among them, 1 is the process box, 2 is the frame, 201 is the support platform, 202 is the column, 203 is the base, 3 is the powder feeder assembly, 301 is the powder feeder, 302 is the powder feeding box, 303 is the powder feeder fixing plate, 304 is the powder mixing tank, 305 is the spring, 306 is the output control valve, 307 is the powder outlet, 308 is the vibration motor, 4 is the flip-type powder guide sleeve, 401 is the guide sleeve flip section, 402 is the flip motor, 403 is the guide sleeve fixing section, 5 is the laser, 6 is the laser galvanometer, 7 is the moving mechanism, 701 is the X-axis motor, 702 is the X-axis lead screw, 703 is the X-axis slide, 7031 is the X-axis slider, 7032 is the Y-axis guide rail, 704 is the Y-axis lead screw, 705 is the Y-axis motor, 706 is the Z-axis slide, 707 is the Z-axis motor, and 708 is the Z-axis lifting transmission assembly. 709 is the Z-guide rail, 710 is the cutting device, 711 is the powder suction pipe, 712 is the suction pipe lifting cylinder, 8 is the worktable lifting mechanism, 801 is the worktable lifting motor, 802 is the first housing, 803 is the worktable support column, 804 is the third housing, 805 is the second housing, 806 is the lifting seat, 807 is the lifting screw, 808 is the worktable lifting guide rail, 9 is the powder scraping mechanism, 901 is the powder scraping drive belt, 902 is the powder scraping seat, 903 is the scraper, 904 is the powder scraping mechanism frame, 905 is the powder scraping pulley, 10 is the worktable, 11 is the tool magazine, 1101 is the base frame, 1102 is the tool support plate, 1103 is the tool, 12 is the processing area, 13 is the sealing box, 14 is the fixed powder guide sleeve, 15 is the powder through hole, 16 is the powder container, and 17 is the worktable guide channel. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] like Figures 1-22As shown, the present invention includes a frame 2 and a process housing 1 disposed on the frame 2, wherein the process housing 1 is provided with a laser generating assembly and two powder feeder assemblies 3, and as... Figure 1 and Figures 17-22 As shown, the laser output position of the laser generating component is located between the two powder feeder components 3, as follows. Figure 9 As shown, the upper end of the frame 2 is provided with a moving mechanism 7 and a powder scraping mechanism 9, and the moving mechanism 7 is provided with a cutting device 710. The powder scraping mechanism 9 is located at the processing area 12 on the upper table of the frame 2, as shown. Figure 12 As shown, the powder scraping mechanism 9 includes a reciprocating powder scraper seat 902, and the powder scraper seat 902 has a powder groove on its upper side and a scraper 903 on its lower side, as shown. Figure 9 As shown, the processing area 12 has a workbench through hole in the center of the table surface, and a workbench 10 is installed inside the workbench through hole. A sealed box 13 is installed inside the frame 2, and a workbench lifting mechanism 8 is installed inside the sealed box 13. The workbench 10 is driven to rise and fall by the workbench lifting mechanism 8. Figures 3-7 and Figures 17-22 As shown, a flip-type powder guide sleeve 4 is provided on the lower side of the powder feeder assembly 3 near the moving mechanism 7, and a fixed powder guide sleeve 14 is provided on the lower side of the powder feeder assembly 3 away from the moving mechanism 7. The flip-type powder guide sleeve 4, the fixed powder guide sleeve 14, the moving mechanism 7 and the powder scraping mechanism 9 are all located in the process box 1.

[0051] like Figures 1-2 As shown, in this embodiment, the laser generating assembly includes a laser 5 and a laser galvanometer 6, wherein the laser galvanometer 6 is disposed between the two powder feeder assemblies 3, and the laser emitted by the laser 5 is reflected by the laser galvanometer 6 and then enters the processing area 12. Both the laser 5 and the laser galvanometer 6 are technologies known in the art and are commercially available products.

[0052] like Figures 1-2 As shown in this embodiment, the process chamber 1 is equipped with an air filling pipeline. The process chamber 1 is sealed inside. Before processing, argon gas needs to be filled into the process chamber 1 to expel the air. Processing can only be carried out after the oxygen content in the process chamber 1 drops to the allowable value of the process.

[0053] like Figures 3-7 As shown, in this embodiment, both the flip-type powder guide sleeve 4 and the fixed powder guide sleeve 14 are flat to isolate the area above the processing area 12 from other spaces inside the process box 1. Figures 5-7As shown, in this embodiment, the flip-type powder guide sleeve 4 includes a guide sleeve flipping section 401, a flipping motor 402, and a guide sleeve fixing section 403. The upper end of the guide sleeve fixing section 403 is fixedly connected to the powder outlet 307 at the lower end of the corresponding powder feeder assembly 3. The lower end of the guide sleeve fixing section 403 is hinged to the flip-type powder guide sleeve 4 via a rotating shaft. The flipping motor 402 is located outside the guide sleeve fixing section 403 and fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The flipping motor 402 drives the rotating shaft to rotate, thereby driving the guide sleeve flipping section 401 to flip outwards and open. Additionally, as shown... Figure 8 As shown, the powder feeder assembly 3 is provided with an output control valve 306 at its lower end to control the powder output. When the output control valve 306 is closed, the flip motor 402 is started again to drive the guide sleeve flip section 401 to flip upward and open, so as to ensure that there is no powder leakage.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, each of the two powder feeder assemblies 3 is provided with a powder feeder 301, and the lower end of the powder feeder 301 is connected to a corresponding powder guide sleeve. The powder feeders 301 of the two powder feeder assemblies 3 can respectively hold different types of powder. Figure 8 As shown, in another embodiment of the present invention, considering the need for powder mixing during processing, such as to achieve a certain intermediate property of two materials in a certain area of ​​a part or to gradually transition between different properties, multiple powder feeders 301 can be provided inside the powder feeder assembly 3 in this embodiment. Figure 8As shown, the powder feeder assembly 3 includes a powder feeder 301, a powder feeding box 302, a powder mixing trough 304, and a vibration motor 308. The powder feeding box 302 is divided into an upper and lower mounting cavities by a powder feeder fixing plate 303. Each powder feeder 301 is located in the upper cavity and fixed to the powder feeder fixing plate 303. The powder mixing trough 304 and the vibration motor 308 are both located in the lower cavity. The lower side of the powder mixing trough 304 is connected to the bottom plate of the powder feeding box 302 by a spring 305. The vibration motor 308 is located on one side of the powder mixing trough 304. The powder from each powder feeder 301 falls into the powder mixing trough 304, and then the powder is mixed... The mixing tank 304 is driven by the vibration motor 308 to vibrate and mix the powder. An output control valve 306 is located on the lower side of the mixing tank 304, and a powder outlet 307 is located on the lower side of the powder feeding box 302. The output control valve 306 is positioned above the powder outlet 307. After the powder is mixed, the output control valve 306 opens, allowing the powder to exit from the powder outlet 307 on the lower side of the powder feeding box 302 and enter the corresponding powder guide sleeve. An openable sealing door is located on the upper side of the powder feeding box 302. Opening the sealing door allows powder to be added to each powder feeder 301. This powder feeder assembly 3 can provide powder raw materials with any mixing ratio. Both the powder feeder 301 and the vibration motor 308 are technologies known in the art and are commercially available products.

[0055] like Figures 9-11 As shown, in this embodiment, the moving mechanism 7 includes an X-axis slide 703, an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis slide, a Y-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis slide 706, and a Z-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis slide 703 is slidably connected to the upper end of the frame 2 and is driven to move along the X-axis by the X-axis drive mechanism located on the upper end of the frame 2. The Y-axis slide is slidably connected to the X-axis slide 703 and is driven to move along the Y-axis by the Y-axis drive mechanism located on the X-axis slide 703. The Z-axis slide 706 is slidably connected to the Y-axis slide and is driven to move up and down along the Z-axis by the Z-axis drive mechanism located on the Y-axis slide. The cutting device 710 is located on the Z-axis slide 706.

[0056] like Figures 9-11As shown, in this embodiment, the X-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis motor 701, an X-axis lead screw 702, and an X-axis lead screw nut. The X-axis motor 701 and the X-axis lead screw 702 are both located on the upper end of the frame 2. The X-axis lead screw 702 is driven to rotate by the X-axis motor 701. The X-axis lead screw nut is located in the X-axis slide 703 and is fitted onto the X-axis lead screw 702. The rotation of the X-axis lead screw 702 drives the X-axis lead screw nut to move, thereby driving the X-axis slide 703 to move. In addition, in this embodiment, X-axis guide rails are provided on both sides of the upper end of the frame 2. X-axis sliders 7031 are provided on the lower sides of both ends of the X-axis slide 703. The X-axis sliders 7031 cooperate with the X-axis guide rails on the corresponding sides to realize the sliding connection between the X-axis slide 703 and the upper end of the frame 2.

[0057] like Figures 9-11 As shown, in this embodiment, the Y-axis drive mechanism includes a Y-axis motor 705, a Y-axis lead screw 704, and a Y-axis lead screw nut. The Y-axis motor 705 and the Y-axis lead screw 704 are mounted on the X-axis slide block 703, and the Y-axis lead screw 704 is driven to rotate by the Y-axis motor 705. The Y-axis lead screw nut is located in the Y-axis slide block and is fitted onto the Y-axis lead screw 704. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the X-axis slide block 703 has Y-axis guide rails 7032 on both its upper and lower sides, and Y-axis sliders at both its upper and lower ends. The Y-axis sliders cooperate with the corresponding Y-axis guide rails 7032 to achieve a sliding connection between the Y-axis slide block and the X-axis slide block 703.

[0058] like Figures 9-11 As shown, in this embodiment, the Z-axis drive mechanism includes a Z-axis motor 707, a Z-axis lifting transmission assembly 708, a Z-axis lead screw, and a Z-axis lead screw nut. The Z-axis motor 707, Z-axis lifting transmission assembly 708, and Z-axis lead screw are all mounted on the Y-axis slide block. The Z-axis lead screw is driven to rotate by the Z-axis motor 707, and the Z-axis motor 707 transmits torque through the Z-axis lifting transmission assembly 708. The Z-axis lead screw nut is located in the Z-axis slide block 706 and fitted onto the Z-axis lead screw. Furthermore, in this embodiment, vertical Z-axis guide rails 709 are provided on both sides of the Y-axis slide block, and Z-axis sliders are provided on both sides of the Z-axis slide block 706. The Z-axis sliders respectively cooperate with the corresponding Z-axis guide rails 709 to achieve a sliding connection between the Z-axis slide block 706 and the Y-axis slide block.

[0059] like Figures 10-11 As shown in this embodiment, the Z-axis lifting transmission assembly is a synchronous belt transmission assembly, which includes a driving pulley, a driven pulley, and a transmission belt. The driving pulley is located on the output shaft of the Z-axis motor 707, and the driven pulley is located at the end of the Z-axis lead screw shaft. The driving pulley and the driven pulley are connected by the transmission belt.

[0060] like Figure 11As shown, in this embodiment, a powder suction assembly is provided on one side of the Z-axis slide 706. The powder suction assembly includes a powder suction tube 711 and a suction tube lifting cylinder 712, as shown... Figure 19 As shown, when cutting and shearing operations are performed, the powder suction pipe 711 is driven to descend by the suction pipe lifting cylinder 712 to suck away the debris and powder generated during cutting. The upper end of the powder suction pipe 711 is connected to a vacuum device through a pipeline to realize the powder suction operation. The vacuum device can be set on the Z-axis slide 706 or other suitable positions.

[0061] like Figure 12 As shown, in this embodiment, the powder scraping mechanism 9 includes a powder scraping seat 902, a powder scraping drive belt 901, and a powder scraping mechanism frame 904. The powder scraping mechanism frame 904 is located on the upper end of the frame 2, and the interior of the powder scraping mechanism frame 904 encloses the processing area 12. Two powder scraping drive belts 901 are respectively located on both sides of the powder scraping mechanism frame 904, and both ends of the powder scraping seat 902 are fixedly connected to the corresponding powder scraping drive belts 901. Both ends of the powder scraping drive belt 901 are provided with powder scraping pulleys 905, and the powder scraping pulley 905 at either end of the powder scraping drive belt 901 is connected to the powder scraping drive belt 901 via a powder scraping drive belt. The motor drives the rotation, which in turn drives the scraper drive belt 901 to rotate. The two scraper drive belts 901 rotate synchronously, which drives the scraper seat 902 to move. The scraper seat 902 is provided with a scraper clamp on its side. The scraper clamp is provided with a scraper 903 for scraping the upper surface of the powder layer. When spreading powder, the powder falls from the powder guide sleeve at the lower end of the powder feeder assembly 3 on the corresponding side into the powder groove on the upper side of the scraper seat 902. As the scraper seat 902 moves, the powder in the powder groove is gradually output from the lower side of the scraper seat 902, and the scraper 903 smooths the output powder as the scraper seat 902 moves.

[0062] like Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper end of the frame 2 is provided with a blade magazine 11, and the blade magazine 11 is located on the side of the powder scraping mechanism 9 near the moving mechanism 7, as shown. Figure 13 As shown, the tool magazine 11 includes a base frame 1101 and multiple tool support plates 1102 mounted on the base frame 1101. Tools 1103 are respectively mounted on their corresponding tool support plates 1102. Thus, when the moving mechanism 7 drives the cutting device 710 to move above the tool magazine 11, the cutting device 710 can perform tool changing operations according to machining needs. The cutting device 710 is a well-known technology in the art and a commercially available product; for example, it can adopt the structure of the cutting robot in patent 201710353639.1.

[0063] like Figure 14 As shown, the frame 2 is equipped with a sealed box 13, and the sealed box 13 is equipped with a worktable lifting mechanism 8, such as... Figures 15-16As shown, in this embodiment, the workbench lifting mechanism 8 includes a workbench lifting motor 801, a lifting screw 807, a lifting nut, a lifting seat 806, a workbench support column 803, and a mounting box. The lifting screw 807 and the lifting seat 806 are both housed within the mounting box, and the two sides of the lifting seat 806 are slidably connected to the mounting box. The lifting nut is fitted onto the lifting screw 807 and is located within the lifting seat 806. The workbench lifting motor 801 is located on the upper side of the mounting box, and the lifting screw 807 is driven to rotate by the workbench lifting motor 801. The workbench support column 803 is fixedly connected to the lifting seat 806, and the workbench 10 is located on the upper end of the workbench support column 803. The lifting seat 806 then drives the workbench 10 to rise and fall via the workbench support column 803.

[0064] like Figure 15 As shown, in this embodiment, the mounting housing includes a first housing 802, a second housing 805, and a third housing 804. The first housing 802 is located on one side of the second housing 805, and the third housing 804 is located on the upper part of the second housing 805. The workbench lifting motor 801 is located on the upper part of the first housing 802. The lifting screw 807 and the lifting seat 806 are located inside the first housing 802. Figure 16 As shown, the first housing 802 has worktable lifting guide rails 808 on both sides, and the lifting seat 806 has worktable lifting sliders on both sides. The worktable lifting sliders are slidably connected to the corresponding worktable lifting guide rails 808. The worktable support column 803 moves up and down along the third housing 804 and the second housing 805, and the lower end of the worktable support column 803 is bent and fixed to the lifting seat 806. The worktable 10 is located on the upper end of the worktable support column 803. The worktable lifting motor 801, lifting screw 807, lifting nut, lifting seat 806, worktable support column 803 and other components are integrated into a mounting box formed by the above three housings. In this way, the worktable lifting mechanism 8 can be transferred and installed as a whole, and the worktable 10 can be vertically lifted and lowered by aligning with the worktable through hole in the middle of the processing area 12.

[0065] like Figure 17 As shown, the processing area 12 has a workbench guide channel 17 and a powder container 16 on the underside of the table surface, with the two powder containers 16 positioned on either side of the workbench guide channel 17. The workbench 10 moves up and down along the workbench guide channel 17. Figure 1As shown, the processing area 12 has a workbench through hole and a powder through hole 15 on its table surface, with the two powder through holes 15 located on both sides of the workbench through hole. The workbench through hole is connected to the workbench guide channel 17, and the powder through hole 15 is connected to the powder container 16 on the corresponding side. In this way, before each layer is laid, the excess powder from the previous layer can be sent through the powder through hole 15 into the powder container 16 on the corresponding side to be discharged, thereby ensuring the forming quality of each layer of powder.

[0066] like Figure 1 and Figure 14 As shown, in this embodiment, the frame 2 includes a support platform 201, a column 202 and a base 203, and the lower side of the support platform 201 is connected to the upper side of the base 203 through the column 202. The process box 1, the moving mechanism 7 and the powder scraping mechanism 9 are all disposed on the support platform 201, and the sealing box 13 is disposed between the support platform 201 and the base 203.

[0067] The working principle of this invention is as follows:

[0068] When this invention is working, as Figure 17 As shown, the powder scraper seat 902 in the powder scraping mechanism 9 is initially located below the powder feeder assembly 3 near the moving mechanism 7 to hold a set amount of first powder. The part is placed in the worktable guide channel 17 and set on the worktable 10, and the upper surface of the part is flush with the surface of the processing area 12. Then, as shown... Figure 18 As shown, the powder scraper 902 moves to the right and uses the scraper 903 to spread the first powder onto the surface of the part until the powder scraper 902 moves to the side away from the moving mechanism 7 and below the powder feeder assembly 3. Then, the laser 5 in the laser generating assembly starts to emit a laser, and the laser reflection angle is adjusted by the laser galvanometer 6 to melt the powder particles at the designated positions on the first powder layer formed after spreading, thus completing the additive manufacturing operation. Then, as shown... Figure 19 As shown, the guide sleeve flipping section 401 of the flipping powder guide sleeve 4 below the powder feeder assembly 3 near the moving mechanism 7 flips upward and opens. The cutting device 710 is driven by the moving mechanism 7 to enter above the processing area 12 and performs cutting on the corresponding position of the first powder layer on the part surface to complete the material reduction operation. During the cutting process, the powder suction pipe 711 is driven downward by the suction pipe lifting cylinder 712 to suck away the debris and powder generated during cutting. After processing, as shown... Figure 20 As shown, the cutting device 710 exits above the processing area 12, and the worktable 10 is adjusted in height as needed by the worktable lifting drive mechanism 8 so that the surface of the part to be covered with the second powder layer is flush with the table surface of the processing area 12. The powder scraper 902 then carries the set amount of second powder output from the powder feeder assembly 3 on the side away from the moving mechanism 7. Once the height of the worktable 10 is adjusted, as shown... Figure 21 As shown, the powder scraper 902 moves to the left and lays the second powder on the surface of the part until the powder scraper 902 moves to the side of the powder feeder assembly 3 near the moving mechanism 7. Then, the laser generating assembly is activated again to emit a laser to melt the powder particles at the designated position on the second powder layer formed after laying, thus completing the additive manufacturing operation. If the layer does not need to be processed, the flip-type powder guide sleeve 4 returns to its original position. If the layer needs to be processed, the cutting device 710 is driven by the moving mechanism 7 to re-enter the processing area 12 above to perform cutting processing on the second powder layer, thus completing the subtractive manufacturing operation. The present invention completes the additive and subtractive composite processing of the entire part by alternating the above additive and subtractive processes.

[0069] This invention can manufacture parts with various material combinations as needed, such as Figures 17-22 In the illustrated application example, the present invention can manufacture parts with different materials at different positions on the same layer (at the same height). In another application example, the present invention can manufacture parts with different materials at different positions on different layers (at different heights). Specifically, a first powder layer is first laid and laser-melted. Then, the guide sleeve flipping section 401 in the flip-type powder guide sleeve 4 below the powder feeder assembly 3 near the moving mechanism 7 flips upward and opens. The cutting device 710 enters above the processing area 12 and performs cutting processing on the corresponding positions of the first powder layer on the part surface. After processing, a second powder layer is laid on the first powder layer and laser-melted and cut. In yet another application example, the present invention can employ... Figure 8 The powder feeder assembly 3 shown can provide powder raw materials with any mixing ratio each time it feeds powder downwards. Using this mixed raw material and following the first two manufacturing processes, the present invention can manufacture parts with different materials (the material has intermediate properties of multiple materials) at any position. For example, material A is very hard and material B is very soft. By mixing the two together and then performing laser forming, parts with medium hardness can be obtained. The specific hardness can be determined according to the mixing ratio. Moreover, the present invention is not limited to mixing two materials, which further improves the applicability of the present invention.

Claims

1. An additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts, characterized in that: The assembly includes a frame (2) and a process box (1) mounted on the frame (2). The process box (1) is equipped with a laser generating component and two powder feeder components (3). The laser output position of the laser generating component is located between the two powder feeder components (3). The upper end of the frame (2) is equipped with a powder scraping mechanism (9) and a moving mechanism (7) for driving the cutting device (710) to move. The powder scraping mechanism (9) is located in the processing area (12) on the upper table of the frame (2). The powder scraping mechanism (9) includes a reciprocating powder scraping seat (902). The powder scraping seat (902) has a powder groove on its upper side and a scraper (903) on its lower side. The processing area (12) has a workbench through hole on its table surface and a workbench (10) is located in the workbench through hole. The frame (2) is equipped with a sealed box (13). The sealed box (13) is equipped with a workbench lifting mechanism (8), and the workbench (10) is driven to lift by the workbench lifting mechanism (8). The powder feeder assembly (3) on the side closer to the moving mechanism (7) is provided with a flip-type powder guide sleeve (4) on the lower side, and the powder feeder assembly (3) on the side away from the moving mechanism (7) is provided with a fixed powder guide sleeve (14) on the lower side. The flip-type powder guide sleeve (4) is provided with a guide sleeve flip section (401) that can be flipped up and opened. After the guide sleeve flip section (401) is flipped up and opened, the cutting device (710) is driven to enter the processing area (12) above by the moving mechanism (7). The flip-type powder guide sleeve (4), the fixed powder guide sleeve (14), the moving mechanism (7) and the powder scraping mechanism (9) are all located in the process box (1). The flip-type powder guide sleeve (4) and the fixed powder guide sleeve (14) are both flat, and the processing area (12) is isolated from other spaces inside the process box (1) by the flip-type powder guide sleeve (4) and the fixed powder guide sleeve (14). The flip-type powder guide sleeve (4) includes a guide sleeve flip section (401), a flip motor (402), and a guide sleeve fixing section (403). The upper end of the guide sleeve fixing section (403) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the corresponding powder feeder assembly (3). The lower end of the guide sleeve fixing section (403) is hinged to the flip-type powder guide sleeve (4) through a rotating shaft. The flip motor (402) is located outside the guide sleeve fixing section (403) and is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The powder feeder assembly (3) includes a powder feeder (301), a powder feeding box (302), a powder mixing trough (304), and a vibration motor (308). The powder feeding box (302) is divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity by a powder feeder fixing plate (303). Each powder feeder (301) is located in the upper cavity and fixed on the powder feeder fixing plate (303). The powder mixing trough (304) and the vibration motor (308) are located in the lower cavity. The lower side of the powder mixing trough (304) is connected to the bottom plate of the powder feeding box (302) by a spring (305). The vibration motor (308) is located on one side of the powder mixing trough (304). An output control valve (306) is located on the lower side of the powder mixing trough (304). A powder outlet (307) is located on the lower side of the powder feeding box (302), and the output control valve (306) is located above the powder outlet (307).

2. The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The moving mechanism (7) includes an X-axis slide (703), an X-axis drive mechanism, a Y-axis slide, a Y-axis drive mechanism, a Z-axis slide (706), and a Z-axis drive mechanism. The X-axis slide (703) is slidably connected to the upper end of the frame (2) and driven to move along the X-axis by the X-axis drive mechanism located on the upper end of the frame (2). The Y-axis slide is slidably connected to the X-axis slide (703) and driven to move along the Y-axis by the Y-axis drive mechanism located on the X-axis slide (703). The Z-axis slide (706) is slidably connected to the Y-axis slide and driven to move up and down along the Z-axis by a Z-axis drive mechanism provided on the Y-axis slide. The cutting device (710) is provided on the Z-axis slide (706). A powder suction assembly is provided on one side of the Z-axis slide (706). The powder suction assembly includes a powder suction tube (711) and a suction tube lifting cylinder (712). The powder suction tube (711) is driven by the suction tube lifting cylinder (712).

3. The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The X-axis drive mechanism includes an X-axis motor (701), an X-axis lead screw (702), and an X-axis lead screw nut. The X-axis motor (701) and the X-axis lead screw (702) are both located on the upper end of the frame (2), and the X-axis lead screw (702) is driven to rotate by the X-axis motor (701). The X-axis lead screw nut is located in the X-axis slide (703) and fitted onto the X-axis lead screw (702). The Y-axis drive mechanism includes a Y-axis motor (705), a Y-axis lead screw (704), and a Y-axis lead screw nut. The Y-axis motor (705) and the Y-axis lead screw (704) are located on the X-axis slide (703), and the X-axis lead screw (705) is driven to rotate by the X-axis motor (701). 4) The rotation is driven by the Y-axis motor (705), and the Y-axis nut is located in the Y-axis slide and mounted on the Y-axis screw (704); the Z-axis drive mechanism includes a Z-axis motor (707), a Z-axis lifting transmission assembly (708), a Z-axis screw and a Z-axis nut, wherein the Z-axis motor (707), the Z-axis lifting transmission assembly (708) and the Z-axis screw are all located on the Y-axis slide, and the Z-axis screw is driven to rotate by the Z-axis motor (707), the Z-axis motor (707) transmits torque through the Z-axis lifting transmission assembly (708), and the Z-axis nut is located in the Z-axis slide (706) and mounted on the Z-axis screw.

4. The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder scraping mechanism (9) includes a powder scraping seat (902), a powder scraping drive belt (901), and a powder scraping mechanism frame (904). The powder scraping mechanism frame (904) is located on the upper end of the frame (2), and the inside of the powder scraping mechanism frame (904) forms the processing area (12). Two powder scraping drive belts (901) are respectively located on both sides of the powder scraping mechanism frame (904), and the two ends of the powder scraping seat (902) are respectively fixedly connected to the corresponding side of the powder scraping drive belt (901). Both ends of the powder scraping drive belt (901) are provided with powder scraping pulleys (905), and the powder scraping pulley (905) at any end of the powder scraping drive belt (901) is driven to rotate by a powder scraping drive motor. The side of the scraper seat (902) is provided with a scraper clamp, and the scraper clamp is provided with a scraper (903) for scraping the upper surface of the powder layer.

5. The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The workbench lifting mechanism (8) includes a workbench lifting motor (801), a lifting screw (807), a lifting nut, a lifting seat (806), a workbench support column (803), and a mounting box. The mounting box includes a first box (802), a second box (805), and a third box (804). The first box (802) is located on one side of the second box (805), and the third box (804) is located on the upper end of the second box (805). The workbench lifting motor (801) is located on the upper end of the first box (802). The lifting screw (807) and the lifting seat (806) are... Inside the first housing (802), and the lifting seat (806) is slidably connected to the first housing (802) on both sides, the lifting screw (807) is driven to rotate by the worktable lifting motor (801), the lifting nut is fitted on the lifting screw (807) and located in the lifting seat (806), the worktable support column (803) moves up and down along the third housing (804) and the second housing (805), and the lower end of the worktable support column (803) is bent and fixedly connected to the lifting seat (806), and the worktable (10) is located on the upper end of the worktable support column (803).

6. The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The processing area (12) has a workbench guide channel (17) and a powder container (16) on the underside of the table surface. The two powder containers (16) are located on both sides of the workbench guide channel (17). The workbench (10) moves up and down along the workbench guide channel (17). The processing area (12) has a workbench through hole and a powder through hole (15) on the table surface. The two powder through holes (15) are located on both sides of the workbench through hole. The workbench through hole is connected to the workbench guide channel (17), and the powder through hole (15) is connected to the powder container (16) on the corresponding side.

7. The additive-subtractive composite manufacturing equipment for manufacturing graded functional parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the frame (2) is provided with a tool magazine (11), and the tool magazine (11) is located on the side of the powder scraping mechanism (9) near the moving mechanism (7). The tool magazine (11) includes a base frame (1101) and multiple tool support plates (1102) on the base frame (1101). The tools (1103) are respectively located on the corresponding tool support plates (1102).

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