A medium-altitude climate chamber for environmental mercury research

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of the distribution and migration law of mercury in specific ecosystem and climate environment, in particular to a middle universe climate chamber for environmental mercury research. The climate chamber is light-transmitting, and the inner wall is covered with Teflon film, and potting plants to be measured can be placed in the climate chamber. The climate chamber has a ventilation inlet and a ventilation outlet. A mercury input system is connected with the ventilation inlet, and comprises a first air pump, a mercury treatment tank, a mercury generating device, a three-way valve and a first stop valve. A mercury collection system is connected with the ventilation outlet, and comprises a second stop valve, a mercury enrichment pipe, a first mass flow controller and a second air pump. The mercury input and collection systems are detachably arranged, and are used for controlling the mercury entering and discharging from the climate chamber. The device can simulate climate conditions, realize long-term continuous and stable automatic quantitative addition of mercury and its isotopes, and realize the key environmental process research of the mercury in the natural environment samples in the climate chamber under the condition of no damage and little disturbance, so as to better study the migration and transformation behavior of mercury in the environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mercury distribution and migration patterns under specific ecosystems and climates, specifically to a medium-space climate chamber for environmental mercury research. Background Technology

[0002] Mercury is a toxic heavy metal that exists as a liquid at room temperature and pressure. It has a high vapor pressure and is widely present in the Earth's surface environment, including the atmosphere, water bodies, rocks, soil, and organisms, posing a significant risk to the ecological environment and human health. Due to limitations in mercury measurement technology, it is currently impossible to quantitatively or qualitatively measure the important migration and transformation processes of mercury in the environment, which restricts the research and understanding of mercury's biogeochemical cycle. To better study the cycling mechanisms of mercury under specific climatic and environmental conditions, mesocosmic experiments applicable to different ecosystems and climatic environments are needed. Mesocosmic experiments are near-natural devices that simulate various ecosystems such as rivers, oceans, wetlands, and forests, allowing control of physical and chemical elements and climatic environmental conditions for studying various climatic ecology and environmental processes. However, the current lack of mesocosmic experimental devices and technologies suitable for mercury environmental research severely limits the study of mercury environmental processes and biogeochemical cycles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop better mesocosmic experimental devices and technologies that more closely approximate natural environmental conditions for application in the study of mercury environmental processes.

[0003] Currently, mesospheric experimental devices and technologies used for simulating natural environmental and climatic conditions in ecological research mainly focus on carbon and nitrogen cycles and hydrothermal processes. However, mesospheric experimental devices and technologies for environmental mercury research have not yet been fully developed and applied. Traditional mercury environmental process simulation and control experiments primarily rely on small devices, such as flux boxes and flux bags. These devices have very limited space (less than 0.1 cubic meters), allowing only localized soil mercury flux control experiments or environmental control experiments on plants or even vegetation branches less than 0.5 meters in height. This cannot support in-depth research on atmospheric mercury flux, plant absorption and migration processes, soil mercury migration, transformation and release, and the exchange between atmospheric mercury and vegetation / soil interfaces. Another existing technological solution is to construct greenhouses, but their poor airtightness makes it impossible to precisely control conditions such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, atmospheric component concentration, and mercury concentration, thus hindering accurate experimental research. Furthermore, because mercury is easily adsorbed by metals and plastics, environmental mercury control devices require the use of special materials such as Teflon and borosilicate glass; however, existing non-mercury-absorbing materials do not meet the requirements for greenhouse construction. Furthermore, the construction of greenhouses involves a large amount of engineering work, high costs, and a large land area, making them difficult to flexibly apply to various experimental environments and climatic conditions. Existing environmental mercury research experimental facilities and greenhouses typically require high-power electricity (220V or higher), but such power is difficult to obtain or provide under many field conditions, severely limiting the application and implementation of existing technical solutions.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a medium-space experimental device and technology suitable for the study of mercury environmental processes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] (a) Technical problems to be solved

[0006] This invention addresses the above-mentioned problems by proposing a medium-space climate chamber for environmental mercury research. Its purpose is to solve the technical problems that current small-scale experimental control devices cannot simulate and study the complex migration and transformation processes of mercury in environmental media such as atmosphere, soil and vegetation; greenhouses cannot provide accurate experimental conditions and are costly and inconvenient for mobile applications; and field and in-situ experiments lack power supply.

[0007] (II) Technical Solution

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a medium-space climate chamber for environmental mercury research, comprising:

[0009] The climate chamber allows light to pass through, and the inner wall of the climate chamber is covered with a Teflon film. The interior of the climate chamber can be used to place potted plants to be tested or to grow plants to be tested. The climate chamber is also equipped with a ventilation inlet and a ventilation outlet.

[0010] A mercury input system connected to the ventilation inlet includes a first air pump, a mercury treatment tank, a mercury generator, a three-way valve, and a first shut-off valve. The outlet of the first air pump is connected to the inlet of the mercury treatment tank, the outlet of the mercury treatment tank is connected to the first inlet of the three-way valve, the outlet of the mercury generator is connected to the second inlet of the three-way valve, the outlet of the three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the first shut-off valve, and the outlet of the first shut-off valve is connected to the ventilation inlet of the climate chamber.

[0011] A mercury collection system connected to the ventilation outlet includes a second shut-off valve, a mercury enrichment pipe, a first mass flow controller, and a second air pump. The inlet of the second shut-off valve is connected to the outlet of the climate chamber, the outlet of the second shut-off valve is connected to the inlet of the mercury enrichment pipe, the outlet of the mercury enrichment pipe is connected to the inlet of the first mass flow controller, the outlet of the first mass flow controller is connected to the inlet of the second air pump, and the outlet of the second air pump is connected to the outside air.

[0012] The mercury enrichment tube, the second shut-off valve, and the first mass flow controller are all detachable. The first mass flow controller and the second air pump are also detachable.

[0013] Furthermore, the climate chamber is made of tempered glass that is transparent on the sides, bottom, and top.

[0014] Furthermore, the climate chamber has a water inlet and a gas composition measuring port on its top. The water inlet is used to connect to an external water supply system, and the gas composition measuring port is used to connect to a measuring instrument.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom of the climate chamber has a soil pore water infiltration outlet.

[0016] Furthermore, the mercury generating device includes a borosilicate glass bottle, a water tank, and a second mass flow controller. The borosilicate glass bottle is installed in the water tank and contains elemental liquid mercury. The outlet of the borosilicate glass bottle is connected to the inlet of the second mass flow controller, and the outlet of the second mass flow controller is connected to the second inlet of the three-way valve. A temperature sensor is installed in the water tank and is connected to the second mass flow controller.

[0017] Furthermore, the mercury generating device includes a borosilicate glass bottle, a peristaltic pump, and a gas-liquid separator. The borosilicate glass bottle is used to hold a mercury standard solution and a stannous chloride solution. The outlet of the borosilicate glass bottle is connected to the inlet of the peristaltic pump, the outlet of the peristaltic pump is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the second inlet of the three-way valve.

[0018] Furthermore, fans are provided at the air inlet of the climate chamber from the first shut-off valve and at the air outlet of the climate chamber from the second shut-off valve.

[0019] Furthermore, all pipes, fittings, and instruments in the mercury input system and mercury collection system are made of Teflon.

[0020] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a cosmic climate chamber for environmental mercury research. The cosmic climate chamber, made of high-strength tempered glass, is translucent and lined with a Teflon film to prevent mercury adsorption and reduce light distortion. The climate chamber can hold the soil to be studied and planted, or potted plants can be placed directly inside, allowing for long-term simulation of natural environmental and climatic conditions. Simultaneously, a mercury ventilation inlet and outlet are located on the upper side wall of the climate chamber, enabling the addition of mercury under the control of a mercury generator and mercury processing tank. Atmospheric mercury within the climate chamber can be collected and measured through a mercury enrichment tube. Furthermore, when mercury addition is not needed, the passage can be closed to maintain pressure balance between the inside and outside of the climate chamber. When adjusting the temperature, mercury-free air is introduced into the climate chamber to achieve temperature mixing and regulation. This enables long-term, continuous, and stable automatic quantitative addition of mercury and its isotopes, and allows for the study of key environmental processes of mercury in natural environmental samples within the climate chamber under non-damaging and minimally undisturbed conditions, thereby better studying the migration and transformation behavior of mercury in the environment. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a space climate chamber for environmental mercury research disclosed in this application.

[0023] The reference numerals shown in the figure:

[0024] 1. Climate chamber; 101. Water inlet; 102. Gas composition measurement port; 103. Soil pore water infiltration port;

[0025] 2. Mercury input system; 20. First air pump; 21. Mercury treatment tank; 22. Mercury generator; 23. Three-way valve; 24. First shut-off valve;

[0026] 3. Mercury collection system; 30. Second shut-off valve; 31. Mercury enrichment pipe; 32. First mass flow controller; 33. Second air pump. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0028] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown, a cosmic climate chamber for environmental mercury research in this embodiment includes a light-transmitting climate chamber 1. The inner wall of the climate chamber 1 is covered with a 0.2 mm thick Teflon film, which prevents the adsorption of mercury and reduces the alteration of light.

[0031] As an example, the shape of the climate chamber 1 is a square with a length, width and height of 3-5 meters, or a cylinder with a bottom and top diameter of 3-5 meters and a height of 3-5 meters.

[0032] The soil to be studied can be placed in the climate chamber 1, and the plants to be studied can be planted on the soil. Alternatively, potted plants can be placed directly into the climate chamber 1. A soil pore water infiltration outlet 103 is opened on one side of the bottom to collect pore water from the indoor soil for research. If potted plants are placed directly, the soil pore water infiltration outlet 103 can be closed.

[0033] In addition, two holes are designed on the upper side wall of the climate chamber 1 (20-50 cm from the top): one hole is a ventilation inlet for adding gaseous mercury, and the other hole is a ventilation outlet for enriching and measuring atmospheric mercury in the room.

[0034] The component connected to the ventilation inlet is the mercury input system 2, which comprises five parts: a first air pump 20, a mercury treatment tank 21, a mercury generator 22, a three-way valve 23, and a first shut-off valve 24. The outlet of the first air pump 20 is connected to the inlet of the mercury treatment tank 21; the outlet of the mercury treatment tank 21 is connected to the first inlet of the three-way valve 23; the outlet of the mercury generator 22 is connected to the second inlet of the three-way valve 23; the outlet of the three-way valve 23 is connected to the inlet of the first shut-off valve 24; and the outlet of the first shut-off valve 24 is connected to the ventilation inlet of the climate chamber 1. It can be understood that the first air pump 20 delivers gas to the mercury treatment tank 21 (for treating the mercury in the gas), and then the mercury treatment tank 21 delivers the treated mercury-free gas to the three-way valve 23. Additionally, the gas supplied by the mercury generator 22 also flows to the three-way valve 23. Finally, the three-way valve 23 transmits the mixed gas to the climate chamber 1 through the first shut-off valve 24.

[0035] The component connected to the ventilation outlet is a mercury collection system 3, which includes four parts: a second shut-off valve 30, a mercury enrichment pipe 31, a first mass flow controller 32, and a second air pump 33. The inlet of the second shut-off valve 30 is connected to the outlet of the climate chamber 1, the outlet of the second shut-off valve 30 is connected to the inlet of the mercury enrichment pipe 31, the outlet of the mercury enrichment pipe 31 is connected to the inlet of the first mass flow controller 32, the outlet of the first mass flow controller 32 is connected to the inlet of the second air pump 33, and the outlet of the second air pump 33 is connected to the outside air. It can be understood that the second air pump 33 generates suction, causing the second shut-off valve 30 to draw gas from the climate chamber 1 and deliver it to the mercury enrichment pipe 31. The mercury in the gas is collected by the mercury enrichment pipe 31, and then discharged to the outside air via the first mass flow controller 32 and the second air pump 33.

[0036] It is worth noting that the mercury enrichment pipe 31 is detachably connected to the second shut-off valve 30 and the first mass flow controller 32, and the first mass flow controller 32 is also detachably connected to the second air pump 33.

[0037] The process of adding mercury to the climate chamber is as follows: Figure 1As shown on the left, the first air pump 20 and the first shut-off valve 24 are open, while the second shut-off valve 30 is closed. The first air pump 20 draws in external air through the inlet. After passing through the mercury treatment tank 21, the mercury in the air is removed, resulting in zero-mercury air. The mercury treatment tank 21 is connected to a three-way valve 23, with one end connected to the mercury treatment tank 21 and the other end connected to the mercury generator 22. The mercury generator 22 can generate gaseous elemental mercury or gaseous mercury with a single mercury isotope, depending on the experimental requirements. When mercury needs to be added to the climate chamber 1, the three-way valve 23 is connected to the mercury generator 22. The mercury generator 22 releases mercury vapor at a certain rate into the zero-mercury air coming from the mercury treatment tank 21. The air carrying a fixed amount of mercury vapor then passes through the first shut-off valve 24 and enters the climate chamber 1, completing the addition of mercury to the atmosphere of the climate chamber 1.

[0038] The process of collecting and measuring atmospheric mercury in climate chamber 1 is as follows: Figure 1 As shown on the right, the second air pump 33 and the second shut-off valve 30 are open, and the first shut-off valve 24 is closed. The second air pump 33 draws air from the climate chamber 1 through the mercury enrichment tube 31. After the mercury is collected by the mercury enrichment tube 31, the air passes through the first mass flow controller 32 (MFC) and is discharged from the second air pump 33. After the mercury enrichment tube 31 completes the enrichment of mercury, the second shut-off valve 30 and the second air pump 33 are closed. The mercury enrichment tube 31 is removed and sent to the mercury analyzer in the laboratory to analyze the atmospheric mercury concentration or mercury isotope composition and other indicators in the climate chamber.

[0039] When no mercury needs to be added to climate chamber 1 for research purposes, the passage between the three-way valve 23 and the mercury generator 22 is closed, while the first shut-off valve 20 remains open and the second shut-off valve 30 remains closed, allowing zero-mercury atmosphere from the mercury treatment tank 21 to enter climate chamber 1 and maintain the pressure balance inside and outside climate chamber 1. When it is necessary to adjust the temperature of the climate chamber, the passage between the three-way valve 23 and the mercury generator 22 is closed, while the first shut-off valve 24, the second shut-off valve 30, the first air pump 20, and the second air pump 33 remain open. The mercury enrichment tube 31 and the first mass flow controller 32 (MFC) are removed, and the second shut-off valve 30 is directly connected to the second air pump 33. The atmosphere entering from the inlet of the first air pump 20, after mercury removal, enters climate chamber 1 to mix with the atmosphere inside climate chamber 1 and regulate the temperature.

[0040] Except for the air pump and mercury generator 22, which require low-power batteries, the entire system of the cosmic climate chamber does not require a power source for other components. Therefore, it can be conveniently applied to various field studies in areas where no power supply is available.

[0041] Preferably, the climate chamber 1 is made of tempered glass that is transparent on the sides, bottom, and top. This type of climate chamber, constructed with tempered glass that is transparent on the sides, bottom, and top, has excellent light transmittance, high strength, resistance to mercury adsorption, and flexibility and versatility, making it very suitable for scientific research fields such as mercury research and plant growth experiments.

[0042] Preferably, the climate chamber 1 has a water inlet 101 and a gas composition measuring port 102 on its top. The water inlet 101 is used to connect to an external water supply system to spray water into the climate chamber 1 in a quantitative manner to regulate the humidity inside. By controlling the water inlet volume and frequency, the humidity level inside the climate chamber can be precisely controlled and adjusted to meet the needs of different plants or experiments. The gas composition measuring port 102 is used to connect to a measuring instrument to measure the concentration level of atmospheric components and environmental parameters such as temperature and humidity inside the chamber.

[0043] There are two main methods for the mercury generator 22 to produce a standard gaseous mercury (mercury vapor of a certain concentration).

[0044] One method uses a standard mercury vapor source, the structure of which includes: a borosilicate glass bottle, a water tank, and a second mass flow controller. The borosilicate glass bottle is installed in the water tank, and elemental liquid mercury is placed inside the borosilicate glass bottle. The outlet of the borosilicate glass bottle is connected to the inlet of the second mass flow controller, and the outlet of the second mass flow controller is connected to the second inlet of the three-way valve. A temperature sensor is installed in the water tank, and the temperature sensor is connected to the second mass flow controller.

[0045] In practice, elemental liquid mercury is placed in a 200 ml borosilicate glass bottle, which is then placed in a water tank. The temperature of the water in the tank is measured using a temperature sensor. Since there is a very regular and corresponding relationship between mercury vapor concentration and temperature, the mercury vapor concentration in the borosilicate glass bottle can be determined based on the water temperature. Therefore, the volumetric flow rate of mercury vapor input into the climate chamber can be controlled by a second mass flow controller, thereby determining the mass of gaseous mercury added to the climate chamber.

[0046] Another method is to use the oxidation-reduction method, the structure of which includes: a borosilicate glass bottle, a peristaltic pump, and a gas-liquid separator. The borosilicate glass bottle is used to hold a mercury standard solution and a stannous chloride solution. The gas outlet of the borosilicate glass bottle is connected to the gas inlet of the peristaltic pump. The gas outlet of the peristaltic pump is connected to the gas inlet of the gas-liquid separator. The gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected to the second gas inlet of the three-way valve.

[0047] In practice, a mercury standard solution and a stannous chloride solution of a certain concentration are prepared in a borosilicate glass bottle. Then, the mercury standard solution and the stannous chloride solution are mixed in a gas-liquid separator at a certain flow rate using a peristaltic pump, thereby reducing the mercury ions in the mercury standard solution to elemental mercury vapor. The reduced elemental mercury vapor is then added to the climate chamber using a carrier gas (i.e., mercury-free gas). The mass of gaseous mercury added to the climate chamber can be calculated based on the concentration of the mercury standard solution and the flow rate of the peristaltic pump.

[0048] In summary, this scheme utilizes liquid mercury in a borosilicate glass bottle as the source of mercury vapor and determines the concentration of mercury vapor by measuring the water temperature using a temperature sensor. By controlling a second mass flow controller, an appropriate mercury vapor volumetric flow rate can be input into the climate chamber, thereby achieving the purpose of generating and controlling a standard for gaseous mercury.

[0049] In this embodiment, fans are placed at the air inlet of the first shut-off valve 24 to the air outlet of the climate chamber 1 and at the air outlet of the second shut-off valve 30 to the air outlet of the climate chamber 1. When the airflow enters or exits the climate chamber 1, the fans can be driven to rotate and agitate the gas in the climate chamber 1, thereby fully mixing the various atmospheric components, including mercury, in the climate chamber 1, and ensuring that the sample in the chamber adsorbs or absorbs mercury and other atmospheric components uniformly.

[0050] Preferably, all pipes, fittings and instruments connected to the external environment of the climate chamber 1 (i.e. the mercury input system and the mercury collection system) are made of Teflon material. For example, the pipes and pump membranes inside the first air pump 20, the second air pump 33, the three-way valve 23 and the first mass flow controller 32 (MFC) that come into contact with the gas are also made of Teflon material, thereby preventing the adsorption of mercury by the pipes.

[0051] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mesocosm climate chamber for environmental mercury research, characterized in that, The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system. The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system. The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system. The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system. The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system.

2. A mesocosm chamber for environmental mercury research as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system.

3. A mesocosm chamber for environmental mercury research as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The application relates to a mercury input system and a mercury collection system.

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