A quantum bit computer

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of quantum computing, in particular to a kind of quantum bit computer, including visible light signal generator, visible light detector, quantum processor, signal receiver and signal processing end;The visible light signal generator is used to generate corresponding visible light signal according to control instruction, and the visible light signal is sent to the visible light detector;The visible light detector is used to generate corresponding processor control microwave signal according to the visible light signal received;The signal receiver is used to receive the calculation feedback microwave signal of the quantum processor, and the calculation feedback microwave signal is sent to signal processing end.The present application reduces the heat conduction from room temperature zone to low temperature zone, increases the available power redundancy of low temperature zone device, while the frequency of visible light is higher, and the modulation capacity is stronger, cooperate with only visible light sensitive silicon-based photo avalanche diode, can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of information transmitted to the quantum processor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of quantum computing, and in particular to a quantum bit computer. Background Technology

[0002] A quantum computer is a machine that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform mathematical calculations. Because of the superposition principle and parallel computing capabilities of quantum mechanics, it can solve certain problems much faster than ordinary computers, thus attracting significant attention. Among these, superconducting qubits, due to their high designability, scalability, easy coupling, and controllability, have become the most promising type of quantum computer.

[0003] However, due to the extreme fragility of the quantum states of superconducting qubits, they require extremely low temperatures to operate. Current cryogenic systems have limited cooling power, and each superconducting qubit requires multiple read / write lines. These lines, ranging from room temperature to absolute zero, generate significant heat in the cryogenic environment, even when using special low-thermal-conductivity alloys for the cables, as the number of qubits increases. This poses a major challenge to increasing the number of superconducting qubits. Current technologies typically use infrared beams to generate control signals at low temperatures, but this method produces signals with low signal-to-noise ratios, is susceptible to interference, carries limited information, and has poor versatility.

[0004] Therefore, how to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal received by the quantum processor, while enhancing the information carrying capacity and increasing versatility of the signal without affecting the low-temperature environment of the transition temperature range, is a problem that urgently needs to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a quantum bit computer to solve the problems of poor signal-to-noise ratio, poor signal information carrying capacity, and low versatility of signals received by quantum processors in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a quantum bit computer, including a visible light signal generator, a visible light detector, a quantum processor, a signal receiver, and a signal processing terminal;

[0007] The visible light signal generator is used to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to a control command, and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector;

[0008] The visible light detector is used to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal based on the received visible light signal.

[0009] The signal receiver is used to receive the computational feedback microwave signal from the quantum processor and send the computational feedback microwave signal to the signal processing terminal.

[0010] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the visible light detector is a silicon-based avalanche diode.

[0011] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the silicon-based avalanche diode is integrated onto the quantum processor.

[0012] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the visible light detector is located in the transition temperature region of the quantum bit computer.

[0013] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the visible light detector is a single-photon visible light detector.

[0014] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the signal receiver includes a microwave amplification component;

[0015] The microwave amplification component is used to amplify the computational feedback microwave signal.

[0016] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the visible light detector is further configured to generate the working timestamp instruction based on the visible light signal and send the working timestamp instruction to the signal receiver, so that the signal receiver only operates when the quantum processor completes the calculation and sends the calculation feedback microwave signal outward.

[0017] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the signal receiver includes a photoelectric translation component;

[0018] The photoelectric translation component includes an electro-optic converter, a light source, and a photoelectric converter;

[0019] The light source sends a carrier light signal to the electro-optic converter located in the transition temperature zone;

[0020] The electro-optic converter receives the computational feedback microwave signal, converts the computational feedback microwave signal into an information optical signal, and then couples the information optical signal with the carrier optical signal to obtain the target transmission optical signal;

[0021] The photoelectric converter and the light source are located in the room temperature region of the quantum bit computer, and receive the target transmission optical signal from the electro-optic converter through the corresponding optical fiber.

[0022] Optionally, in the aforementioned quantum bit computer, the light source is a visible light source.

[0023] Optionally, the quantum bit computer also includes a passive optical splitter located in the transition temperature region;

[0024] The visible light detector is connected to the visible light signal generator via the passive beam splitter.

[0025] The quantum bit computer provided by this invention includes a visible light signal generator, a visible light detector, a quantum processor, a signal receiver, and a signal processing terminal. The visible light signal generator is used to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to a control command and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector. The visible light detector is used to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal according to the received visible light signal. The signal receiver is used to receive the computation feedback microwave signal from the quantum processor and send the computation feedback microwave signal to the signal processing terminal.

[0026] This invention utilizes the high frequency of visible light to transmit multiple control signals using a single low-thermal-conductivity optical fiber, significantly reducing heat conduction from room temperature to low-temperature regions. This increases the available power redundancy of devices in the low-temperature region, which is beneficial for the integration of superconducting qubits. At the same time, the higher frequency of visible light provides stronger modulation capabilities, allowing it to carry more information and improving the versatility of qubit computers. Furthermore, it is less susceptible to interference from external thermal radiation. When used in conjunction with silicon-based photoavalanche diodes that are only sensitive to visible light, the signal-to-noise ratio of the information transmitted to the quantum processor can be greatly improved. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a specific embodiment of the quantum bit computer provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of another specific embodiment of the quantum bit computer provided by the present invention.

[0030] The diagram includes A-optical fiber, B-cable, 100-optical signal generator, 200-visible light detector, 300-quantum processor, 400-signal receiver, 500-signal processing terminal, 411-electro-optical converter, 412-light source, and 413-photoelectric converter. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] The core of this invention is to provide a quantum bit computer, the structural schematic diagram of one specific embodiment of which is shown below. Figure 1 As shown, referred to as Specific Implementation Method 1, it includes a visible light signal generator 100, a visible light detector 200, a quantum processor 300, a signal receiver 400, and a signal processing terminal 500;

[0033] The visible light signal generator 100 is used to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to the control command, and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector 200;

[0034] The visible light detector 200 is used to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal based on the received visible light signal.

[0035] The signal receiver 400 is used to receive the computation feedback microwave signal from the quantum processor 300 and send the computation feedback microwave signal to the signal processing terminal 500.

[0036] The signal receiver 400 in this invention mainly serves to forward the computational feedback microwave signal. In some cases, it may also perform translation or amplification of the signal. However, the actual analysis and processing of the signal content is performed by the signal processing terminal 500.

[0037] It should be noted that the quantum processor 300 typically requires a near-absolute zero operating environment. Therefore, the quantum bit computer usually includes a room temperature region and a low temperature region. Since cooling cannot be achieved in one step, the low temperature region is further divided into the operating temperature region where the quantum processor 300 is located (typically around several to tens of millikrons) and a transition temperature region (typically around 4kJ). In the accompanying drawings of this invention, A represents an optical fiber connection, where data is transmitted between the two structures via optical signals, while B represents a cable connection, where data is transmitted between the two structures via electrical signals (including the microwave signals).

[0038] Visible light electromagnetic waves are six orders of magnitude higher than the microwave signals of quantum bits, and existing optical technologies can easily separate visible light of different frequencies and polarizations. Therefore, using visible light of different frequencies and polarizations as carriers, microwave signals controlling tens of thousands of quantum bits can be loaded and controlled in a single optical fiber. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of an optical fiber is at the picowatt level, which is nine orders of magnitude lower than the milliwatt-level cooling capacity of a refrigerator at 4K.

[0039] In addition, it also includes a passive beam splitter located in the transition temperature zone;

[0040] The visible light detector 200 is connected to the visible light signal generator 100 via the passive beam splitter.

[0041] In other words, the visible light signal can include various light signals of different frequencies. In the transition temperature region, the light signals of different frequencies are first separated using a non-heating passive beam splitter. Then, a silicon-based avalanche photodiode detects the separated light signals and converts them into corresponding microwave signals. This further increases the information capacity of the visible light signal, enhances the versatility of the device, and does not increase the device's heat generation. The visible light detector 200 has a mature manufacturing process and is sensitive only to short-wavelength bands below 1µm, including near-infrared light very close to visible light. The converted microwave signals are used to directly control the lower-temperature quantum processor 300.

[0042] The room temperature is used to house most of the heat-generating components of the computer, such as the visible light signal generator 100 and the signal processing terminal 500; while the components placed in the transition temperature zone can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the visible light detector 200 is fabricated using a CMOS process. CMOS processes are easy to integrate and standardize, effectively reducing costs.

[0044] The visible light detector 200 is a silicon-based avalanche diode. Silicon-based avalanche diodes have mature manufacturing processes, low cost, high sensitivity to visible light, and strong integrability, which is beneficial for the integration of quantum computers. Of course, other visible light detectors can be selected according to actual needs, and this invention does not limit their use.

[0045] Furthermore, the silicon-based avalanche diode is integrated on the quantum processor 300. With the help of CMOS technology, the silicon-based avalanche diode can even be directly integrated on the quantum chip (i.e., the quantum processor 300) on the silicon substrate, thereby further improving the integration level of the device and facilitating the scaling up of the equipment.

[0046] Furthermore, the visible light detector 200 is located in the transition temperature zone of the quantum bit computer. Since the transition temperature zone is not the actual operating area of ​​the quantum processor 300, its requirements for ambient temperature are less stringent than those of the operating temperature zone, thus allowing for greater power redundancy. As the visible light detector 200 generates a certain amount of heat, its location in the transition temperature zone minimizes its impact on the operating temperature zone, ensuring a more stable operating environment for the quantum processor 300 and improving the overall operational stability of the device.

[0047] Furthermore, the visible light detector 200 is a single-photon visible light detector 200. The single-photon visible light detector 200 is a diode operating in single-photon mode (Geiger mode), which further reduces the intensity requirements of the input light, thereby reducing heat generation.

[0048] Furthermore, the signal receiver 400 includes a microwave amplification component;

[0049] The microwave amplification component is used to amplify the computational feedback microwave signal.

[0050] The computational feedback microwave signal emitted by the quantum processor 300 is transmitted via cable. However, due to its low power, it is difficult for the signal processing terminal 500 to directly utilize it. Furthermore, the operating temperature range of the quantum processor 300 is far from the room temperature range of the signal processing terminal 500, resulting in significant signal loss during transmission and consequently reduced signal accuracy and signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, this invention adds a microwave amplification component between the signal processing terminal 500 and the quantum processor 300 to amplify the computational feedback microwave signal before transmitting it to the signal processing terminal 500, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the microwave amplification component is located within the transition temperature range.

[0051] The quantum bit computer provided by this invention includes a visible light signal generator 100, a visible light detector 200, a quantum processor 300, a signal receiver 400, and a signal processing terminal 500. The visible light signal generator 100 is used to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to control instructions and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector 200. The visible light detector 200 is used to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal according to the received visible light signal. The signal receiver 400 is used to receive the computation feedback microwave signal from the quantum processor 300 and send the computation feedback microwave signal to the signal processing terminal 500. This invention utilizes the high frequency of visible light to transmit multiple control signals using a single low-thermal-conductivity optical fiber, significantly reducing heat conduction from room temperature to low-temperature regions. This increases the available power redundancy of devices in the low-temperature region, which is beneficial for the integration of superconducting qubits. At the same time, visible light has a higher frequency and stronger modulation capability, allowing it to carry more information and improving the versatility of the qubit computer. Furthermore, it is less susceptible to interference from external thermal radiation. When used in conjunction with silicon-based photoavalanche diodes that are only sensitive to visible light, it can greatly improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the information transmitted to the quantum processor 300.

[0052] Based on the first specific implementation method, the content of the visible light signal is further improved to obtain the second specific implementation method, whose structural diagram is the same as the above specific implementation method, including a visible light signal generator 100, a visible light detector 200, a quantum processor 300, a signal receiver 400 and a signal processing terminal 500.

[0053] The visible light signal generator 100 is used to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to the control command, and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector 200;

[0054] The visible light detector 200 is used to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal based on the received visible light signal.

[0055] The signal receiver 400 is used to receive the computation feedback microwave signal from the quantum processor 300 and send the computation feedback microwave signal to the signal processing terminal 500;

[0056] The visible light detector 200 is also used to generate the working timestamp instruction based on the visible light signal and send the working timestamp instruction to the signal receiver 400, so that the signal receiver 400 only works when the quantum processor 300 completes the calculation and sends the calculation feedback microwave signal outward.

[0057] The difference between this specific embodiment and the above specific embodiment is that the information contained in the signal is improved in this specific embodiment, while the rest of the structure is the same as the above specific embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0058] It should be noted that the visible light signal in this specific embodiment contains information related to the timestamp instruction. The timestamp instruction is essentially a control signal used to control the signal receiver 400. The estimated quantum bit computation time is encoded in the visible light signal, which is then decoded to obtain the timestamp instruction, controlling the on / off state of the signal receiver 400. This ensures that the signal receiver 400 (such as the microwave amplification component) is only turned on when the quantum processor 300 has completed its computation and needs to receive the computation feedback microwave signal. Otherwise, it remains in a closed state, further reducing heat generation.

[0059] Based on the first specific embodiment, the structure of the signal receiver 400 is further improved to obtain the third specific embodiment, the structural diagram of which is shown below. Figure 2 As shown, it includes a visible light signal generator 100, a visible light detector 200, a quantum processor 300, a signal receiver 400, and a signal processing terminal 500;

[0060] The visible light signal generator 100 is used to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to the control command, and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector 200;

[0061] The visible light detector 200 is used to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal based on the received visible light signal.

[0062] The signal receiver 400 is used to receive the computation feedback microwave signal from the quantum processor 300 and send the computation feedback microwave signal to the signal processing terminal 500;

[0063] The signal receiver 400 includes a photoelectric translation component;

[0064] The photoelectric translation component includes an electro-optic converter 411, a light source 412, and a photoelectric converter 413;

[0065] The light source 412 sends a carrier light signal to the electro-optic converter 411 located in the transition temperature zone;

[0066] The electro-optic converter 411 receives the computational feedback microwave signal, converts the computational feedback microwave signal into an information optical signal, and then couples the information optical signal with the carrier optical signal to obtain the target transmission optical signal;

[0067] The photoelectric converter 413 and the light source 412 are located in the room temperature region of the quantum bit computer, and receive the target transmission optical signal from the electro-optic converter 411 through the corresponding optical fiber.

[0068] The difference between this specific embodiment and the above specific embodiment is that, in this specific embodiment, the structure of the signal receiver 400 is the same as that in the above specific embodiment, and will not be described again here.

[0069] In this specific embodiment, optical signal transmission is used to transmit the computational feedback microwave signal output by the quantum processor 300. Specifically, a separately configured light source 412 generates visible light, and the computational feedback microwave signal is translated into an information optical signal by the electro-optic converter 411. This information optical signal is then coupled to the carrier optical signal, significantly enhancing the propagation capability of the information light. Furthermore, using an external light source 412 to provide the carrier optical signal for coupling with the information optical signal, instead of directly outputting a high-power information optical signal by increasing the power of the electro-optic converter 411, reduces the total power of the device in the transition temperature region, ensuring the operational stability of the quantum bit computer. Simultaneously, optical fiber is used to transmit the target transmission optical signal generated in the transition temperature region to the photoelectric converter 413 located in the room temperature region. This completes the information transmission while avoiding the use of cables for signal transmission, greatly reducing the heat conduction from the environment to the low-temperature region and improving the operational stability of the computer.

[0070] In addition, optical signals can couple a large amount of information, and can transmit multiple types of information or microwave signals from multiple quantum processors 300 through the same optical fiber. In contrast, microwave signals require a separate cable for each signal. Therefore, this specific embodiment further reduces the conduction of ambient heat to the low-temperature region.

[0071] Furthermore, the light source 412 is a visible light source 412. Since the light source 412 is a visible light source 412, correspondingly, both the carrier light signal and the information light signal are visible light signals. The visible light channel space is larger, which can carry more information, making it more versatile. Moreover, the light source 412 is more readily available, reducing the hardware cost of the device.

[0072] Of course, the electro-optic converter 411 can also be set in the working temperature zone, and can be selected according to the actual situation. This invention does not limit it here.

[0073] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For the apparatus disclosed in the embodiments, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to in the method section.

[0074] It should be noted that, in this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0075] The quantum bit computer provided by this invention has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the embodiments above are merely for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications to this invention without departing from its principles, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this invention.

Claims

1. A quantum bit computer, characterized by, The visible light signal generator, the visible light detector, the quantum processor, the signal receiver and the signal processing end are included. The visible light signal generator is configured to generate a corresponding visible light signal according to a control instruction and send the visible light signal to the visible light detector. The visible light detector is configured to generate a corresponding processor control microwave signal according to the received visible light signal. The signal receiver is configured to receive a calculation feedback microwave signal of the quantum processor and send the calculation feedback microwave signal to the signal processing end. The signal receiver includes an optoelectronic conversion assembly. The optoelectronic conversion assembly includes an electro-optical converter, a light source and a photoelectric converter. The light source sends a carrier light signal to the electro-optical converter located in the transition temperature zone. The electro-optical converter receives the calculation feedback microwave signal, converts the calculation feedback microwave signal into an information light signal, couples the information light signal with the carrier light signal to obtain a target transmission light signal. The photoelectric converter and the light source are arranged in the room temperature zone of the quantum bit computer and receive the target transmission light signal from the electro-optical converter through a corresponding optical fiber.

2. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, The visible light detector is a silicon-based avalanche diode.

3. The quantum bit computer of claim 2, wherein, The silicon-based avalanche diode is integrated on the quantum processor.

4. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, The visible light detector is arranged in the transition temperature zone of the quantum bit computer.

5. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, The visible light detector is a single-photon visible light detector.

6. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, The signal receiver includes a microwave amplification assembly. The microwave amplification assembly is configured to amplify the calculation feedback microwave signal.

7. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, The visible light detector is further configured to generate a working time stamp instruction according to the visible light signal and send the working time stamp instruction to the signal receiver, so that the signal receiver only works when the quantum processor completes calculation and sends the calculation feedback microwave signal outward.

8. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, The light source is a visible light source.

9. The quantum bit computer of claim 1, wherein, A passive light splitting element arranged in the transition temperature zone is further included. The visible light detector is signal-connected to the visible light signal generator through the passive light splitting element.

Images