A method and system for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method and system for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves, and relates to the field related to wind speed and direction measurement technology. The method comprises: reading the basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind sensor of the target railway; receiving the wind power collection instruction and activating the temperature sensor to determine the real-time temperature data; if the real-time temperature does not meet the temperature threshold, generating a preheating instruction and driving the heating device to heat; driving the piezoelectric ceramic to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves and determine the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves; combining the signal processing module to perform hierarchical difference determination and calibration; extracting the signal characteristics and performing the time difference method calculation to determine the railway wind data. The method solves the technical problems that the heating reliability of the ultrasonic wind sensor in the complex railway environment is insufficient, the ultrasonic signal is easily interfered, and the railway wind force measurement result is not accurate enough.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field related to wind speed and direction collection technology, and specifically to an ultrasonic-based wind speed and direction collection method and system for railways. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the railway industry, the total mileage of high-speed railway lines is increasing. In order to ensure the safe operation of trains, wind monitoring in the railway environment has become particularly important. However, domestic ultrasonic wind sensors are in the early stages of development, and their accuracy and reliability are difficult to guarantee. In addition, there is a lack of wind monitoring equipment suitable for various railway scenarios, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of the railway industry. If imported ultrasonic anemometers are used, the equipment calibration and maintenance are difficult due to the lack of mature calibration methods and means in China. At the same time, due to the increasing differences in geographical locations and environmental factors, high-speed railways lack effective heating methods that can adapt to the areas along the railway and have low reliability. Ultrasonic signals are easily interfered with in complex environments, which leads to insufficient measurement accuracy of wind speed and direction collection.

[0003] Therefore, in the current relevant technologies, there are technical problems such as insufficient heating reliability of ultrasonic wind sensors in complex railway environments and susceptibility of ultrasonic signals to interference, which in turn leads to inaccurate wind force measurement results for railways. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present application provides an ultrasonic-based method and system for collecting wind speed and direction for railways. By adopting technical means such as reading basic assembly information of wind measuring sensors, activating temperature sensors and measuring temperature in real time, ultrasonic transmission and reception control, and layer difference determination and calibration, the present application solves the technical problems existing in the existing wind speed and direction collection, such as insufficient heating reliability of ultrasonic wind measuring sensors in complex railway environments, susceptibility of ultrasonic signals to interference, and the resulting in inaccurate wind force measurement results for railways. The present application achieves the technical effect of improving the measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability of wind measuring sensors for railways.

[0005] The present application provides a method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasound, the method comprising: reading basic assembly information of an ultrasonic wind sensor installed on a target railway, wherein the ultrasonic wind sensor is a two-way four-bit structure; receiving a wind collection instruction, and activating a temperature sensor to perform real-time temperature detection of a railway environment and determine real-time temperature data; if the real-time temperature data does not meet a temperature threshold, generating a preheating instruction, driving a heating device to heat a piezoelectric ceramic to a temperature threshold, wherein the temperature threshold is determined based on normal detection requirements, and the preheating instruction is marked with a heating temperature and a heating time; based on the basic assembly information, driving the piezoelectric ceramic to perform ultrasonic transmission and reception control, and determining the receiving and transmitting ultrasonic waves, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for electrical-to-acoustic energy conversion, and the receiving and transmitting ultrasonic waves include forward ultrasonic waves and reverse ultrasonic waves; combining with a signal processing module, performing hierarchical difference determination and calibration on the receiving and transmitting ultrasonic waves, and determining a standard ultrasonic signal; based on the standard ultrasonic signal, extracting signal features and performing time difference calculation to determine railway wind data, wherein the railway wind data includes wind direction data and wind speed data.

[0006] In a possible implementation, after receiving the wind collection instruction, the following processing is also performed: as the wind collection instruction is received, a device self-test instruction is generated; based on the device self-test instruction, a power-on self-test is performed on the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor to determine the self-test parameters; if the self-test parameters do not meet the device standard parameters, an equipment calibration alarm is issued, and the abnormal service status of the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor is traced and calibrated.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves, and the following processing is performed: based on the two-way four-bit structure of the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor, a forward wind measurement group and a reverse wind measurement group are determined; the transmitted ultrasonic wave is determined, and the transmitting components of the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group are driven respectively, and the forward ultrasonic wave and the reverse ultrasonic wave of the receiving component are obtained; the transmitted ultrasonic wave and the forward ultrasonic wave and the reverse ultrasonic wave are used as the receiving and transmitting ultrasonic waves.

[0008] In a possible implementation, a signal processing module is constructed to perform the following processing: reading historical detection records in multiple scenarios, performing signal transmission defect detection, and determining generalized signal defects, wherein the generalized signal defects meet a predetermined frequency and include at least one; configuring a signal defect compensation algorithm for the generalized signal defects; based on the signal defect compensation algorithm, training a multi-level processing layer, wherein each level of the processing layer is configured with a signal detection checkpoint based on a defect judgment rule; and combining the multi-level processing layers to generate the signal processing module.

[0009] In a possible implementation, in combination with a signal processing module, the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves are subjected to hierarchical discrepancy determination and calibration to determine a standard ultrasonic signal, and the following processing is also performed: based on the first signal detection level of the first-level processing layer, defect decision and segmentation are performed on the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves to extract a first defect signal segment and a first standard signal segment; signal compensation processing based on the first-level processing layer is performed on the first defect signal segment to determine a first-level processing result; the first-level processing result and the first standard signal segment are integrated to determine a one-step processing signal; the one-step processing signal is circulated through the processing layers until the level segmentation and algorithm compensation processing of the N-level processing layers are completed to determine the standard ultrasonic signal.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the signal features are extracted and the time difference method is used for calculation, and the following processing is performed: the transmission duration of the standard ultrasonic signal is identified, and the transmission duration includes a forward transmission duration and a reverse transmission duration, which is based on the interval time between signal transmission and reception; based on the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group, a baseline length is measured and determined; based on the transmission duration and the baseline length, combined with the ultrasonic wind measurement calculation formula, the railway wind data is calculated and obtained.

[0011] In a possible implementation, after determining the railway wind data, the following processing is also performed: determining an indicator threshold for measuring the accuracy of the railway wind data, the indicator threshold including a static indicator threshold and a dynamic indicator threshold; determining a collection task status based on the wind collection instruction; based on the collection task status, determining whether the indicator threshold is met, and generating a data accuracy evaluation result.

[0012] The present application also provides an ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction acquisition system, comprising:

[0013] A wind sensor assembly information reading module, the wind sensor assembly information reading module is used to read the basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind sensor assembled on the target railway, wherein the ultrasonic wind sensor is a two-way four-bit structure;

[0014] A real-time temperature detection and determination module, the real-time temperature detection and determination module is used to receive a wind power collection instruction, activate a temperature sensor, perform real-time temperature detection of a railway environment, and determine real-time temperature data; if the real-time temperature data does not meet a temperature threshold, a preheating instruction is generated to drive a heating device to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to a temperature threshold, the temperature threshold is determined based on normal detection requirements, and the preheating instruction is marked with a heating temperature and a heating time;

[0015] An ultrasonic transceiver control module, the ultrasonic transceiver control module is used to drive the piezoelectric ceramic to perform ultrasonic transceiver control based on the basic assembly information, and determine the transceiver of ultrasonic waves, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for electrical-to-acoustic energy conversion, and the transceiver of ultrasonic waves includes forward ultrasonic waves and reverse ultrasonic waves;

[0016] A standard ultrasonic signal determination module, which is used to combine with the signal processing module to perform layer difference determination and calibration on the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves to determine a standard ultrasonic signal;

[0017] A railway wind data determination module is used to extract signal features and perform time difference calculation based on the standard ultrasonic signal to determine railway wind data, wherein the railway wind data includes wind direction data and wind speed data.

[0018] The present application proposes an ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction acquisition method and system, which reads the basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind measuring sensor installed on the target railway, activates the temperature sensor after receiving the wind collection instruction, performs real-time temperature detection of the railway environment, and determines the real-time temperature data. If the real-time temperature data does not meet the temperature threshold, a preheating instruction is generated to drive the heating device to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to the temperature threshold. Based on the basic assembly information, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves, and the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves is determined. In combination with the signal processing module, the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves are subjected to hierarchical difference judgment and calibration, and the standard ultrasonic signal is determined. Based on the standard ultrasonic signal, the signal features are extracted and the time difference method is calculated to determine the railway wind data. The technical problems of insufficient heating reliability of ultrasonic wind measuring sensors in complex railway environments and susceptibility to interference of ultrasonic signals, which lead to inaccurate railway wind measurement results, are solved. The technical effect of improving the measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability of railway wind measuring sensors is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the accompanying drawings of the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. A flow chart is used in the present application to illustrate the operations performed by the system according to the embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the preceding or following operations are not necessarily performed accurately in order. On the contrary, various steps can be processed in reverse order or simultaneously as needed. At the same time, other operations can also be added to these processes, or one or more operations can be removed from these processes.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a flow chart of a method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasound provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2A schematic diagram of a flow chart of ultrasonic wave transmission and reception control in a method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of an ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction acquisition system provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present application. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present application, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present application are listed below.

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments should not be regarded as limiting the present application. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0025] In the following description, reference is made to "some embodiments", which describe a subset of all possible embodiments, but it is understood that "some embodiments" may be the same subset or different subsets of all possible embodiments, and may be combined with each other without conflict, and the terms "first\second" involved are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of objects. The terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product, or server that includes a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units that are clearly listed, but may include other steps or modules that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by technicians in the technical field of this application. The terms used herein are for the purpose of describing the embodiments of the present application only.

[0026] The present application embodiment provides a method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0027] Step S100, reading basic installation information of an ultrasonic wind sensor installed on a target railway, wherein the ultrasonic wind sensor is a two-way four-bit structure. Determine the ultrasonic wind sensor of the target railway and read its basic assembly information. The ultrasonic wind sensor is an application of ultrasonic flow velocity detection technology in the field of wind speed and direction detection. The ultrasonic wind sensor for high-speed railway is a two-way four-bit structure, that is, four-bit ultrasonic wind speed sensors are arranged vertically in two directions on the top of the sensor probe, each of which can transmit and receive ultrasonic signals. The basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind sensor specifically refers to the basic parameter information about the wind speed sensor on the target railway, which may include but is not limited to the following contents: the installation position, installation method, power supply requirements, signal connection, working environment information, etc. of the wind sensor. The installation method may be fixed with a bracket or directly welded to the ground at a high altitude; the power supply requirement refers to the power supply type and interface of the wind sensor, such as DC power supply or AC power supply; the signal connection refers to the ultrasonic signal output and interface type of the wind sensor and how to connect it to other devices; the working environment information includes ambient temperature, meteorological conditions, etc. The railway wind sensor is mainly composed of an ultrasonic wind probe, a main control module, and a casing. The sensor body adopts a forward design of fluid simulation to ensure the sensor sampling space Smooth and stable. According to the measurement principle, the two-way vertical measuring probe needs to be installed on the top of the instrument and supported by four support arms. At the same time, the main control module is installed in the outer tube of the sensor. The signal lines of the four ultrasonic measuring probes use coaxial cables and enter the shell through the internal wiring hole to connect with the main control module. The support arm base is used to install and fix the four support arms to the fuselage, and is connected to the support arm by welding. The sensor support arm and the support arm base constitute the upper probe part of the sensor, realizing the complete metallization of the sampling probe, improving the wind resistance, corrosion resistance and long-term stability of the whole machine. Under various outdoor environmental conditions, the all-metal probe has higher weather resistance. The ultrasonic wind measurement probe consists of three parts: piezoelectric ceramic transducer, heating device and matching layer. The piezoelectric ceramic transducer is an ultrasonic emission source that can perform electrical-to-acoustic energy conversion. There are core heaters and matching layers close to the transducer. The matching layer is a composite material made of a polymer matrix and hollow powder to achieve low acoustic impedance and reasonable reliability. The core heater adopts a DC heating mode, which can effectively heat the sensor core to avoid detection failure due to icing of the ultrasonic probe.

[0028] After reading the basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind sensor of the target railway, execute step S200, receive the wind collection instruction, activate the temperature sensor, perform real-time temperature detection of the railway environment, and determine the real-time temperature data. After the ultrasonic wind sensor receives the wind collection instruction, activate the temperature sensor, perform real-time temperature detection of the railway environment, and determine the real-time temperature data. Specifically, after the ultrasonic wind sensor receives the wind collection instruction sent by the external main control module, before starting to collect wind data in the environment, it is necessary to first turn on or start the temperature sensor to start detecting the real-time temperature of the railway environment where the ultrasonic wind sensor is located, and obtain the detected real-time temperature data from the temperature sensor as the detection result to reflect the temperature condition of the current railway environment.

[0029] In a possible implementation, step S200 receives a wind collection instruction, and then further includes step S210, generating a device self-test instruction as the wind collection instruction is received. Specifically, after the ultrasonic wind sensor receives the wind collection instruction from the main control module, the device automatically generates a self-test instruction and executes a self-test program to ensure the normal operation of the device. The device self-test instruction may include power check, connection check, function test, fault detection, etc. The power check refers to checking whether the power supply is normal; the connection check refers to checking whether the connection with other devices is good, such as checking whether the communication connection with the data acquisition module is normal; the function test refers to performing a series of function tests to ensure that each functional module is working normally, such as wind collection, temperature detection, data transmission, etc.; fault detection means that the device will detect whether there is a fault or abnormal situation. After the device self-test instruction is generated, step S220 is executed to perform a power-on self-test on the ultrasonic wind sensor based on the device self-test instruction to determine the self-test parameters. Specifically, according to the equipment self-test instruction obtained above, the ultrasonic wind sensor is powered on for self-test, and the relevant parameters appearing in the self-test process are determined, such as the voltage and current of the power supply, the working status of the sensor, the calibration results or fault codes, etc. After determining the self-test parameters, step S230 is executed. If the self-test parameters do not meet the standard parameters of the equipment, an equipment calibration alarm is issued, and the abnormal service status of the ultrasonic wind sensor is traced and calibrated. Specifically, when the self-test parameters do not meet the standard parameters of the ultrasonic wind sensor, the device will issue a calibration alarm, and perform abnormal service status traceability and calibration operations. For abnormal self-test parameters, the device will perform further traceability analysis to check the possible causes of parameter abnormalities, such as sensor hardware failure, connection problems, etc. According to the traceability results, calibration operations are performed, such as calibrating the sensitivity of the sensor, correcting deviations, or adjusting internal parameters. By adopting the steps S210 to S230 to generate equipment self-test instructions and perform power-on self-test operations, the method for tracing the abnormality of the service status of the ultrasonic wind sensor and calibrating the equipment ensures that the ultrasonic wind sensor in the railway environment is in good working condition and provides accurate and reliable data collection and detection.

[0030] After determining the real-time temperature data, step S300 is executed. If the real-time temperature data does not meet the temperature threshold, a preheating instruction is generated to drive the heating device to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to the temperature threshold, the temperature threshold is determined based on the normal detection requirements, and the preheating instruction is marked with the heating temperature and the heating time. When the detected real-time temperature data is lower than the temperature threshold of the device, a preheating instruction is generated, and the heating device is driven to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to the temperature threshold, wherein the temperature threshold is determined based on the normal detection requirements, the preheating instruction is marked with the heating temperature and the heating time, and a heating device is separately designed between the piezoelectric ceramic and the matching layer, and a ceramic heating element is used as a heating element. The ceramic heating element uses alumina ceramic as a new type of high-efficiency, environmentally friendly and energy-saving ceramic heating element, with a built-in electric heating wire, which saves 20% to 30% of electric energy under the same heating effect, and the heating current is stable, the heating reliability is high, and the ceramic substrate has good safety. Through this step, the temperature of the ultrasonic wind sensor can be adjusted and controlled. When the real-time temperature data does not meet the temperature threshold of the device, the preheating instruction is used to drive the heating device for heating, and the temperature of the piezoelectric ceramic is raised to the temperature threshold to meet the temperature requirements of the ultrasonic wind sensor.

[0031] After the piezoelectric ceramic is heated to the temperature threshold, step S400 is performed, and based on the basic assembly information, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves, and the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves are determined, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for electric-to-acoustic energy conversion, and the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves includes forward ultrasonic waves and reverse ultrasonic waves. Based on the basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind sensor obtained above, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves, so as to realize the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves. Specifically, based on the basic assembly information such as the installation position and installation method of the ultrasonic wind sensor, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves by controlling the voltage or current, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for electric-to-acoustic energy conversion, and a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer is used as the core component of the ultrasonic wind probe, and a transducer air coupling matching layer is designed to reduce the impedance of ultrasonic waves in the material. When the piezoelectric ceramic vibrates, it generates and emits ultrasonic signals as a transmitting source, and also receives ultrasonic signals in the environment, and the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves is realized by driving the piezoelectric ceramic material, wherein the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves includes forward ultrasonic waves and reverse ultrasonic waves.

[0032] In one possible implementation, Figure 2As shown, step S400 drives the piezoelectric ceramic to control the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves, and further includes step S410, determining the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group based on the two-way four-bit structure of the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor. Specifically, according to the two-way four-bit structure of the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor, a pair of sensors in the same horizontal direction are determined to transmit and receive ultrasonic waves to each other, that is, they are respectively determined as the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group, and also includes step S420, determining the transmission of ultrasonic waves, driving the transmitting components of the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group respectively, and obtaining the forward ultrasonic waves and the reverse ultrasonic waves of the receiving components. It also includes step S430, using the transmitted ultrasonic waves and the forward ultrasonic waves and the reverse ultrasonic waves as the receiving and transmitting ultrasonic waves. By adopting steps S410 to S430, the reception and transmission of ultrasonic waves are controlled based on the two-way four-bit structure of the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor, and the receiving and transmitting ultrasonic waves are determined, so as to subsequently detect and calculate wind data.

[0033] Next, step S500 is executed, and the signal processing module is combined to perform hierarchical difference determination and calibration on the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves to determine the standard ultrasonic signal. The signal processing module is used to perform hierarchical difference determination and calibration on the ultrasonic waves received and transmitted by the ultrasonic wind sensor to determine the standard ultrasonic signal. Specifically, a signal processing module is first built and combined with the signal processing module to perform hierarchical difference determination on the received and transmitted ultrasonic signals, wherein the hierarchical difference determination determines the relative difference of the signal in the hierarchical structure by comparing and analyzing the difference between the received and transmitted signals and the preset ultrasonic signals, wherein the preset ultrasonic signal is the theoretical value of the ultrasonic wave in the target environment, and in the hierarchical difference determination, the ultrasonic signal is regarded as a structure composed of different levels, each level represents a specific feature of the signal, and the difference degree of the ultrasonic signal is determined by comparison, and the received and transmitted ultrasonic signal is calibrated according to the determination result to make it closer to the preset ultrasonic signal and determined as the standard ultrasonic signal, thereby further ensuring the quality and accuracy of the ultrasonic signal.

[0034] In a possible implementation, step S500, building a signal processing module, further includes step S510, reading historical detection records in multiple scenarios, performing signal transmission defect detection, and determining generalized signal defects, wherein the generalized signal defects meet the predetermined frequency, including at least one. Specifically, first read the historical detection records in multiple scenarios, and use these detection records to perform signal transmission defect detection, determine the generalized signal defects in the signal transmission process, and the frequency of the generalized signal defects is at least one, wherein the signal transmission defect detection refers to the defects existing in the detection signal transmission process, which may include abnormal conditions such as noise and signal loss, and the generalized signal defect refers to the signal defect that recurs at a certain frequency in multiple scenarios, indicating that the signal defect is universal in different scenarios. It also includes step S520, configuring a signal defect compensation algorithm for the generalized signal defect. By configuring the signal defect compensation algorithm, the integrity and accuracy of the signal are restored. For example, for the generalized signal defect, the missing signal data is filled by interpolation according to the signal characteristics; the noise and interference in the signal are removed by using a filter; based on the characteristics and patterns of the generalized signal defect, an adaptive algorithm is designed to automatically adjust the processing parameters according to different situations to restore the signal. It also includes step S530, based on the signal defect compensation algorithm, training a multi-level processing layer, each processing layer is configured with a signal detection checkpoint based on defect judgment rules. Among them, the signal detection checkpoint is used to determine whether the signal has defects in the current processing layer, and partially release and process the signal segment with defects. After the processing is completed, it is integrated with the normal signal segment that has not been released, and continues to execute the existing signal defects based on the next processing layer, such as weak signal amplification, signal noise reduction, compensation for missing anomalies, etc. It also includes step S540, combining the multi-level processing layers to generate the signal processing module. The multi-level processing layers obtained above are integrated to build a signal processing module. The signal processing module is successfully built by executing steps S510 to S540, which is used for further judgment and calibration of ultrasonic signals in the future to ensure the integrity and accuracy of ultrasonic signals.

[0035] In a possible implementation, step S500 combines the signal processing module to perform hierarchical difference determination and calibration on the transceiver ultrasonic wave to determine the standard ultrasonic wave signal, and further includes step S550, based on the first signal detection level of the primary processing layer, the transceiver ultrasonic wave is defectively determined and segmented, and the first defect signal segment and the first standard signal segment are extracted. Specifically, according to the first signal detection level of the primary processing layer, the defect decision and segmentation of the transceiver ultrasonic wave are realized, and the first defect signal segment and the first standard signal segment are extracted for subsequent analysis to evaluate the severity of the defect, locate the position of the defect, and further restore the signal. It also includes step S560, performing signal compensation processing based on the primary processing layer on the first defect signal segment to determine a layer of processing results. Signal compensation processing is performed on the first defect signal segment at the primary processing layer, and the processing result is determined to further improve the signal quality. It also includes step S570, integrating the layer of processing results and the first standard signal segment to determine a one-step processing signal. It also includes S580, performing processing layer flow on the one-step processing signal until the level segmentation and algorithm compensation processing of the N-level processing layer are completed to determine the standard ultrasonic wave signal. Specifically, the one-step processed signal obtained above is transferred to each level for processing until the level segmentation and algorithm compensation processing of N-level processing layers are completed, and the subsequent processing result is determined as a standard ultrasonic signal.

[0036] Finally, step S600 is executed to extract signal features and perform time difference calculation based on the standard ultrasonic signal to determine railway wind data, which includes wind direction data and wind speed data. Based on the standard ultrasonic signal obtained above, signal features are extracted and time difference calculation is performed to determine the railway wind data where the ultrasonic wind sensor is located, wherein the railway wind data includes wind direction data and wind speed data. Signal feature extraction refers to feature extraction of the standard ultrasonic signal, which may include frequency domain features, time domain features, energy features, etc. of the signal. The time difference method is a wind measurement method based on the difference in ultrasonic propagation speed.

[0037] In a possible implementation, step S600 extracts signal features and performs time difference calculations, and further includes step S610, identifying the transmission duration of the standard ultrasonic signal, wherein the transmission duration includes the forward transmission duration and the reverse transmission duration, which is based on the interval time between signal transmission and reception. It also includes step S620, measuring and determining the baseline length based on the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group, wherein the baseline length refers to the baseline length of the forward wind measurement group, which is consistent with that of the reverse wind measurement group. It also includes step S630, based on the transmission duration and the baseline length, combined with the ultrasonic wind measurement calculation formula, calculating and obtaining the railway wind data. Specifically, according to the transmission duration of the ultrasonic signal and the determined baseline length, combined with the ultrasonic wind measurement calculation formula, the railway wind data including wind direction data and wind speed data can be calculated, wherein the ultrasonic wind measurement calculation formula in the same horizontal direction is as follows:

[0038]

[0039]

[0040]

[0041] Where: t forward Indicates the time it takes for the ultrasonic wave to be transmitted from probe 1 to probe 2; t back It represents the time taken for the ultrasonic wave to be transmitted from probe 2 to probe 1; d represents the baseline length between the two probes; c represents the ultrasonic wave velocity under the current conditions; and v represents the wind speed under the current conditions.

[0042] According to the above three formulas, the wind speeds in two vertical directions can be calculated by synthesizing the actual wind speed and calculating the wind direction using the two vertical wind speeds. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0043]

[0044]

[0045] In the formula: v represents the synthetic real wind speed; θ represents the wind direction; v1 and v2 represent the wind speeds in two vertical directions respectively; the ultrasonic wind measuring probe is installed symmetrically, with a certain intersection angle in the vertical direction as the north, and the wind direction θ is the angle formed clockwise with the north direction.

[0046] In a possible implementation, after determining the railway wind data, continue to perform the following processing to determine an index threshold for measuring the accuracy of the railway wind data, wherein the index threshold includes a static index threshold and a dynamic index threshold. It is further performed to determine the state of a collection task based on the wind collection instruction, wherein the state of the collection task is static or dynamic. It is also performed to determine whether the index threshold is met based on the state of the collection task, and generate a data accuracy evaluation result. Specifically, based on the static or dynamic state of the collection task obtained above, it is determined whether it meets the index threshold, the accuracy of the railway wind data is evaluated, and the accuracy evaluation result of the railway wind data is generated.

[0047] In the above, refer to Figure 1 A method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasound according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail. Figure 3 A railway wind speed and direction acquisition system based on ultrasonic waves according to an embodiment of the present invention is described.

[0048] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction acquisition system is used to solve the technical problems of insufficient heating reliability of ultrasonic wind sensors in complex railway environments and susceptibility to interference of ultrasonic signals, which in turn leads to inaccurate railway wind force measurement results, thereby achieving the technical effect of improving the measurement accuracy and environmental adaptability of railway wind sensors. An ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction acquisition system includes: a wind sensor assembly information reading module 10, a real-time temperature detection and determination module 20, an ultrasonic transceiver control module 30, a standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40, and a railway wind force data determination module 50.

[0049] A wind sensor assembly information reading module 10, wherein the wind sensor assembly information reading module 10 is used to read basic assembly information of an ultrasonic wind sensor assembled on a target railway, wherein the ultrasonic wind sensor is a two-way four-bit structure;

[0050] A real-time temperature detection and determination module 20, the real-time temperature detection and determination module 20 is used to receive a wind power collection instruction, and activate a temperature sensor to perform real-time temperature detection of a railway environment and determine real-time temperature data; if the real-time temperature data does not meet a temperature threshold, a preheating instruction is generated to drive a heating device to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to a temperature threshold, the temperature threshold being determined based on normal detection requirements, and the preheating instruction is marked with a heating temperature and a heating time;

[0051] An ultrasonic transceiver control module 30, the ultrasonic transceiver control module 30 is used to drive the piezoelectric ceramic to perform ultrasonic transceiver control based on the basic assembly information, and determine the transceiver of ultrasonic waves, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for electrical-to-acoustic energy conversion, and the transceiver of ultrasonic waves includes forward ultrasonic waves and reverse ultrasonic waves;

[0052] A standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40, the standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40 is used to combine with the signal processing module to perform layer difference determination and calibration on the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves to determine a standard ultrasonic signal;

[0053] The railway wind data determination module 50 is used to extract signal features and perform time difference calculation based on the standard ultrasonic signal to determine the railway wind data, wherein the railway wind data includes wind direction data and wind speed data.

[0054] The specific configuration of the real-time temperature detection and determination module 20 will be described in detail below. As described above, after receiving the wind power collection instruction, the real-time temperature detection and determination module 20 may further include: generating a device self-test instruction as the wind power collection instruction is received; based on the device self-test instruction, performing a power-on self-test on the ultrasonic wind sensor to determine the self-test parameters; if the self-test parameters do not meet the device standard parameters, performing a device calibration alarm, and tracing and calibrating the abnormal service status of the ultrasonic wind sensor.

[0055] The specific configuration of the ultrasonic transceiver control module 30 will be described in detail below. As described above, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to perform ultrasonic transceiver control, and the ultrasonic transceiver control module 30 can further include: based on the two-way four-bit structure of the ultrasonic wind sensor, the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group are determined; the ultrasonic wave is transmitted, and the transmitting components of the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group are driven respectively, and the forward ultrasonic wave and the reverse ultrasonic wave of the receiving component are obtained; the transmitted ultrasonic wave and the forward ultrasonic wave and the reverse ultrasonic wave are used as the transceiver ultrasonic wave.

[0056] The specific configuration of the standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40 will be described in detail below. As described above, before combining with the signal processing module, the signal processing module is built, and the standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40 further includes: reading historical detection records under multiple scenarios, performing signal transmission defect detection, and determining generalized signal defects, wherein the generalized signal defects meet the predetermined frequency, including at least one; configuring a signal defect compensation algorithm for the generalized signal defect; based on the signal defect compensation algorithm, training a multi-level processing layer, wherein each level of the processing layer is configured with a signal detection checkpoint based on a defect determination rule; combining the multi-level processing layers to generate the signal processing module.

[0057] The specific configuration of the standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40 will be described in detail below. As described above, in combination with the signal processing module, the transceiver ultrasonic wave is subjected to hierarchical difference determination and calibration to determine the standard ultrasonic signal. The standard ultrasonic signal determination module 40 further includes: based on the first signal detection checkpoint of the first-level processing layer, defect decision and segmentation are performed on the transceiver ultrasonic wave, and the first defect signal segment and the first standard signal segment are extracted; the first defect signal segment is subjected to signal compensation processing based on the first-level processing layer to determine a first-level processing result; the first-level processing result is integrated with the first standard signal segment to determine a one-step processing signal; the one-step processing signal is circulated through the processing layers until the checkpoint segmentation and algorithm compensation processing of the N-level processing layers are completed to determine the standard ultrasonic signal.

[0058] The specific configuration of the railway wind data determination module 50 will be described in detail below. As described above, the signal features are extracted and the time difference method is calculated. The railway wind data determination module 50 may further include: identifying the transmission time of the standard ultrasonic signal, the transmission time includes the forward transmission time and the reverse transmission time, which is based on the interval time between signal transmission and reception; based on the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group, measuring and determining the baseline length; based on the transmission time and the baseline length, combined with the ultrasonic wind measurement calculation formula, calculating and obtaining the railway wind data.

[0059] The specific configuration of the railway wind data determination module 50 will be described in detail below. As described above, after determining the railway wind data, the railway wind data determination module 50 may further include: determining an index threshold for measuring the accuracy of the railway wind data, the index threshold including a static index threshold and a dynamic index threshold; determining a collection task state based on the wind collection instruction; based on the collection task state, determining whether the index threshold is met, and generating a data accuracy evaluation result.

[0060] An ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction collection system provided in an embodiment of the present invention can execute an ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction collection method provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has functional modules and beneficial effects corresponding to the execution method.

[0061] Although the present application makes various references to certain modules in the system according to the embodiments of the present application, any number of different modules may be used and run on the user terminal and / or server, and the various units and modules included are only divided according to functional logic, but are not limited to the above division, as long as the corresponding functions can be achieved; in addition, the specific names of the functional units are only for the convenience of distinguishing each other, and are not used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of this application. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included in the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves, characterized in that: The method comprises: Reading basic installation information of an ultrasonic wind sensor installed on a target railway, wherein the ultrasonic wind sensor is a two-way four-bit structure; Receive wind power collection instructions and activate temperature sensors to perform real-time temperature detection of the railway environment and determine real-time temperature data; If the real-time temperature data does not meet the temperature threshold, a preheating instruction is generated to drive the heating device to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to the temperature threshold, wherein the temperature threshold is determined based on normal detection requirements, and the preheating instruction is marked with a heating temperature and a heating time; Based on the basic assembly information, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to perform ultrasonic wave reception and transmission control, and the ultrasonic wave reception and transmission are determined, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for performing electrical-to-acoustic energy conversion, and the ultrasonic wave reception and transmission include forward ultrasonic wave and reverse ultrasonic wave; Combined with the signal processing module, the layer difference determination and calibration of the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves are performed to determine the standard ultrasonic signal; Based on the standard ultrasonic signal, extract signal features and perform time difference calculation to determine railway wind data, wherein the railway wind data includes wind direction data and wind speed data; Wherein, the piezoelectric ceramic is driven to control the transmission and reception of ultrasonic waves, and the method further comprises: Based on the two-way four-bit structure of the ultrasonic wind measurement sensor, a forward wind measurement group and a reverse wind measurement group are determined; Determine to transmit ultrasonic waves, drive the transmitting components of the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group respectively, and obtain the forward ultrasonic waves and the reverse ultrasonic waves of the receiving components; The transmitting ultrasonic wave, the forward ultrasonic wave and the reverse ultrasonic wave are used as the transmitting and receiving ultrasonic waves; Building a signal processing module, the method further includes: Read historical detection records in multiple scenarios, perform signal transmission defect detection, and determine generalized signal defects, wherein the generalized signal defects meet a predetermined frequency and include at least one; According to the generalized signal defect, a signal defect compensation algorithm is configured; Based on the signal defect compensation algorithm, training multiple processing layers, wherein each processing layer is configured with a signal detection checkpoint based on a defect determination rule; Combining the multiple processing layers to generate the signal processing module; In combination with the signal processing module, the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves are subjected to level difference determination and calibration to determine a standard ultrasonic signal. The method further comprises: Based on the first signal detection level of the primary processing layer, defect decision and segmentation are performed on the transmitted and received ultrasonic waves to extract the first defect signal segment and the first standard signal segment; Performing signal compensation processing based on the primary processing layer on the first defect signal segment to determine a first-layer processing result; Integrate the first layer processing result and the first standard signal segment to determine a one-step processing signal; The one-step processed signal is transferred through processing layers until the level segmentation and algorithm compensation processing of N-level processing layers are completed to determine the standard ultrasonic signal.

2. The method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: After receiving the wind power collection instruction, the method further includes: With the receipt of the wind power collection instruction, a device self-check instruction is generated; Based on the device self-test instruction, the ultrasonic wind sensor is powered on for self-test to determine self-test parameters; If the self-test parameters do not meet the equipment standard parameters, an equipment calibration alarm is issued, and the abnormal service status of the ultrasonic wind sensor is traced and calibrated.

3. The method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of extracting signal features and performing time difference method calculation also includes: Identify the transmission duration of the standard ultrasonic signal, wherein the transmission duration includes a forward transmission duration and a reverse transmission duration, which is based on the interval time between signal transmission and reception; Based on the forward wind measurement group and the reverse wind measurement group, the baseline length is measured and determined; Based on the transmission time and the baseline length, combined with the ultrasonic wind measurement calculation formula, the railway wind data is calculated and obtained.

4. The method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasonic waves according to claim 1, characterized in that: After determining the railway wind data, the method further includes: Determining an indicator threshold for measuring the accuracy of railway wind data, wherein the indicator threshold includes a static indicator threshold and a dynamic indicator threshold; Determining a collection task status based on the wind power collection instruction; Based on the collection task status, determine whether the indicator threshold is met and generate a data accuracy evaluation result.

5. An ultrasonic-based railway wind speed and direction acquisition system, characterized in that: The system is used to implement the method for collecting wind speed and direction for railways based on ultrasound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the system comprises: A wind sensor assembly information reading module, the wind sensor assembly information reading module is used to read the basic assembly information of the ultrasonic wind sensor assembled on the target railway, wherein the ultrasonic wind sensor is a two-way four-bit structure; A real-time temperature detection and determination module, the real-time temperature detection and determination module is used to receive a wind power collection instruction, activate a temperature sensor, perform real-time temperature detection of a railway environment, and determine real-time temperature data; if the real-time temperature data does not meet a temperature threshold, a preheating instruction is generated to drive a heating device to heat the piezoelectric ceramic to a temperature threshold, the temperature threshold is determined based on normal detection requirements, and the preheating instruction is marked with a heating temperature and a heating time; An ultrasonic transceiver control module, the ultrasonic transceiver control module is used to drive the piezoelectric ceramic to perform ultrasonic transceiver control based on the basic assembly information, and determine the transceiver of ultrasonic waves, wherein the piezoelectric ceramic is a transmitting source for electrical-to-acoustic energy conversion, and the transceiver of ultrasonic waves includes forward ultrasonic waves and reverse ultrasonic waves; A standard ultrasonic signal determination module, which is used to combine with the signal processing module to perform layer difference determination and calibration on the received and transmitted ultrasonic waves to determine a standard ultrasonic signal; A railway wind data determination module is used to extract signal features and perform time difference calculation based on the standard ultrasonic signal to determine railway wind data, wherein the railway wind data includes wind direction data and wind speed data.

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