Gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators

Abstract

The present invention provides a gel-foam-water mist joint control and cleaning equipment for dust generation in the open-pit excavator stage, which includes three modules: combined dust monitoring, preparation of mixed dust removal base liquid, and multi-stage dynamic dust removal. Laser and magnetic induction are used to monitor the dust concentration around the excavator bucket, and the monitoring station is placed in front of the cab. The mixed dust removal base liquid is mainly prepared by a three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir and a hollow liquid feeding stirring foamer, and the base liquid is used as a carrier to perform foam covering and dust suppression near the bucket and gel penetration and dust suppression. Independent dust removal response modes are designed for the high-frequency actions of digging, lifting, transporting, and falling in the excavator's mining and loading operations, which are pre-wetting dust reduction, multi-point water mist dust removal, directional covering dust suppression, and continuous atomization dust reduction. The dust removal nozzles are divided into Group A M-shaped foaming nozzles and Group B rotary atomizing nozzles, which remove dust inside and around the excavator bucket by foam covering, gel penetration, and droplet purification, respectively.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention discloses gel-foam-water mist joint control and cleaning equipment for dust generated in an open-pit excavator stage, and relates to the field of dust generation control during continuous movement of a bucket in mining and loading operations of an open-pit excavator. Background Art

[0002] To improve industrial production and construction efficiency, excavators are widely used for open-pit mining and transportation operations in many fields, such as mining, road construction, and municipal engineering. This process generates large amounts of high-concentration suspended dust. Dust is primarily generated when the excavator crushes and loads coal and rock. The bucket's actions of excavation (digging), lifting (lifting), transporting (transporting), and lowering (dropping) release large amounts of dust into the surrounding environment. Furthermore, the periodic natural winds in the construction area exacerbate the three-dimensional dispersion of dust, resulting in a large dust-raising area and widespread pollution during the excavator bucket's movement. In particular, large amounts of dust accumulate near the bucket, causing severe localized dust pollution and posing a health threat to excavator operators, truck drivers, and surrounding workers. Long-term exposure to high-concentration dust can induce serious occupational diseases among frontline workers, while also worsening the working environment and impacting efficiency. Therefore, targeted dust control measures for the various stages of open-pit excavation are crucial.

[0003] At present, dust generation from open-pit excavators primarily occurs during mining and loading operations. Common dust removal methods for mining and loading operations include pre-spraying the coal pile with water or an additive solution, spraying water to remove dust during excavation, and installing spray sprinklers on the excavator shovel. These dust removal methods are somewhat effective in removing dust during mining and loading operations, but water mist cannot cover and envelop floating dust during transportation, causing dust to rise during transportation. Furthermore, as on-site operation time increases, moisture evaporates into the air, significantly weakening the wetting effect of water spray on coal, gangue, and other materials. Spraying water over a large area of ​​the excavator operating area for extended periods of time will result in significant water waste and increased operating costs. At existing excavator construction sites, various types of dust removal devices are relatively scattered and cannot be integrated. Furthermore, the dust removal methods are relatively simple and cannot better adapt to the specific dust-generating actions of individual machines during mining and loading operations. Aiming at the dust generation problem of open-pit excavators during mining and loading operations, the present invention proposes a gel-foam-water mist joint control cleaning equipment for dust generation in the excavator stage, focusing on the high-frequency and repetitive dust-generating actions of the excavator such as digging, lifting, transporting, and dropping. The equipment is integrated into the excavator body, and through the cooperation of specially designed dust removal nozzles and various devices mounted on the fuselage, it provides three dust removal modes: mist droplet purification of dust, foam covering of dust blocking, and gel penetration of dust suppression. It enriches the dust removal methods in the actual operation process, improves the enterprise's level of scientific and technological prevention and control of dust pollution, effectively reduces the dust concentration near the excavator, and improves the work efficiency of front-line operators. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides gel-foam-water mist joint control and cleaning equipment for dust generation in the excavator stage, which realizes the integrated integration of combined dust concentration monitoring, mixed dust removal base liquid preparation, and multi-stage dynamic dust removal, effectively reduces the dust concentration near the excavator bucket, improves the health protection of front-line workers, and reduces pollution to the open air environment.

[0005] The present invention includes three modules in terms of functions: combined dust concentration monitoring, mixed dust removal base liquid preparation and multi-stage dynamic dust removal:

[0006] In the first module, the present invention adopts laser and magnetic induction to jointly monitor the dust generated by the excavator, and the optical-magnetic combined dust measuring platform is installed on the lower side of the front of the excavator cab.

[0007] In the second module, this equipment is designed with three-tank variable pressure liquid storage device, hollow liquid feeding stirring foamer, compression auxiliary boosting device and foaming nozzle automatic alignment device during the preparation process of dust removal foaming base liquid.

[0008] The main body of the three-tank variable pressure liquid storage tank includes a water storage tank, a foaming agent addition tank and a gelling agent addition tank. The upper part of the tank body includes a water inlet, an auxiliary air inlet and a three-phase boost regulating valve, etc. The lower part of the tank body is a slot-type multi-stage suction cup buffer chassis.

[0009] In particular, the tank body adopts a double-layer structure, and the interior is covered with an anti-stick and anti-oxidation spray layer to reduce the corrosion of the additives on the tank body. A high-elastic and anti-fatigue pressure membrane is used to isolate the external water and additives, and the pressure in the additive tank is adjusted through deformation. A transparent visual liquid level observation groove is opened on the outside of the tank body to display the liquid level of various additives in the tank body.

[0010] Preferably, the three-tank variable pressure liquid storage tank is provided with a slot-type multi-stage suction cup buffer chassis, which includes radial fixed inserts and row-type multi-stage buffer suction cups, and the tank body is fixed in conjunction with the insert grooves reserved for welding on the rear box of the excavator. The height of the suction cup is slightly higher than the insert to achieve a better buffering effect.

[0011] In particular, the compression-type auxiliary boosting device is connected to the telescopic hydraulic rod of the excavator, and includes an embedded fiber mesh anti-fatigue air bag and a one-way air valve. It relies on the reciprocating motion of the hydraulic rod to introduce external air into the air bag, thereby achieving the effect of air suction and pressurization, and boosts the three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir through the outlet pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-fatigue air bags embedded with fiber mesh are fixed at both ends of the hydraulic rod, and the overlapping annular structure thereof reduces the material fatigue caused by the air intake and pressurization process.

[0013] In particular, the automatic alignment device for the foaming nozzle includes a flexible anti-wear pull rope and a self-weighted self-centering pendulum. The self-centering pendulum adopts a special structure, and its center of gravity is designed to be 1 / 4 below the pendulum. The self-centering pendulum is fixed to the excavator arm by the rotating shaft at its narrow end. One end of the flexible pull rope is fixed to the end of the hydraulic rod, and the other end is connected to the narrow end head of the self-centering pendulum.

[0014] Preferably, the foaming nozzle automatic alignment device utilizes the hydraulic telescopic rod on the forearm of the excavator. When the telescopic rod is in the extended state, the foaming nozzle is aligned with the center position of the excavator bucket through the flexible anti-wear pull rope and the return pendulum. When the telescopic rod is in the retracted state, the foaming nozzle is lifted to avoid collision damage during the excavator's mining and loading operations.

[0015] In particular, the hollow liquid-feeding stirring foamer includes a self-priming gas mixing device, a hollow rotating liquid-injecting rod, an anti-sticky whisker-like stirring brush, an embedded porous foaming channel and an adaptive electronic shock-proof suction cup.

[0016] Preferably, the self-priming mixing gas is designed at the throat of the water pipeline. According to the Venturi structure principle, the high-speed liquid flow at the narrow channel position is used to suck air into the pipeline. The air intake adopts a stepped gradient design to ensure the uniformity and stability of the air intake. The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the throat and the mixing pipe is A1:A2=2:3, which better utilizes the pressure drop at the throat to intake air.

[0017] Preferably, the hollow rotating injection rod is distributed in a tree shape, and the transmission fan inside the device rotates under the impact of the water flow. The foaming additive or gel agent moves from the inside of the pipe to the branch part and is released from the serrated injection port. The whisker-like stirring brush is distributed on one side of the branch channel, and the hard polyvinyl chloride material is used to ensure hardness and toughness.

[0018] Preferably, the embedded porous foaming channel has a stepped changing direction foaming channel and a bowl-shaped foaming outlet distributed inside. The changing direction channel is laid out with 5 layers of narrow liquid pipes, which enter the next level channel through the mixed liquid buffer zone of the spacing layer. The foaming mixed base liquid enters from one end, changes direction and flows between each layer to be fully mixed, and the dust removal foam is released from the bowl-shaped foaming outlet.

[0019] Preferably, an adaptive electronic shockproof suction cup fixes the foamer on the rear box of the excavator, and a honeycomb buffer water bag is arranged inside. The electronic suction cup can sense the degree of fit between itself and the rear box of the excavator and automatically adjust the suction force. The buffer water bag is made of highly elastic material and can quickly recover after being deformed by force, and can relieve force and buffer when the foamer is subjected to impact force.

[0020] In particular, the inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle includes a threaded ring nozzle fixation, a self-priming airflow inlet, a surround-type dust-proof flow stabilizing cover, an M-shaped three-dimensional covering nozzle and an internal liquid mixing design. The foaming nozzle is installed on the inner side of the excavator's forearm.

[0021] Preferably, the threaded ring nozzle is fixed to help connect the nozzle to the liquid delivery pipe. The self-priming air inlet is a tapered air inlet channel. The Venturi structure principle is used to set a narrow channel in the liquid inlet channel. Here, the liquid flow velocity v increases and the static pressure p decreases, realizing the self-priming air mixing of the nozzle. Its Bernoulli equation is p+ρv 2 / 2+ρgh=C, the surrounding dustproof and steady flow cover adopts a copper wire woven grid structure, and the diameter of the dustproof and steady flow cover is 10 to 12 meshes.

[0022] Preferably, the foaming liquid enters the interior of the nozzle, acts on the stirring fan and drives the rotating liquid inlet mixing paddle to rotate, and multi-stage progressive liquid holes are distributed on the paddle surface to help the foaming liquid and air to mix better; a strip-shaped surface covering flow guide is provided at the front end of the nozzle, and the stepped gradient guide groove inside it delivers the dust removal foam evenly and stably to the foam outlet surface.

[0023] Preferably, the M-shaped three-dimensional covering nozzle is a symmetrical folding structure, and the foam or gel is released from four convex foaming surfaces. Its M-shaped layout produces a three-dimensional foaming effect, and an anti-sticking and anti-corrosion mesh is arranged on the outside of the convex foaming surface.

[0024] In particular, the rotary atomizing nozzle includes a multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer, an open conical ejector and a replaceable hydrophobic protective cover. The nozzle is fixed to the side wall of the bucket by a semi-shielded strong magnetic base. The strong magnetic base is 200 mm deep from the bucket surface. The replaceable hydrophobic protective cover adopts a copper mesh surface with a hydrophobic anti-corrosion coating attached to the outside.

[0025] Preferably, the rotary water-dividing atomizer is distributed with funnel-shaped streamlined drainage grooves, which are continuously distributed on the surface of the atomizer, breaking up the high-speed water flow into atomized small droplets; the conical ejector is distributed with crescent-shaped jet lines and fan-shaped baffles, and the baffle is provided with a gradual guide groove to guide the water flow to diffuse to one side, forming a unilateral water mist on the side of the bucket wall.

[0026] Thirdly, the multi-stage dynamic dust removal of the excavator includes the pipeline distribution between devices and the dust removal response design. Its external water pipeline supplies water to the three-tank variable pressure liquid storage tank, stirring foamer and group B rotary atomizing nozzle equipped on the excavator. The quantity-controlled liquid inlet valve and the multi-phase liquid control valve cooperate to realize three dust removal modes: droplet purification of dust, foam covering and dust blocking, and gel penetration and dust suppression.

[0027] In particular, the response of the excavator's multi-stage dynamic dust removal is divided into primary simple response, intermediate general response, advanced rapid response and special emergency response according to the dust concentration in the space. The four processes of digging, lifting, transporting and dropping of the excavator bucket are respectively adopted with pre-wetting dust reduction, multi-point water mist dust removal, directional covering dust suppression and continuous atomization dust reduction. For different response levels, the power of each dust removal action is adjusted through the control valve of the device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the detailed technical solution of the gel-foam-water mist joint control cleaning equipment for dust generation in the open-pit excavator stage of the present invention, the drawings required in the embodiments will be specifically introduced below.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated layout of the excavator dust removal device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the compression-type boosting and nozzle alignment device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a three-tank variable pressure liquid storage tank according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hollow liquid feeding stirring foamer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a rotary atomizing nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a pipeline for modulating, mixing and releasing a foaming base liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of graded dynamic dust removal for an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Ф1: 250~300mm; Ф2: 80~100mm; Ф3: 10~15mm.

[0039] Reference Figure 1As shown, the integrated layout of the excavator's dust removal system integrates various devices into the excavator's body, including a combined optical and magnetic dust measuring station, a group A of M-shaped foaming nozzles, a group B of rotary atomizing nozzles, liquid feed pipes A and B, a compression-type auxiliary booster, a three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir, and a hollow liquid feeding and stirring foamer. The combined optical and magnetic dust measuring station is located directly in front of the lower side of the excavator's cab. During open-pit excavation and loading operations, dust generated by the continuous movement of the bucket is detected by the dust measuring station. Using laser dust measurement and magnetic induction coupling principles, dust generation from the excavator's bucket movement is monitored and promptly fed back to the equipment operator. The dust removal response is then classified based on the dust concentration in the space. The group A of M-shaped foaming nozzles and the group B of rotary atomizing nozzles are located on the inside of the excavator's forearm and the wall of the bucket, respectively. An automatic nozzle alignment device is designed on the forearm to help the M-shaped foaming nozzle align with the excavator bucket. A compression-type auxiliary booster is installed on the hydraulic lever of the excavator's boom. A three-tank variable-pressure fluid reservoir and a hollow liquid-feeding, agitating, and foaming unit are fixed to the excavator's rear box. An external water pipeline connects to the rear box to supply water and boost pressure for the entire system. Liquid feed pipe A connects to the hollow liquid-feeding, agitating, and foaming unit, providing foam, gel, or pressurized water to Group A's M-shaped foaming nozzles. Liquid feed pipe B connects to an external water pipeline to provide water to Group B's rotary atomizing nozzles.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the compression-type boosting and nozzle-aligning devices are installed on the excavator's forearm and boom, respectively. The compression-type auxiliary boosting device is connected to the excavator's boom's telescopic hydraulic rod. Its structure includes an embedded fiber mesh anti-fatigue air bag and a one-way air valve. The hydraulic rod's reciprocating motion achieves suction and pressure boosting. During open-pit mining and loading operations, the excavator's hydraulic rod repeats a reciprocating telescopic motion. The fiber mesh anti-fatigue air bags are secured to each end of the hydraulic rod. Working in conjunction with the sealed air bags and one-way air valve, the hydraulic rod extends, drawing ambient air into the air bags. The hydraulic rod's return compression motion releases compressed air from the outlet, boosting the pressure of the three-tank variable-pressure reservoir. The fiber mesh anti-fatigue air bags are constructed of a rubber-based waterproof material to ensure proper operation in rainy and snowy conditions. Their overlapping ring structure reduces material fatigue during the suction and pressure boosting process. The embedded fiber mesh increases the air bag's service life, making it more resilient to wind and sand erosion in open-air environments.

[0041] The automatic alignment device for the foaming nozzle consists of a flexible, wear-resistant pull rope and a self-weighted self-centering pendulum. The self-centering pendulum utilizes a special structure with its center of gravity positioned one-quarter of the way down. The pendulum is secured to the excavator's arm by a rotating shaft at its narrow end. One end of the flexible pull rope is fixed to the end of the hydraulic rod and the other end is connected to the narrow end of the self-centering pendulum. The self-centering pendulum features a copper metal housing filled with lead, with the rotating shaft embedded within the excavator's forearm. The pull rope is constructed of fine steel wire, braided with multiple strands of highly elastic fiber to enhance the material's fatigue resistance and suitability for long-term, repeated use. The automatic alignment device for the foaming nozzle utilizes a hydraulic telescopic rod on the excavator's forearm in conjunction with the self-weighted self-centering pendulum. When the telescopic rod is extended, the flexible, wear-resistant pull rope and self-centering pendulum coordinate to align the foaming nozzle with the center of the excavator bucket. When the telescopic rod is retracted, the foaming nozzle is lifted, preventing damage from collisions during excavator loading operations.

[0042] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the main body of the three-tank variable-pressure liquid reservoir comprises a water storage tank, a foaming agent addition tank, and a gelling agent addition tank. The upper portion of the tank body includes a water inlet, an auxiliary air inlet, and a three-phase boost regulating valve. The lower portion of the tank body features a slot-type, multi-stage suction cup cushioning chassis. The tank body utilizes a double-layer structure, with an internal anti-stick, anti-oxidation spray coating to reduce corrosion from the foaming agent and gelling agent additives. A highly elastic, fatigue-resistant pressure membrane isolates the external water supply from the additives, regulating the pressure within the additive tank through its own deformation. Each tank body features a transparent, visible liquid level observation slot, allowing the operator to monitor the liquid level. An external water supply pipeline connects to the water inlet of the three-tank variable-pressure liquid reservoir. Water is distributed by a three-phase boost regulating valve to the foaming agent addition tank, water tank, and gelling agent addition tank. By varying the deformation state of the highly elastic, fatigue-resistant pressure membrane within each tank, the pressure of the additives and storage water is regulated, supplying the foaming agent, gelling agent, and pressurized water to the hollow liquid-feeding, stirring, and foaming device.

[0043] In this device, compressed air provided by a compression-type auxiliary booster enters the upper portion of the water tank's gas-liquid isolation cushion through an auxiliary air inlet. Accumulating compressed air above this pressure imparts sufficient pressure to the water source within the tank, allowing it to enter the agitator and frother, cleaning the additive release channel. Furthermore, an explosion-proof pressure relief valve is installed to prevent excessive pressure within the tank, creating a potential safety hazard. The three-tank variable-pressure liquid storage system features a slot-type, multi-stage suction cup buffer chassis, comprised of radially fixed inserts and a series of multi-stage buffer cups. The series of cups consists of a main suction cup with a diameter of 250-300 mm at the center of the chassis, complemented by twelve auxiliary suction cups with diameters of 80-100 mm distributed radially around it. The suction cup group fixes and cushions the three-tank transformer liquid storage tank. The reserved insertion slots are welded on the rear box of the excavator, which are adapted to the 8 insertion strips at the bottom of the tank for easy fixation. The height of the suction cup is slightly higher than the insertion strips to produce a better cushioning effect.

[0044] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the hollow liquid-feeding stirring foamer comprises a self-priming aeration device, a hollow rotating liquid injection rod, an anti-stick whisker stirring brush, an embedded porous foaming channel, and an adaptive electronic shock-absorbing suction cup. External water flows into the mixing foamer through the water inlet and self-primes at the throat. The liquid impacts the internal drive fan of the foamer, causing the tree-like stirring pipe to rotate. The foaming agent and gelling agent are injected through the pipes within the tree-like stirring device and released through the serrated liquid injection ports on the branches of the tree pipe. They are mixed with the water-gas mixture and then pass through the embedded foaming channel, transforming the foam base liquid into a finer foam. The self-priming aeration device is designed at the throat of the water supply pipe. Based on the Venturi structure principle, high-speed liquid flow in the narrow channel is used to draw air into the pipe. The air intake adopts a stepped design to ensure uniform and stable air intake. The cross-sectional area ratio of the throat pipe to the liquid mixing pipe is A1:A2 = 2:3, which better utilizes the pressure drop at the throat pipe to draw air and liquid.

[0045] Figure 4 The hollow rotating injection rod shown has a tree-like layout, with branching pipes lined with serrated outlets and anti-stick whisker-like stirring brushes. A drive fan inside the device rotates under the impact of the water flow, driving the branch-like hollow pipes to stir, allowing the foaming additive or gel to move from the central pipe into the branch pipes. During rotation, the serrated injection port releases the liquid, while whisker-like stirring brushes are located on the sides of the branch pipes. Made of rigid polyvinyl chloride for strength and toughness, the brushes are coated with Teflon to prevent the foaming base liquid or additive from sticking inside the device, facilitating subsequent pressurized water cleaning of residual agents. The embedded porous foaming channel, embedded in the wall of the agitator foamer, contains a stepped, redirecting foaming channel and a bowl-shaped outlet. The redirecting channel consists of five layers of narrow liquid pipes, which pass through a spacer layer of mixed liquid buffer before entering the next channel. The foaming mixed base liquid flows in from one end, redirects between the layers for thorough mixing, and releases foam from the bowl-shaped outlet. This continuous mixing and redirection of the foaming base liquid achieves a more complete foaming effect. An adaptive electronic shock-absorbing suction cup secures the agitator foamer to the rear chassis of the excavator. A separate honeycomb-shaped buffer water bag is located inside the suction cup. During mining and transportation operations, the excavator may experience some shaking or vibration. The electronic suction cup senses its fit with the rear chassis and automatically adjusts its suction force to maintain stability. The buffer water bag is made of highly elastic material, quickly recovering from deformation and resistant to rupture. Placing it below the agitator foamer provides force relief and buffering.

[0046] Reference Figure 5As shown, the inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle includes a threaded ring nozzle fixation, a self-priming airflow inlet, a surrounding dust-proof stabilizing cover, an M-shaped three-dimensional covering nozzle and an internal liquid mixing design. The foaming nozzle is installed on the inner side of the forearm of the excavator. The threaded ring nozzle fixation helps to connect the nozzle to the liquid delivery pipe. The self-priming airflow inlet is designed as a tapered air intake channel to facilitate the entry of airflow. The Venturi structure principle is used to set a narrow channel in the liquid inlet channel, where the pressure p of the liquid flow is reduced and the liquid flow velocity v is increased. Under the action of atmospheric pressure, the external airflow is squeezed into the interior of the nozzle to achieve self-priming air mixing of the nozzle. Its Bernoulli equation is p+ρv 2 / 2+ρgh=C. The surrounding dustproof and steady flow cover adopts a copper wire woven grid structure, which has a certain ability to resist falling objects and prevent large particles of solid from blocking the self-priming mixing channel. Its size is set to 10-12 mesh.

[0047] Figure 5 During the process, the foaming liquid enters the M-shaped foaming nozzle. The impact force of the liquid partially acts on the stirring fan, driving the rotating liquid-inlet mixing paddle. The paddle surface is distributed with multiple levels of progressive liquid holes. The gas-liquid mixed flow flows through the multi-level irregular holes, helping to better mix the foaming liquid and air. A strip-shaped surface-covered flow guide is set at the front end of the nozzle. The stepped gradient guide groove inside it creates a certain barrier to the mixed foam or gel, causing it to flow from the middle to the sides. Through the gradually changing flow holes from small to large, the dust removal foam is evenly and stably delivered to the foaming surface. The M-shaped three-dimensional covering nozzle has a symmetrical folding structure. The foam or gel is released from four convex foaming surfaces. Its M-shaped layout produces a three-dimensional foaming effect, more comprehensively covering the interior of the excavator bucket. An anti-stick and anti-rust mesh is arranged on the outside of the convex foaming surface to prevent small solid particles from clogging the foaming nozzle during dust removal. At the same time, the mesh is made of copper material and uses anti-oxidation paint to reduce the corrosion of foam or gel on the mesh surface under long-term use, which affects the dust removal effect inside the bucket.

[0048] Reference Figure 6As shown, the rotary atomizing nozzle includes a multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer, an open conical ejector, and a replaceable hydrophobic protective cover; the impact water flow enters from the bottom of the rotary atomizer, and impacts the stirring fan inside the nozzle, driving the rotation of the multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer in the open and exposed part of the upper part of the nozzle. After passing through the stirring fan, the impact water flow shrinks through a narrow channel and passes through the open conical ejector, which releases crescent-shaped water rays that collide with the rotating multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer, producing a better atomization effect. The four rotary atomizing nozzles are fixed to the side wall of the bucket by a semi-shielded strong magnetic base in the form of a rectangular fulcrum. The strong magnetic base is 200mm deep from the bucket surface, and a corresponding base slot is provided on the side wall of the bucket to help fix the base. The replaceable hydrophobic protective cover adopts a copper mesh surface to prevent small solid particles near the bucket from clogging the nozzle. A hydrophobic anti-corrosion coating is attached to the outside. The top of the protective cover provides support for the rotating shaft of the multi-directional rotating water separation atomizer. The hydrophobic anti-corrosion coating is used to slow down the oxidation and rust of the metal mesh surface of the protective cover under long-term water erosion.

[0049] Figure 6 The multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer features funnel-shaped streamlined drainage grooves that spiral upward and are continuously distributed across the atomizer surface, breaking up high-speed water flow into atomized droplets. A hydrophobic coating is applied to the surface of the water-dividing atomizer grooves to reduce water residence time. The conical ejector features crescent-shaped jet lines and fan-shaped flow blockers. The flow blockers feature gradient flow guides that direct the crescent-shaped jet toward the outer portion of the rotary water-dividing atomizer, where it undergoes unilateral collision and diffusion, forming a unilateral water mist on the side of the bucket wall, effectively removing dust generated around the bucket.

[0050] Reference Figure 7 The diagram shows the schematic diagram of the foaming base liquid modulation, mixing, and release pipeline, including an external water supply pipeline, branch pipelines, a three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir, a multiphase liquid control valve, a controlled liquid inlet valve, a hollow liquid feed stirring and foaming device, Group A M-shaped atomizing nozzles, and Group B rotary atomizing nozzles. As shown in the figure, water flows from the outside through the water supply pipeline into the various equipment in the excavator's rear box. Embedded multi-stage anti-clogging filters are installed within the water supply pipeline to improve water quality and protect other water-using devices from clogging. Branch pipelines connect the three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir, the hollow liquid feed stirring and foaming device, and Group B rotary atomizing nozzles. Branch pipelines are made of high-elastic fiber wear-resistant material to improve environmental adaptability and pipeline toughness. Liquid enters the three-tank reservoir, supplying water to the water storage tank, foaming agent addition tank, and gelling agent addition tank, respectively. The water pressure provided by the water pressure modulates the deformation of the high-elastic diaphragm, forcing the additive into the multiphase liquid control valve. The external water flows through the controlled liquid inlet valve and the pipeline diversion, and is divided into 4 branches to supply water to the rotary atomizing nozzle of group B; the external water pipeline and the extension pipeline of the multiphase liquid control valve provide water source and dust removal additives to the stirring foamer at the same time. After mixing and foaming, they are released by the M-shaped atomizing nozzle of group A and cover the bucket to suppress dust.

[0051] Figure 7 As shown, a three-tank variable-pressure liquid reservoir delivers foaming additive, pressurized water, and gelling additive to a multiphase liquid control valve. The multiphase liquid control valve controls the order in which the foaming and gelling agents are added to the agitator foamer. Any changes in additives require a water wash to remove residual material. The foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent primarily based on carbonates, with a certain proportion of anionic surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate, added to reduce environmental and personnel hazards while improving the foaming efficiency of the device. The gelling agent is a hydrogel derived from a cellulose derivative, blended with an appropriate amount of maltose. This addition enhances the viscosity and permeability of the resulting gel, making it more environmentally friendly and user-friendly. Under the control of the multiphase liquid control valve, the M-shaped atomizing nozzles in group A can achieve two dust removal modes within the bucket: foam coverage and gel penetration. Pressurized water is required to remove residual material from the agitator foamer when switching between the two dust removal modes. Four B-group rotary atomizing nozzles are fixed on the wall of the excavator bucket to remove the dust generated around the bucket during the excavator operation, achieving mist droplet purification of dust.

[0052] Reference Figure 8 As shown, the graded response dust removal during the multi-stage mining and loading operation of the excavator is carried out for the continuous actions of the excavator such as digging, lifting, transporting and dropping in the open air environment, and four responses are made to the dust generated during the mining and loading operation of the excavator. When the driver operates the excavator for open-air mining and loading operations, due to the complex environmental wind flow on site and the continuous movement of the bucket, dust will accumulate and rise near the excavator bucket. The dust concentration is fed back in real time by the optical-magnetic combined dust measuring station in front of the cab. According to the dust concentration in the space, the response of the excavator's multi-stage dynamic dust removal is divided into primary simple response, intermediate general response, advanced rapid response and special emergency response. Its standard is in accordance with relevant national regulations, from the dust concentration limit of 10mg / m3 in general workplaces. 3 , and make progressive divisions. The primary simple response corresponds to the dust concentration of 0-10mg / m 3 , Intermediate general response corresponds to dust concentration 11 ~ 20mg / m 3 , Advanced rapid response corresponding to dust concentration 21 ~ 30mg / m 3 , Dust concentration for special emergency response is 31~40mg / m 3. Different response levels are divided according to the range of dust concentration. In terms of specific dust removal implementation, different response levels correspond to different dust removal powers; according to the size of the flow rate supplied to Group A's M-shaped atomizing nozzles and Group B's rotary atomizing nozzles, the difference in dust removal power is reflected. Relevant operators adjust the power of each dust removal action through the control valve of the pipeline according to the feedback of the dust amount. In the embodiment of the present invention, the pipeline flow connecting Group A and Group B dust removal nozzles is defined, and its full flow output state is level four power, 3 / 4 state of the full flow output of the nozzle pipeline is level three power, 1 / 2 state of the full flow output of the nozzle pipeline is level two power, and 1 / 4 state of the full flow output of the nozzle pipeline is level one power.

[0053] Figure 8 It can be seen that different dust removal methods are adopted for the four processes of digging, lifting, transporting and dropping of the excavator bucket. Multi-point water mist dust removal is adopted in the digging-lifting process, directional covering dust suppression is adopted in the lifting-transporting process, continuous atomization dust reduction is adopted in the transport-dropping process, and pre-wetting dust reduction is adopted in the dropping-digging process. Different dust removal methods have corresponding excavator dust removal solutions. The overall dust removal process of this equipment starts with pre-wetting dust reduction. The A group of M-shaped atomizing nozzles are used to release gel liquid inside the excavator bucket, so that part of the coal body / rock block is wetted in advance during the excavation process to reduce the generation of dust. In the process from digging to lifting of the bucket, the four B group rotary atomizing nozzles start to move to eliminate the dust caused by wind flow and the falling of a small amount of coal body / rock block during the digging-lifting process.

[0054] Dust generated near the bucket. During the process of lifting the bucket and turning it for transportation, Group A M

[0055] The atomizing nozzle releases a large amount of fine foam into the bucket, which covers the dust inside the bucket.

[0056] The film layer structure formed by the layer can effectively prevent the dust in the bucket from escaping.

[0057] When the transport is turned and the bucket is ready to drop and unload, the rotary atomizing nozzles of group B continue to

[0058] Continuous action, using the continuous release of water mist to remove the dust generated during the dropping process,

[0059] Then continue the pre-moistening and dust reduction action to achieve continuous dust removal operation in the entire process of excavator mining and transportation.

Claims

1. Gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators, characterized by: include: The system comprises three modules: combined dust monitoring, mixed dust removal base fluid preparation, and multi-stage dynamic dust removal. Dust monitoring utilizes a laser and magnetic induction linkage to monitor dust concentration, with a dust measuring station installed directly in front of the excavator's cab. The mixed dust removal base fluid preparation device consists of a three-tank variable-pressure fluid reservoir, a compression-type auxiliary booster, an automatic foaming nozzle alignment device, and a hollow liquid-feeding, stirring, and foaming device. These devices are secured to the excavator's rear box using inserts and suction cups, while the compression-type auxiliary booster is connected to a hydraulic telescopic rod. The three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir comprises a water storage tank, a foaming agent addition tank, and a gelling agent addition tank. The tank body adopts a double-layer structure and is covered with an anti-stick and anti-oxidation spray layer. A high-elastic anti-fatigue pressure membrane is installed inside the tank body, and a visual liquid level observation slot is provided on the outside. A three-phase boost regulating valve, an auxiliary air inlet, and an explosion-proof pressure relief control valve are distributed on the three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir. Under the reservoir is a slot-type multi-stage suction cup buffer chassis, including radial fixed inserts and parallel multi-stage buffer suction cups. The diameter φ1 of the center suction cup is between 250 and 300 mm. The compression-type auxiliary booster device is attached to the periphery of the hydraulic telescopic rod of the excavator arm and includes an embedded fiber mesh anti-fatigue air bag and a one-way air valve. The air outlet pipe is connected to a three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir. The foaming nozzle automatic alignment device consists of a flexible anti-wear pull rope and a self-weighted self-centering pendulum. The self-weighted self-centering pendulum is fixed to the excavator arm by the rotating shaft at its narrow end. One end of the flexible anti-wear pull rope is fixed to the end of the hydraulic telescopic rod, and the other end is connected to the narrow end head of the self-weighted self-centering pendulum. The hollow liquid-feeding stirring foamer includes a self-priming gas mixing device, a hollow rotating liquid-injecting rod, an anti-sticky whisker stirring brush, an embedded porous foaming channel, and an adaptive electronic shock-proof suction cup. In the self-priming gas-injecting channel, the air inlet is distributed in a stepped manner, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the liquid inlet pipe and the liquid mixing pipe at the throat is 2:

3. Under the action of water pressure, the foaming agent and gel additive enter the hollow liquid-feeding stirring foamer through the internal channel of the hollow rotating liquid-injecting rod and are released through the serrated liquid outlet. The embedded porous foaming channel has a stepped changing direction foaming channel and a bowl-shaped foaming outlet distributed inside. The stepped changing direction foaming channel is laid out with five layers of narrow liquid pipes, and enters the next level channel through the mixed liquid buffer zone of the spacer layer; a honeycomb buffer water bag is set inside the adaptive electronic shockproof suction cup. The honeycomb buffer water bag is made of highly elastic material and the internal water bags are independently distributed in a honeycomb pattern. The bottom of the device is an integrated suction cup; the hollow rotating liquid injection rod is distributed in a tree shape, and the serrated liquid injection port and the anti-sticking whisker stirring brush are relatively distributed. The anti-sticking whisker stirring brush is made of hard polyvinyl chloride. The multi-stage dynamic dust removal process adopts an inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle, a rotary atomizing nozzle and a bucket continuous motion response method, wherein the inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle is connected to the excavator's support arm, and the rotary atomizing nozzle is fixed to the side wall of the bucket.

2. The gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle has a main body including an M-shaped three-dimensional covering nozzle, a self-priming air intake channel and a rotating liquid inlet mixing paddle; the M-shaped three-dimensional covering nozzle adopts 4 foaming mesh surfaces, a strip surface covering guider is arranged inside, and a stepped gradient guide groove is distributed on the strip surface covering guider; a transmission stirring fan is arranged inside the inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle, and a multi-stage progressive liquid hole is provided on the rotating liquid inlet mixing paddle, and a surrounding dust-proof flow stabilizing cover is arranged around the air inlet of the inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle.

3. The gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The rotary atomizing nozzle includes a multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer, an open conical ejector and a replaceable hydrophobic protective cover. The rotary atomizing nozzle is fixed to the side wall of the bucket by a semi-shielded strong magnetic base; a funnel-shaped streamlined drainage groove is distributed on the multi-directional rotary water-dividing atomizer, a crescent-shaped jet line and a fan-shaped baffle are distributed on the open conical ejector, and a gradual guide groove is provided on the fan-shaped baffle; the replaceable hydrophobic protective cover adopts a copper mesh surface with a hydrophobic and anti-corrosion coating attached to the outside, and the semi-shielded strong magnetic base is arranged on the bucket wall.

4. The gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mixed dust removal base liquid preparation device, wherein the external water supply pipeline is a three-tank variable pressure liquid reservoir, a hollow liquid feeding stirring foamer and four B-group rotary atomizing nozzles supply water, the external water supply pipe is equipped with an embedded multi-stage anti-blocking filter element, and the branch liquid supply pipeline is made of high-elastic fiber material; A controlled liquid inlet valve is arranged on the external water supply pipeline connecting the hollow liquid feeding stirring foamer and the rotary atomizing nozzle. The three infusion channels of the three-tank type variable pressure liquid reservoir are connected to the multiphase liquid control valve, and the additive liquid is provided to the hollow liquid feeding stirring foamer through the multiphase liquid control valve.

5. The gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the mixed dust removal base liquid preparation device, the foaming base liquid and the gel base liquid use external water as the mixing body, and the dust removal foam or gel is sprayed into the excavator bucket by the inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle of group A; the multiphase liquid control valve controls the addition order of the foaming agent and the gelling agent, and a water washing and residue removal process is required when the additives are changed; the foaming agent is an inorganic foaming agent mainly composed of carbonate, to which a certain proportion of anionic surfactant is added, and the gelling agent is a hydrogel gel of a cellulose derivative, to which an appropriate amount of maltose is mixed.

6. The gel-foam-water mist combined control and removal equipment for dust generated by open-pit excavators according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-stage dynamic dust removal is equipped with independent dust removal modes for the digging, lifting, transporting and dropping of the excavator bucket, including four dust removal actions: pre-wetting dust reduction, multi-point water mist dust removal, directional covering dust suppression, and continuous atomization dust reduction. The inverted M-shaped foaming nozzle provides two dust removal modes for the inside of the bucket: foam covering dust blocking and gel penetration dust suppression. The rotary atomizing nozzle purifies the dust around the bucket with droplets. The optical-magnetic combined dust measuring platform is set in front of the cab, and the dust concentration is monitored by laser and magnetic induction, and the response classification is based on the range of dust in the space.

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