A method of early planting of sugar cane

Abstract

The application discloses a method for early planting of fruit sugarcane, and relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting. The specific steps are as follows: (1) seed stalk treatment: after single-bud or double-bud section seed stalks are soaked in clean water and dried, the seed stalks are stacked in a way that a layer of rotten organic fertilizer and a layer of seed stalks are alternated, and the seed stalks are covered with film and exposed to the sun for seed drying; when the seed stalk bud eyes are white, the treated seed stalks are obtained; (2) seedling raising and seedling hardening: the treated seed stalks are placed in a greenhouse for seedling raising; the greenhouse temperature is gradually controlled to be 20-25 DEG C, 15-20 DEG C and 10-15 DEG C; the seedlings are given light supplement and sprayed with proline water-fertilizer mixed solution; and transplanted seedlings are obtained; (3) field transplanting: the transplanted seedlings are transplanted into a field for planting; before transplanting, a planting ridge is formed; soil heat preserving agent is spread on the planting ridge; after the soil heat preserving agent is exposed to the sun for 2-3 days, the transplanted seedlings are transplanted, and then, the transplanted seedlings are irrigated with water, and an arched film is covered; when the minimum air temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, the arched film is removed; and the fruit sugarcane can be harvested. The method can realize early planting and early harvesting of fruit sugarcane in southern areas, and can prolong the growth period of fruit sugarcane, and improve the yield and quality of fruit sugarcane in northern areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, and particularly relates to a method for early planting of fruit cane. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fruit cane is a kind of fresh food sugarcane, which has thin skin, crisp stem, much juice and sweet taste.

[0003] At present, in the southern planting area, the planting time of fruit cane is from March to May every year, and the harvesting time is from October to November every year. A large amount of fruit cane is put on the market every year during the harvesting period, which leads to difficulty in improving the market price. In the northern area, due to the influence of temperature, the planting time of fruit cane is later, which leads to shorter growth period, lower yield and quality, and difficulty in meeting the market demand. It can be seen that early marketing and northward migration of fruit cane are important trends for the development of fruit cane industry in China.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a planting technology for early planting of fruit cane and prolonging the growth period of fruit cane. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a method for early planting of fruit cane, which can realize early planting and early marketing of fruit cane in the southern area, and prolong the growth period of fruit cane, improve the yield and quality in the northern area. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0006] A method for early planting of fruit cane, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) Treatment of seed cane: healthy fruit cane seed cane is cut into single-bud or double-bud segments, soaked in clean water for 1-2 days, dried, and then stacked in the sun with a layer of rotten organic fertilizer and a layer of seed cane, 8-10 layers are stacked, and then sealed and covered with film for seed drying, until the bud eyes of the seed cane are white, and the treated seed cane is obtained;

[0008] (2) Seedling raising and seedling training: the treated seed cane is placed in a seedling bed in a greenhouse, and a substrate containing mycelium slow-release material is provided on the seedling bed to control the temperature of the greenhouse to be 20-25 DEG C, and light is supplemented when the seedlings grow leaves, the light time is 8:00-19:00 every day, the light intensity is 2500-3000 lux, and proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed every 2-3 days during the light process, after 10-15 days of continuous light supplement, the temperature of the greenhouse is adjusted to 15-20 DEG C, proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed every 2-3 days during this period, after 5-8 days, the temperature of the greenhouse is adjusted to 10-15 DEG C, proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed every 2-3 days during this period, and after 8-10 days, the transplanted seedlings with mycelium slow-release material in the roots are obtained;

[0009] (3) Transplanting to the field: Transplant the seedlings to the field. Before transplanting, plow the field to a depth of 30-40cm and make planting ridges. The ridge spacing is 1-1.5 meters, the ridge width is 15-20cm, the ridge height is 30-40cm, and the ditch width between the planting ridges is 40-50cm. Then, spread a 2-3cm thick layer of soil heat preservation agent on the planting ridges and keep them exposed to the sun for 2-3 days. After the soil absorbs the sunlight and the soil temperature rises, cover it with mulch film and then transplanting can begin. The transplanting is done by drilling holes in the top of the ridge and inserting the seedlings. After transplanting, water thoroughly and cover with arched film. When the minimum temperature is above 15℃, remove the mulch film and arched film.

[0010] Preferably, before raising seedlings, the cut surface of the seed stem after it has sprouted is coated with a coating agent. The coating agent is mainly composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 5-15 parts of thiamethoxam, 3-8 parts of guar gum, and 50-80 parts of water.

[0011] Preferably, the specifications of the seedbed are: 1.0-1.2m wide, 10-15cm high, and 30-40cm wide furrows; the substrate of the seedbed is sandy soil and / or well-rotted soil.

[0012] Preferably, the transplanting density is 7000-8000 buds / acre.

[0013] Preferably, the proline water-fertilizer mixture is mainly composed of proline, compound fertilizer and water mixed in a weight ratio of (0.5-1):(10-20):1000, and the compound fertilizer contains N:P:K = (2-2.5):1:(2-3).

[0014] Preferably, the proline water-fertilizer mixture is sprayed until the leaves and stems of the entire plant are moistened.

[0015] Preferably, the substrate containing mycelial slow-release material is mainly composed of 50-80 parts of mycelial slow-release material, 20-40 parts of humus, 10-20 parts of diatomaceous earth, 15-25 parts of vermiculite, and 20-30 parts of decomposed earthworm castings.

[0016] Preferred method for preparing the mycelial slow-release material is as follows: (1) 3-5 mm zeolite balls are soaked in proline solution until completely moistened and then dried to obtain proline-containing zeolite particles; (2) 80-100 parts of crushed rice straw, 10-15 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime, 1-1.5 parts of superphosphate and 1-2 parts of urea are mixed by weight, the moisture content is adjusted to 60-70%, and then sterilized at high temperature. After cooling, the mixture is mixed with the proline-containing zeolite particles to obtain a mixture. 1-3% of the weight of straw mushrooms are inoculated into the mixture and cultured until the mycelium fully grows in the mixture. The mixture with the fully grown mycelium is dried and crushed into small pieces with a particle size of 1-2 cm to obtain the mycelial slow-release material.

[0017] Preferably, the soil insulating agent comprises an upper layer material and a lower layer material. The upper layer material is carbonized rice husk granules or carbonized straw granules, with a particle size of 2-5 mm. The lower layer material is a mixture of wood ash and soil, with a moisture content of 60-70%. In use, a layer of lower layer material with a thickness of 1-2 cm is first spread, followed by a layer of upper layer material of the same thickness.

[0018] Preferably, the transplanting also includes immersing the roots of the transplanted seedlings in a growth-promoting solution for 12-24 hours. The growth-promoting solution is a mixture of rooting powder solution and water-soluble fertilizer containing trace elements in a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.5, and the concentration of the rooting powder solution is 50-100 mg / kg.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. In sugarcane growing areas in the south, the method of this invention can enable sugarcane to be planted earlier and marketed 1-2 months earlier, thus obtaining better prices; while in sugarcane growing areas in the north, the method of this invention can enable sugarcane to be planted earlier, extend the sugarcane growth period, increase its yield by 20-30%, increase its sweetness, and improve its quality.

[0021] 2. The sugarcane seed stalk treatment of this invention can activate enzymes within the seed stalk, promote rapid germination, ensure uniform germination, and prolong the vitality time of sugarcane buds, thereby increasing the number of main seedlings per unit area and the number of effective stalks. Furthermore, the seed stalks are treated with a coating agent before planting. The combined effect of carbendazim wettable powder, thiamethoxam, and guar gum in the coating agent can effectively prevent the seed stalks from being infected by soil-borne pests and diseases, reduce the incidence of disease, and improve stress resistance.

[0022] 3. This invention cultivates seedlings in a greenhouse to harden them off, improving their cold resistance and enabling them to adapt to field planting temperatures and grow healthily. First, the temperature is increased to 20-25℃ to promote germination. After emergence, supplemental lighting and spraying with a proline-fertilizer mixture are used to increase the proline content of the seedlings, preparing them for cold weather. Then, the greenhouse temperature is lowered to 15-20℃, and the proline-fertilizer mixture is sprayed again to further increase the proline content and improve cold resistance. Next, the greenhouse temperature is lowered to 10-15℃ (close to the outdoor temperature), and the proline-fertilizer mixture is sprayed again to further increase the proline content and improve cold resistance. By gradually lowering the greenhouse temperature and combining this with light and the proline-fertilizer mixture, the cold resistance of the seedlings is improved, allowing them to adapt to the transplanting environment.

[0023] 4. The proline water-fertilizer mixture of the present invention is mainly composed of proline, compound fertilizer and water. Proline and compound fertilizer promote each other and can enhance the cold resistance of seedlings. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer of the present invention can further increase the cold resistance of seedlings.

[0024] 5. The substrate of the present invention contains mycelial slow-release material. The zeolite balls in the mycelial slow-release material adsorb a large amount of proline, and the zeolite balls adsorbed with proline are wrapped by mycelium, which can prevent proline from being leached and lost during the seedling stage. Finally, transplanted seedlings with mycelial slow-release material substrate in the root are obtained. After transplanting, the temperature is still very low, and sugarcane is easily damaged by frost. At this time, the mycelium on the substrate in the root of the transplanted seedling begins to slowly decompose, and proline slowly dissolves, which improves the cold resistance of the transplanted seedling and reduces the occurrence of cold damage.

[0025] 6. The soil heat preservation agent of this invention can absorb solar heat and transfer the heat into the soil for storage, thereby increasing the soil temperature and facilitating the survival of transplanted seedlings. The upper layer material (carbonized rice husk / carbonized straw particles) can absorb solar heat and store it in the lower layer material (a mixture of wood ash and soil). At the same time, the heat continues to be transferred to the deeper soil layers through the lower layer material. After the soil temperature rises, the mulch film is immediately covered to prevent the temperature from dropping. After the transplanted seedlings are planted, the arched film is covered again to further increase the ambient temperature.

[0026] 7. The rooting powder solution in the growth-promoting liquid of this invention can promote the strong root growth and root development of transplanted seedlings, while the trace elements can promote the growth of transplanted seedlings, improve plant resistance, and thus improve cold resistance. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0028] The trace element water-soluble fertilizer used in the following examples and comparative examples is Xinrui twelve-element chelated trace element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] In this example, one mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of black-skinned sugarcane (Guiguo No. 1) was planted at the sugarcane experimental base of the Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in February 2022. The specific cultivation method is as follows:

[0031] (1) Seed stem treatment: After cutting healthy sugarcane seed stems into single or double bud segments, soak them in clean water for 1 day, dry them, and pile the dried seed stems in a sunny place with a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer and a layer of seed stems. After piling 8 layers, seal and cover with film to dry the seeds. When the buds of the seed stems show white, the treated seed stems are obtained.

[0032] (2) Seedling raising and hardening-off:

[0033] A. First, apply a coating agent to the cut surface of the seed stem treated above. The coating agent is mainly composed of the following components in parts by weight: 10 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 5 parts of thiamethoxam, 3 parts of guar gum and 50 parts of water.

[0034] B. Place the seedlings coated with the above-mentioned coating agent on the seedbed in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The specifications of the seedbed are: 1.0m wide, 10cm high, and 30cm wide furrow. The substrate of the seedbed is sandy soil.

[0035] C. During seedling cultivation and hardening, first control the greenhouse temperature at 20℃. When the seedlings grow leaves, start supplemental lighting. The daily light time is from 8:00 to 19:00, and the light intensity is 2500 lux. During the lighting process, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture every 2 days. After 10 days of continuous supplemental lighting, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 15℃. During this period, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture every 2 days. After 5 days, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 10℃. During this period, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture every 2 days. After 8 days, transplanted seedlings can be obtained.

[0036] The above-mentioned proline water-fertilizer mixture is mainly composed of proline, compound fertilizer and water mixed in a weight ratio of 0.5:10:1000, and the N:P:K ratio of the compound fertilizer is 2:1:2.

[0037] Spray the above-mentioned proline water-fertilizer mixture until the leaves and stems of the entire plant are moistened.

[0038] (3) Transplanting to the field:

[0039] a. Plow the field to a depth of 30cm and make planting ridges with a ridge spacing of 1 meter, a ridge width of 15cm, a ridge height of 30cm, and a furrow width of 40cm between planting ridges. Then, spread a 2cm thick layer of soil heat preservation agent on the planting ridges and keep them exposed to the sun for 2 days. After the soil absorbs the sunlight and the soil temperature rises, cover it with mulch and you can start transplanting.

[0040] b. Before transplanting, immerse the roots of the transplanted seedlings in a growth-promoting solution for 12 hours. The growth-promoting solution is a mixture of rooting powder solution and water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements in a weight ratio of 1:0.2. The concentration of the rooting powder solution is 50 mg / kg.

[0041] c. When transplanting, make holes in the top of the ridge and insert the transplanted seedlings. The transplanting density is 7000 buds / acre. After transplanting, water thoroughly and cover with an arched film. When the minimum temperature is above 15℃, remove the mulch film and arched film and carry out regular field and water and fertilizer management.

[0042] The soil insulation agent consists of an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer is carbonized rice husk granules with a particle size of 2mm. The lower layer is a mixture of wood ash and soil with a moisture content of 60%. When using it, first spread a 1cm thick layer of the lower layer, and then spread a layer of the same thickness of the upper layer.

[0043] In this embodiment, the sugarcane was harvested in September 2022, which is 1-2 months earlier than the conventional planting method (planted in March-May, without hardening off, only covered with plastic film) (harvested in October-November). The yield and sweetness are comparable to the conventional planting method (planted in March-May, without hardening off, only covered with plastic film).

[0044] Example 2

[0045] In this example, one mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of black-skinned sugarcane (Guiguo No. 1) was planted in Wuming County, Guangxi Province in February 2022. The specific cultivation method is as follows:

[0046] (1) Seed stem treatment: After cutting healthy sugarcane seed stems into single or double bud segments, soak them in clean water for 2 days, dry them, and pile the dried seed stems in a sunny place with a layer of decomposed organic fertilizer and a layer of seed stems. After piling 10 layers, seal and cover with film to dry the seeds. When the buds of the seed stems show white, the treated seed stems are obtained.

[0047] (2) Seedling raising and hardening-off:

[0048] A. First, apply a coating agent to the cut surface of the seed stem treated above. The coating agent is mainly composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 15 parts of thiamethoxam, 8 parts of guar gum, and 80 parts of water.

[0049] B. Place the seedlings coated with the above-mentioned coating agent on the seedbed in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The specifications of the seedbed are: 1.2m wide, 15cm high, and 40cm wide furrow. The substrate of the seedbed is well-rotted soil.

[0050] C. During seedling cultivation and hardening, first control the greenhouse temperature at 25℃. When the seedlings grow leaves, start supplemental lighting. The daily light exposure time is 8:00-19:00, and the light intensity is 3000 lux. During the lighting process, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture once every 3 days. After 15 days of continuous supplemental lighting, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 20℃. During this period, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture once every 3 days. After 8 days, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 15℃. During this period, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture once every 3 days. After 10 days, transplanted seedlings can be obtained.

[0051] The above-mentioned proline water-fertilizer mixture is mainly composed of proline, compound fertilizer and water mixed in a weight ratio of 1:20:1000, and the N:P:K ratio of the compound fertilizer is 2.5:1:3.

[0052] Spray the above-mentioned proline water-fertilizer mixture until the leaves and stems of the entire plant are moistened.

[0053] (3) Transplanting to the field:

[0054] a. Plow the field to a depth of 40cm and make planting ridges with a ridge spacing of 1.5 meters, a ridge width of 20cm, a ridge height of 40cm, and a furrow width of 50cm between planting ridges. Then, spread a 3cm thick layer of soil heat preservation agent on the planting ridges and keep them exposed to the sun for 3 days. After the soil absorbs the sunlight and the soil temperature rises, cover it with mulch and you can start transplanting.

[0055] b. Before transplanting, immerse the roots of the transplanted seedlings in a growth-promoting solution for 24 hours. The growth-promoting solution is a mixture of rooting powder solution and water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements in a weight ratio of 1:0.5. The concentration of the rooting powder solution is 100mg / kg.

[0056] c. When transplanting, make holes in the top of the ridge and insert the transplanted seedlings. The transplanting density is 8,000 buds / acre. After transplanting, water thoroughly and cover with an arched film. When the minimum temperature is above 15℃, remove the mulch film and arched film and carry out regular field and water and fertilizer management.

[0057] The soil insulation agent consists of an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer is carbonized straw pellets with a particle size of 5mm, and the lower layer is a mixture of wood ash and soil with a moisture content of 70%. When using it, first spread a 1.5cm thick layer of the lower layer, and then spread a layer of the same thickness of the upper layer.

[0058] In this embodiment, the sugarcane was harvested in September 2022, which is one month earlier than the conventional planting method (planted from March to May, without hardening off, only covered with plastic film). The yield and sweetness are comparable to the conventional planting method (planted from March to May, without hardening off, only covered with plastic film).

[0059] Example 3

[0060] In this example, one mu (approximately 0.16 acres) of black-skinned sugarcane (Guiguo No. 1) was planted in Xinyang, Henan Province in April 2022. The specific cultivation method is as follows:

[0061] (1) Seed stem treatment: After cutting healthy sugarcane seed stems into single or double bud segments, soak them in clean water for 1.5 days, dry them, and pile the dried seed stems in a sunny place with one layer of decomposed organic fertilizer and one layer of seed stems. After piling 9 layers, seal and cover with film to dry the seeds. When the buds of the seed stems show white, the treated seed stems are obtained.

[0062] (2) Seedling raising and hardening-off:

[0063] A. First, apply a coating agent to the cut surface of the seed stem treated above. The coating agent is mainly composed of the following components in parts by weight: 15 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 10 parts of thiamethoxam, 5 parts of guar gum and 70 parts of water.

[0064] B. Place the seedlings coated with the above-mentioned coating agent on the seedbed in the greenhouse for seedling cultivation. The specifications of the seedbed are: 1m wide, 12cm high, and 35cm wide furrow. The substrate of the seedbed is sandy soil and decomposed soil.

[0065] C. During seedling cultivation and hardening, first control the greenhouse temperature at 23℃. When the seedlings grow leaves, start supplemental lighting. The daily light time is from 8:00 to 19:00, and the light intensity is 2700 lux. During the lighting process, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture every 2 days. After 12 days of continuous supplemental lighting, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 18℃. During this period, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture every 2 days. After 6 days, adjust the greenhouse temperature to 13℃. During this period, spray proline water-fertilizer mixture every 3 days. After 9 days, transplanted seedlings can be obtained.

[0066] The above-mentioned proline water-fertilizer mixture is mainly composed of proline, compound fertilizer and water mixed in a weight ratio of 0.8:15:1000, and the N:P:K ratio of the compound fertilizer is 2.2:1:2.5.

[0067] Spray the above-mentioned proline water-fertilizer mixture until the leaves and stems of the entire plant are moistened.

[0068] (3) Transplanting to the field:

[0069] a. Plow the field to a depth of 35cm and make planting ridges with a ridge spacing of 1.2 meters, a ridge width of 18cm, a ridge height of 35cm, and a furrow width of 45cm between planting ridges. Then, spread a 3cm thick layer of soil heat preservation agent on the planting ridges and keep them exposed to the sun for 3 days. After the soil absorbs the sunlight and the soil temperature rises, cover it with mulch and you can start transplanting.

[0070] b. Before transplanting, immerse the roots of the transplanted seedlings in a growth-promoting solution for 20 hours. The growth-promoting solution is a mixture of rooting powder solution and water-soluble fertilizer of trace elements in a weight ratio of 1:0.4. The concentration of the rooting powder solution is 80 mg / kg.

[0071] c. When transplanting, make holes in the top of the ridge and insert the transplanted seedlings. The transplanting density is 7500 buds / acre. After transplanting, water thoroughly and cover with an arched film. When the minimum temperature is above 15℃, remove the mulch film and arched film and carry out regular field and water and fertilizer management.

[0072] The soil insulation agent consists of an upper layer and a lower layer. The upper layer is carbonized straw pellets with a particle size of 3mm, and the lower layer is a mixture of wood ash and soil with a moisture content of 66%. When using it, first spread a 1.5cm thick layer of the lower layer, and then spread a layer of the same thickness of the upper layer.

[0073] In this embodiment, the sugarcane was harvested in November 2022, which extended the sugarcane's growing period. Compared with the traditional planting method (planting from March to May, without hardening off the seedlings, and only covering with mulch film), the yield increased by 20%, the sweetness increased to 20°, and the taste and quality were better.

[0074] Comparative Example 1

[0075] This comparative example coating agent does not contain guar gum, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0076] Five days after transplanting, the extent of chilling injury to sugarcane seedlings was statistically analyzed. Plants exhibiting any of the following symptoms were considered to have suffered chilling injury: leaf drying and curling, damage or necrosis and blackening of the growing point, or blackening and softening of lateral buds. The chilling injury incidence rate (number of chilled plants / total number of plants) was calculated. Simultaneously, the proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plants unaffected by chilling injury was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0077] Table 1. Incidence of chilling injury in each group

[0078]

[0079]

[0080] The table above shows that guar gum in the coating agent can enhance the stress resistance of the seedlings and reduce the occurrence of cold damage during transplanting.

[0081] Comparative Example 2

[0082] In this comparative seedling hardening process, the temperature in the greenhouse was maintained at 20°C, with no cooling hardening step. Other planting conditions and steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0083] Five days after transplanting, the extent of chilling injury to sugarcane seedlings was statistically analyzed. Plants exhibiting any of the following symptoms were considered to have suffered chilling injury: leaf drying and curling, damage or necrosis and blackening of the growing point, or blackening and softening of lateral buds. The chilling injury incidence rate (number of chilled plants / total number of plants) was calculated. Simultaneously, the proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in plants unaffected by chilling injury was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0084] Table 2. Incidence of chilling injury in each group

[0085] Group Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Chilling injury occurrence rate (%) 7.9 39.7 Proline content (mg / g) 44.8 16.6 Malondialdehyde content (μmol / g) 1 1 0 0.1 0.1 2 1 0 0.1 0.1 3 1 0 0.1 0.1 4 1 0 10.6 4.0

[0086] The table above shows that by gradually lowering the temperature inside the greenhouse to harden the seedlings, the present invention can improve the cold resistance of the seedlings and enable them to adapt to the low temperature in the field when transplanted.

[0087] Comparative Example 3

[0088] In the seedling hardening process of this comparative example, proline water-fertilizer mixture was not used, and other planting conditions and steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0089] Comparative Example 4

[0090] In the seedling hardening process of this comparative example, the proline water-fertilizer mixture does not contain compound fertilizer, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0091] Comparative Example 5

[0092] In the seedling hardening process of this comparative example, the proline-fertilizer mixture does not contain proline, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0093] Comparative Example 6

[0094] In the seedling hardening process of this comparative example, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer in the proline water-fertilizer mixture is 1:1:1, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0095] Comparative Example 7

[0096] In the seedling hardening process of this comparative example, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer in the proline water-fertilizer mixture is 1:2:1, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0097] The cold damage to sugarcane seedlings was statistically analyzed 5 days after transplanting seedlings from Comparative Examples 3 to 7 into the field. Plants exhibiting any of the following symptoms were considered to have suffered cold damage: leaf drying and curling, damage or necrosis and blackening of the growing point, or blackening and softening of lateral buds. The cold damage incidence rate (number of cold-damaged plants / total number of plants) was calculated. The proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in undamaged plants in each group was also measured. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0098] Table 3. Occurrence of chilling injury in each group

[0099]

[0100] The table above shows that the use of proline hydrated fertilizer solution can improve the cold resistance of seedlings. Furthermore, the proline and compound fertilizer in the solution have a synergistic effect, enhancing the cold resistance of seedlings. The nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer also affects the cold resistance of seedlings. This invention combines supplemental lighting, gradual cooling, application of proline hydrated fertilizer solution, and a rationally set nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio in the compound fertilizer to harden seedlings, thereby improving their cold resistance and enabling them to adapt to low field temperatures at transplanting.

[0101] Comparative Example 8

[0102] In this comparative example, the seedling hardening process did not use a substrate containing mycelial slow-release material for seedling cultivation. Instead, the seedlings were cultivated using conventional field soil. Other planting conditions and steps were the same as in Example 1.

[0103] The cold damage of sugarcane seedlings in the control group 8 was statistically analyzed 5 days after transplanting to the field. Plants exhibiting any of the following symptoms were considered to have suffered cold damage: leaf drying and curling, damage or necrosis and blackening of the growing point, or blackening and softening of lateral buds. The cold damage incidence rate (number of cold-damaged plants / total number of plants) was calculated. The proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the undamaged plants in each group was also measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0104] Table 4. Occurrence of chilling injury in each group

[0105]

[0106] It is evident that the use of a substrate containing mycelial slow-release material for seedling cultivation in this invention can improve the cold resistance of transplanted seedlings and reduce the occurrence of cold damage.

[0107] Comparative Example 9

[0108] In this comparative transplanting procedure, soil heat preservation agent is not used, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0109] Comparative Example 10

[0110] This comparative soil insulation agent does not contain the lower layer raw material (a mixture of wood ash and soil), and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0111] Comparative Example 11

[0112] The moisture content of the lower layer raw material in this comparative soil heat preservation agent is 40-50%, and other planting conditions and steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0113] The cold damage of sugarcane seedlings in comparative examples 9 to 11 five days after transplanting to the field was statistically analyzed. Plants exhibiting any of the following symptoms were considered to have suffered cold damage: leaf wilting, curling, damage or necrosis and blackening of the growing point, or blackening and softening of lateral buds. The cold damage incidence rate (number of cold-damaged plants / total number of plants) was calculated. The proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in undamaged plants in each group was also measured. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0114] Table 5. Occurrence of chilling injury in each group

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] The table above shows that using the upper layer material alone is not effective in heat preservation. Only by combining the lower layer material with the upper layer material, which has a humidity of more than 60%, can the light and heat be absorbed and transferred into the soil. This invention first uses a soil heat preservation agent to absorb the heat of the sun and transfer the heat into the soil for storage. Then, a mulch film and an arched film are laid on top, which increases the soil temperature and protects the transplanted seedlings from low-temperature damage.

[0118] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention is for illustrative and explanatory purposes. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it will be apparent that many changes and variations can be made in accordance with the foregoing teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different choices and variations. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method of early planting of sugar cane, characterised by, It comprises the following steps: (1) the seed stalk treatment: the healthy fruit cane stalk is cut into single bud or double bud section, then soaked in clean water for 1-2 days, dried, and then placed in the sun with one layer of rotten organic fertilizer and one layer of seed stalk, 8-10 layers of seed stalk are stacked, then sealed and covered with film, and the seed stalk is obtained after the bud eye of the seed stalk is white; (2) seedling raising and seedling training: the treated seed stalk is placed in the seedling bed in the greenhouse, and the seedling bed is provided with a substrate containing mycelium slow-release material, the temperature of the greenhouse is controlled at 20-25℃, and light is supplied when the seedling grows leaves, the light time is 8:00-19:00 every day, the light intensity is 2500-3000 lux, and proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed every 2-3 days during the light process, after 10-15 days of continuous light supplement, the temperature of the greenhouse is adjusted to 15-20℃, and proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed every 2-3 days during this period, after 5-8 days, the temperature of the greenhouse is adjusted to 10-15℃, and proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is sprayed every 2-3 days during this period, and after 8-10 days, the transplanted seedlings with mycelium slow-release material substrate are obtained; The preparation method of the mycelium slow-release material is: (1) the zeolite particles with a particle size of 3-5 mm are soaked in proline solution until completely wet, then dried to obtain proline-containing zeolite particles; (2) according to weight fraction, 80-100 parts of crushed rice straw, 10-15 parts of cow dung, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime, 1-1.5 parts of superphosphate and 1-2 parts of urea are uniformly mixed, the water content is adjusted to 60-70%, then high-temperature sterilization is carried out, cooled, and mixed with the proline zeolite particles to obtain a mixture, the mixture is inoculated with 1-3% of the weight of the mixture of straw mushroom, and the mycelium is cultured until it covers the mixture, the mixture with mycelium is dried and crushed into small pieces with a particle size of 1-2 cm to obtain the mycelium slow-release material; (3) transplanting in the field: the transplanted seedlings are transplanted in the field, before transplanting, the field is deep ploughed, and a planting ridge is made, then a layer of soil heat preservation agent is spread on the planting ridge, and the soil is exposed to sunlight for 2-3 days, then the soil temperature is raised by the soil absorbing sunlight, then the film is covered, and the transplanting is started, the transplanting is carried out by punching holes in the top of the ridge and inserting the transplanted seedlings, then the transplanted seedlings are irrigated thoroughly, and the arch film is covered, and the arch film is removed when the minimum air temperature is higher than 15℃.

2. A method of early planting of sugar cane according to claim 1 wherein, The cut surface of the seed stalk is treated by smearing with a coating agent before the seed stalk is exposed to the sun, and the coating agent is mainly prepared by mixing the following components in weight fraction: 10-20 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, 5-15 parts of thiamethoxam, 3-8 parts of sesbania gum and 50-80 parts of water.

3. A method of early planting of sugar cane as claimed in claim 1, wherein, The specifications of the seedling bed are: the width of the bed surface is 1.0-1.2 m, the height is 10-15 cm, and the width of the bed ditch is 30-40 cm; the substrate of the seedling bed is sandy soil and / or rotten soil.

4. The method of early planting of sugar cane according to claim 1, characterised in that, The transplanting density is 7000-8000 buds per mu.

5. The method of early planting of sugar cane according to claim 1, characterised in that, The proline water and fertilizer mixed solution is mainly prepared by mixing proline, compound fertilizer and water in a weight ratio of (0.5-1):(10-20):1000, and the N:P:K in the compound fertilizer is (2-2.5):1:(2-3).

6. The method of early planting of sugar cane according to claim 1, characterised in that, The proline water fertilizer mixture is sprayed to the leaves and stems of the whole plant until they are wet.

7. The method of early planting of sugar cane according to claim 1, characterised in that, The substrate containing the mycelium slow-release material is mainly composed of 50-80 parts of the mycelium slow-release material, 20-40 parts of humus soil, 10-20 parts of diatomite, 15-25 parts of vermiculite and 20-30 parts of mature earthworm manure.

8. A method of early planting of sugar cane as defined in claim 1, characterised in that, The soil heat preservation agent comprises upper layer raw materials and lower layer raw materials, the upper layer raw materials are carbonized rice husk particles or carbonized straw particles, the particle size is 2-5 mm, and the lower layer raw materials are a mixture of wood ash and soil, and the humidity of the mixture is 60-70%.

9. The method of early planting of sugar cane according to claim 1, characterised in that, The transplanting further comprises immersing the root of the transplanting seedling in a growth promoting liquid for 12-24 hours, the growth promoting liquid comprises a rooting powder solution and a water-soluble fertilizer with microelements in a weight ratio of 1:0.2-0.5, and the concentration of the rooting powder solution is 50-100 mg / kg.

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