Preparation method of copper-doped porous nanosilicon negative electrode material

By embedding copper ions into montmorillonite and using molten salt-assisted magnesothermic reaction to prepare copper-doped nanoporous silicon materials, the structural collapse problem of nano-silicon anode materials during charge and discharge processes was solved, thereby improving the cycle stability and electrochemical performance of lithium batteries.

CN118908220BActive Publication Date: 2026-07-21KUNMING UNIV OF SCI & TECH
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Patent Information

Application Number
CN202410971964.4
Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Patents(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2024-07-19
Publication Date
2026-07-21
Estimated Expiration
2044-07-19

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing nano-silicon anode materials suffer from severe structural collapse during repeated charge-discharge cycles, resulting in poor cycle performance. Furthermore, nano-silicon materials prepared by existing magnesia reduction methods exhibit insufficient stability during volume expansion.

Method used

Using inexpensive montmorillonite as raw material, copper ions are embedded through ion exchange technology and combined with molten salt-assisted magnesothermic reaction to prepare copper-doped nanoporous silicon materials. The copper-silicon alloy phase is used to slow down volume expansion and enhance structural stability.

Benefits of technology

It effectively suppresses nanostructure collapse, improves lithium storage performance, rate performance and cycle performance of lithium batteries, enhances electrical conductivity and promotes electron migration.

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Abstract

The application discloses a preparation method of a copper-doped porous nanosilicon negative electrode material and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode materials. The copper-doped porous nanosilicon material is prepared by adopting montmorillonite containing copper ions as raw material, adopting anhydrous metal chloride as a molten salt medium, and adopting magnesium as a reducing agent, and the material can be used for a silicon negative electrode material. The nanometer porous characteristic of the silicon negative electrode material is favorable for relieving volume expansion in the process of lithium extraction of silicon and improving the lithium storage capacity of the silicon negative electrode, and the doping of copper can improve the silicon ion conductivity and further relieve the volume expansion effect in the process of lithium insertion of silicon. Through the synergistic effect of the nanometer porosity and the copper doping, the silicon negative electrode material has good lithium storage stability and excellent lithium storage capacity. The montmorillonite is low in price, the molten salt assisted magnesium hot reduction process is low in energy consumption and is not limited by the size of a reaction container, so that the preparation method has the advantages of simple process and great potential for large-scale production.
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