Near-nature restoration and soil fertility improvement method for natural grassland community in high and cold pasturing area

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland improvement, and discloses an alpine pasturing area natural grassland community near-nature restoration and soil fertility improvement method and system, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the transition and grazing in advance, and completing the prevention and control of rodent damage through an artificial bow and arrow capturing mode; different proportion combinations of different grass seeds are researched, and a suitable grass seed matching mode is screened out; soaking the seeds with a microbial agent; organic fertilizer is selected for fertilization; and carrying out no-tillage reseeding or manual reseeding. The grassland is cultivated through the technologies of grazing in advance, artificial deratization, combination of different grass seeds in different proportions, seed soaking with a fungicide and additional application of organic fertilizer, and a good effect is achieved. The method has the characteristics of safety, timeliness, sustainability, low input cost, simple and easy technology implementation and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of grassland improvement, and in particular relates to a method for near-natural restoration of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas and improvement of soil fertility. Background Art

[0003] In order to maintain the healthy development of animal husbandry, it is necessary to explore comprehensive restoration technologies for degraded alpine grasslands.

[0004] Grassland improvement is to take certain agricultural technical measures on natural grasslands to regulate and improve natural factors such as soil, water, air, heat and vegetation in the grassland ecological environment. It is a key measure to promote the growth and development of forage grass, restore grassland vegetation and improve grassland productivity. Reseeding local native grass species can restore the degraded ecosystem to an ecosystem with species composition, diversity and community structure close to zonal vegetation. According to the species composition ratio of near-natural ecosystems, using native grass species, species combination, mechanical no-tillage reseeding, fertilization and ecological monitoring technology chain, assisting in soil nutrient and microbial regulation, research and develop grass seed combination technology suitable for the restoration area, grassland quality improvement and sowing technology, and soil fertility improvement degraded grassland comprehensive restoration technology, so as to achieve the integrity, stability and sustainability of the biodiversity, structure and function of the restored ecosystem.

[0005] After the productivity of grassland is improved, the improved grassland can be used as a new winter and spring grazing base, which can solve the problem of forage shortage in winter and spring pastures in alpine pastoral areas, and is of great significance for the alpine grassland animal husbandry to cope with natural disasters such as snowstorms. For the improved natural grassland, the correct grazing period and appropriate grazing intensity can be selected to achieve rational use of the grassland, so as to extend the utilization period of the improved grassland and give full play to the potential feeding value and ecological value of the alpine grassland.

[0006] Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows:

[0007] At present, there are many studies on the restoration technology of degraded grassland in alpine areas, and various restoration methods have been proposed. The main management measures include fencing, reseeding, fertilization, artificial grassland construction, irrigation, etc. Although the above artificial technical measures have improved the productivity of grassland, the technical measures are relatively single, and the restoration measures are mostly limited to the macro level, and the stability and sustainability of the technology are low. This technology introduces beneficial microorganisms that are conducive to grassland restoration into the soil environment, applies appropriate amounts of organic fertilizers, promotes nutrient recycling and transformation and the healthy development of the soil environment, and uses a more suitable combination of grass seeds for no-till reseeding, which works together with other macro measures to accelerate grassland recovery, optimize grassland quality, and improve soil fertility. The integration of multiple technologies solves the key bottleneck problems of near-natural restoration of degraded grasslands in alpine areas and improvement of soil fertility. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas.

[0009] The present invention is achieved by providing a method for nearly natural restoration of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas and improving soil fertility, the method comprising:

[0010] Step 1: Move the animals out of the pasture ahead of time and use bows and arrows to catch them to prevent and control rodent infestation;

[0011] Step 2: Use the selected suitable forage grass seed matching pattern for reseeding;

[0012] Step 3: Using the microbial agent that has a significant growth-promoting effect on alpine grasslands screened in the early stage, soak the seeds selected in step 2 to explore a more suitable amount of the agent;

[0013] Step 4: Select organic fertilizer for fertilization and explore the most suitable amount of organic fertilizer;

[0014] Step five: Carry out no-till reseeding or manual reseeding.

[0015] Furthermore, the method adopts mechanical no-tillage overseeding technology for restoration in moderately and severely degraded areas with flat and open terrain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and adopts artificial leveling of mouse hills and overseeding for restoration on hillsides, valleys, and hilly areas. The altitude is between 2200 and 3200 meters, and the soil condition is sandy loam.

[0016] Furthermore, in step one, the pasture is moved out to pasture about one month to forty days in advance to reduce the impact of grazing on the growth of grassland during the green period.

[0017] Furthermore, in the step 2, wild native grass species such as Elymus nutans, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Aloe vera are used, and the excellent forage grass perennial ryegrass is used for protected sowing.

[0018] Furthermore, in step three, the seeds of the flat clover bean are first lightly polished with sandpaper until the surface is rough and hairy, then soaked in 80°C hot water for 8 minutes, dried and set aside. Alternatively, the seeds are soaked in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 minutes, then rinsed with running water for 10 minutes, and naturally air-dried. The selected grass seeds have short awns and do not need to be de-awned; use a composite microbial growth-promoting agent (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 10 8 CFU / g), put the treated seeds in a clean seed mixer and add the microbial agent for seed dressing. The amount of microbial agent used is 15-20L / hm 2It is advisable to completely wet the seeds. The seed mixing should be done in a cool place indoors, avoiding direct sunlight. The seeds mixed with fungi should be stored in a cool place to air dry, and should not be dried in the sun. To avoid the loss of activity of the microbial agents, it is recommended to sow as soon as possible after the seeds are slightly dry after mixing.

[0019] Further, in step 4, the type of fertilizer applied is 1000-2000 kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer. 2 (The main raw material is sheep manure, with organic matter ≥30%, moisture ≤30%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥4.0%, and N+P+K content of 50g / kg). In flat and open areas, mechanical spreading is used, and manual spreading is used on hillsides, valleys, and hilly areas.

[0020] Furthermore, in step 5, after the soil of natural grassland in the high-cold area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau thaws and before the grass turns green (around mid-April), a no-tillage sowing machine is used to scratch the turf for sowing. The scratching process uses a machine-driven disc with a disc spacing of 15 to 20 cm and a harrowing depth of 3 to 4 cm. The no-tillage sowing machine is used to cover the soil and suppress it. The forage seed matching ratio is 40% of drooping dung grass + 20% of cold-land bluegrass + 20% of Chinese fescue + 20% of flat lucerne. In the 20% Chinese fescue, a certain amount of perennial ryegrass is mixed in a ratio of 7:3 between Chinese fescue and perennial ryegrass to play a protective role. The sowing amount of drooping dung grass, Chinese fescue, cold-land bluegrass and flat lucerne is 22.5 kg·hm2 according to their single sowing amount. -2 , 22.5kg·hm -2 、15.0kg·hm -2 and 12kg hm -2 After mixing, reseeding, perennial ryegrass 9kg·hm -2 Sowing amount.

[0021] The present invention also provides an application of a near-natural restoration method for natural grassland communities in alpine areas. The method is applied to natural grassland community restoration projects in alpine areas. Through the steps of early transfer of grazing, artificial bow and arrow capture of rodent pests, screening of suitable forage seed matching patterns, soaking seeds with bacterial agents, fertilizing with organic fertilizers, and no-till or artificial overseeding, the near-natural restoration of natural grassland communities is achieved, the grassland fertility is improved, and the ecological function and stability of the grassland are restored.

[0022] The present invention also provides an application of a method for restoring natural grassland communities in alpine areas in an ecological restoration project. The method is applied in ecological restoration projects, especially when it is necessary to restore degraded natural grasslands in alpine areas. By implementing early transfer to grazing, artificial bow and arrow rodent control, optimized forage seed matching, bacterial agent seed treatment, organic fertilizer application and overseeding technology, the natural recovery of natural grassland communities is promoted, the ecological service function of grasslands is enhanced, and the ecological quality of the project area is improved.

[0023] The present invention also provides an application of a method for restoring natural grassland communities in alpine areas in biodiversity conservation. The method is applied in biodiversity conservation projects, especially in situations where it is necessary to protect and restore the biodiversity of natural grasslands in alpine areas. The method protects and restores the biodiversity of natural grasslands and promotes the health and stability of the ecosystem by adopting methods such as early transfer of grazing to reduce livestock pressure, artificial bows and arrows to control rodent pests, scientific screening of grass seed combinations, bacterial agents to promote seed germination and soil material recycling, organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility, and overseeding technology to increase vegetation coverage.

[0024] In combination with the above technical solutions and the technical problems solved, the advantages and positive effects of the technical solutions to be protected by the present invention are as follows:

[0025] First, the period of pasture greening is the peak period of rodent activity and reproduction in alpine grasslands. In order to prevent rodents from harming grasslands during the greening period and eating the newly sown seedlings, which will affect the reseeding effect, the artificial bow and arrow method is used to eliminate rodent pests. It is not only low-cost, but also does not pollute the ecological environment. It is safe and reliable. In severely degraded grasslands, the soil fertility is low, and there are a large proportion of mouse hills and bare spots. Simple rodent control still cannot play a fundamental role. Improving soil fertility combined with reasonable reseeding and other cultivation and management technical measures is of certain significance to the rapid recovery of grasslands and the sustainability of grassland productivity.

[0026] The period of grass re-greening and re-seeding seedlings is the key period of grass growth, which plays a decisive role in grass yield, seed setting and the formation of new grass morphology. However, due to the severe shortage of forage in winter and spring in alpine pastoral areas, pastures are overloaded and overgrazed in winter and spring. Encouraging herders to transfer and graze one to forty days in advance can prevent grazing livestock from trampling and eating the green period and newly seeded grass, which can maintain the long-term sustainable use of grassland and maintain a benign cycle of grassland environment.

[0027] Alpine grasslands are severely degraded, and after wind and water erosion, large areas of bare spots are formed. No-till reseeding is the most critical technology for ecological restoration of degraded grasslands. It can increase high-quality forage without destroying or less destroying the native vegetation of the grassland, and achieve the goals of improving grassland ecological quality, increasing productivity and increasing biodiversity. However, the current grass species for reseeding are relatively single, and three or more grass species are rarely used for reseeding. Reasonable grass seed matching also plays a key role in the effectiveness of reseeding. This patent is based on research and exploration, and has screened out a more suitable matching pattern and proportion of different species, namely 40% of Elymus nutans + 20% of Poa annua + 20% of Festuca australis + 20% of Algae cylindrica, and a certain amount of perennial ryegrass is mixed in the 20% Chinese fescue at a ratio of 7:3 between Chinese fescue and perennial ryegrass to protect the sowing.

[0028] Due to the long freezing period of soil under low temperature conditions in alpine grasslands, it is not conducive to the reproduction of soil microorganisms, resulting in slow recycling and conversion of soil nutrients. Therefore, it is necessary to select suitable microbial agents and organic fertilizers for application. Organic fertilizers provide organic matter, and microbial agents provide beneficial microorganisms. They promote each other, complement each other's strengths, improve soil fertility, and reduce the application of chemical fertilizers. The use of fertilizers or agents must be kept away from direct sunlight. Soaking seeds with agents is an effective method, but the amount of seed soaking should also be noted. Too much will cause waste and high costs, and affect the ecological balance of the soil and abnormal growth of plants. From the perspective of ecology and economy, this patent has screened out the optimal use of microbial agents of 12-15L / hm 2 , the application rate of organic fertilizer is 1000~2000kg / hm 2 .

[0029] This patent explores a comprehensive restoration model: early grazing + artificial rodent control + different grass species in different proportions + seed soaking with fungal agents + increased application of organic fertilizers. Under this model, the grassland coverage and grass production are significantly better than other ratios. The coverage is increased to 97.74% compared with the control, and the biomass is increased by 26.92% compared with the control. The effects on bare spots and mouse hills are particularly significant. The proportion of leguminous forage grasses in the community has increased significantly, the quality of the grass community has improved, the number of edible forage species has increased, and the biomass of toxic and harmful plants has decreased significantly. The soil fertility has been significantly improved, and the change in soil organic matter in the 0-15cm soil layer is relatively large. The soil organic matter content has increased by 23.35% compared with the control, and the soil organic matter in the 15-30cm soil layer has increased by 15.78% compared with the control.

[0030] Second, this technical solution starts from the comprehensive perspectives of ecological restoration, grassland productivity improvement, grass quality improvement and environmental protection, and studies the key technologies for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of degraded grasslands in integrated alpine areas. This technology significantly improves the total vegetation coverage by early transfer to grazing + rodent control during the green period + different grass species in different proportions before greening + seed dressing with microbial agents + application of organic fertilizers. The coverage is increased to 97.74%, and the biomass is increased by 26.92% compared with the control. The change range of soil organic matter in the 0-15cm soil layer is relatively large, and the soil organic matter content is increased by 23.35% compared with the control. The soil organic matter in the 15-30cm soil layer has increased by 15.78% compared with the control. This technology has the characteristics of safety, timeliness, sustainability, low investment cost, and simple and easy technical implementation.

[0031] Third, the technical solution of the present invention solves the technical problems that people have been eager to solve but have never been able to solve successfully:

[0032] The degradation of natural grasslands and the lack of high-quality forage in alpine areas are the main bottlenecks restricting the development of animal husbandry, especially the lack of high-quality leguminous forage in alpine meadows, which leads to low livestock production performance and reproductive dysfunction. However, there are few leguminous forages adapted to the cold environment of alpine areas. The applicant team tried to reseed alfalfa in the alpine areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the year of reseeding, the seedlings emerged well, but in late summer and early autumn, alfalfa was sporadically visible in the grass, and the only remaining alfalfa leaves were obviously yellow, indicating that the reseeded alfalfa was easily excluded by competition from native meadow vegetation and had obvious competitive disadvantages. The alfalfa overwintering rate was observed to be zero in the second year, from which it can be concluded that in alpine areas, reseeding alfalfa has problems such as difficulty in overwintering. Therefore, the wild variety of flat alfalfa beans introduced and domesticated by local community species was combined with other local native grass species, and protected sowing was carried out at the same time, with remarkable results. Introducing the selected beneficial microorganisms into the alpine grassland ecosystem can increase the number of microbial flora in the soil and solve the problems of low temperature, short growing season, and slow nutrient cycle in alpine grassland. The above technology not only increases grassland yield, increases the proportion of leguminous forage in the community, inhibits the massive growth of weeds, but also improves soil fertility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is the processing result provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 3 is the processing result provided by the embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 4 This is the seedling emergence and growth situation of supplementary sowing; the left picture (a) is 2023.6.2; the right picture (b) is 2023.9.18. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, the method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0039] S101, move livestock to new pastures in advance. The specific time of moving livestock to new pastures is determined according to the grass greening period and climatic conditions of the year. Use manual bow and arrow capture to complete rodent control. Manual bow and arrow capture must be carried out after livestock are moved to new pastures, otherwise the bow and arrow and the dug tunnels will cause harm to livestock.

[0040] S102, study the combination of different grass species in different proportions, and select the most suitable forage seed matching mode. Select local native grass species, select the grass seed reseeding mode according to the actual proportion of high-quality forage grass in non-degraded grassland vegetation, and use a small amount of cultivated species for protective sowing.

[0041] S103, soaking seeds in microbial agents. Microbial agents that have a significant growth-promoting effect on alpine grasslands should be used to soak seeds.

[0042] S104, select organic fertilizer for fertilization; this patent selects organic fertilizer produced by local organic fertilizer manufacturers using pure sheep manure compost fermentation.

[0043] S105, use a no-tillage seeding machine to carry out seeding or manual sowing. Use an adjustable (adjustable row spacing, seeding depth, and seed sowing amount) no-tillage seeding machine. Organic fertilizer particles are large, so a special fertilizer spreader is used to spread organic fertilizer before seeding, and then scratch the turf for seeding.

[0044] The method provided in the embodiment of the present invention uses mechanical no-tillage reseeding technology to restore moderately degraded areas with flat and open terrain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. On hillsides, valleys, and hilly areas, artificial leveling of rat mounds and reseeding are used for restoration. The altitude is between 2200 and 3200 meters, and the soil condition is sandy loam.

[0045] Step 1 provided in the embodiment of the present invention is to avoid the impact of grazing on the greening period and the growth of reseeded seedlings. Local herders are accustomed to moving pastures from late May to the end of May. It is recommended to move pastures about one month to forty days in advance to reduce the impact of grazing on grassland growth.

[0046] Avoid using chemical rodent control methods that may have adverse effects on the environment and animals, and use manual bow and arrow capture to complete rodent control.

[0047] The second step provided in the embodiment of the present invention adopts wild native grass species such as Elymus nutans, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Aloe vera, and perennial ryegrass for protected sowing.

[0048] In step three provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the seeds of the flat clover are first lightly polished with sandpaper until the surface is rough and fluffy, and then soaked in 80°C hot water for 8 minutes, dried and set aside. Alternatively, the seeds are soaked in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 minutes, then rinsed with running water for 10 minutes, and naturally air-dried. The selected grass seeds have short awns and do not need to be de-awned.

[0049] The composite microbial growth-promoting agent (effective live bacteria count ≥ 10) suitable for alpine grassland was used. 8 CFU / g), place the treated seeds in a clean seed mixer and add the microbial agent for seed dressing. The amount of microbial agent used is 15-20L per hectare of seed reseeding, and it is advisable to completely wet the seeds. Stir evenly several times during the period. Seed dressing should be carried out in a cool place indoors, avoiding direct sunlight. Seeds mixed with microbial agents should be stored in a cool place to air dry, not sun-dried. In order to avoid the loss of activity of microbial agents, it is recommended to sow as soon as the seeds are slightly dry after seed dressing.

[0050] In step 4 provided in the embodiment of the present invention, the type of fertilizer applied is 1000-2000 kg / hm2 of organic fertilizer. 2 (The main raw material is sheep manure, organic matter ≥30%, moisture ≤30%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥4.0%, N+P+K content is 50g / kg). For grasslands with less degradation, the amount of organic fertilizer can be appropriately reduced, and for grasslands with severe degradation, the amount of fertilizer should be appropriately increased. In flat and open areas, mechanical fertilization is used, and manual fertilization is used on hillsides, valleys, and hilly areas.

[0051] Step five provided in the embodiment of the present invention is to use a no-tillage sowing machine to scratch the turf for sowing before the natural grassland in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau turns green (around mid-April). The scratching process uses a machine-driven disc with a disc spacing of 15 to 20 cm and a harrowing depth of 3 to 4 cm. The no-tillage sowing machine is used to cover the soil and suppress. The forage seed matching ratio is 40% of Elymus nutans + 20% of Poa frostii + 20% of Festuca australis + 20% of Alpinia fasciata. In the 20% Festuca australis, a certain amount of Perennial Ryegrass is mixed in a ratio of 7:3 between Festuca australis and Perennial Ryegrass to play a protective role. The sowing amount of Elymus nutans, Festuca australis, Poa frostii and Alpinia fasciata is 22.5 kg·hm2 respectively according to their single sowing amount. -2 , 22.5kg·hm -2 、15.0kg·hm -2 and 12kg hm -2 After mixing, reseeding, perennial ryegrass 9kg·hm -2 Sowing amount.

[0052] Through research and demonstration, it was found that this technology can reduce further damage to grasslands by artificial rodent control. Early transfer and grazing can prevent grazing livestock from trampling on green grass and destroying the growth points of grass by gnawing. Degraded alpine grasslands use the main native grass species, such as Elymus danglingensis, Festuca australis, Poa annua, and excellent leguminous forage grass, to scratch and reseed the turf. This can not only increase the grass production, improve soil aeration and fertility, but also significantly increase the proportion of leguminous forage in the community, improve the quality of the grass community, increase the number of edible forage species, and significantly reduce the biomass of toxic and harmful plants. By studying the combination of different species, the most suitable combination mode and proportion were selected: 40% of Elymus dahliae + 20% of Poa frostii + 20% of Festuca australis (mixed with 30% of Perennial Ryegrass) + 20% of Algae sphaerocarpa + soaking seeds with fungi + adding organic fertilizer, the total vegetation coverage was significantly improved, the coverage increased to 97.74%, and the biomass increased by 26.92% compared with the control. The change range of soil organic matter in the 0-15cm soil layer was relatively large, and the soil organic matter content increased by 23.35% compared with the control, and the soil organic matter in the 15-30cm soil layer increased by 15.78% compared with the control.

[0053] The method for near-natural restoration of natural grassland communities and improvement of soil fertility in alpine pastoral areas provided by the application embodiment of the present invention is applied to a computer device, which includes a memory and a processor. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the processor executes the steps of the method for near-natural restoration of natural grassland communities and improvement of soil fertility in alpine pastoral areas.

[0054] The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas provided by the application embodiment of the present invention is applied to an information data processing terminal, and the information data processing terminal is used to implement the near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement system of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas.

[0055] The working principle of the method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine areas provided by the embodiment of the present invention.

[0056] Step 1: Move the animals out of the pasture in advance and use bows and arrows to catch them to prevent and control rodent pests

[0057] Working principle: In alpine areas, grassland is an important grazing resource for herders. However, due to the characteristics of the alpine environment, grassland is vulnerable to rodents. Rodents not only directly destroy grassland vegetation, but also cause grassland degradation by gnawing on grass roots. Therefore, in the process of natural grassland restoration in alpine areas, rodent control is the top priority.

[0058] Early transfer of livestock to pasture can reduce the pressure on the grassland and allow the grassland to recover to a certain extent. At the same time, the use of artificial bow and arrow to capture rodents is an environmentally friendly and effective rodent control method. Bow and arrow capture will not cause secondary damage to the grassland, and can specifically control the number of rodents and protect the grassland ecology.

[0059] Step 2: Study different grass species and different proportions to select the most suitable forage seed combination mode

[0060] Working principle: In the process of natural grassland restoration in alpine areas, it is very important to choose the right grass species and matching mode. Different grass species have different growth habits and adaptability. Reasonable matching can improve the ecological function and stability of the grassland.

[0061] By studying the growth performance of different grass species in different proportions, we can screen out a more suitable forage seed matching model, which can make full use of the ecological conditions of the alpine region and promote the natural recovery of grasslands and improve soil fertility.

[0062] Step 3: Soak the seeds in fungicides

[0063] Soaking seeds in microbial agents is an effective method to promote seed germination and growth. In the restoration of natural grasslands in alpine areas, soaking seeds in microbial agents can increase the germination rate and survival rate of seeds.

[0064] The microbial agent contains microorganisms and nutrients that can promote plant growth. By soaking the seeds, these beneficial ingredients can penetrate into the seeds and provide sufficient nutritional support for seed germination and growth. In addition, the microbial agent can also improve the soil environment, increase soil fertility and air permeability, and create favorable conditions for the healthy growth of grassland.

[0065] Step 4: Use organic fertilizer for fertilization

[0066] In the restoration of natural grasslands in alpine areas, fertilization is one of the important measures to improve soil fertility. The use of organic fertilizers for fertilization can not only provide sufficient nutrient support for the grassland, but also improve the soil structure and increase the soil's ability to retain water and fertilizer.

[0067] Organic fertilizer contains rich organic matter and microbial communities. Through fertilization, these beneficial ingredients can be introduced into the soil, promoting the improvement of soil fertility and ecological environment. At the same time, organic fertilizer can also increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil, creating a good soil environment for the growth of grass.

[0068] Step 5: Carry out no-tillage or manual reseeding

[0069] Working principle: In the process of natural grassland restoration in alpine areas, overseeding is one of the effective means to restore grassland vegetation. No-till overseeding and artificial overseeding are two commonly used overseeding methods.

[0070] No-till reseeding is reseeding without destroying the original soil structure. This method can reduce soil erosion and water evaporation, and maintain soil moisture and nutrients. Manual reseeding is to sow seeds on the grass manually. This method can flexibly adjust the sowing density and sowing area as needed.

[0071] Whether it is no-till reseeding or artificial reseeding, it can effectively increase the vegetation coverage of grasslands and improve the ecological function and stability of grasslands. At the same time, reseeding can also introduce new grass species and genetic resources, enrich the biodiversity of grasslands, and promote the natural recovery of grasslands and the improvement of soil fertility. By studying the combination of different species, a more suitable combination pattern and proportion were screened out. After the treatment of 40% of Elymus dahliae + 20% of Poa annua + 20% of Festuca australis (mixed with 30% perennial ryegrass) + 20% of Algae floribunda + soaking seeds with fungal agent + adding organic fertilizer, the total vegetation coverage was significantly improved, the coverage increased to 97.74%, and the biomass increased by 26.92% compared with the control. The change range of soil organic matter in the 0-15cm soil layer is relatively large, and the soil organic matter content increased by 23.35% compared with the control, and the soil organic matter in the 15-30cm soil layer increased by 15.78% compared with the control.

[0072] Figure 2 In the figure, the left side of the red line is untreated grassland, and the right side is treated grassland (August 2, 2023); Figure 3 In the figure, the left side is untreated grassland and the right side is treated grassland (September 20, 2023).

[0073] The near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement method of natural grassland communities in alpine areas provided by the embodiments of the present invention aims to promote the natural recovery of grasslands and the improvement of soil fertility through a series of scientific and environmentally friendly measures. The following is an explanation of the detailed working principle of each step:

[0074] Step 1: Move the animals out of the pasture in advance and use bows and arrows to catch them to prevent and control rodent pests

[0075] Early transfer of grazing animals: Before the alpine grassland ecosystem enters a vulnerable period or before the peak period of rodent activity, grazing animals are transferred to other areas to reduce pressure on the grassland and create conditions for grassland recovery. This step helps to reduce the damage to grassland vegetation caused by grazing and allows the grassland enough time to repair itself.

[0076] Artificial bow and arrow capture of rodents: Rodents are a major threat to alpine grassland ecosystems. They consume a large number of grass seeds and roots, seriously affecting grassland recovery. Artificial bow and arrow capture can accurately and effectively control rodents, reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, and protect the ecological environment.

[0077] Step 2: Study different grass species and different proportions to select the most suitable forage seed combination mode

[0078] Grass species selection and matching: Based on the ecological and environmental characteristics and restoration goals of alpine grasslands, the growth habits, cold resistance, adaptability and other factors of different grass species are studied, and the most suitable grass species combination is screened through experiments. This combination should be able to maximize the use of light energy, water and soil nutrients, and improve the biodiversity and community stability of the grassland.

[0079] Ratio optimization: After determining the grass species combination, it is necessary to further adjust the ratio of each grass species to achieve the best ecological and economic benefits. Reasonable ratio matching helps to form a grassland community with rich layers and stable structure, and improves the grassland's self-recovery ability and ecological service function.

[0080] Step 3: Soak the seeds in fungicides

[0081] Effect of microbial agents: Soaking seeds with specific microbial agents can promote seed germination and root growth, and improve seed resistance and survival rate. The beneficial microorganisms in the microbial agents can form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, helping plants absorb nutrients and resist diseases, thereby accelerating the recovery process of grasslands.

[0082] Step 4: Use organic fertilizer for fertilization

[0083] Advantages of organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer is rich in various nutrients and microorganisms, which can improve soil structure, soil fertility and water and fertilizer retention capacity. Compared with chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer is more environmentally friendly and sustainable, and helps maintain the ecological balance of grasslands.

[0084] Fertilization strategy: Develop a reasonable fertilization plan based on the soil conditions and fertility level of the grassland. During the fertilization process, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of fertilizer to avoid excessive fertilization that leads to soil pollution and grassland degradation.

[0085] Step 5: Carry out no-tillage or manual reseeding

[0086] No-tillage reseeding: When conditions permit, no-tillage reseeding technology is preferred. No-tillage can reduce soil disturbance, maintain soil structure and moisture stability, and facilitate seed germination and growth. The selected grass seeds are evenly spread on the grassland through precision seeding machinery to achieve rapid recovery.

[0087] Manual reseeding: When no-till reseeding is not possible, manual reseeding can be used. Manual reseeding can more accurately control the sowing position and density to ensure full contact between seeds and soil. During the reseeding process, attention should be paid to the close combination of grass seeds and soil to improve the survival rate of seeds.

[0088] In summary, this near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement method of natural grassland communities in alpine areas has achieved scientific and environmentally friendly restoration and soil fertility improvement of alpine grasslands through a series of measures such as early relocation of grazing, rodent control, grass seed selection and matching, seed soaking of fungi, organic fertilizer application, and no-till or artificial reseeding.

[0089] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention and within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine areas, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Move the animals out of the pasture ahead of time and use bows and arrows to catch them to prevent and control rodent infestation; Step 2: Study the combination of different grass species in different proportions to select the most suitable forage grass seed matching mode; Step 3, soaking the seeds in the fungicide; Step 4: Use organic fertilizer for fertilization; Step five: Carry out no-till reseeding or manual reseeding.

2. The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method adopts mechanical no-tillage overseeding technology to carry out restoration in moderately degraded areas with flat and open terrain on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and adopts artificial leveling of mouse mounds and overseeding to carry out restoration in hillsides, valleys and hilly areas. The altitude is between 2200 and 3200 meters and the soil condition is sandy loam.

3. The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first step, moving the herd one month to forty days in advance, can reduce the impact of grazing on grassland growth.

4. The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the step 2, wild native grass species such as Elymus nutans, Poa annua, Festuca australis and Alpinia truncatula are used for protected sowing, and perennial ryegrass is used for sowing.

5. The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the third step, the flat clover seeds are first lightly polished with sandpaper until the surface is rough and hairy, and then soaked in 80°C hot water for 8 minutes, dried and set aside; or soaked in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid for 30 minutes, then rinsed with running water for 10 minutes, and naturally air-dried. The selected grass seeds have short awns and do not need to be de-awned; use a composite microbial growth-promoting agent (effective viable bacteria count ≥ 10 8 CFU / g), put the treated seeds in a clean seed mixer and add the microbial agent for seed dressing. The amount of microbial agent used is 15-20L / hm 2 It is advisable to completely wet the seeds, and stir them evenly several times during the process. The seed mixing should be done in a cool place indoors, avoiding direct sunlight. The seeds mixed with fungi should be stored in a cool place to air dry, and should not be dried in the sun. To avoid the loss of activity of microbial fungi, it is recommended to sow as soon as possible after the seeds are slightly dry after mixing.

6. The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the type of fertilizer applied is organic fertilizer 1000-2000 kg / hm 2 (The main raw material is sheep manure, with organic matter ≥30%, moisture ≤30%, total nutrients (N+P2O5+K2O) ≥4.0%, and N+P+K content of 50g / kg), which is made from pure sheep manure after pile storage and fermentation. In flat and open areas, mechanical spreading is used, and manual spreading is used on hillsides, valleys, and hilly areas.

7. The method for near-natural restoration and soil fertility improvement of natural grassland communities in alpine pastoral areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In the fifth step, after the soil of natural grassland in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau thaws and before the grass turns green (around mid-April), a no-tillage sowing machine is used to scratch the turf for sowing, the scratching treatment uses a machine-driven disc, the disc spacing is 15-20 cm, the harrowing depth is 3-4 cm, and the no-tillage sowing machine is used to cover the soil and suppress, and the forage seed matching ratio is 40% of drooping alkali grass + 20% of cold-land bluegrass + 20% of Chinese fescue + 20% of flat lucerne 20%, and a certain amount of perennial ryegrass is mixed with Chinese fescue and perennial ryegrass in a ratio of 7:3 to play a protective role in the 20% Chinese fescue. The sowing amount of drooping alkali grass, Chinese fescue, cold-land bluegrass and flat lucerne 20% is respectively based on their single sowing amount of 22.5 kg·hm -2 , 22.5kg·hm -2 、15.0kg·hm -2 and 12kg·hm -2 After mixing, reseeding: 9kg·hm2 of perennial ryegrass -2 Sowing amount.

8. Application of a near-natural restoration method for natural grassland communities in alpine regions, characterized in that: This method is applied to natural grassland community restoration projects in high-altitude areas. Through the steps of early relocation of grazing, artificial bow and arrow capture of rodent pests, screening of suitable forage seed matching patterns, soaking seeds with bacterial agents, fertilizing with organic fertilizers, and no-till or artificial reseeding, it can achieve near-natural restoration of natural grassland communities, improve grassland fertility, and restore the ecological function and stability of grassland.

9. An application of a method for restoring a natural grassland community in a high-cold region in an ecological restoration project, characterized in that: This method is used in ecological restoration projects, especially when it is necessary to restore degraded natural grasslands in high-altitude areas. By implementing early re-grazing, artificial bow and arrow rodent control, optimized forage seed matching, fungal seed treatment, organic fertilizer application and overseeding technology, it promotes the natural recovery of natural grassland communities, enhances the ecological service functions of grasslands, and improves the ecological quality of the project area.

10. Application of a method for restoring natural grassland communities in alpine regions in biodiversity conservation, characterized in that: This method is used in biodiversity conservation projects, especially when there is a need to protect and restore the biodiversity of natural grasslands in high-altitude areas. By adopting early transfer to grazing to reduce livestock pressure, artificial bows and arrows to control rodent pests, scientifically screening grass seed combinations, bacterial agents to promote seed germination, organic fertilizers to improve soil fertility, and overseeding technology to increase vegetation coverage, the biodiversity of natural grasslands can be protected and restored, and the health and stability of the ecosystem can be promoted.

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