Energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tin smelting equipment, and discloses an energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system and method. The system comprises a roasted product primary air supply system, a roasted product transfer bin, a roasted product secondary air supply system, a roasted product storage bin, a roasted product tertiary air supply system, a dry powder transfer bin, a dry powder primary air supply system, a dry powder storage bin, a dry powder secondary air supply system, a pulverized coal storage bin, an oxygen-enriched air conveying system, a top-blowing spray gun, a bag collector, a surface cooler and an electric dust collector. A segmented concentrated-phase pneumatic conveying mode is adopted, and abrasion of particles to the wall face of the pipeline is reduced; the roasted sand is conveyed into the top-blown furnace through pneumatic conveying of a full-flow closed pipeline, so that the direct recovery rate of metal is increased; pulverized coal, dry powder and oxygen-enriched air are injected into the melt through a rotational flow spray gun, and the smelting process is accelerated; smelting flue gas and slag are treated by the equipment, pollutants in the flue gas are purified, and tin-containing smoke dust and tin-containing slag are subjected to secondary recovery smelting while environmental pollution is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tin smelting equipment, and more particularly to an energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system and method. Background Art

[0002] Modern tin smelting generally adopts the pyrometallurgical process. The tin concentrate is first treated before smelting. Impurities such as sulfur, arsenic and antimony that are harmful to smelting are removed through operations such as selection, roasting, and leaching. At the same time, various valuable metals are comprehensively recovered. The roasted tin concentrate is batched and kneaded with the reducing agent, roasting smoke, etc. in the batching system, and is transported to the upper feed port of the top-blown furnace by a belt. Air and fuel are directly sprayed into the melt from the end of the spray gun, forming a violently churning molten pool in the furnace, thereby reducing and smelting to produce crude tin and tin-rich slag. The tin-rich slag is smoked in the fuming furnace to produce tin-rich smoke and discardable depleted slag. However, in the traditional tin smelting process, the method of transporting to the upper feed port of the top-blown furnace by a belt conveyor has dust escape and volatilization, resulting in reduced metal direct recovery and poor operating environment. In addition, the mixed granulation operation will increase the water content, resulting in more smelting fuel consumption, which is useless and energy-consuming for the smelting process. Therefore, providing a low-cost, low-consumption, and efficient tin smelting system and method is an issue that needs to be urgently addressed by those skilled in the art.

[0003] Prior art 1, application number: CN202310901431.4 discloses a method for predicting carbon emissions in the tin smelting process based on the carbon metabolism mechanism. First, the basic data such as material consumption and output related to carbon elements are collected to determine the carbon emission data, then the emission sources are identified, and the carbon emission accounting method is determined. After that, the intermediate process is used as the research unit to carry out input-output balance analysis, select the key processes and equipment with large carbon emissions, and then carry out chemical reaction analysis and influencing factor analysis of the carbon element metabolism mechanism of each key process, and finally establish a metabolic balance prediction model for carbon dioxide emissions from tin smelting; although the carbon element metabolism process of tin smelting is analyzed, the principle and footprint of carbon element metabolism are clarified, and the technical gap of carbon accounting and prediction of tin smelting is filled, and a feasible new idea and direction for carbon accounting of tin smelting is provided as a reference for other industries. However, only the prediction of carbon dioxide emissions is achieved, and the reduction of carbon emissions in the tin smelting process cannot be achieved.

[0004] Prior art 2, application number: CN 202410229128.9 discloses a tin smelting energy consumption management system and prediction method based on GA-SVR, which is used as the initial data set. The data in the initial data set is preprocessed to obtain a new data set, and the factors that mainly affect energy consumption in the preprocessed data set are analyzed, and the factors in the data set with a correlation less than the threshold are eliminated. The factors with a correlation with energy consumption greater than the threshold are selected as correlation factors, and a prediction model is constructed. The established prediction model is trained, and the prediction results of the model are evaluated by error calculation. Although the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction is achieved by controlling the influencing factors, the factors that mainly affect energy consumption can be analyzed in a small amount of data, and the specific factors that affect energy consumption can be quickly located, so that production workers can quickly adjust the production parameters. However, relying on the prediction model for prediction requires the use of a large amount of data, and over-reliance on the accuracy of the prediction model affects the data processing efficiency.

[0005] Prior art three, application number: CN 202410318031.5 discloses a tin smelting energy consumption data collection system and analysis method based on the Apriori algorithm. The system can collect various types of energy consumption data with a unified standard, with strong data availability, and can select different alarm modes according to user needs, with a wide range of applications. First, the data collected by the collection system is cleaned, and then the Apriori algorithm is used to mine out energy consumption factors, and association rules are constructed. Finally, a multivariate linear regression model is constructed, and the F test and t test are used to verify whether the regression model is statistically significant. If significant, the regression coefficient of each factor is extracted as the energy consumption weight of each factor. Although the analysis method can effectively mine out important energy consumption factors, it also accurately analyzes the proportion of energy consumption accounted for by each factor, which helps relevant personnel to clearly understand the energy consumption and energy consumption reasons of the tin smelting process, and formulate more accurate and effective energy-saving and emission reduction strategies. However, it cannot provide the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction, and lacks relevant measures and plans.

[0006] At present, the existing technologies 1, 2 and 3 have the problems of dust dispersion and volatilization, reduced metal recovery rate, poor operating environment and more smelting fuel consumption. Therefore, the present invention provides a tin smelting system and method for energy saving and carbon reduction, a low-cost, low-energy consumption and high-efficiency tin smelting system and method, and improves the traditional top-blown tin smelting system and method to a certain extent, so as to achieve the effects of reducing costs, improving metal recovery rate, reducing energy consumption and improving working environment. Summary of the invention

[0007] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a tin smelting system and method for energy saving and carbon reduction, so as to solve the problems of dust escape and volatilization, reduced metal direct recovery rate, poor operating environment and more consumption of smelting fuel in the prior art.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] An energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system, comprising: a fluidized bed roaster, a roasted sand ball mill, a pulverized coal storage bin, a roasted sand transfer bin, a roasted sand storage bin, a dry powder transfer bin, a dry powder storage bin, a top-blowing lance, and a top-blowing furnace;

[0010] Wherein, the bottom of the fluidized bed roasting furnace is connected to the roasting ball mill, the bottom of the roasting ball mill is provided with a roasting primary air supply system, and is connected to the roasting transfer bin through the roasting primary air supply system, the bottom of the roasting transfer bin is provided with a roasting secondary air supply system, and is connected to the roasting storage bin through the roasting secondary air supply system, the bottom of the roasting storage bin is provided with a roasting tertiary air supply system, and is connected to the top-blowing spray gun through the roasting tertiary air supply system;

[0011] A dry powder primary air supply system is provided at the bottom of the dry powder transfer bin, and is connected to the dry powder storage bin through the dry powder primary air supply system; a dry powder secondary air supply system is provided at the bottom of the dry powder storage bin, and is connected to the top-blowing spray gun through the dry powder secondary air supply system;

[0012] The top-blowing lance extends vertically downward into the interior of the top-blowing furnace.

[0013] Preferably, the above system further comprises: a fuming furnace, a second waste heat boiler, a surface cooler and an electric precipitator;

[0014] The fuming furnace is connected to the second waste heat boiler, the surface cooler and the electric precipitator in sequence;

[0015] An ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the surface cooler, a scraper conveyor is arranged below the ash hopper, and the scraper conveyor is connected to the inlet end of the dry powder transfer bin.

[0016] Preferably, the above system further comprises:

[0017] oxygen-enriched air delivery system and pulverized coal storage silos;

[0018] The oxygen-enriched air delivery system and the pulverized coal storage bin are respectively connected to the top-blowing lance.

[0019] Preferably, the above system further comprises:

[0020] No. 1 waste heat boiler and bag filter;

[0021] The top flue gas outlet of the top blowing furnace is connected to the first waste heat boiler, and the first waste heat boiler is connected to the bag dust collector.

[0022] Preferably, the top-blowing lance comprises: a sleeve air duct, an oxygen pipe, a material pipe and a pulverized coal pipe, wherein the sleeve air duct is connected to the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the oxygen pipe is connected to the oxygen-enriched air delivery system, the material pipe is connected to the dry powder secondary air supply system, and the pulverized coal pipe is connected to the pulverized coal storage bin;

[0023] Among them, the oxygen tube, material tube and pulverized coal tube are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the sleeve air duct is covered on the top of the oxygen tube, the outlet end of the sleeve air duct is provided with a sleeve air duct swirl plate, the bottom of the sleeve air duct swirl plate is provided with a sleeve air outlet, and the oxygen tube is provided with a third oxygen tube swirl plate, a second oxygen tube swirl plate and a first oxygen tube swirl plate in sequence from the outlet end to the inlet end; the outlet end of the material pipe is provided with a material tube swirl plate.

[0024] Another object of the present invention is to provide a tin smelting method for energy saving and carbon reduction, which is applied to the tin smelting system for energy saving and carbon reduction. The tin smelting method for energy saving and carbon reduction comprises:

[0025] Step S1: Start the fluidized bed roasting furnace, and after ball milling in the roasting ball mill, transport the roasted sand to the roasted sand storage bin through the roasting sand primary air supply system, the roasting sand transfer bin, and the roasting sand secondary air supply system; transport the smoke to the dry powder storage bin through the dry powder transfer bin and the dry powder primary air supply system, and transport the pulverized coal to the pulverized coal storage bin, check the equipment operation status, and confirm that all components are normal; start the smelting process;

[0026] Step S2: starting the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the dry powder secondary air supply system, the oxygen-enriched air delivery system and the pulverized coal storage bin, and delivering the roasted sand, dry powder, oxygen and pulverized coal to the top-blowing lance; controlling the supply ratio and speed of the roasted sand, dry powder, pulverized coal and oxygen through the top-blowing lance, adjusting the reaction conditions in the top-blowing furnace, ensuring that the smelting reaction is carried out efficiently, and producing the desired crude tin product;

[0027] Step S3: the slag after smelting in the top-blown furnace is treated by a fuming furnace, a second waste heat boiler, a surface cooler and an electrostatic precipitator, and the tin metal in the slag is recovered and put into the top-blown furnace for smelting again; the flue gas after smelting in the top-blown furnace is treated by a first waste heat boiler and a bag dust collector, and the tin metal in the flue gas is recovered and put into the top-blown furnace for smelting again; the waste heat in the grate exhaust gas is utilized by the first waste heat boiler and the second waste heat boiler to generate steam or hot water for process needs;

[0028] Step S4: When the production process is completed or needs to be shut down for maintenance, the equipment is gradually shut down and the equipment and pipelines are cleaned.

[0029] As a further improvement of the present invention, the operation process of the top blowing spray gun includes:

[0030] S21: Confirm that the sleeve air duct, oxygen pipe, material pipe and pulverized coal pipe are well connected, ensure that the sleeve air duct swirl blade, sleeve air outlet, first oxygen pipe swirl blade, second oxygen pipe swirl blade, third oxygen pipe swirl blade and material pipe swirl blade are in the correct position, and check whether the spray gun outlet is clean and unblocked;

[0031] S22: Start the top-blowing spray gun, open the valves of the oxygen pipe, material pipe and pulverized coal pipe, and spray dry powder material and pulverized coal into the furnace through the material pipe and pulverized coal pipe; at the same time, start the sleeve air duct, and supply air and roasted sand to the combustion area through the sleeve air outlet; adjust the air supply of the oxygen pipe and the material pipe, and control the spraying speed of the pulverized coal pipe;

[0032] S23: Monitor the operating status of the top-blowing spray gun, including oxygen supply, material injection and swirl effect, and adjust various parameters as needed; when the production process is completed or needs to be shut down, gradually close the pipeline valves to stop injection and oxygen supply.

[0033] As a further improvement of the present invention, a method for determining the solid-gas ratio m includes:

[0034] The solid-gas ratio m is the ratio of the mass of the transported particulate material per unit time to the mass of air required in the same time;

[0035]

[0036] In the formula, G s is the particle delivery rate, unit is kg / min; G a The amount of air required for delivery, kg / min; Q a The required air volume for delivery, m 3 / min, is the air density, unit is kg / m 3 .

[0037] As a further improvement of the present invention, a method for determining the conveying air volume includes:

[0038] Conveying air volume Q a The calculation formula is as follows, unit is m 3 / min:

[0039]

[0040] Where U a is the average conveying air velocity, in m / s; D is the inner diameter of the conveying pipe, in m.

[0041] As a further improvement of the present invention, a method for determining pressure includes:

[0042] According to the size of the material-gas mass flow ratio m, m>10 is called dense phase transportation. In dense phase pipeline transportation:

[0043]

[0044] Where, p1 is the initial pressure of the conveying system, in kPa; p2 is the final pressure of the conveying system, in kPa; β is a constant, whose value is 0.6; m is the mass flow ratio of material to gas; L is the length of the horizontal pipe of the system; g is the acceleration of gravity; R is the gas constant, and its value is 287J / (kg·K) when the conveying medium is air; T is the thermodynamic temperature, in K; v s is the particle speed, unit is m / s; U a is the air velocity in m / s.

[0045] It can be seen from the above technical solution that compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1) The method of conveying roasted sand by belt conveyor is cancelled. The roasted sand is conveyed to the top-blown furnace by pneumatic conveying in a closed pipeline throughout the whole process, which avoids the problems of mechanical inclusion and flying loss in the conveying process, improves the direct recovery rate of metal, and avoids material loss caused by conveying. It prolongs the service life of related equipment, improves the transportation environment, and realizes clean production and environmental friendliness.

[0047] 2) The implementation of the segmented dense phase pneumatic conveying method has greatly reduced the wear of particles on the pipe wall, reduced maintenance costs and the number of maintenance times, and greatly improved the smelting efficiency.

[0048] 3) The kneading operation of roasted sand, slag and roasting dust is eliminated, and the materials are ground and sprayed directly into the top-blown furnace through the wind layer of the spray gun sleeve. This method significantly reduces the moisture content of the materials, reduces water consumption, electricity consumption of the granulator, reduces coal consumption for smelting, reduces the cost of flue gas treatment, and effectively reduces the cost of treating polluted acid and wastewater.

[0049] 4) A swirl sheet is added at the lower end of the ventilation layer of the spray gun sleeve, and the roasted sand is passed into the molten pool through the ventilation layer of the sleeve, which is conducive to the full contact between the roasted sand and the melt, improves the smelting efficiency, and avoids the flying problem of fine particles falling from a high place. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a tin smelting system for energy saving and carbon reduction according to the present invention;

[0052] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a top-blowing lance in one embodiment of a tin smelting system for energy saving and carbon reduction according to the present invention 。 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The terms "first", "second" and "third" in the present invention are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" and "third" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement, etc. between the components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication also changes accordingly. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but optionally also includes steps or units that are not listed, or optionally also includes other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0055] Reference to an "embodiment" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of the phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] See also Figure 1The present embodiment provides a tin smelting system for energy saving and carbon reduction, including: a fluidized bed roasting furnace 1, a roasting ball mill 2, a roasting primary air supply system 3, a roasting transfer bin 4, a roasting secondary air supply system 5, a roasting storage bin 6, a roasting tertiary air supply system 7, a dry powder transfer bin 8, a dry powder primary air supply system 9, a dry powder storage bin 10, a dry powder secondary air supply system 11, a pulverized coal storage bin 12, an oxygen-enriched air delivery system 13, a top-blowing lance 14, a top-blowing furnace 15, a first waste heat boiler 16, a bag dust collector 17, a fuming furnace 18, a second waste heat boiler 19, a surface cooler 20, and an electric dust collector 21;

[0058] Wherein, the bottom of the fluidized bed roasting furnace 1 is connected with the inlet end of the roasting ball mill 2, the bottom of the roasting ball mill 2 is equipped with a roasting primary air supply system 3, the roasting ball mill 2 is connected with the inlet end of the roasting transfer bin 4 through the roasting primary air supply system 3, the bottom of the roasting transfer bin 4 is equipped with a roasting secondary air supply system 5, the roasting transfer bin 4 is connected with the roasting storage bin 6 through the roasting secondary air supply system 5, the bottom of the roasting storage bin 6 is equipped with a roasting tertiary air supply system 7, and the roasting storage bin 6 is connected with a top-blowing spray gun 14 through the roasting tertiary air supply system 7;

[0059] The fuming furnace 18 is connected to the second waste heat boiler 19 through a pipeline, the second waste heat boiler 19 is connected to the surface cooler 20 through a pipeline, the surface cooler 20 is connected to the electric dust collector 21, an ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the surface cooler 20, the scraper conveyor below the ash hopper is connected to the inlet end of the dry powder transfer bin 8, a dry powder primary air supply system 9 is installed at the bottom of the dry powder transfer bin 8, the dry powder transfer bin 8 is connected to the inlet end of the dry powder storage bin 10 through the dry powder primary air supply system 9, a dry powder secondary air supply system 11 is installed at the bottom of the dry powder storage bin 10, and the dry powder storage bin 10 is connected to the top blowing spray gun 14 through the dry powder secondary air supply system 11;

[0060] The pulverized coal storage bin 12 and the oxygen-enriched air delivery system 13 are respectively connected to the top-blowing lance 14; the top-blowing lance 14 is placed at the center of the top-blown furnace 15, and the top flue gas outlet of the top-blown furnace 15 is connected to the first waste heat boiler 16, and the first waste heat boiler 16 is connected to the bag dust collector 27.

[0061] The fluidized bed roasting furnace 1 of this embodiment improves the reaction rate and efficiency through fluidized bed roasting, achieves a higher impurity removal effect, roasts the tin concentrate, releases sulfides and valuable metals, removes impurities harmful to smelting, and comprehensively recovers various valuable metals;

[0062] The roasted sand ball mill 2 performs ball milling on the roasted sand to improve the fineness and uniformity of the roasted sand, increase the reaction surface area, and promote the smelting reaction; the roasted sand transfer bin 4 temporarily stores the roasted sand, and transports the roasted sand to the next process through the roasted sand secondary air supply system; the roasted sand storage bin 6 temporarily stores the roasted sand, and transports the roasted sand to the top-blowing spray gun 14 through the roasted sand tertiary air supply system 5;

[0063] The dry powder transfer bin 8 temporarily stores dry powder, and conveys the dry powder to the next process through the dry powder primary air supply system 9; the dry powder storage bin 10 temporarily stores dry powder, and conveys the dry powder to the top-blowing spray gun 14 through the dry powder secondary air supply system 11;

[0064] The pulverized coal storage bin 12 stores pulverized coal for combustion in the furnace, replacing traditional fuels and reducing production costs. Excess pulverized coal can provide a reducing atmosphere for the top-blown furnace and promote the precipitation of crude tin.

[0065] The oxygen-enriched air delivery system 13 delivers oxygen-enriched air for the combustion process to improve the combustion efficiency; the top-blowing lance 14 delivers fuel and oxygen into the furnace through top blowing to achieve efficient combustion;

[0066] The top-blown furnace 15 is used for combustion reaction to increase the temperature in the furnace; the first waste heat boiler 16 and the second waste heat boiler 19 use the waste heat of the grate exhaust gas to generate steam or hot water for heating or power generation;

[0067] The bag dust collector 17 is used to collect particulate matter in the grate exhaust gas to reduce pollutant emissions;

[0068] The surface cooler 20 cools the grate exhaust gas to reduce the temperature and reduce the impact on the environment;

[0069] The electrostatic precipitator 21 further collects particulate matter in the grate exhaust gas to reduce air pollution.

[0070] Through the structure and operation process of the above device, the purpose of improving metal recovery rate, improving reaction efficiency in the furnace, reducing carbon emissions, using waste heat to generate electricity and reducing pollutant emissions can be achieved. Improving resource utilization, reducing energy consumption, reducing environmental pollution, and promoting green development are in line with the national policy requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction, and have economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits.

[0071] This embodiment realizes smelting and heat energy utilization: through smelting equipment such as the boiling roasting furnace 1 and the top-blown furnace 14, the pulverized coal is in contact with oxygen-enriched air and burned to provide heat. In addition, the excess pulverized coal can provide a reducing atmosphere for the top-blown molten pool, promoting the reduction of tin metal in roasted sand and dry powder; the first waste heat boiler 16 and the second waste heat boiler 19 use the waste heat in the smelting flue gas to generate steam or hot water for process heat energy needs.

[0072] By means of equipment such as the top-blowing lance 14, the mixing ratio and supply rate of pulverized coal, materials and oxygen are controlled to achieve efficient combustion reaction and reduce energy waste and carbon emissions.

[0073] Solid particles and pollutants in the smelting flue gas are captured and processed by equipment such as bag dust collector 17 and electrostatic dust collector 21, thereby reducing the emission of atmospheric pollutants.

[0074] By using the first waste heat boiler 16 and the second waste heat boiler 19 and other equipment, the waste heat in the grate exhaust gas is utilized to improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions.

[0075] Through the roasted sand transfer bin 4, dry powder transfer bin 8 and other equipment, the stable operation of the equipment is ensured, and the long-distance pipeline dense phase transportation of roasted sand and dry powder is realized. At the same time, the device structure is reasonably designed, the equipment operates stably, and energy loss is reduced, achieving the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction.

[0076] From the above, the energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system of this embodiment achieves efficient use of energy by optimizing equipment structure, controlling process parameters, utilizing waste heat, purifying exhaust gas and other measures. Through process improvement, the water-adding and kneading operation is eliminated, so that the moisture content of the material is significantly reduced, the water consumption and the power consumption of the granulator are reduced, and the coal consumption of smelting and the cost of flue gas treatment are reduced. At the same time, the cost of treating polluted acid and wastewater is also effectively reduced, achieving the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction, and meeting the environmental protection requirements of sustainable development.

[0077] In this embodiment, if Figure 2 As shown, the top-blowing lance 14 specifically includes: a sleeve air duct 22, a sleeve air duct swirl sheet 23, a sleeve air outlet 24, an oxygen pipe 25, a material pipe 26, a pulverized coal pipe 27, a first oxygen pipe swirl sheet 28, a second oxygen pipe swirl sheet 29, a third oxygen pipe swirl sheet 30, a material pipe swirl sheet 31, and a lance outlet 32;

[0078] The sleeve air duct 22 is connected to the roasted sand tertiary air supply system 7, the oxygen pipe 25 is connected to the oxygen-enriched air delivery system 13, the material pipe 26 is connected to the dry powder secondary air supply system 11, and the pulverized coal pipe 27 is connected to the pulverized coal storage bin 12;

[0079] Among them, the sleeve air duct 22 is arranged at the outermost side of the top-blowing lance 14, and from the outside to the inside are the oxygen tube 25, the material tube 26 and the pulverized coal tube 27; the outlet end of the sleeve air duct 22 is also provided with a sleeve air duct swirl sheet 23, and the bottom of the sleeve air duct swirl sheet 23 is provided with a sleeve air outlet 24, the lance outlet 32 ​​is arranged at the bottom of the top-blowing lance 14, and the oxygen tube 25 is provided with a third oxygen tube swirl sheet 30, a second oxygen tube swirl sheet 29, and a first oxygen tube swirl sheet 28 in sequence from the lance outlet to the lance inlet; the outlet end of the material pipe 26 is provided with a material pipe swirl sheet 31.

[0080] The sleeve air duct 22 of this embodiment is fed with air and roasted sand, which is the main material source for smelting tin, followed by dry powder (which contains less tin than roasted sand);

[0081] The main passage for oxygen is the oxygen pipe 25, into which oxygen-enriched air is introduced;

[0082] The sleeve air duct swirl sheet 23 is located at the top of the sleeve air duct 22. Through the swirl effect, the rotation speed and kinetic energy of the gas are increased. First, the roasted sand particles are rotated and thrown into the molten pool to avoid local accumulation of roasted sand particles, thereby increasing the uniformity of the material from the root. Second, the cyclone converts the axial kinetic energy of the gas phase into the tangential direction, reduces the axial speed of the particles, increases the tangential speed, generates a spiral material motion trajectory, and promotes the dispersion of roasted sand without aggregation.

[0083] The sleeve air outlet 24 is located on the right side of the sleeve air duct 22, and guides the gas with increased swirl to the smelting area. The combustion area is near the lance outlet area, and inside the melt in the top-blown furnace, providing sufficient oxygen and heat;

[0084] The oxygen pipe 25 delivers oxygen to the top-blowing lance 14, providing the oxygen required for combustion during the smelting process and providing a large amount of heat for the smelting;

[0085] The material pipe 26 conveys the dry powder to the top-blowing spray gun 14 to realize the injection of the material and provide the tin-containing material. The primary cyclone of this layer can promote its radial dispersion to avoid local accumulation.

[0086] The pulverized coal pipe 27 is located inside the material pipe 26 and sprays the pulverized coal into the melt by injecting a high-speed airflow;

[0087] The first oxygen tube swirl blade 28, the second oxygen tube swirl blade 29, and the third oxygen tube swirl blade 30 are located on the inner side of the spray gun outlet 32, in the mixing zone at the end of the spray gun, and enhance the rotation and mixing effect of oxygen through the swirl effect, thereby promoting the combustion reaction;

[0088] The material pipe swirl sheet 31 is located in the material pipe 26 channel, and through the swirl effect, the dispersion effect of the material is increased, so that it is evenly sprayed into the smelting area;

[0089] The spray gun outlet 32 ​​sprays oxygen and pulverized coal into the molten pool to achieve combustion reaction, and at the same time diffuses dry powder into the molten pool to achieve reduction smelting, thereby enhancing the mixing effect of gas and material, improving smelting efficiency, and promoting the dispersion and smelting of materials.

[0090] By optimizing the structure and design of the top-blowing lance, a more efficient and stable smelting process can be achieved, smelting efficiency can be improved, and energy consumption and carbon emissions can be reduced; improve smelting efficiency: by strengthening the gas stirring process of the molten pool, the contact area between the material particles and the melt is increased, the rate and efficiency of the smelting reaction are improved, and the output and quality are improved; save energy: effectively utilize the combustion energy of oxygen and pulverized coal, reduce energy waste, and reduce energy consumption; reduce carbon emissions: optimize the combustion process, achieve more complete combustion, reduce carbon emissions caused by incomplete combustion, and reduce environmental pollution; improve product quality: by controlling the smelting process, the content and quality of the metal products can meet the expected requirements.

[0091] In summary, the various structures of this embodiment are intended to achieve an efficient and stable smelting process, improve smelting efficiency, save energy, reduce carbon emissions, improve product quality, and meet the requirements of energy conservation, carbon reduction and environmental protection.

[0092] Example 2

[0093] This embodiment provides a tin smelting method for energy saving and carbon reduction. In this embodiment, the tin smelting method for energy saving and carbon reduction is applied to the tin smelting system for energy saving and carbon reduction in the above embodiment 1. The tin smelting method for energy saving and carbon reduction specifically includes the following steps:

[0094] Step S1: start the fluidized bed roasting furnace 1, and after being ball-milled by the roasting ball mill 2, transport the roasted sand to the roasting sand storage bin 6 through the roasting sand primary air supply system 3, the roasting sand transfer bin 4, and the roasting sand secondary air supply system 5; transport the smoke to the dry powder storage bin 10 through the dry powder transfer bin 8 and the dry powder primary air supply system 9, and transport the pulverized coal to the pulverized coal storage bin 12, check the equipment operation status, and confirm that all components are normal; start the smelting process;

[0095] Step S2: starting the roasted sand tertiary air supply system 7, the dry powder secondary air supply system 11, the oxygen-enriched air delivery system 13 and the pulverized coal storage bin 12, and delivering the roasted sand, dry powder, oxygen and pulverized coal to the top-blowing lance 14; controlling the supply ratio and speed of the roasted sand, dry powder, pulverized coal and oxygen through the top-blowing lance 14, adjusting the reaction conditions in the top-blowing furnace 15, ensuring that the smelting reaction is carried out efficiently, and producing the desired crude tin product;

[0096] Step S3: the slag after smelting in the top-blown furnace 15 is processed by the fuming furnace 18, the second waste heat boiler 19, the surface cooler 20 and the electrostatic precipitator 21, and the tin metal in the slag is recovered and put into the top-blown furnace 15 for smelting again; the flue gas after smelting in the top-blown furnace 15 is processed by the first waste heat boiler 16 and the bag filter 17, and the tin metal in the flue gas is recovered and put into the top-blown furnace 15 for smelting again; the waste heat in the grate exhaust gas is utilized by the first waste heat boiler 16 and the second waste heat boiler 19 to generate steam or hot water for process needs;

[0097] Step S4: When the production process is completed or needs to be shut down for maintenance, the equipment is gradually shut down and the equipment and pipelines are cleaned.

[0098] In this embodiment, step S1 ensures that the preparation work of the smelting equipment is completed, roasted sand, smoke, and pulverized coal are transported to the corresponding positions, and the equipment is started normally; before starting the smelting process, the completion of the preparation work can ensure the smooth progress of subsequent operations and ensure the safe and stable operation of the equipment.

[0099] Step S2 controls the oxygen supply ratio and speed, adjusts the reaction conditions in the furnace, ensures the efficient smelting reaction, and produces crude tin products; ensures the normal progress and efficient conversion of the smelting reaction, effectively reduces energy consumption, improves smelting efficiency, and reduces carbon emissions.

[0100] Step S3 processes the rich slag and flue gas through a fuming furnace, a waste heat boiler, and a dust collector to recover the tin metal in the slag and the flue gas; improves the recovery rate of the tin metal, reduces resource waste, saves energy, and reduces the impact on the environment.

[0101] Step S4 realizes the transfer and transportation of roasted sand and dry powder and the gradual shutdown of equipment to ensure the cleanliness of equipment and pipelines; at the end of the smelting process, materials and equipment are handled in an orderly manner to ensure the cleanliness and normal operation of the equipment before the next use, thereby protecting the equipment life and production environment.

[0102] In summary, this embodiment can achieve the goals of energy saving and carbon reduction through each step, improve smelting efficiency, achieve effective utilization of resources, and reduce environmental impact. The implementation of these steps helps to reduce energy consumption, mitigate climate change, and improve resource utilization, which meets the requirements of sustainable development and environmental protection.

[0103] Furthermore, the operation process of the top blowing spray gun in step S2 specifically includes the following steps:

[0104] Step S21: Confirm that the sleeve air duct 22, oxygen pipe 25, material pipe 26, pulverized coal pipe 27 and other pipes are well connected, ensure that the sleeve air duct swirl piece 23, sleeve air outlet 24, first oxygen pipe swirl piece 28, second oxygen pipe swirl piece 29, third oxygen pipe swirl piece 30, and material pipe swirl piece 31 are in the correct position, and check whether the spray gun outlet 32 ​​and various components are clean and unblocked;

[0105] Step S22: start the top-blowing lance 14, open the valves of the oxygen pipe 25 and the material pipe 26, and spray pulverized coal into the furnace through the pulverized coal pipe 27; at the same time, start the sleeve air duct 22, and supply roasted sand to the smelting area through the sleeve air outlet 24; adjust the gas supply of the oxygen pipe 25 and the material pipe 26, and control the injection speed of the pulverized coal pipe 27. The fuel (pulverized coal) provides heat through combustion, and at the same time provides a reducing atmosphere to reduce the tin metal in the dry powder and roasted sand. The first oxygen pipe swirl plate 28, the second oxygen pipe swirl plate 29, the third oxygen pipe swirl plate 30, and the material pipe swirl plate 31 increase the gas swirl, promote the full progress of the reaction, and improve the smelting efficiency;

[0106] Step S23: Monitor the operating status of the top-blowing lance, including oxygen supply, material injection and swirl effect, and adjust various parameters as needed; when the production process is completed or needs to be shut down, gradually close the valves of each pipeline, stop injection and oxygen supply, and ensure the safe shutdown of the equipment. During the entire use process, the operator needs to adjust the various parameters of the top-blowing lance according to the process requirements, control the smelting reaction, ensure the smooth progress of the production process, and achieve the expected production effect. At the same time, regularly check and clean the lance and pipeline to ensure the normal operation of the equipment and improve production efficiency.

[0107] Step S21 of this embodiment ensures that the pipelines of the top-blowing spray gun are well connected and correctly positioned, and checks that the outlet is clean and unblocked to ensure normal operation; prevents operational difficulties or equipment failures caused by problems such as poor pipeline connection or outlet blockage, and ensures the normal operation of the top-blowing spray gun.

[0108] Step S22 starts the top-blowing lance to spray oxygen-enriched air, dry powder material and pulverized coal through the oxygen pipe, material pipe and pulverized coal pipe, while adjusting the supply of oxygen and material; to achieve control and optimization of the smelting reaction, ensure good enthalpy balance and smelting efficiency, and improve the efficiency and quality of the production process.

[0109] Step S23 monitors the operating status of the top-blowing spray gun, including oxygen supply, material injection and swirl effect, and adjusts parameters as needed; responds and adjusts operating parameters in a timely manner to ensure stable operation and ideal effect of the top-blowing spray gun, thereby improving the controllability and stability of the production process.

[0110] In summary, during the operation of the top-blowing lance in this embodiment, gradually executing different steps can ensure the normal operation of the lance and achieve effective control and optimization of the smelting reaction, thereby improving production efficiency, optimizing product quality, and ensuring operation safety and equipment stability. Correctly executing these steps can improve process reliability and production efficiency, while reducing energy consumption and emissions, meeting industrial requirements for energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0111] Furthermore, the energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting method of the embodiment of the present invention determines the parameters such as the solid-gas ratio, conveying air volume and pressure required for conveying dense phase materials, and specifically includes: a pneumatic conveying system composed of a roasted sand primary air supply system 3, a roasted sand secondary air supply system 5, a roasted sand storage bin 6, a roasted sand secondary air supply system 7, a dry powder transfer bin 8, a dry powder primary air supply system 9, a dry powder storage bin 10, a dry powder secondary air supply system 11, a pulverized coal storage bin 12 and an oxygen-enriched air conveying system 13, etc.

[0112] Among them, the solid-gas ratio m is:

[0113] The solid-gas ratio m is the ratio of the mass of the granular material transported per unit time to the mass of the air required in the same time; a large solid-gas ratio is conducive to increasing the transport capacity, requiring a small amount of air, low unit energy consumption, and smaller pipe diameters, separators, and dust removal equipment; but if the solid-gas ratio is too large, the feed pipe is prone to blockage, the pressure loss in the pipeline increases, and high-pressure air source equipment is required; the solid-gas ratio is limited by factors such as the form and structure of the feeding device, the pressure of the air source equipment, and the material characteristics and transport conditions; when designing, the appropriate solid-gas ratio should be selected with reference to existing experience, and sometimes it can only be selected after repeated calculations;

[0114]

[0115] In the formula, G s is the particle delivery rate, unit is kg / min; G a The amount of air required for delivery, kg / min; Q a The required air volume for delivery, m 3 / min, is the air density, unit is kg / m 3 ;

[0116] Air volume:

[0117] Conveying air volume Q a (m 3 / min) is calculated as follows:

[0118]

[0119] Where U a is the average conveying air velocity, in m / s; D is the inner diameter of the conveying pipe, in m.

[0120] pressure:

[0121] According to the size of the material-gas mass flow ratio m, m>10 is called dense phase transportation. In dense phase pipeline transportation, the following formula is usually used to calculate the pressure:

[0122]

[0123] Where, p1 is the initial pressure of the conveying system, in kPa; p2 is the final pressure of the conveying system, in kPa; β is a constant, whose value is 0.6; m is the mass flow ratio of material to gas; L is the length of the horizontal pipe of the system; g is the acceleration of gravity; R is the gas constant, and its value is 287J / (kg·K) when the conveying medium is air; T is the thermodynamic temperature, in K; v s is the particle speed, unit is m / s; U a is the air velocity in m / s.

[0124] The solid-gas ratio m of this embodiment is determined. Determining a suitable solid-gas ratio can optimize the conveying capacity, reduce air consumption, and reduce energy waste; by controlling the solid-gas ratio, the problems of blockage of the conveying pipeline and increased pressure loss are avoided, and the stability and reliability of the conveying system are improved. Selecting a suitable solid-gas ratio is conducive to improving the conveying capacity, reducing energy consumption, and reducing operating costs; selecting the solid-gas ratio through experience and repeated calculations ensures the normal operation of the conveying system and improves production efficiency and quality.

[0125] Determination of conveying air volume Appropriate conveying air volume can ensure smooth material transportation and ensure uniform flow of gas and materials; by controlling the conveying air volume, the operating speed and efficiency of the conveying system can be adjusted to improve the stability and continuity of production. Determining the appropriate conveying air volume helps to improve the efficiency and capacity of the conveying system, reduce energy consumption and reduce operating costs; by calculating the conveying air volume, the design of the conveying pipeline can be optimized to ensure smooth and efficient material transportation.

[0126] Determination of pressure Based on the size of the material-gas mass flow ratio m, the pressure loss of the conveying system can be evaluated to ensure the normal operation of the system; by calculating the pressure, the design of the conveying pipeline can be optimized, energy consumption can be reduced, and the stability and reliability of the system can be improved. Determining the appropriate pressure helps to improve the efficiency and capacity of the conveying system and reduce operating costs; by determining the pressure, the performance of the conveying system can be evaluated, the design and operation of the system can be optimized, and production efficiency and quality can be improved.

[0127] In summary, the method for determining parameters such as solid-gas ratio, conveying air volume and pressure in this embodiment plays an important role in the pneumatic conveying system, which can optimize the operating efficiency of the system, reduce energy consumption, improve production stability and economic benefits, and achieve the goal of energy conservation and carbon reduction.

[0128] In this embodiment, the operation mode of each device includes: in the fluidized bed roasting furnace 1, by controlling the amount of air entering the furnace and the amount of coal added to the ore, a reducing or oxidizing atmosphere is formed to remove impurities such as sulfur and arsenic and achieve the purpose of drying. An annual output of 80,000 tons of roasted sand has been achieved;

[0129] The roasted sand generated after roasting the tin-containing concentrate is transported to the roasted sand ball mill 2, and the roasted sand is ground to more than 200 meshes in the roasted sand ball mill 2. The ground roasted sand is supplied with air through the roasted sand primary air supply system 3, and is pneumatically transported by pipelines, horizontally transported 300m to the roasted sand transfer warehouse 4, and then supplied with air through the roasted sand secondary air supply system, and pneumatically transported by pipelines, and vertically transported 56m to the roasted sand storage warehouse 6;

[0130] The roasted sand in the roasted sand storage bin 6 is supplied with air through the roasted sand tertiary air supply system 7, and is pneumatically transported to the outermost sleeve air duct 22 of the spray gun by pipeline. The sleeve air duct 22 is shorter than the other spray gun pipes, is not immersed in the melt, and has a first-level swirl blade, which helps the roasted sand to fully contact the melt, and at the same time avoids the problem of fine particles falling from a high place. The process of adding water for granulation is cancelled, which reduces the power consumption, coal consumption and water consumption in the smelting process, and achieves the purpose of energy saving, carbon reduction and improving the production environment;

[0131] The smoke dust obtained by the smoke furnace 18 has an annual output of 20,000 tons, which falls to the scraper conveyor through the spiral ash discharge valve and is transported to the dry powder transfer bin 8 by the scraper conveyor;

[0132] The smoke and tin-containing smoke collected by the first waste heat boiler 16, the second waste heat boiler 19, the surface cooler 20, the electric dust collector 21, and the bag dust collector 17 in the subsequent process of top-blowing smelting are pneumatically conveyed through pipelines, horizontally conveyed 350m to the dry powder transfer bin 8, fully mixed in the dry powder transfer bin 8 to form dry powder, and supplied with air through the dry powder primary air supply system 9, and pneumatically conveyed by pipelines, and vertically conveyed 60m to the dry powder storage bin 10;

[0133] The dry powder in the dry powder storage bin 10 is supplied with air through the dry powder secondary air supply system 11 and pneumatically transported to the material pipe 26 by the pipeline. The material pipe 26 is immersed in the melt and has a primary swirl blade, which helps the dry powder to fully contact the melt. Because the dry powder has a smaller particle size than the roasted sand, it needs to be directly sprayed into the melt, avoiding the problem of fine particles falling and being easily disturbed by airflow. The application of this method avoids the process of adding water to granulate, reduces the power consumption, coal consumption and water consumption in the smelting process, and achieves the purpose of energy saving and carbon reduction and improving the production environment.

[0134] The pulverized coal prepared from the pulverized coal storage bin is pneumatically transported to the pulverized coal pipe 27 by pipeline, and is directly sprayed into the melt of the top-blown furnace 15, where it reacts with the oxygen-enriched air to burn and provide heat. At the same time, the excess pulverized coal provides a reducing environment for the smelting process, promoting the reduction reaction of the tin-containing material to release crude tin; the oxygen-enriched air is transported to the oxygen pipe 25 of the spray gun through the oxygen-enriched air transport system.

[0135] The top-blowing lance 14 is inserted into the molten pool of the top-blowing furnace 15. The gas-solid mixture composed of pulverized coal, dry powder and air sprayed through the end of the top-blowing lance 14 causes a violently stirred molten pool. The oxygen in the air reacts with the pulverized coal to provide heat and maintain the temperature at around 1150°C. As the smelting reaction proceeds, the metallic tin generated by the reduction reaction accumulates at the bottom of the furnace to form a metal layer. When the metal layer reaches a certain thickness, the position of the top-blowing lance 14 needs to be appropriately raised and the metallic tin needs to be released through the opening. When the slag reaches a certain thickness, stop spraying roasted sand and dry powder, release all the metallic tin at the bottom, and enter the slag reduction stage. First, a weak reduction stage is carried out, the furnace temperature is raised to around 1200°C, the lance is raised to the upper end of the melt (close to the surface of the static liquid slag), and pulverized coal is quickly added to promote the reduction and precipitation of metallic tin. The operation time is 30 minutes. Then a strong reduction stage is carried out, the furnace temperature is raised to around 1300°C, and pulverized coal is continued to be added to produce Fe-Sn alloy. The operation time is 3 hours. Part of the slag and the Fe-Sn alloy at the bottom of the furnace are left as the initial molten pool for the next operation cycle.

[0136] The flue gas produced by the top-blown furnace 15 after smelting and the fuming furnace enters the first waste heat boiler 16 and the second waste heat boiler 19. The tin-containing smoke in the flue gas is condensed and settled and collected by radiation heat dissipation in the radiation part of the waste heat boiler. The collected tin-containing smoke is transported to the dry powder transfer bin 8 through a scraper conveyor at regular intervals.

[0137] The smoke dust treated by the waste heat boiler is then cooled by the surface cooler 20. The lower part of the surface cooler 20 is an ash hopper for collecting the cooled and settled smoke dust, and the adhering smoke dust is collected by regularly or continuously vibrating the cooling pipe through a vibrating device. The tin-containing smoke dust collected in the ash hopper is transported to the dry powder transfer bin 8 through a scraper conveyor at regular intervals.

[0138] The bag dust collector 17 uses the pore structure and charge adsorption of the bag to trap the smoke on the surface of the bag, and the purified gas is discharged through the bag. The cleaning device is used for regular cleaning at regular intervals. The lower end of the bag dust collector 17 is provided with an ash hopper for collection, and the collected tin-containing smoke is transported to the dry powder transfer bin 8 through a scraper conveyor.

[0139] In the non-uniform electric field formed by the high-voltage DC power supply, the dust-containing gas in the electric precipitator 21 is forced to collide with the gas to form a large number of positive and negative ions by the electric field intensity near the cathode when the voltage is increased to a certain value. Since the distance of the cations near the corona electrode to the corona electrode is extremely short and the speed is low, there is little chance of encountering dust, so most of the dust collides with the negative ions with a long distance and is negatively charged, and flies to the dust collecting electrode, and only a very small amount of dust is accumulated in the corona electrode, and the dust collecting electrode and the corona electrode are regularly vibrated, and the dust adsorbed by the two poles falls into the dust collecting hopper, is unloaded to the scraper conveyor by the dust unloading device, and is transported to the dry powder transfer warehouse 8.

[0140] The present invention eliminates the method of using a belt conveyor to transport roasted sand, and transports the roasted sand to the top-blown furnace 15 through pneumatic transportation in a fully closed pipeline, thereby avoiding the problems of mechanical inclusion and flying loss in the transportation process, improving the metal direct recovery rate, and avoiding the material loss caused by transportation to reach 150t / a; prolonging the service life of related equipment, improving the transportation environment, and realizing clean production and environmental friendliness;

[0141] The implementation of the segmented dense phase pneumatic conveying method greatly reduces the wear of the particles on the pipeline, reduces the maintenance cost and the number of maintenance, and greatly improves the smelting efficiency; the kneading operation of roasted sand, slag separation, and roasting smoke is eliminated, and the material is directly sprayed into the top-blown furnace 15 through the wind layer of the spray gun sleeve after being ground, so that the moisture content of the material is significantly reduced, the water consumption is reduced (the water saving can reach 9000t / a), the power consumption of the granulator, and the coal consumption of smelting and the cost of flue gas treatment are reduced. At the same time, the cost of treating polluted acid and sewage is also effectively reduced;

[0142] A layer of sleeve air duct swirl sheet 23 is added to the lower end of the sleeve air duct 22 of the top-blowing lance 14, and the roasted sand is passed into the molten pool through the sleeve air duct 22, which helps the roasted sand to fully contact with the melt, improves the smelting efficiency, and avoids the problem of fine particles flying when falling from a high place;

[0143] After tin smelting, the first waste heat boiler 16, the second waste heat boiler 19, the surface cooler 20 and the bag dust collector 17 recover the tin-containing smoke after flue gas treatment. By reducing and smelting the smoke again, the direct recovery rate of metal is effectively improved, and the tin recovery amount is increased by 31,968t / a, achieving the purpose of energy saving and efficiency improvement.

[0144] Application Example 1:

[0145] In the application embodiment, the output of the boiling roasting furnace is 80,000 t / a, the average annual operating time is 330 days, and the daily roasted sand output reaches 242.42 t / d; the output of the fuming furnace is 20,000 t / a, the average annual operating time is 330 days, and the daily fuming dust output reaches 60.61 t / d; the annual dust collection capacity of the subsequent dust collection process of the top-blown furnace (including waste heat boiler dust collection, surface cooler dust collection, and bag dust collector dust collection) is 50,000 t / a, the average annual operating time is 330 days, and the daily tin-containing dust collection capacity reaches 151.52 t / d; the tin-containing material is reduced and smelted by the top-blown furnace, and after on-site data collection, the tin direct recovery rate of roasted sand can reach 40%, the tin direct recovery rate of fuming dust can reach 55%, and the tin direct recovery rate of smoke collected by the subsequent dust collection process of the top-blown furnace can reach 50%. It is calculated that the tin recovery of roasted sand can reach 31968t / a, the tin recovery of smoke dust can reach 31968t / a, and the tin recovery of smoke dust collected by the subsequent dust collection process of the top-blown furnace can reach 31968t / a; through actual production data measurement, the moisture content of roasted sand is 6%, and the annual water demand reaches 4800t / a; the moisture content of smoke dust is 12%, and the annual water demand reaches 1200t / a; the moisture content of smoke dust collected by the subsequent dust collection process of the top-blown furnace is 12%, and the annual water demand reaches 3000t / a. Through the application of the new process, unnecessary tin-containing materials are mixed with water, which can achieve water saving of 9000t / a; in the process of reducing tin-containing materials to produce tin, there will be about 0.1% material loss due to flying smoke, and the annual material loss is estimated to be 150t / a.

[0146] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0147] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A tin smelting system for energy saving and carbon reduction, characterized in that: include: Fluidized bed roaster, roasted sand ball mill, pulverized coal storage bin, roasted sand transfer bin, roasted sand storage bin, dry powder transfer bin, dry powder storage bin, top-blowing spray gun, top-blowing furnace; Wherein, the bottom of the fluidized bed roasting furnace is connected to the roasting ball mill, the bottom of the roasting ball mill is provided with a roasting primary air supply system, and is connected to the roasting transfer bin through the roasting primary air supply system, the bottom of the roasting transfer bin is provided with a roasting secondary air supply system, and is connected to the roasting storage bin through the roasting secondary air supply system, the bottom of the roasting storage bin is provided with a roasting tertiary air supply system, and is connected to the top-blowing spray gun through the roasting tertiary air supply system; A dry powder primary air supply system is provided at the bottom of the dry powder transfer bin, and is connected to the dry powder storage bin through the dry powder primary air supply system; a dry powder secondary air supply system is provided at the bottom of the dry powder storage bin, and is connected to the top-blowing spray gun through the dry powder secondary air supply system; The top-blowing lance extends vertically downward into the interior of the top-blowing furnace.

2. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Also includes: Fuming furnace, second waste heat boiler, surface cooler and electric precipitator; The fuming furnace is connected to the second waste heat boiler, the surface cooler and the electric precipitator in sequence; The fuming furnace is also connected to the top-blown furnace; A second collecting device is separately connected to one side of the second waste heat boiler, an ash hopper is provided at the bottom of the surface cooler and the bottom of the electrostatic precipitator, a scraper conveyor is provided below the first collecting device and the ash hopper, and the scraper conveyor is connected to the inlet end of the dry powder transfer bin.

3. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Also includes: oxygen-enriched air delivery system and pulverized coal storage silos; The oxygen-enriched air delivery system and the pulverized coal storage bin are respectively connected to the top-blowing lance.

4. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Also includes: No. 1 waste heat boiler and bag filter; The top flue gas outlet of the top-blown furnace is connected to the first waste heat boiler, and the first waste heat boiler is connected to the bag filter; A first collecting device is separately connected to one side of the first waste heat boiler, an ash hopper is arranged at the bottom of the bag dust collector, and the first collecting device and the ash hopper are located above the scraper conveyor.

5. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The top-blowing lance comprises: a sleeve air duct, an oxygen pipe, a material pipe and a pulverized coal pipe, wherein the sleeve air duct is connected to the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the oxygen pipe is connected to the oxygen-enriched air delivery system, the material pipe is connected to the dry powder secondary air supply system, and the pulverized coal pipe is connected to the pulverized coal storage bin; Among them, the oxygen tube, material tube and pulverized coal tube are arranged in sequence from the outside to the inside; the sleeve air duct is covered on the top of the oxygen tube, the outlet end of the sleeve air duct is provided with a sleeve air duct swirl plate, the bottom of the sleeve air duct swirl plate is provided with a sleeve air outlet, and the oxygen tube is provided with a third oxygen tube swirl plate, a second oxygen tube swirl plate and a first oxygen tube swirl plate in sequence from the outlet end to the inlet end; the outlet end of the material pipe is provided with a material tube swirl plate.

6. A tin smelting method for energy saving and carbon reduction, characterized in that: The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting system according to claim 5 specifically comprises the following steps: Step S1: Start the fluidized bed roasting furnace, and after ball milling in the roasting ball mill, transport the roasted sand to the roasted sand storage bin through the roasting sand primary air supply system, the roasting sand transfer bin, and the roasting sand secondary air supply system; transport the smoke to the dry powder storage bin through the dry powder transfer bin and the dry powder primary air supply system, and transport the pulverized coal to the pulverized coal storage bin, check the equipment operation status, and confirm that all components are normal; start the smelting process; Step S2: starting the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the dry powder secondary air supply system, the oxygen-enriched air delivery system and the pulverized coal storage bin, and delivering the roasted sand, dry powder, oxygen and pulverized coal to the top-blowing lance; controlling the supply ratio and speed of the roasted sand, dry powder, pulverized coal and oxygen through the top-blowing lance, adjusting the reaction conditions in the top-blowing furnace, ensuring that the smelting reaction is carried out efficiently, and producing the desired crude tin product; Step S3: the slag after smelting in the top-blown furnace is treated by a fuming furnace, a second waste heat boiler, a surface cooler and an electrostatic precipitator, and the tin metal in the slag is recovered and put into the top-blown furnace for smelting again; the flue gas after smelting in the top-blown furnace is treated by a first waste heat boiler and a bag dust collector, and the tin metal in the flue gas is recovered and put into the top-blown furnace for smelting again; the waste heat in the grate exhaust gas is utilized by the first waste heat boiler and the second waste heat boiler to generate steam or hot water for process needs; Step S4: When the production process is completed or needs to be shut down for maintenance, the equipment is gradually shut down and the equipment and pipelines are cleaned.

7. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The operation process of the top blowing spray gun includes: Step S21: Confirm that the pipe connections of the sleeve air duct, oxygen pipe, material pipe and pulverized coal pipe are intact, ensure that the positions of the sleeve air duct swirl blade, sleeve air outlet, first oxygen pipe swirl blade, second oxygen pipe swirl blade, third oxygen pipe swirl blade and material pipe swirl blade are correct, and check whether the spray gun outlet is clean and unblocked; Step S22: start the top-blowing lance, open the valves of the oxygen pipe, the material pipe, and the pulverized coal pipe, and spray dry powder material and pulverized coal into the furnace through the material pipe and the pulverized coal pipe; at the same time, start the sleeve air duct, and supply roasted sand to the smelting area through the sleeve air outlet; adjust the gas supply of the oxygen pipe and the material pipe, and control the spraying speed of the pulverized coal pipe; Step S23: monitor the operating status of the top-blowing lance, including oxygen supply, material injection and swirl effect, and adjust various parameters as needed; when the production process is completed or needs to be shut down, gradually close the pipeline valves to stop injection and oxygen supply.

8. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for determining the solid-gas ratio m of the roasted sand primary air supply system, the roasted sand secondary air supply system, the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the dry powder primary air supply system and the dry powder secondary air supply system includes: The solid-gas ratio m is the ratio of the mass of the transported particulate material per unit time to the mass of air required in the same time; In the formula, G s is the particle delivery rate, unit is kg / min; G a The amount of air required for delivery, kg / min; Q a The required air volume for delivery, m 3 / min, is the air density, unit is kg / m 3 .

9. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for determining the conveying air volume of the roasted sand primary air supply system, the roasted sand secondary air supply system, the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the dry powder primary air supply system and the dry powder secondary air supply system includes: Conveying air volume Q a The calculation formula is as follows, unit is m 3 / min: Where U a is the average conveying air velocity, in m / s; D is the inner diameter of the conveying pipe, in m.

10. The energy-saving and carbon-reducing tin smelting method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method for determining the pressure of the roasted sand primary air supply system, the roasted sand secondary air supply system, the roasted sand tertiary air supply system, the dry powder primary air supply system and the dry powder secondary air supply system includes: According to the size of the material-gas mass flow ratio m, m>10 is called dense phase transportation. In dense phase pipeline transportation: Where, p1 is the initial pressure of the conveying system, in kPa; p2 is the final pressure of the conveying system, in kPa; β is a constant, whose value is 0.6; m is the material-gas mass flow ratio; L is the horizontal pipe length of the system; g is the gravitational acceleration; R is the gas constant, and its value is 287 J / (kg·K) when the conveying medium is air; T is the thermodynamic temperature, in K; v s is the particle speed, unit is m / s; U a is the air velocity in m / s.

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