Enterprise carbon accounting method, system and device based on block chain and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses an enterprise carbon accounting method based on a block chain, and the method comprises the steps: collecting carbon emission related data in real time based on the Internet of Things, and uploading the carbon emission related data to the block chain; based on an on-chain smart contract, performing multi-dimensional cross comparison and analysis on the carbon emission related data to identify and correct data abnormality or error existing in the carbon emission related data; according to the dynamic factors, a dynamic carbon accounting model is adjusted in real time so as to calculate carbon emission related data; and according to a calculation result, a block chain excitation compatibility mechanism is constructed, and the excitation compatibility mechanism encourages an enterprise to upload real carbon emission data. According to the embodiment of the invention, through fusion of the Internet of Things and the block chain, multi-dimensional cross-comparison analysis of enterprise carbon emission related data and dynamic updating of the carbon accounting model are realized, an incentive compatibility mechanism is constructed to encourage the enterprise to participate, transmission data distortion is effectively avoided, timeliness, accuracy and integrity of data uploading are ensured, and the data uploading efficiency is improved. And the enthusiasm of the enterprise to participate in carbon accounting is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon neutrality technology, and in particular to a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method, system, equipment and medium. Background Art

[0002] Accurate and effective carbon emissions data is the benchmark for ensuring the standardized and effective operation of the carbon market.

[0003] However, driven by profit, some companies reduce the carbon quota gap by modifying carbon accounting data, saving huge expenses for the companies; the driving force of third-party verification agencies is to save economic costs, and of course they may collude with the audited companies - not only saving huge carbon emission default expenses for the companies, but also increasing business channels for third-party technical service agencies. As an emerging market, my country's carbon market has an imperfect system. Key emission control units hide, conceal, and tamper with carbon emission-related corporate data, and carbon emission quotas are not fully fulfilled on time. Establishing and improving the carbon market data quality management mechanism and building a real and effective carbon accounting method will be the next focus of the country's work.

[0004] There are two main reasons for the lack of trust in the quality of corporate carbon emission data: one is data falsification by third-party testing and verification agencies, and the other is loopholes in the management of internal corporate data and carbon emission-related data, such as data distortion caused by manual meter reading; blockchain, as a regularized digital technology, has the characteristics of multi-party consensus, tamper-proofing, and traceability, which is highly consistent with the dual carbon strategic goals. It can achieve reliable recording of carbon emission footprints throughout their life cycle, reliable traceability and circulation of all elements of carbon data, and effective improvement of the efficiency of coordinated operation of electricity and carbon. It is suitable for carbon trading and carbon neutrality management business scenarios. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method to solve the technical problem of data distortion in the enterprise carbon accounting process in the prior art.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method, the method comprising:

[0007] Based on the Internet of Things, carbon emission related data is collected in real time and uploaded to the blockchain;

[0008] Based on the on-chain smart contract, the carbon emission-related data is cross-compared and analyzed in multiple dimensions to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data;

[0009] According to dynamic factors, the dynamic carbon accounting model is adjusted in real time to calculate the carbon emission related data;

[0010] According to the calculation results, a blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism is constructed, wherein the incentive compatibility mechanism encourages enterprises to upload real carbon emission data.

[0011] Furthermore, the real-time collection of carbon emission related data based on the Internet of Things and uploading of the carbon emission related data to the blockchain includes:

[0012] The IoT device layer collects the carbon emission related data in real time through various sensors, and transmits the carbon emission related data to the data processing layer;

[0013] The data processing layer preprocesses the carbon emission related data to obtain preprocessed data, wherein the preprocessing includes denoising, outlier detection and data smoothing;

[0014] Verifying the preprocessed data using predefined verification rules;

[0015] If the verification is successful, the preprocessed data is written into the blockchain.

[0016] Furthermore, based on the on-chain smart contract, the carbon emission related data is cross-compared and analyzed in multiple dimensions to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission related data, including:

[0017] When the carbon emission related data is uploaded to the blockchain, the smart contract is automatically triggered;

[0018] Perform multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis on the carbon emission related data by running the smart contract, wherein the multi-dimensional cross-comparison includes time dimension comparison, space dimension comparison, type dimension comparison and standard dimension comparison;

[0019] Based on the results of the multi-dimensional cross-comparison, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed, and the comprehensive evaluation index measures the overall quality and compliance of the carbon emission-related data to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data.

[0020] Furthermore, the multidimensional cross comparison includes:

[0021] The smart contract extracts a historical data set H, a current carbon emission related data set D, and an industry standard data set S from the blockchain;

[0022] The time dimension comparisons are:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, d i and h irepresents the current carbon emission related data set and the carbon emission in the same time period in the carbon emission related data set, respectively, and T(D,H) represents d i and h i The relative rate of change of

[0025] The spatial dimension comparisons are:

[0026]

[0027] Among them, S(D) represents the carbon emission difference coefficient between different departments or equipment within the enterprise;

[0028] The type dimensions compared are:

[0029]

[0030] Among them, c i represents the emission of the jth carbon emission type, p i represents the proportion of the jth carbon emission type, and C(D) represents the weighted average carbon emission type index;

[0031] The standard dimensions for comparison are:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, R(D,S) represents the ratio of the average carbon emissions of an enterprise to the average industry standard;

[0034] According to the results of the multidimensional cross comparison, the comprehensive evaluation index is constructed as follows:

[0035] I=w T ×T(D,H)+w S ×S(D)+w C ×C(D)+w R ×R(D,S)

[0036] Among them, w T Represents the weight coefficient of the time dimension, w S Represents the weight coefficient of the spatial dimension, w C Represents the weight coefficient of the type dimension, w R Represents the weight coefficient of the standard dimension.

[0037] Furthermore, the real-time adjustment of the dynamic carbon accounting model according to the dynamic factors to calculate the carbon emission related data includes:

[0038] Quantifying the dynamic factors into dynamic parameters, wherein the dynamic factors include one or more of changes in enterprise operation data, changes in industry standards, changes in carbon emission factors, and changes in policy environment;

[0039] Based on the carbon emission related data and static parameters, a basic carbon accounting model is constructed to calculate the carbon emissions of the enterprise at a point in time;

[0040] Introducing a dynamic adjustment mechanism into the basic carbon accounting model to obtain the dynamic carbon accounting model;

[0041] According to the real-time collection of the carbon emission related data and the changes of the dynamic parameters, the calculation results of the dynamic carbon accounting model are adjusted in real time;

[0042] Validating the dynamic carbon accounting model using historical data;

[0043] According to the verification results, the dynamic carbon accounting model is adjusted and optimized in real time.

[0044] Furthermore, the calculation model of the dynamic carbon accounting model is:

[0045] Let B(t) be the carbon emissions of the enterprise at time point t, X i (t) is the dynamic parameter of the ith dynamic factor affecting the carbon emissions at time point t, β i is the influence coefficient of the ith dynamic factor on the carbon emissions, then:

[0046]

[0047] Wherein, n is the number of the dynamic factors, and ō(t) is the error term of the dynamic carbon accounting model at time t.

[0048] Furthermore, the incentive compatibility mechanism includes:

[0049] Preset the initial carbon credits of the enterprise;

[0050] Using the smart contract to verify the carbon emission related data;

[0051] If the data verification is passed, the smart contract will automatically perform the carbon emissions accounting and increase the corresponding carbon credits of the enterprise. If the data verification is not passed, the smart contract will deduct the corresponding carbon credits of the enterprise; and / or, according to the adjustment suggestions submitted by the enterprise to the dynamic carbon accounting model, additional carbon credits can be obtained;

[0052] The carbon credits are exchanged for actual rewards, which include priority participation in carbon emission rights trading, enjoyment of green financial preferential policies, and improvement of corporate environmental credit rating.

[0053] According to another aspect of the present invention, a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system is provided, the system comprising:

[0054] A data collection unit, used to collect carbon emission related data in real time and upload the carbon emission related data to the blockchain;

[0055] A data processing unit, for performing multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis of the carbon emission-related data based on the on-chain smart contract, so as to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data;

[0056] A data accounting unit, used to adjust the dynamic carbon accounting model in real time according to dynamic factors to calculate the carbon emission related data;

[0057] The data allocation unit is used to construct a blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism based on the calculation results, wherein the incentive compatibility mechanism encourages enterprises to upload real carbon emission data.

[0058] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic device, comprising: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor;

[0059] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

[0060] According to another aspect of the present invention, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions is provided, wherein the computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

[0061] Compared with the prior art, the enterprise carbon accounting method based on blockchain in the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0062] The embodiment of the present invention uses the immutability and distributed characteristics of blockchain to store the carbon emission related data collected by the Internet of Things to the enterprise on the blockchain, conducts multi-dimensional cross-comparison of the carbon emission related data and dynamically updates the carbon accounting model on the blockchain, and finally constructs an incentive compatible mechanism to encourage enterprises to actively participate in carbon accounting, thereby realizing the identification and correction of abnormal or erroneous data in the carbon emission data accounting process, the update and adjustment of the carbon accounting model, and the operation of incentivizing enterprises to participate in carbon accounting, so that enterprises and regulatory departments can accurately understand the carbon emissions of enterprises, timely discover and correct abnormal or erroneous data, and enterprises are willing to actively participate in carbon emission accounting and provide real data, thereby avoiding the problem of unreliable carbon emission data quality of enterprises due to chaotic internal data management, distorted data quality and data loss of carbon emissions of controlled enterprises, preventing data from being tampered with or deleted, ensuring the security and credibility of data, and to a certain extent ensuring the authenticity of enterprise carbon emission data, improving the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of enterprise data upload, and providing a solid data foundation for government carbon quota allocation and carbon market fairness.

[0063] It should be understood that the contents described in this section are not intended to identify the key or important features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Other features of the present invention will become easily understood through the following description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] The accompanying drawings are used to better understand the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.

[0065] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step S10 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0067] Figure 3 is a flowchart of step S20 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0068] Figure 4 is a flowchart of step S30 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0069] Figure 5 is a flowchart of step S40 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0070] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of data collection and chaining in a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0071] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system for implementing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of an electronic device and a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0073] In the figure, 100 is a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system; 101 is a data acquisition unit; 102 is a data processing unit; 103 is a data accounting unit; 104 is a data distribution unit; 200 is an electronic device; 201 is a computing unit; 202 is a ROM; 203 is a RAM; 204 is a bus; 205 is an I / O interface; 206 is an input unit; 207 is an output unit; 208 is a storage unit; 209 is a communication unit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0074] The following is a description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, including various details of the embodiments of the present invention to facilitate understanding, which should be considered as merely exemplary. Therefore, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes and modifications may be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope of the present invention. Similarly, for clarity and conciseness, descriptions of well-known functions and structures are omitted in the following description.

[0075] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, the specific embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, rather than to limit the present application. It should also be noted that, for the convenience of description, only the part related to the present application but not all the contents are shown in the accompanying drawings. Before discussing the exemplary embodiments in more detail, it should be mentioned that some exemplary embodiments are described as processes or methods depicted as flow charts. Although the flow chart describes each operation (or step) as a sequential process, many of the operations therein can be implemented in parallel, concurrently or simultaneously. In addition, the order of each operation can be rearranged. The process can be terminated when its operation is completed, but it can also have additional steps not included in the accompanying drawings. The process can correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc.

[0076] Terminology explanation section:

[0077] Carbon accounting: Measures to measure direct and indirect emissions of carbon dioxide and its equivalent gases from industrial activities to the Earth's biosphere. It refers to a series of activities in which companies that emit carbon collect, count and record data on carbon emission-related parameters in accordance with monitoring plans, and calculate and accumulate all emission-related data. These activities can help companies understand their carbon emissions, identify potential links and methods for emission reduction, and develop effective carbon emission reduction strategies.

[0078] Smart contract: A contract that uses computer language instead of legal language to record terms and can be automatically executed by a computing system.

[0079] Carbon trading: A market mechanism used to promote global greenhouse gas emissions and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

[0080] Carbon quota: refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere within a certain period of time, which is approved by the government department and obtained by the enterprise.

[0081] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0082] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method, the method comprising: S10, based on the Internet of Things, real-time collection of carbon emission related data, and uploading the carbon emission related data to the blockchain; S20, based on the on-chain smart contract, multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis of the carbon emission related data to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission related data; S30, according to dynamic factors, real-time adjustment of the dynamic carbon accounting model to calculate the carbon emission related data; S40, according to the calculation results, constructing a blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism, wherein the incentive compatibility mechanism encourages enterprises to upload real carbon emission data.

[0083] The embodiment of the present invention uses the immutability and distributed characteristics of blockchain to store the carbon emission related data collected by the Internet of Things to the enterprise on the blockchain, conducts multi-dimensional cross-comparison of the carbon emission related data and dynamically updates the carbon accounting model on the blockchain, and finally constructs an incentive compatible mechanism to encourage enterprises to actively participate in carbon accounting, thereby realizing the identification and correction of abnormal or erroneous data in the carbon emission data accounting process, the update and adjustment of the carbon accounting model, and the operation of incentivizing enterprises to participate in carbon accounting, so that enterprises and regulatory departments can accurately understand the carbon emissions of enterprises, timely discover and correct abnormal or erroneous data, and enterprises are willing to actively participate in carbon emission accounting and provide real data, thereby avoiding the problem of unreliable carbon emission data quality of enterprises due to chaotic internal data management, distorted data quality and data loss of carbon emissions of controlled enterprises, preventing data from being tampered with or deleted, ensuring the security and credibility of data, and to a certain extent ensuring the authenticity of enterprise carbon emission data, improving the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of enterprise data upload, and providing a solid data foundation for government carbon quota allocation and carbon market fairness.

[0084] It should be noted that the incentive compatibility mechanism refers to an institutional arrangement or mechanism design that enables each node or actor participating in the blockchain network to pursue personal interests while their behavior can also meet the goal of maximizing the collective value of the entire blockchain network, that is, through mechanism design, enterprises are encouraged to upload real carbon emission data to maximize the collective interests while ensuring the interests of the enterprises themselves, and completing the underlying high-efficiency operation architecture. The embodiment of the present invention sequentially models from four aspects: data source collection, data analysis and processing, model accuracy adjustment, and underlying high-efficiency operation architecture, to ensure that carbon emission-related data are authentic and reliable, and to provide a safe and reliable data foundation for the government to allocate carbon quotas and maintain fair and notarized carbon markets.

[0085] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of step S10 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0086] like Figure 2 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, based on the Internet of Things, carbon emission related data is collected in real time, and the carbon emission related data is uploaded to the blockchain, specifically:

[0087] S11, the IoT device layer collects carbon emission related data in real time through various sensors, and transmits the carbon emission related data to the data processing layer; S12, the data processing layer preprocesses the carbon emission related data to obtain preprocessed data, where the preprocessing includes denoising, outlier detection and data smoothing; S13, the preprocessed data is verified using predefined verification rules; S14, if the verification is successful, the preprocessed data is written into the blockchain.

[0088] Specifically, by deploying IoT devices in various production links of manufacturing enterprises, using various production sensors to collect carbon emission related data in real time, and utilizing the immutability and distributed characteristics of blockchain, the carbon emission related data can be uploaded to the blockchain, so that the data storage is complete and authentic, effectively avoiding direct human participation in the output processing process, and preventing abnormal or erroneous data related to carbon emissions. It solves the problem that noise or errors may be introduced into the data during the enterprise data transmission process, which can easily lead to distortion of carbon accounting data. It can also ensure that the data source is reliable and traceable, providing a safe and reliable data foundation for subsequent carbon emission accounting.

[0089] It should be noted that IoT devices need to be deployed in all production links of manufacturing enterprises. IoT devices can collect carbon emission-related data in real time without changing existing energy metering equipment. Among them, IoT devices have blockchain intelligent fusion terminals. In the IoT device layer, various sensors are deployed to collect carbon emission-related data in real time. These sensors can be energy consumption meters, production line efficiency monitors, etc., which help enterprises to effectively manage and control carbon emissions in real time. The data is collected in real time and transmitted in time to avoid direct manual participation, ensuring the integrity and security of data collection and transmission. The collected data is usually transmitted to the data processing layer through lightweight communication protocols such as MQTT and CoAP. It has the characteristics of low power consumption and high efficiency. It uses TCP / UDP connection and lightweight message header. It is suitable for transmitting data in resource-constrained environments and can effectively save network bandwidth and equipment energy consumption. Transmitting carbon emission-related data to the data processing layer through lightweight communication protocols such as MQTT and CoAP can improve the efficiency and real-time performance of data transmission, ensure the reliability and security of data, and provide reliable technical support for enterprises to achieve carbon emission management and control.

[0090] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of step S20 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0091] like Figure 3 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, based on the on-chain smart contract, the carbon emission related data is cross-compared and analyzed in multiple dimensions to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission related data, specifically:

[0092] S21, when carbon emission related data is uploaded to the blockchain, the smart contract is automatically triggered; S22, by running the smart contract, the carbon emission related data is cross-compared and analyzed in multiple dimensions. The multi-dimensional cross-comparison includes time dimension comparison, space dimension comparison, type dimension comparison and standard dimension comparison; S23, based on the results of multi-dimensional cross-comparison, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed. The comprehensive evaluation index measures the overall quality and compliance of carbon emission related data to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in carbon emission related data.

[0093] Specifically, by running on-chain smart contracts, multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis of corporate carbon emission-related data can be carried out to achieve comparative analysis of data time dimension, space dimension, type dimension and standard dimension, identify data anomalies or errors, and further ensure the accuracy and integrity of carbon emission-related data, so that enterprises can monitor carbon emission data in real time and correct anomalies, and promptly discover and solve problems. The automatic triggering and execution functions of smart contracts can reduce human intervention, improve processing efficiency, and reduce errors and delays, which helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of data. The comprehensive evaluation indicators obtained through multi-dimensional comparison can help enterprises and regulatory authorities to promptly discover data anomalies and violations, improve the compliance management level of carbon accounting, effectively improve the efficiency, accuracy and compliance of corporate carbon emission data management, promote enterprises to achieve sustainable development goals, and provide a reliable data foundation for subsequent carbon emission accounting.

[0094] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the multi-dimensional cross comparison is specifically as follows: the smart contract extracts a historical data set H, a current carbon emission related data set D, and an industry standard data set S from the blockchain;

[0095] The time dimension comparisons are:

[0096]

[0097] Among them, d i and h i They represent the carbon emissions in the current carbon emission related dataset and the carbon emissions in the same time period in the carbon emission related dataset respectively, and T(D,H) represents d i and h i The relative rate of change of

[0098] The spatial dimensions are compared as follows:

[0099]

[0100] Among them, S(D) represents the carbon emission difference coefficient between different departments or equipment within the enterprise;

[0101] The type dimension comparisons are:

[0102]

[0103] Among them, c i represents the emission of the jth carbon emission type, p i represents the proportion of the jth carbon emission type, and C(D) represents the weighted average carbon emission type index;

[0104] The standard dimensions for comparison are:

[0105]

[0106] Among them, R(D,S) represents the ratio of the average carbon emissions of an enterprise to the average industry standard;

[0107] According to the results of multi-dimensional cross comparison, the comprehensive evaluation index is constructed as follows:

[0108] I=w T ×T(D,H)+w S ×S(D)+w C ×C(D)+w R ×R(D,S)

[0109] Among them, w T Represents the weight coefficient of the time dimension, w S Represents the weight coefficient of the spatial dimension, w C Represents the weight coefficient of the type dimension, w R Represents the weight coefficient of the standard dimension.

[0110] Specifically, by comparing the time dimension, the relative change rate T(D,H) between the current carbon emissions and the historical carbon emissions is calculated to reflect the change in the enterprise's carbon emission trend, which is used to analyze whether there is fluctuation in the current carbon emission collection data of the enterprise; by comparing the space dimension, the carbon emission difference coefficient S(D) between different departments or equipment in the enterprise is calculated to reflect the carbon emissions of different spatial units within the enterprise, so as to analyze whether there is fluctuation in the carbon emission collection data of the enterprise in space; by comparing the type dimension, the weighted average emission C(D) of different carbon emission types is calculated, considering the contribution of different carbon emission types, such as CO2, CH4, etc., to analyze whether the emission ratio of each carbon emission type is reasonable; by comparing the standard dimension, the ratio R(D,S) of the average carbon emissions of the enterprise to the average industry standard is calculated to evaluate whether the carbon emission level of the enterprise meets the industry standard, which is used to analyze whether the emission ratio of carbon emission data compared with the industry standard is reasonable. According to the results of the comparison of the time dimension, space dimension, type dimension and standard dimension, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed by the weighted average method to measure the overall quality and compliance of the enterprise's carbon emission data, so as to provide decision support for enterprises and management agencies.

[0111] It should be noted that the weight coefficients of the four dimensions need to be set according to the specific situation and the trade-offs of stakeholders. In general, the weight coefficients of each dimension can be determined by comprehensively considering industry characteristics, corporate strategies, regulatory requirements and environmental impacts, combined with industry standards and regulatory requirements. After the weight coefficients are determined, they can be applied to multidimensional cross-comparison and analysis algorithms to comprehensively evaluate the quality and compliance of carbon emission data.

[0112] Figure 4This is a flowchart of step S30 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0113] like Figure 4 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic carbon accounting model is adjusted in real time according to dynamic factors to calculate the carbon emission related data, specifically:

[0114] S31, quantify dynamic factors into dynamic parameters, where dynamic factors include one or more of changes in enterprise operating data, changes in industry standards, changes in carbon emission factors and changes in policy environment; S32, construct a basic carbon accounting model based on carbon emission related data and static parameters to calculate the carbon emissions of the enterprise at a point in time; S33, introduce a dynamic adjustment mechanism into the basic carbon accounting model to obtain a dynamic carbon accounting model; S34, adjust the calculation results of the dynamic carbon accounting model in real time according to the real-time collection of carbon emission related data and changes in the dynamic parameters; S35, use historical data to verify the dynamic carbon accounting model; S36, adjust and optimize the dynamic carbon accounting model in real time according to the verification results.

[0115] Specifically, by quantifying the dynamic factors of enterprises into adjustable dynamic parameters, the carbon accounting model is dynamically updated, and dynamically adjusted and optimized according to the real-time data of the enterprise to ensure the effectiveness and accuracy of the model, so that the calculation results of the carbon accounting model are accurate and effective, avoiding the traditional static carbon accounting model from being unable to adjust according to changes in the actual operating conditions of the enterprise, and reducing the problem of inaccurate and unreliable carbon accounting results. Through real-time monitoring and adjustment, the dynamic carbon accounting model can respond to external risk factors such as changes in carbon emission factors and policy environment in a timely manner, reduce the carbon emission management risks faced by enterprises, and ensure the real-time and accuracy of carbon emission calculation results. The dynamic carbon accounting model can timely reflect changes in industry standards and policy environment, help enterprises adjust carbon emission management measures in a timely manner, and ensure compliance with relevant laws and regulations and standards. Incorporating dynamic factors into the carbon accounting model and adjusting and optimizing the model in real time can help enterprises better manage carbon emissions, improve management efficiency and responsiveness, and promote the realization of sustainable development goals.

[0116] It should be noted that the principle of dynamically adjusting the accounting model is to adaptively adjust the parameters or structure of the carbon accounting model based on real-time or regularly updated data to reflect the latest status of the system or environment. In the process of carbon emission accounting, this means that as the company's operating data, industry standards, carbon emission factors or policy environment change, the carbon accounting model needs to be adjusted accordingly to ensure accuracy and relevance.

[0117] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the calculation model of the dynamic carbon accounting model is:

[0118] Let B(t) be the carbon emissions of the enterprise at time point t, X i (t) is the dynamic parameter of the ith dynamic factor affecting carbon emissions at time point t, β i is the influence coefficient of the ith dynamic factor on carbon emissions, then:

[0119]

[0120] Where n is the number of dynamic factors, is the error term of the dynamic carbon accounting model at time t.

[0121] Specifically, the carbon emission-related data of each production link of the enterprise, including energy consumption, production volume, raw material usage, etc., are collected in real time through IoT devices, and the collected real-time data is cleaned, converted and standardized to ensure the quality and consistency of the data. By considering the influence of multiple dynamic factors, real-time data monitoring can timely capture the changes in dynamic factors affecting carbon emissions, so that the carbon accounting model can more accurately predict the carbon emissions of enterprises at different time points. The timely updated model can help enterprises respond to changes in carbon emission-related policies and market environment in a timely manner, reduce operating risks, and help enterprises optimize resource allocation, reduce carbon emission costs, and improve operational efficiency. By implementing a dynamic carbon emission accounting calculation model and regularly updating the model's parameters and algorithms to adapt to changes in corporate operations and the external environment, enterprises can better understand and manage their own carbon emissions, thereby better achieving sustainable development goals.

[0122] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of step S40 in the blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] like Figure 5 As shown, in an optional embodiment of the present invention, the incentive compatibility mechanism is specifically as follows: S41, presetting the initial carbon credits of the enterprise; S42, using smart contracts to verify the carbon emission related data; S43, if the data verification passes, the smart contract will automatically execute the carbon emission accounting and increase the corresponding carbon credits of the enterprise. If the data verification fails, the smart contract will deduct the corresponding carbon credits of the enterprise; and / or, according to the adjustment suggestions of the dynamic carbon accounting model submitted by the enterprise, additional carbon credits can be obtained; S44, exchanging carbon credits for actual rewards, the actual rewards include priority participation in carbon emission rights trading, enjoyment of green financial preferential policies, and improvement of corporate environmental credit ratings.

[0124] Specifically, by designing an incentive-compatible mechanism, companies are encouraged to upload real carbon emission data to maximize collective interests while ensuring their own interests. Carbon credits can be exchanged for incentives, so that companies can actively participate in the blockchain-based carbon accounting system, realize the underlying efficient operating architecture, and improve the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of data upload, thereby improving the efficiency and reliability of corporate carbon accounting.

[0125] Among them, the specific working principle of the incentive compatibility mechanism is as follows: registration and initialization, the enterprise completes registration on the system platform and submits the necessary qualification certificates. The system assigns a unique blockchain address to the enterprise, initializes the enterprise's carbon credit account, and sets the initial carbon credit value. Data collection and upload, the enterprise collects carbon emission-related data through IoT devices in accordance with the prescribed format and standards, and uploads it directly to the blockchain. Each time the data is successfully uploaded, the system will add corresponding points to the enterprise's carbon credit account based on the timeliness, accuracy and completeness of the data. Data verification and smart contract execution, the system uses the on-chain smart contract to conduct multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis of the data uploaded by the enterprise to verify the accuracy of the data. If the data verification passes, the smart contract will automatically perform the accounting of carbon emissions and update the enterprise's carbon credit account. If the data verification fails, the system will deduct a certain amount of carbon credits from the enterprise as a penalty. Dynamic carbon accounting model adjustment: The system adjusts the dynamic carbon accounting model in real time according to the actual situation, that is, dynamic factors, to ensure the effectiveness of the model. Enterprises can submit model adjustment suggestions to the system as needed, and once adopted, they will receive additional carbon credit rewards. Points redemption and incentives: Enterprises can use carbon points to redeem actual rewards on the system platform, such as priority participation in carbon emission rights trading, enjoy green financial preferential policies, and improve corporate environmental credit ratings. At the same time, the system will also regularly hold carbon points ranking activities to commend and reward companies with higher points. The mathematical model of the incentive compatibility mechanism is as follows;

[0126] Assume that the company’s carbon credit account is G and the initial credit is G O The points gained for each successful data upload are ΔG upload , the integral deducted if the data verification fails is ΔG penalty The additional points gained by adopting the dynamic carbon accounting model adjustment suggestion are ΔG bonus , the value of incentives that enterprises can redeem using carbon credits is V(G), and V(G) is an increasing function of G.

[0127] The change in the enterprise's carbon credit account can be expressed as:

[0128] G=G0+∑ΔG upload -∑ΔG penalty +∑ΔG bonus

[0129] The expected benefits of enterprises participating in the system can be expressed as:

[0130] E(U)=V(G)-Cost

[0131] Among them, Cost refers to the cost of enterprises participating in the system, including the investment in data collection, uploading, verification, etc. To ensure the effectiveness of the incentive compatibility mechanism, the following conditions need to be met:

[0132] ΔG upload >0, successful data upload should receive positive points reward; ΔG penalty >0, if data verification fails, a certain number of points will be deducted as a penalty; ΔG bonus ≥0, the dynamic carbon accounting model adjustment suggestion is adopted and additional points should be awarded; V'(G)>0, the value of incentives should increase with the increase of carbon points; E(U)>0, the expected benefits of enterprises participating in the system should be greater than zero. By reasonably setting the above parameters and conditions, the effective implementation of the blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism can be ensured, thereby promoting enterprises to actively participate in the blockchain-based carbon accounting system. The embodiment of the present invention solves the problem of carbon emission-related data distortion in the process of corporate carbon emission accounting. After the data is collected and uploaded to the chain by blockchain and Internet of Things technology, the data is cross-compared and the carbon emission model is dynamically updated, and an incentive compatibility mechanism is established to increase the enthusiasm of corporate participation. The above steps will ensure the authenticity of corporate carbon emission data to a certain extent, and provide a solid data foundation for government carbon quota allocation and carbon market fairness.

[0133] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of implementing data on-chain in a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0134] Figure 7 It is a structural diagram of a blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system for implementing an embodiment of the present invention.

[0135] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the enterprise carbon accounting system 100 based on blockchain includes:

[0136] The data collection unit 101 is used to collect carbon emission related data in real time based on the Internet of Things, and upload the carbon emission related data to the blockchain;

[0137] The data processing unit 102 is used to perform multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis on the carbon emission-related data based on the on-chain smart contract to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data;

[0138] The data accounting unit 103 is used to adjust the dynamic carbon accounting model in real time according to dynamic factors to calculate the carbon emission related data;

[0139] The data allocation unit 104 is used to construct a blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism based on the calculation results, wherein the incentive compatibility mechanism encourages enterprises to upload real carbon emission data.

[0140] It should be noted that the data acquisition module 101 collects carbon emission-related data from various production links of the enterprise in real time through Internet of Things devices. The carbon emission-related data includes energy consumption, production volume, raw material usage, etc. The data processing unit 102 cleans, converts and standardizes the collected real-time data to ensure the quality and consistency of the data.

[0141] For the description of specific functions and examples of each module and submodule of the device in the embodiment of the present invention, reference can be made to the relevant description of the corresponding steps in the above method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0142] In the technical solution of the present invention, the acquisition, storage and application of user personal information involved are in compliance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations and do not violate public order and good morals.

[0143] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the present invention also provides an electronic device, a readable storage medium and a computer program product.

[0144] Figure 8 A schematic block diagram of an example electronic device 200 that can be used to implement an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices, and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely examples and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention described and / or required herein.

[0145] like Figure 8 As shown, the device 200 includes a computing unit 201, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a computer program stored in a read-only memory (ROM) 202 or a computer program loaded from a storage unit 208 into a random access memory (RAM) 203. In the RAM 203, various programs and data required for the operation of the device 200 can also be stored. The computing unit 201, the ROM 202, and the RAM 203 are connected to each other via a bus 204. An input / output (I / O) interface 205 is also connected to the bus 204.

[0146] A number of components in the device 200 are connected to the I / O interface 205, including: an input unit 206, such as a keyboard, a mouse, etc.; an output unit 207, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; a storage unit 208, such as a disk, an optical disk, etc.; and a communication unit 209, such as a network card, a modem, a wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 209 allows the device 200 to exchange information / data with other devices through a computer network such as the Internet and / or various telecommunication networks.

[0147] The computing unit 201 may be a variety of general and / or special processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of the computing unit 201 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various dedicated artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various computing units running machine learning model algorithms, digital signal processors (DSPs), and any appropriate processors, controllers, microcontrollers, etc. The computing unit 201 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as a power generation prediction method. For example, in some embodiments, a power generation prediction method may be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly contained in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit 208. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on the device 200 via the ROM 202 and / or the communication unit 209. When the computer program is loaded into the RAM 203 and executed by the computing unit 201, one or more steps of a power generation prediction method described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the computing unit 201 may be configured to perform a power generation prediction method in any other appropriate manner (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0148] Various implementations of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application specific standard products (ASSPs), systems on chips (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various implementations can include: being implemented in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which can be a special purpose or general purpose programmable processor that can receive data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmit data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0149] The program code for implementing the method of the present invention can be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes can be provided to a processor or controller of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer or other programmable data processing device, so that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, enables the functions / operations specified in the flow chart and / or block diagram to be implemented. The program code can be executed entirely on the machine, partially on the machine, partially on the machine as a stand-alone software package and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0150] In the context of the present invention, a machine-readable medium may be a tangible medium that may contain or store a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, device, or equipment. A machine-readable medium may be a machine-readable signal medium or a machine-readable storage medium. A machine-readable medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, devices, or equipment, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A more specific example of a machine-readable storage medium may include an electrical connection based on one or more lines, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

[0151] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on a computer having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user can provide input to the computer. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, the feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including acoustic input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0152] The systems and techniques described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes back-end components (e.g., as a data server), or a computing system that includes middleware components (e.g., an application server), or a computing system that includes front-end components (e.g., a user computer with a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with implementations of the systems and techniques described herein), or a computing system that includes any combination of such back-end components, middleware components, or front-end components. The components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet.

[0153] A computer system may include a client and a server. The client and the server are generally remote from each other and usually interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server is generated by computer programs running on respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server may be a cloud server, a server of a distributed system, or a server combined with a blockchain.

[0154] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used to reorder, add or delete steps. For example, the steps described in the present invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially or in different orders, as long as the desired results of the technical solution disclosed in the present invention can be achieved, and this document does not limit this.

[0155] The above specific implementations do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent substitution and improvement made within the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

[0156] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and substitutions should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting method, It is characterized in that The method comprises: Based on the Internet of Things, carbon emission related data is collected in real time and uploaded to the blockchain; Based on the on-chain smart contract, the carbon emission-related data is cross-compared and analyzed in multiple dimensions to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data; According to dynamic factors, the dynamic carbon accounting model is adjusted in real time to calculate the carbon emission related data; According to the calculation results, a blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism is constructed, wherein the incentive compatibility mechanism encourages enterprises to upload real carbon emission data.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The real-time collection of carbon emission related data based on the Internet of Things and uploading of the carbon emission related data to the blockchain includes: The IoT device layer collects the carbon emission related data in real time through various sensors, and transmits the carbon emission related data to the data processing layer; The data processing layer preprocesses the carbon emission related data to obtain preprocessed data, wherein the preprocessing includes denoising, outlier detection and data smoothing; Verifying the preprocessed data using predefined verification rules; If the verification is successful, the preprocessed data is written into the blockchain.

3. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis of the carbon emission related data based on the on-chain smart contract to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission related data include: When the carbon emission related data is uploaded to the blockchain, the smart contract is automatically triggered; Perform multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis on the carbon emission related data by running the smart contract, wherein the multi-dimensional cross-comparison includes time dimension comparison, space dimension comparison, type dimension comparison and standard dimension comparison; Based on the results of the multi-dimensional cross-comparison, a comprehensive evaluation index is constructed, and the comprehensive evaluation index measures the overall quality and compliance of the carbon emission-related data to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data.

4. The method according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The multidimensional cross comparison includes: The smart contract extracts a historical data set H, a current carbon emission related data set D, and an industry standard data set S from the blockchain; The time dimension comparisons are: Among them, d i and h i represents the current carbon emission related data set and the carbon emission in the same time period in the carbon emission related data set, respectively, and T(D,H) represents d i and h i The relative rate of change of The spatial dimension comparisons are: Among them, S(D) represents the carbon emission difference coefficient between different departments or equipment within the enterprise; The type dimensions compared are: Among them, c i represents the emission of the jth carbon emission type, p i represents the proportion of the jth carbon emission type, and C(D) represents the weighted average carbon emission type index; The standard dimensions for comparison are: Among them, R(D,S) represents the ratio of the average carbon emissions of an enterprise to the average industry standard; According to the results of the multidimensional cross comparison, the comprehensive evaluation index is constructed as follows: I=w T ×T(D,H)+w S ×S(D)+w C ×C(D)+w R ×R(D,S) Among them, w T Represents the weight coefficient of the time dimension, w S Represents the weight coefficient of the spatial dimension, w C Represents the weight coefficient of the type dimension, w R Represents the weight coefficient of the standard dimension.

5. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The real-time adjustment of the dynamic carbon accounting model according to the dynamic factors to calculate the carbon emission related data includes: Quantifying the dynamic factors into dynamic parameters, wherein the dynamic factors include one or more of changes in enterprise operation data, changes in industry standards, changes in carbon emission factors, and changes in policy environment; Based on the carbon emission related data and static parameters, a basic carbon accounting model is constructed to calculate the carbon emissions of the enterprise at a point in time; Introducing a dynamic adjustment mechanism into the basic carbon accounting model to obtain the dynamic carbon accounting model; According to the real-time collection of the carbon emission related data and the changes of the dynamic parameters, the calculation results of the dynamic carbon accounting model are adjusted in real time; Validating the dynamic carbon accounting model using historical data; According to the verification results, the dynamic carbon accounting model is adjusted and optimized in real time.

6. The method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The calculation model of the dynamic carbon accounting model is: Let B(t) be the carbon emissions of the enterprise at time point t, X i (t) is the dynamic parameter of the ith dynamic factor affecting the carbon emissions at time point t, β i is the influence coefficient of the ith dynamic factor on the carbon emissions, then: Wherein, n is the number of the dynamic factors, is the error term of the dynamic carbon accounting model at time t.

7. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The incentive compatibility mechanism includes: Preset the initial carbon credits of the enterprise; Using the smart contract to verify the carbon emission related data; If the data verification is passed, the smart contract will automatically perform the carbon emissions accounting and increase the corresponding carbon credits of the enterprise. If the data verification is not passed, the smart contract will deduct the corresponding carbon credits of the enterprise; and / or, according to the adjustment suggestions submitted by the enterprise to the dynamic carbon accounting model, additional carbon credits can be obtained; The carbon credits are exchanged for actual rewards, which include priority participation in carbon emission rights trading, enjoyment of green financial preferential policies, and improvement of corporate environmental credit rating.

8. A blockchain-based enterprise carbon accounting system, It is characterized in that The system comprises: A data collection unit, used to collect carbon emission related data in real time and upload the carbon emission related data to the blockchain; A data processing unit, for performing multi-dimensional cross-comparison and analysis of the carbon emission-related data based on the on-chain smart contract, so as to identify and correct data anomalies or errors in the carbon emission-related data; A data accounting unit, used to adjust the dynamic carbon accounting model in real time according to dynamic factors to calculate the carbon emission related data; The data allocation unit is used to construct a blockchain incentive compatibility mechanism based on the calculation results, wherein the incentive compatibility mechanism encourages enterprises to upload real carbon emission data.

9. An electronic device, It is characterized in that include: at least one processor, and a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the method described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions, in, The computer instructions are used to cause the computer to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-7.

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