Traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout of goslings and preparation method of traditional Chinese medicine composition

Abstract

The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout of goslings and a preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, and relates to the technical field of gosling breeding. The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout of goslings comprises a composition I, a composition II and a composition III, the composition I is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 70 to 90 parts of cortex cinnamomi, 30 to 50 parts of cortex phellodendri, 30 to 50 parts of rhizoma atractylodis, 40 to 60 parts of semen coicis, 20 to 40 parts of radix astragali seu hedysari and 20 to 40 parts of radix scutellariae; the composition II is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0 to 30 parts of radix bupleuri, 0 to 30 parts of radix angelicae sinensis and 0 to 30 parts of fructus lycii; the composition III is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0 to 20 parts of honeysuckle flower and 0 to 20 parts of herba taraxaci. The cortex cinnamomi, the semen coicis, the cortex phellodendri, the rhizoma atractylodis, the radix astragali seu hedysari and the radix scutellariae are added into the raw materials, so that the gout case fatality rate can be remarkably reduced on the basis of the prior art (the Simiao pill prescription), and the production benefit can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gosling breeding, in particular to a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Gout in goslings, also known as urate deposition disease, is a disease caused by excessive uric acid synthesis or excretion disorder in the body, which leads to increased uric acid concentration in the blood, forming hyperuricemia, and then deposits urate in the joint capsule, articular cartilage, around the joints, chest and abdominal cavity, various organ surfaces and other interstitial tissues. The disease mainly occurs in goslings within 3 weeks of age, with an incidence rate of 10% to 50% and a mortality rate of up to 50%, causing serious economic losses to the meat goose breeding industry. In summary, it is imperative to find new multi-pathway and multi-target comprehensive prevention and control measures with safe ingredients, stable efficacy and low toxicity and side effects.

[0003] In the prior art, most treatments for gout use the Si Miao Wan prescription (Coix seed, Phellodendron chinense and Atractylodes macrocephala), but it only treats the symptoms and not the root cause, and cannot fundamentally eliminate the cause of gout in goslings. In addition, the drug takes a long time to take effect, and is generally ineffective for rapidly developing gout in goslings. Summary of the invention

[0004] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings and a preparation method thereof, which solves the problem that the treatment effect of traditional prescriptions is average. The Chinese medicinal materials used in the present invention are cheap, easy to obtain locally, the prescription is scientific and reasonable, the preparation method is simple, and there are no toxic side effects. While treating and preventing gout in goslings, the food safety of the public can be guaranteed.

[0006] (II) Technical solution

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, comprising composition one, composition two and composition three;

[0008] The composition 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of cinnamon bark, 30-50 parts of phellodendron, 30-50 parts of atractylodes, 40-60 parts of coix seeds, 20-40 parts of astragalus, and 20-40 parts of scutellaria;

[0009] The second composition comprises the following ingredients by weight: 0-30 parts of bupleurum, 0-30 parts of angelica, and 0-30 parts of wolfberry;

[0010] The composition three comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 0-20 parts of honeysuckle and 0-20 parts of dandelion.

[0011] Preferably, the composition 1 comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 80 parts of cinnamon bark, 40 parts of phellodendron chinense, 40 parts of atractylodes lancea, 50 parts of coix seed, 30 parts of astragalus, and 30 parts of scutellaria.

[0012] Preferably, the second composition comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts of bupleurum, 20 parts of angelica, and 20 parts of wolfberry.

[0013] Preferably, the composition three comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts of honeysuckle and 15 parts of dandelions.

[0014] The present invention further discloses a method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Collect materials:

[0016] Weigh cinnamon bark, phellodendron, atractylodes, coix seed, astragalus, scutellaria, bupleurum, angelica, wolfberry, honeysuckle and dandelion according to the above weight parts, wash and dry them for later use;

[0017] Step 2: Crushing and screening:

[0018] Putting the raw materials of composition one together, crushing them together, and sieving them to obtain powder one;

[0019] Put the raw materials of the second composition together, grind them together, and sieve them to obtain the second powder;

[0020] Put the raw materials of composition three together, grind them together, and sieve them to obtain powder three;

[0021] Step 3: Steaming and filtering:

[0022] Add the above powder 1 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, stir and heat for 1-2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 1;

[0023] Add the above powder 2 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, stir and heat for 1-2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 2;

[0024] Add the above powder 3 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, stir and heat for 1-2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 3;

[0025] The supernatant 1, supernatant 2 and supernatant 3 are mixed and added to the cooking pot again, stirred and heated for 0.5-1h, and filtered to obtain a mixed solution;

[0026] Step 4: Granulation:

[0027] The mixed solution is concentrated, and wet extruded into granules. The wet granules are dried to obtain the Chinese medicine composition.

[0028] Preferably, in step 2, the sieve mesh number of the powder 1 is 30-50 mesh, the sieve mesh number of the powder 2 is 50-70 mesh, and the sieve mesh number of the powder 3 is 70-100 mesh.

[0029] Preferably, in step three, the mass ratio of the powder one or the powder two or the powder three to the purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 80-100°C.

[0030] Preferably, in step 4, the drying is performed using a fluidized bed, and the drying temperature is less than or equal to 45°C.

[0031] (III) Beneficial effects

[0032] The present invention provides a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings and a preparation method thereof. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1. The Chinese medicinal material cinnamon used in the present invention is pungent and sweet, hot in nature, and enters the spleen, kidney, heart, and liver meridians, and has the effects of replenishing fire and yang, dispelling cold and relieving pain, warming and unblocking meridians, and guiding fire back to the origin. Coix seed has the effects of promoting diuresis and reducing swelling, strengthening the spleen and removing dampness, clearing heat and discharging pus, relaxing muscles and activating collaterals, and dredge collaterals and relieving pain. Phellodendron has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, and removing fire and eliminating carbuncle. Atractylodes is pungent, bitter, and warm in nature, and enters the spleen and stomach meridians, and has the effects of drying dampness and strengthening the spleen, dispelling wind and dispersing cold, and improving eyesight. Astragalus has the effects of replenishing qi and raising yang, consolidating the exterior and stopping sweating, reducing swelling and promoting diuresis. Scutellaria baicalensis is bitter in taste and cold in nature, and enters the lung, gallbladder, spleen, large intestine, and small intestine meridians, and has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and detoxifying, and stopping bleeding. Angelica has the effects of nourishing blood and activating blood circulation, moistening the intestines, increasing the body's resistance, improving circulation, improving the body's defense ability, and anti-inflammatory and liver protection. Bupleurum has the effects of relieving fever, soothing the liver and relieving depression. Lycium barbarum has the effects of nourishing the liver and kidney, protecting the liver, and improving immunity. Honeysuckle has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, enhancing immunity, dispersing heat and evil, cooling blood and stopping dysentery. Dandelion has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dispersing knots, and promoting dampness and relieving stranguria.

[0034] 2. By adding cinnamon bark, coix seed, phellodendron, atractylodes, astragalus and scutellaria to the raw materials, on the basis of the existing technology (Si Miao Wan prescription), the mortality rate of gout in goslings can be significantly reduced and the breeding efficiency can be improved.

[0035] 3. By adding angelica, bupleurum and wolfberry, which have the effects of promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, reducing swelling and relieving pain, the absorption of drugs can be promoted and the efficacy of drugs can be improved.

[0036] 4. By adding honeysuckle and dandelion, it has a better detoxification effect and improves the efficacy of the medicine.

[0037] 5. Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: the Chinese medicine formula of the present invention has a therapeutic effect on gout in goslings, with a cure rate of more than 90%, and is not prone to recurrence and has no drug residue in the body; in addition, the formulas used are all common Chinese medicines with low cost, high safety, and no toxic side effects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the preparation process of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1:

[0041] The embodiment of the present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, comprising the following ingredients in parts by weight: 70 parts of cinnamon bark, 30 parts of phellodendron chinense, 30 parts of atractylodes lancea, 40 parts of coix seeds, 20 parts of astragalus, and 20 parts of scutellaria.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings comprises the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Collect materials:

[0044] Weigh cinnamon bark, phellodendron, atractylodes, coix seed, astragalus, and scutellaria according to the above weight parts, wash and dry them for later use;

[0045] Step 2: Crushing and screening:

[0046] Put all the raw materials together, grind them together, and sieve them to a 40-mesh size to obtain powder;

[0047] Step 3: Steaming and filtering:

[0048] Add the above powder into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain a supernatant;

[0049] Step 4: Granulation:

[0050] The supernatant is concentrated and granulated by wet extrusion. The fluidized bed is used for drying and the drying temperature is less than or equal to 45° C. After the wet granules are dried, a traditional Chinese medicine composition is obtained.

[0051] Embodiment 2:

[0052] The embodiment of the present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, including composition one, composition two and composition three;

[0053] The composition 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of cinnamon bark, 30 parts of phellodendron, 30 parts of atractylodes, 40 parts of coix seeds, 20 parts of astragalus, and 20 parts of scutellaria;

[0054] Composition 2 includes the following ingredients by weight: 10 parts of bupleurum, 10 parts of angelica, and 10 parts of wolfberry;

[0055] Composition three comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 10 parts of honeysuckle and 10 parts of dandelions.

[0056] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings comprises the following steps:

[0057] Step 1: Collect materials:

[0058] Weigh cinnamon bark, phellodendron, atractylodes, coix seed, astragalus, scutellaria, bupleurum, angelica, wolfberry, honeysuckle and dandelion according to the above weight parts, wash and dry them for later use;

[0059] Step 2: Crushing and screening:

[0060] Put the raw materials of composition 1 together, grind them together, and sieve them with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain powder 1;

[0061] Put the raw materials of the second composition together, grind them together, and sieve them with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a second powder;

[0062] Put the raw materials of composition three together, grind them together, and sieve them with a sieve mesh of 80 mesh to obtain powder three;

[0063] Step 3: Steaming and filtering:

[0064] Add the above powder 1 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder 1 to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 1;

[0065] Add the above powder 2 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder 2 to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 2;

[0066] Add the above powder three into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder three to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant three;

[0067] The supernatant 1, supernatant 2 and supernatant 3 were mixed and added to the cooking pot again, stirred and heated for 1 hour, and filtered to obtain a mixed solution;

[0068] Step 4: Granulation:

[0069] The mixed solution is concentrated, and wet extruded into granules. The fluidized bed is used for drying, and the drying temperature is less than or equal to 45° C. After the wet granules are dried, a traditional Chinese medicine composition is obtained.

[0070] Embodiment three:

[0071] The embodiment of the present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, including composition one, composition two and composition three;

[0072] The composition 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of cinnamon bark, 40 parts of phellodendron, 40 parts of atractylodes, 50 parts of coix seeds, 30 parts of astragalus, and 30 parts of scutellaria;

[0073] Composition 2 includes the following ingredients by weight: 20 parts of bupleurum, 20 parts of angelica, and 20 parts of wolfberry;

[0074] Composition three comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts of honeysuckle and 15 parts of dandelions.

[0075] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings comprises the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: Collect materials:

[0077] Weigh cinnamon bark, phellodendron, atractylodes, coix seed, astragalus, scutellaria, bupleurum, angelica, wolfberry, honeysuckle and dandelion according to the above weight parts, wash and dry them for later use;

[0078] Step 2: Crushing and screening:

[0079] Put the raw materials of composition 1 together, grind them together, and sieve them with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain powder 1;

[0080] Put the raw materials of the second composition together, grind them together, and sieve them with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a second powder;

[0081] Put the raw materials of composition three together, grind them together, and sieve them with a sieve mesh of 80 mesh to obtain powder three;

[0082] Step 3: Steaming and filtering:

[0083] Add the above powder 1 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder 1 to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 1;

[0084] Add the above powder 2 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder 2 to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 2;

[0085] Add the above powder three into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder three to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant three;

[0086] The supernatant 1, supernatant 2 and supernatant 3 were mixed and added to the cooking pot again, stirred and heated for 1 hour, and filtered to obtain a mixed solution;

[0087] Step 4: Granulation:

[0088] The mixed solution is concentrated, and wet extruded into granules. The fluidized bed is used for drying, and the drying temperature is less than or equal to 45° C. After the wet granules are dried, a traditional Chinese medicine composition is obtained.

[0089] Embodiment 4:

[0090] The embodiment of the present invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, including composition one, composition two and composition three;

[0091] The composition 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts of cinnamon bark, 50 parts of phellodendron, 50 parts of atractylodes, 60 parts of coix seeds, 40 parts of astragalus, and 40 parts of scutellaria;

[0092] Composition 2 includes the following ingredients by weight: 30 parts of bupleurum, 30 parts of angelica, and 30 parts of wolfberry;

[0093] Composition three includes the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts of honeysuckle and 20 parts of dandelions.

[0094] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings comprises the following steps:

[0095] Step 1: Collect materials:

[0096] Weigh cinnamon bark, phellodendron, atractylodes, coix seed, astragalus, scutellaria, bupleurum, angelica, wolfberry, honeysuckle and dandelion according to the above weight parts, wash and dry them for later use;

[0097] Step 2: Crushing and screening:

[0098] Put the raw materials of composition 1 together, grind them together, and sieve them with a 40-mesh sieve to obtain powder 1;

[0099] Put the raw materials of the second composition together, grind them together, and sieve them with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain a second powder;

[0100] Put the raw materials of composition three together, grind them together, and sieve them with a sieve mesh of 80 mesh to obtain powder three;

[0101] Step 3: Steaming and filtering:

[0102] Add the above powder 1 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder 1 to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 1;

[0103] Add the above powder 2 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder 2 to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 2;

[0104] Add the above powder three into a cooking pot filled with purified water, the mass ratio of powder three to purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 90°C, stir and heat for 2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant three;

[0105] The supernatant 1, supernatant 2 and supernatant 3 were mixed and added to the cooking pot again, stirred and heated for 1 hour, and filtered to obtain a mixed solution;

[0106] Step 4: Granulation:

[0107] The mixed solution is concentrated, and wet extruded into granules. The fluidized bed is used for drying, and the drying temperature is less than or equal to 45° C. After the wet granules are dried, a traditional Chinese medicine composition is obtained.

[0108] Experimental Example 1:

[0109] 1 Materials and methods

[0110] 1.1 Experimental animals

[0111] 300 healthy one-day-old calico geese were selected and caged according to the feeding requirements for geese. They were fed with antibiotic-free feed and drinking water and received routine immunization.

[0112] 1.2 Test methods

[0113] 1.2.1 Effectiveness test

[0114] When the geese were raised to 3 days old, 250 were randomly selected and challenged with goose astrovirus, and randomly divided into 5 groups. The first group was treated with the drug of Example 1; the second group was treated with the drug of Example 2; the third group was treated with the drug of Example 3; the fourth group was treated with the drug of Example 4; the fifth group was not treated with drugs after the challenge; the sixth group was a blank control group, which was not challenged with drugs. The first to fourth groups were continuously treated with the corresponding Chinese medicine formula, mixed with feed and fed for 7 consecutive days. During this period, the number of deaths, mental state and behavior of the geese in each group were recorded.

[0115] 1.2.2 Safety test

[0116] 100 1-day-old geese were randomly divided into 2 groups. The first group was the experimental group, which was fed with the drug of Example 3 for 7 days from the age of 5 days. The second group was the control group, which did not add any drug to the feed. The health status and weight of the two groups of geese were observed.

[0117] 2.1 Results of effectiveness trials

[0118] The results of the effectiveness test are shown in Table 1. The sixth blank experimental group did not show any signs of kidney enlargement, urate deposition, or lameness, and the mortality rate was 4%. The fifth group did not take any medication after the challenge, and clinical symptoms of gout began to appear 4 days later. Among them, the third group had the lowest proportion of kidney enlargement, urate deposition, and lameness.

[0119] Table 1 Effectiveness test results

[0120]

[0121] 2.2 Safety test results

[0122] There was no significant difference in the number of deaths and body weight between the first experimental group and the control group, proving the safety of the drug formula.

[0123] In summary, compared with the prior art (Si Miao Wan prescription), the Chinese medicine composition prepared by the present invention has a better cure rate and effective rate, and can effectively treat gout problems in goslings.

[0124] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings, characterized in that: Comprising composition one, composition two and composition three; The composition 1 comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of cinnamon bark, 30-50 parts of phellodendron, 30-50 parts of atractylodes, 40-60 parts of coix seeds, 20-40 parts of astragalus, and 20-40 parts of scutellaria; The second composition comprises the following ingredients by weight: 0-30 parts of bupleurum, 0-30 parts of angelica, and 0-30 parts of wolfberry; The composition three comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 0-20 parts of honeysuckle and 0-20 parts of dandelion.

2. A Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition 1 comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 80 parts of cinnamon bark, 40 parts of phellodendron chinense, 40 parts of atractylodes lancea, 50 parts of coix seeds, 30 parts of astragalus, and 30 parts of scutellaria.

3. A Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second composition comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 20 parts of bupleurum, 20 parts of angelica, and 20 parts of wolfberry.

4. A Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composition three comprises the following ingredients in parts by weight: 15 parts of honeysuckle and 15 parts of dandelions.

5. A method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect materials: Weigh cinnamon bark, phellodendron, atractylodes, coix seed, astragalus, scutellaria, bupleurum, angelica, wolfberry, honeysuckle and dandelion according to the above weight parts, wash and dry them for later use; Step 2: Crushing and screening: Putting the raw materials of composition one together, crushing them together, and sieving them to obtain powder one; Put the raw materials of the second composition together, grind them together, and sieve them to obtain the second powder; Put the raw materials of composition three together, grind them together, and sieve them to obtain powder three; Step 3: Steaming and filtering: Add the above powder 1 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, stir and heat for 1-2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 1; Add the above powder 2 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, stir and heat for 1-2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 2; Add the above powder 3 into a cooking pot filled with purified water, stir and heat for 1-2 hours, and filter to remove the residue to obtain supernatant 3; The supernatant 1, supernatant 2 and supernatant 3 are mixed and added to the cooking pot again, stirred and heated for 0.5-1h, and filtered to obtain a mixed solution; Step 4: Granulation: The mixed solution is concentrated, and wet extruded into granules. The wet granules are dried to obtain the Chinese medicine composition.

6. A method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 2, the sieve mesh number of the powder 1 is 30-50 mesh, the sieve mesh number of the powder 2 is 50-70 mesh, and the sieve mesh number of the powder 3 is 70-100 mesh.

7. A method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step three, the mass ratio of the powder one or the powder two or the powder three to the purified water is 1:15, and the temperature of the cooking pot is 80-100°C.

8. The method for preparing a Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating gout in goslings according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step 4, the drying is performed using a fluidized bed, and the drying temperature is less than or equal to 45°C.

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