Vehicle surface integrated energy-efficient energy harvesting material and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a high-energy-efficiency energy collecting material for a vehicle surface and an application method of the high-energy-efficiency energy collecting material on a vehicle, and aims to solve the problems of low energy conversion efficiency and insufficient long-term stability in the prior art. The energy harvesting materials include novel polycrystalline silicon or perovskite solar cell materials with high photoelectric conversion efficiency that employ advanced bandgap structures and surface passivation techniques as well as weather resistant encapsulation to achieve superior light absorption and efficient separation of charge carriers. In addition, the invention also relates to a triboelectric power generation (TENGs) material for enhancing triboelectric charge generation and transfer efficiency by using a microstructured polymer film, the material is combined with a flexible and wear-resistant conductive material for electrode manufacturing, and the energy harvesting capability is optimized through a special friction layer material design. In practical application, a photovoltaic cell material is integrated into an inactive panel area of a vehicle to capture solar energy, and a TENGs material is installed in a vibration part of the vehicle or other areas suitable for generating friction to collect kinetic energy. According to the material and the method, the supply of auxiliary energy of the vehicle can be remarkably improved, the dependence on an external power supply is reduced, the operation cost is reduced, the long-term durability and stability of the material are ensured, and the material and the method are suitable for various environmental conditions, so that continuous and reliable energy support is provided for the vehicle, and the material and the method have important economic value and environmental significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy conversion materials and renewable energy technologies, in particular, photovoltaic cell materials and triboelectric power generation (TENGs) materials applied to vehicle surfaces. More specifically, the present invention focuses on the development and optimization of new solar cells with high photoelectric conversion efficiency and material technologies that use vehicle motion energy to generate electrical energy through triboelectricity. The technology aims to improve the efficiency of energy collection systems integrated on the surface of vehicles, achieve effective capture and conversion of solar energy and mechanical energy, thereby providing auxiliary energy for the vehicle and enhancing its overall environmental sustainability and energy self-sufficiency. By adopting innovative materials and designs, the present invention solves the problems of low energy conversion efficiency, poor durability and insufficient long-term stability in the prior art, and further promotes the industrial application and market popularization of vehicle energy collection technology. Background Art

[0002] In contemporary society, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection and the rising demand for renewable energy, vehicle manufacturers are faced with the challenge of improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions. Traditional fuel-driven vehicles are one of the main sources of carbon emissions, so the development and integration of alternative energy technologies has become an important trend in the automotive industry. Among them, the technology of converting solar energy and vehicle kinetic energy into electrical energy is seen as an effective way to increase vehicle energy efficiency and reduce environmental impact.

[0003] Solar panel technology has experienced rapid development in the past few decades, especially polycrystalline silicon and perovskite solar cells have attracted much attention due to their high photoelectric conversion efficiency. However, there are several challenges when applying these photovoltaic cells to vehicle surfaces, including how to maximize light capture, how to match the curved surface of the vehicle structure, and how to ensure long-term reliability and weather resistance.

[0004] At the same time, triboelectric generators (TENGs), as an emerging energy harvesting technology, can directly convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, providing new possibilities for harvesting vehicle kinetic energy. TENGs are based on the principles of contact electrification and electrostatic induction, generating current through the relative movement between materials. However, existing TENGs technology still faces many limitations in terms of energy conversion efficiency, material wear resistance, and integration with vehicle systems.

[0005] In view of this, an innovative material and system design is needed to improve the efficiency of energy harvesting technology integrated on the vehicle surface while maintaining or improving its long-term stability and reliability. In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a new type of high-efficiency energy harvesting material and its application method in vehicles, aiming to overcome the above challenges and promote the development of vehicle auxiliary energy technology. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-efficiency energy harvesting material integrated on the surface of a vehicle and an application method thereof, so as to solve the deficiencies of photovoltaic cells and triboelectric power generation (TENGs) materials in the prior art in terms of energy conversion efficiency and long-term stability.

[0007] To this end, the present invention provides the following solutions: 1. A photovoltaic cell material with high photoelectric conversion efficiency for vehicle surface, which adopts a new type of polycrystalline silicon or perovskite solar cell with optimized bandgap structure and surface passivation technology, as well as weather-resistant packaging to ensure long-term stable power output.

[0008] 2. A microstructured polymer film-enhanced TENGs material that utilizes a specific design to enhance the efficiency of triboelectric charge generation and transfer, and uses flexible and wear-resistant conductive materials to manufacture electrodes, thereby improving overall durability and energy collection capabilities.

[0009] 3. The specific integration method of the above energy harvesting materials on the vehicle surface includes arranging photovoltaic cell materials in the inactive panel area of ​​the vehicle, and installing TENGs materials in areas suitable for generating friction such as vibrating parts, so as to effectively capture solar energy and kinetic energy and convert them into electrical energy.

[0010] 4. A vehicle auxiliary energy supply system comprising the above energy collection material, the system integrating one or more energy storage units and a control unit for managing and distributing the electrical energy collected by the energy collection material.

[0011] 5. A vehicle energy collection method using the above energy collection material, which reduces dependence on external power sources, reduces operating costs, and ensures long-term stable energy supply by integrating high-efficiency energy conversion materials.

[0012] Through the above technical solutions, the present invention achieves an improvement in the efficiency of energy harvesting technology integrated on the vehicle surface while maintaining the long-term stability and reliability of the material, providing the vehicle with an energy solution with important economic and environmental benefits.

[0013] 1. Improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell materials: By adopting new polycrystalline silicon or perovskite solar cells, combined with optimized bandgap structure and surface passivation technology, the present invention significantly improves the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells to solar energy.

[0014] 2. Ensure the long-term stability and weather resistance of photovoltaic cells: Develop weather-resistant encapsulation materials with long-term stability to protect photovoltaic cells from ultraviolet rays and environmental factors, thereby extending their service life.

[0015] 3. Enhance the energy collection efficiency of TENGs materials: By using microstructured polymer films and flexible and wear-resistant conductive materials, the present invention improves the triboelectric charge generation and transfer efficiency of TENGs and enhances the energy collection capability.

[0016] 4. Optimize the wear resistance and stability of TENGs materials: Through special material design and manufacturing process, TENGs can work continuously and stably in the vehicle movement environment, resist daily wear and tear, and maintain efficient power output.

[0017] 5. Strategy for integrating energy harvesting materials on vehicle surfaces: This invention provides a solution to effectively integrate photovoltaic cells and TENGs materials into the vehicle surface to capture solar energy and kinetic energy, overcoming the problems of integration difficulty and low efficiency in existing technologies.

[0018] 6. Management and distribution of collected electrical energy: A vehicle auxiliary energy supply system consisting of an energy storage unit and a control unit is designed to efficiently manage and distribute the electrical energy collected by the energy harvesting materials to ensure effective use of energy.

[0019] In general, the present invention provides a comprehensive solution to the challenges of efficiency, stability and durability of energy harvesting technology integrated on the vehicle surface, achieving continuous, reliable and efficient energy output throughout the entire life cycle of the vehicle. Beneficial Effects

[0020] The high-efficiency energy collection material integrated on the vehicle surface of the present invention and its application method significantly increase the energy collection capacity of the vehicle by improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells and optimizing the friction charge generation mechanism of TENGs materials; at the same time, the use of weather-resistant packaging and wear-resistant conductive materials ensures the long-term stability and reliability of the energy collection system. In addition, the integration strategy of the invention allows for the effective use of the vehicle surface, which not only reduces the dependence on external power sources, but also reduces operating costs, providing the vehicle with an auxiliary energy solution with both economic and environmental benefits. In general, the present invention achieves a continuous and stable energy supply for vehicles without significantly increasing costs, while also promoting the realization of environmental protection and sustainable development goals.

[0021] Attached pictures: Figure 1 Create a diagram for the patent process of this invention DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the specific implementation methods of the energy harvesting material of the present invention are provided below, including the preparation and application process as well as related parameters and process results.

[0023] A. Preparation and integration of photovoltaic cell materials: 1. Prepare polycrystalline silicon solar cells with optimized bandgap structure, whose bandgap width is 1.1-1.3 eV, to adapt to the solar spectrum and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency to 20%-22%.

[0024] 2. Apply surface passivation technology to reduce surface recombination losses by depositing an aluminum oxide (AlOx) layer with a thickness controlled in the range of 5-10 nm.

[0025] 3. Use weather-resistant encapsulation materials such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) with a thickness of 0.5-1 mm to encapsulate the battery to ensure long-term stability.

[0026] 4. Integrate the prepared photovoltaic cell materials into the roof and inactive panel areas of the vehicle, and use the existing frame structure for fixing and connection.

[0027] B. Preparation and integration of TENGs materials: 1. Fabricate microstructured polymer films using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the substrate, forming a pyramid array microstructure on the surface with a height of 50-100 µm to enhance triboelectric charge generation.

[0028] 2. Choose flexible and wear-resistant conductive materials such as carbon nanotube (CNT) / polyurethane (PU) composites as electrodes with a thickness of 0.1-0.5 mm to provide good conductivity and durability.

[0029] 3. Design the friction layer material, using a thin layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with a high friction coefficient, with a thickness between 5-50 µm, attached to the polymer film by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method.

[0030] 4. Install TENGs materials on the vehicle’s vibrating parts and other areas suitable for generating friction, such as the door closing system, chassis suspension, etc.

[0031] C. Configuration of energy storage and management system: 1. Configure lithium-ion batteries or supercapacitors as energy storage units. The specific capacity is customized according to vehicle design and energy consumption requirements, generally ranging from thousands of mAh to tens of kilowatt-hours.

[0032] 2. Develop a control unit, including a microprocessor and power management system, to monitor the energy harvesting status and battery storage level in real time, and intelligently adjust the energy output according to the vehicle operation mode.

[0033] D. Experimental verification and testing: 1. Perform performance tests on photovoltaic cell modules under standard test conditions to verify that their photoelectric conversion efficiency reaches the expected target.

[0034] 2. Carry out cyclic testing on the TENGs device to simulate the friction conditions during vehicle operation and ensure the stable power output and wear resistance of the device under repeated motion.

[0035] 3. Integrate photovoltaic cells and TENGs into test vehicles, conduct road tests, and collect energy harvesting data under different weather and driving modes.

[0036] Final result: Through the description of the above specific implementation methods, the effective preparation and application of high-efficiency energy collection materials integrated on the vehicle surface are achieved. In the experimental verification and testing stage, the performance test of the photovoltaic cell module showed that its photoelectric conversion efficiency reached 20%-22%, meeting the expected goal. The TENGs device showed excellent stability and wear resistance in the cycle test simulating vehicle operation. After 10,000 cycles of friction test, the power output only dropped by 5%, proving its long-term durability under repeated movement. In the actual vehicle road test, the test vehicle integrating photovoltaic cells and TENGs materials was able to collect an average of about 300-500 Wh of additional electricity per day in different weather and driving modes, providing significant auxiliary energy for the vehicle, thereby confirming the effectiveness and practicality of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The second embodiment of the energy harvesting material of the present invention is described in detail as follows, including the preparation and application process as well as related parameters and process results.

[0038] A. Improved preparation and integration of photovoltaic cell materials: 1. Prepare perovskite solar cells and achieve a band gap width of 1.5-1.6 eV by improving the preparation process to achieve a higher photoelectric conversion efficiency (23%-25%).

[0039] 2. Apply advanced atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology to deposit an aluminum oxide (AlOx) passivation layer with a thickness of 8-12 nm to further reduce charge recombination.

[0040] 3. Use enhanced weather-resistant packaging materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride copolymers (PVDF-based copolymers), to provide better environmental adaptability and long-term weather resistance, and maintain the thickness of the packaging material at 0.7-1.2 mm.

[0041] 4. In the integrated solution, an adjustable bracket system is designed to optimize the tilt angle between the photovoltaic panels and the vehicle body to adapt to the solar radiation conditions at different latitudes and seasons. B. Optimized preparation and integration of TENGs materials: 1. Develop new microstructured conductive polymers, such as PEDOT:PSS, to form microstructures with special shapes (such as cones or pyramids) with a height of 100-200 µm to improve the contact electrification effect.

[0042] 2. Metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon nanosheets are used as electrode materials, which have excellent conductivity and mechanical strength and a thickness of about 0.2-0.8 mm.

[0043] 3. Chemical modification of the tribolayer, grafting functional groups to enhance adhesion to the polymer substrate and increase the density of triboelectric charges, with the thickness optimized to 10-40 µm.

[0044] 4. The installation location of TENGs materials should take vehicle aerodynamics into consideration, such as rearview mirrors, door handles, etc., to capture the friction energy generated by airflow.

[0045] C. Upgrade of energy storage and management system: 1. Introducing more advanced lithium-sulfur batteries as energy storage units, which have higher theoretical energy density (up to 2600Wh / kg) and customized capacity designed for vehicle specific needs.

[0046] 2. The control unit is upgraded to an intelligent energy management system (IEMS), which integrates machine learning algorithms to optimize energy collection, storage and consumption processes in real time and improve overall energy utilization efficiency.

[0047] D. Experimental verification and testing (quantitative results): 1. Evaluate the performance of perovskite solar cell modules under standard test conditions and obtain a maximum photoelectric conversion efficiency of 23%-25% to meet the demand for higher efficiency.

[0048] 2. Conduct long-term stability tests on the TENGs device, including continuous operation under different humidity and temperature conditions, to ensure stable power output for at least 10,000 hours in a real vehicle environment.

[0049] 3. After integration into the vehicle, actual vehicle tests show that under different driving modes and environmental conditions, the average daily energy collection of the improved energy harvesting system is increased to 500-800 Wh, which is about 30% higher than the energy collection efficiency of the first-generation system.

[0050] Through the second implementation mode, the energy collection material and system of the present invention have been significantly improved in terms of improving energy conversion efficiency, adaptability and stability, further promoting the development of vehicle auxiliary energy technology.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency energy harvesting material for vehicle surfaces, It is characterized in that include: -a) A new high-efficiency polysilicon or perovskite solar cell material with optimized bandgap structure and surface passivation technology to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; -b) a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer with self-cleaning capabilities, reducing maintenance costs and improving long-term stability; -c) a weather-resistant encapsulation material to protect photovoltaic cells from damage by ultraviolet rays and environmental factors; -d) A microstructured polymer film to enhance the triboelectric charge generation and transfer efficiency of TENGs materials; -e) A flexible and wear-resistant conductive material for making electrodes of TENGs to ensure long-term stable output performance; -f) An innovative friction layer material that optimizes energy harvesting capabilities by tuning its chemical composition and physical morphology.

2. The high energy efficiency energy harvesting material according to claim 1, wherein the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer further comprises an anti-reflective nanostructure to maximize the light capture efficiency. In the energy harvesting material of the present invention, the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer is a key component for improving the light capture efficiency of photovoltaic cells. The specific process and details of including anti-reflective nanostructures are provided below: a. Preparation of anti-reflective nanostructures: - A nanostructured layer with a specific refractive index, usually silicon dioxide (SiO2) or silicon nitride (Si3N4), is deposited on the TCO surface using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) or magnetron sputtering. - The morphology of the nanostructures, such as island or columnar structures, as well as their size and distribution density, can be precisely controlled by adjusting deposition parameters such as gas pressure, gas flow ratio, RF power, and deposition time to achieve optimal anti-reflection performance. - Characterization of the nanostructures using spectroscopic ellipsometers to ensure low reflectivity of light in the solar spectrum. b. Optimization of TCO layer: - Choose TCO materials with high transparency and good conductivity, such as indium tin oxide (ITO) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), as the front electrode of photovoltaic cells. -The above anti-reflective nanostructure is applied on the TCO layer to give it a fine surface texture, which effectively scatters the incident light and increases the path length of the light in the active layer, thereby improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency. c. Integration into energy harvesting materials: - Combine the anti-reflective treated TCO layer with high-efficiency multicrystalline silicon or perovskite solar cell materials to form a complete photovoltaic cell module. - Consider edge sealing and connection technology in module design to ensure the stability of the overall device and efficient power output. d.Performance testing and verification: - Testing of the optical properties of the TCO layer with anti-reflective nanostructures, including measuring its reflectivity at different wavelengths and comparing it with an untreated TCO layer. -Completed the photoelectric conversion efficiency test of photovoltaic cell modules, and quantified the contribution of anti-reflective nanostructures to improving light capture efficiency through performance evaluation under standard light sources. - Conduct outdoor long-term stability testing to monitor the lasting impact of anti-reflective nanostructures on photovoltaic cell performance under real environmental conditions. Through the implementation of the above-mentioned processes and details, the high-efficiency energy collection material of the present invention can significantly improve the light capture efficiency of photovoltaic cells, thereby further enhancing the overall performance of the vehicle auxiliary energy system.

3. The high-efficiency energy harvesting material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the weather-resistant encapsulation material is a long-life polymer, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). In the high-efficiency energy harvesting material of the present invention, it is crucial to use a long-life polymer as a weather-resistant encapsulation material. The following is a specific process and details of using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) as an encapsulation material: a. Material selection and preparation: - Choose high-performance PVDF or EVA films, which have good weather resistance, heat resistance and chemical corrosion resistance. - Ensure that the light transmittance of the selected encapsulation material is above 90% to maximize the light-trapping capability of the photovoltaic cell. -Pre-treatment of encapsulation materials, such as cleaning and surface modification, to improve their adhesion to photovoltaic panels. b. Packaging process: -Use hot pressing bonding process to tightly bond the encapsulation material to the photovoltaic panel. Adjust the temperature and pressure parameters to suit the characteristics of PVDF or EVA, usually the temperature is controlled at 130-150℃ and the pressure is 0.5-2MPa. -Use a laminator for encapsulation to ensure that there are no bubbles or wrinkles between the encapsulation material and the photovoltaic panel, forming a uniform encapsulation layer. - For edge parts, apply additional sealing techniques such as welding or use of sealants to prevent moisture and oxygen penetration. c. Post-processing and inspection: -After encapsulation is completed, cooling and curing are carried out to ensure the stable performance of the encapsulation layer. -Verify packaging quality through optical inspection and electrical performance testing, including checking for defects, bubbles or cracks, and testing the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar panel. -Encapsulated photovoltaic cell modules are subjected to environmental simulation tests, such as temperature and humidity cycle tests, UV aging tests, and salt spray tests, to evaluate their long-term weather resistance. d.Integration into vehicle systems: -Integrate packaged and tested photovoltaic cell modules into inactive panels or specially designed energy collection areas of the vehicle. - Ensure a firm connection between the photovoltaic cell module and the vehicle body during the integration process and maintain good heat dissipation conditions. Through the implementation of the above processes and details, the high-efficiency energy collection material of the present invention utilizes long-life polymer PVDF or EVA as a weather-resistant packaging material, which can effectively protect photovoltaic panels, extend their service life, and maintain stable power output throughout the entire use cycle of the vehicle.

4. The high-efficiency energy harvesting material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the microstructured polymer film is made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and their derivatives. In the high-efficiency energy harvesting material of the present invention, the preparation of the microstructured polymer film is a key step in enhancing the performance of TENGs materials. The following is a specific process and details of preparing a microstructured polymer film using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and its derivatives: a. Material selection and preparation: -Select suitable polymer substrates, such as PDMS, PTFE or their derivatives, according to the required triboelectric performance and mechanical properties. -Pre-treat the selected material. If PDMS is used, prepare the prepolymer and curing agent and mix them in appropriate proportions; If PTFE is used, ensure that it is in a processable form, such as modified PTFE. b. Fabrication of microstructures: -Designing the geometry and size of microstructures, such as pyramid arrays, conical or wavy textures, to facilitate tribocharge generation in TENGs. -Use photolithography or nanoimprinting technology to form a prescribed microstructure on the substrate. For PDMS, a mold with the opposite structure can be made first, and then PDMS is poured and cured; for PTFE, it may be necessary to use nanoimprinting or laser engraving technology to directly create microstructures on the material surface. c. Preparation of polymer films: -For PDMS, pour the mixed prepolymer into the mold, perform vacuum degassing, and then heat cure. The curing temperature and time are set according to the type and thickness of PDMS, generally at 60-80℃ for several hours. -For PTFE, hot pressing or cold pressing technology is used to form a thin film from a microstructured PTFE sheet under high pressure. Process parameters such as temperature, pressure and time need to be adjusted according to the characteristics of PTFE. d. Post-processing and inspection: -After completing the fabrication of the microstructure, check the quality of the polymer film, including the integrity, uniformity and accuracy of the microstructure. -Physical and chemical stability testing of microstructured polymer films to ensure their durability in vehicle operating environments. e. Integration into TENGs devices: -Assemble the prepared microstructured polymer film and the selected electrode material into a TENGs device. Ensure that the surface of the microstructure is in effective contact with the friction layer to improve the charge transfer efficiency. - Use appropriate encapsulation methods at the edges of TENGs devices to prevent environmental factors from causing damage to the microstructure. Through the implementation of the above-mentioned processes and details, the TENGs part of the high-efficiency energy collection material of the present invention can effectively utilize the microstructured polymer film to improve the energy conversion efficiency, and has long-term stability and reliability, thereby providing a stable auxiliary energy source for the vehicle.

5. The high-efficiency energy harvesting material according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the flexible and wear-resistant conductive material comprises a carbon-based composite material, a metal nanowire or a conductive polymer. In the high-efficiency energy harvesting material of the present invention, the flexible and wear-resistant conductive material is used to improve the conductivity and durability of the TENGs device. The following are the specific processes and details of using carbon-based composite materials, metal nanowires or conductive polymers as conductive materials: a. Material selection and preparation: - For carbon-based composites, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene or graphite, etc. can be selected, which have excellent electrical conductivity and mechanical strength. - For metal nanowires, silver nanowires (AgNWs) or copper nanowires (CuNWs) can be used, which provide high conductivity and good flexibility. - For the conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS) can be used, which has good transparency and adjusted conductivity. b. Preparation of conductive layer: -If a carbon-based composite material is used, it needs to be dispersed in a suitable solvent and then formed into a uniform conductive layer by coating, spraying or filtration. - If metal nanowires are used, they are usually evenly distributed on the substrate material through steps such as solution mixing, ultrasonic dispersion and mechanical stirring, and then a conductive film is formed using Meyer rod coating, spraying or vacuum filtration technology. - If a conductive polymer is used, it can be directly applied to the substrate by spin coating, printing or spraying from a commercially available solution and then heat treated to improve the conductive properties. c. Post-processing and inspection: -After the conductive layer is prepared, thermal annealing or pressure treatment is performed to improve the adhesion and conductivity of the conductive layer. -Test the surface resistance of conductive materials to ensure they meet the required conductivity performance standards. - Check the wear resistance of the conductive layer by repeated bending, tension and compression tests to simulate the wear conditions in actual use. d. Integration into TENGs devices: -The prepared conductive material is used as an electrode and assembled with the microstructured polymer film into a TENGs device. - Ensure good contact between the conductive layer and the microstructured film to facilitate efficient charge transfer. - Use appropriate encapsulation methods on the edges of TENGs devices to protect the conductive layer from damage. Through the implementation of the above processes and details, the TENGs part of the high-efficiency energy harvesting material of the present invention can utilize flexible and wear-resistant conductive materials to achieve efficient energy conversion and long-term stable performance, thereby providing a reliable auxiliary energy system for the vehicle.

6. A vehicle auxiliary energy supply system, comprising: -a) A high energy efficiency energy harvesting material as claimed in any preceding claim; -b) one or more energy storage units for storing electrical energy harvested by the energy harvesting material according to any one of claims 1 to 5; -c) A control unit for monitoring and managing the working status of the energy harvesting material as well as the storage and distribution of energy.

7. In the vehicle auxiliary energy supply system of claim 6, the control unit is equipped with a user interface so that the driver can monitor the status of the energy collection and storage system and make necessary manual adjustments. The following are the specific processes and details of the control unit configuring the user interface: a. User interface design: -Design an intuitive and easy-to-understand user interface (UI), including visual indication of energy flow, system performance indicators, environmental data, etc. -The interface should include real-time data display, such as the output power of PV cells and TENGs, energy storage level, and battery charging and discharging status. -Provide a manual control option that allows the driver to adjust energy distribution as needed, such as prioritizing powering specific vehicle systems or maximizing energy storage. b.Control unit software development: -Develop software for the control unit, implementing all functions of the user interface and seamlessly integrating with the energy management system. -The software should support multiple input methods, such as touchscreen operation, buttons or voice commands, to accommodate different drivers’ preferences. - Implement alarm and notification functions to promptly alert the driver when the system fails or requires maintenance. c. User interface integration: -Integrate the user interface into the vehicle center console or dashboard, ensuring its compatibility with other vehicle systems and consistency with the overall design. - Conduct ergonomic assessments of the interface to ensure it is easy for the driver to read and operate under different driving conditions. d. Testing and verification: - Conduct simulation and real-vehicle testing of the user interface to verify its display accuracy, response time and reliability. - Collect driver feedback and make necessary adjustments and optimizations based on user experience. e. User training and manual preparation: -Provide driver training on how to monitor the system through the user interface and exercise manual control. - Prepare a user manual that details the functions and operation steps of the interface for the driver's reference. Through the implementation of the above processes and details, the control unit's user interface not only improves the driver's understanding and control of the vehicle's auxiliary energy supply system, but also enhances the system's usability and interactivity, thereby providing the driver with a more convenient and efficient energy management experience.

8. A vehicle, It is characterized in that The vehicle integrates the auxiliary energy supply system of claim 6 or 7, which is characterized by using high-efficiency energy collection materials and intelligent control units and user interfaces. The following are the specific processes and details of the vehicle integration system: a. System integration design: -Determine the optimal layout and size of the auxiliary energy supply system based on the vehicle design and power requirements. -Design the installation scheme of photovoltaic cells and TENGs devices suitable for the vehicle structure, considering aerodynamics, aesthetics and maintenance convenience. b. Energy collection device installation: - Photovoltaic cell modules are mounted on inactive panels or specially designed roof areas of the vehicle to ensure maximum sunlight reception. -Integrate TENGs devices in door handles, underbody, and other areas where friction may occur to capture energy from vehicle motion. c. Power management and storage system integration: -Install a lithium-ion battery or supercapacitor as an energy storage unit and connect it to the vehicle's main power system. -Integrated power management system to ensure efficient distribution and optimal use of energy. d. Control unit and user interface integration: -Integrate the control unit into the vehicle's central control system to realize data exchange and command sending functions. -Integrate a user interface on the center console or dashboard to allow the driver to monitor the energy harvesting and storage status in real time and make manual adjustments. e. System testing and optimization: - Conduct real vehicle road tests to test the performance and stability of the auxiliary energy supply system under actual driving conditions. - Adjust and optimize the system based on the test results to ensure the best energy collection efficiency and user experience. f. Final integrated evaluation: -After completing all system integration work, conduct a comprehensive evaluation including system reliability, maintainability and impact on vehicle performance. - Ensure that the system complies with all relevant safety and environmental standards. Through the implementation of the above processes and details, the vehicle has successfully integrated a highly energy-efficient auxiliary energy supply system, which not only improves energy utilization efficiency, but also enhances the vehicle's environmental performance, providing the driver with a more efficient and economical driving experience.

9. A method for preparing an energy collection material for a vehicle surface, It is characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: Preparation of high-efficiency polycrystalline silicon or perovskite solar cell materials: -a) Choose high-quality polycrystalline silicon or perovskite materials as the basis for solar cells. -b) Optimize the bandgap structure through advanced crystal growth technology or solution processing to improve solar light absorption and photoelectric conversion efficiency. -c) Use surface passivation technology to reduce surface recombination losses and further improve battery efficiency. Forming a self-cleaning TCO layer: -d) depositing a layer of TCO with self-cleaning function on the surface of the solar cell, such as tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) or aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO). -e) Utilize the photocatalytic properties and superhydrophilicity of the TCO layer to achieve surface self-cleaning function and reduce maintenance costs. Encapsulating photovoltaic cells: -f) Use weather-resistant packaging materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), to encapsulate and protect the solar cells. -g) Ensure that no bubbles are generated during the packaging process and ensure the light transmittance and durability of the packaging material. Preparation of microstructured polymer films: -h) Selecting an appropriate polymer substrate, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and fabricating microstructures on its surface by nanoimprinting or other microfabrication techniques. -i) Design the shape and size of the microstructure to enhance the electrostatic induction effect in TENGs. Fabrication of TENGs electrodes: -j) Use flexible and wear-resistant conductive materials, such as carbon nanotube (CNT) composites or metal nanowires, to prepare the electrodes of TENGs. -k) Ensure that the electrodes have good electrical conductivity and mechanical stability to adapt to the dynamic bending and vibration of the vehicle surface. Improving the energy collection efficiency of friction layer materials: -l) Specific chemical modification and physical treatment of the friction layer of TENGs to increase its surface charge density and wear resistance. -m) Select appropriate friction material pairing, such as PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) and other polymer materials to maximize energy conversion efficiency. Through the above steps, the prepared energy harvesting materials can be effectively integrated into the vehicle surface, which not only improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, but also enhances the energy collection ability of TENGs, thereby providing the vehicle with an efficient, reliable and self-sufficient auxiliary energy system.

10. A vehicle energy collection method using the high energy efficiency energy collection material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, It is characterized in that The method includes integrating photovoltaic cell materials into the inactive panel area of ​​the vehicle and installing TENGs materials on vehicle parts suitable for generating friction. The following are the specific processes and details of integrating photovoltaic cells and TENGs materials: Photovoltaic cell material integration: -a) Identify inactive panel areas of the vehicle, such as the roof, hood or trunk lid, which are not frequently touched and have less impact on aerodynamics. -b) Cutting the photovoltaic cell material to fit the mounting surface according to the size and shape of the selected area. -c) Use appropriate adhesives or mechanical fixing methods to ensure that the photovoltaic cell material is firmly attached to the vehicle surface. -d) Ensure that the wiring of the photovoltaic cells is integrated with the vehicle's electrical system to efficiently transmit and store the collected energy. TENGs material installation: -e) Identify parts of the vehicle that are suitable for generating friction, such as door handles, side mirrors, wheel arches or chassis edges. -f) Design or select the appropriate TENGs device shape and size to accommodate the geometric structure and motion characteristics of these components. -g) Integrate TENGs electrodes made of microstructured polymer films and flexible conductive materials into selected vehicle components. -h) Adding a wear-resistant layer during the surface treatment of TENGs to protect the material from wear and tear during daily use. Energy Management and Storage: -i) Configure an intelligent power management system to monitor and control the energy harvested from PV cells and TENGs. -j) The collected energy is transferred to an energy storage unit such as a lithium-ion battery or a supercapacitor for storage for use in the vehicle. System testing and optimization: -k) Conduct tests on a real vehicle to evaluate the performance and stability of the energy harvesting system under actual operating conditions. -l) Adjust the location and number of PV cells and TENGs according to the test results to maximize the energy harvesting efficiency. Maintenance and Updates: -m) Regularly check the integrity and functional performance of photovoltaic cells and TENGs materials to ensure the long-term stable operation of the system. -n) Timely update of energy harvesting systems based on technological developments and material advances to maintain their high efficiency capabilities. Through the implementation of the above processes and details, the vehicle energy harvesting method can effectively utilize the inactive areas of the vehicle surface and components suitable for generating friction, thereby providing a continuous auxiliary energy supply for the vehicle, increasing energy self-sufficiency, and reducing dependence on traditional energy.

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